Aug. 24, 1937. F. M. DAMTZ 2,090,623 WARNISHED CAMBRIC Original Filled April ll, 1934

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Patented Aug. 24, 1937 2,090,623 UNITED STATES PATENT office 2,090,623 w WARNISHED CAMBRIC Frederick M. Damitz, Irvington, N. J., assignor to Irvington Warnish & Insulator Co., Irving ton, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Original application. April 11, 1934, Serial No. 720,150. Divided and this application Novem ber 4, 1935, Serial No. 48,258 4 Claims. (C. 9-6.9) This invention relates, generally, to varnished as substitution products. Among these substi Cambrics and the invention has reference, more tution products are water, glycerine, acrolein, particularly, to a novel improved varnished cam aldehydes, non-volatile acids, and volatile fatty bric for use as insulation for cables and for other acids, which latter are further sub-divided into 5 purposes requiring a high quality insulating ma- the water soluble and insoluble fatty acids. The 5 terial, the said varnished cambric being designed Water soluble fatty acids are electrolytic and for ready identification as to its source at any therefore conductors, and hence lower the elec time. This application is a division of my co- trical resisting properties of the varnished cam pending application, Serial No. 720,150. bric. l0 There has been a long felt need in the electrical Furthermore, the decomposition which the film 0. Cable business for a varnished cambric having goes through results in the production of a porous means for readily identifying the source of the structure which becomes capable of absorbing a Cambric or the cable manufacturer, and possess- large proportion of moisture and at the same time ing high dielectric strength, high insulation re- the film becomes brittle. Thus, the yellow var 15 sistance and a high dielectric constant, the said nish film is entirely of an oxidizing nature and 15 varnished cambric to have a low power factor, is continually tending to disintegrate. Although as Well as possessing great water resistance, heat the yellow varnish film is translucent and hence resistance and oil resistance. can be seen through for reading identifying in The principal object of the present invention is dicia on the cambric, yet, owing to the rapid 20 to provide a novel varnished cambric having the deterioration of this film and to its relatively 20 above recited desirable qualities, the warnish film poor insulating qualities, the same does not rate of the cambric being translucent so that identi as a high grade insulating material. fying indicia or other markings on the cambric Black warnished cambrics are made by coating are easily legible. cambric with an insulating varnish composed of 25 theAnother provision object of a ofvarnished the present cambric invention of the liesabove in combinationinert black non-oxidizing with drying oils.asphalts The and asphalts pitches and in character having a varnish film comprising trans- pitches are decidedly better insulators or dielec lucent asphaltic material in combination with trics than the yellow gums and resins or the dry linseed and China-Wood oils. ing oils themselves. The varnish films or coat 30 moreOther particularly objects of enumerated, this invention, will not be atclearly this time un- ingsand opaque,of these however, black varnished so it is impossible cambrics arefor blackiden a derstood from the following detailed description tifying indicia on the cambric to be seen through. of the same. the film. Furthermore, attempts to print or Warnished cambrics as heretofore manufac- otherwise mark identifying indicia on the outer 35 ontured their may color, be classified whether inyellow two classesor black. depending Yellow surfacemet with of failurethe varnished because film of theof the ease cambric with which have a varnished cambrics are quite generally made by such markings or indicia rub off in use. coating cambric with an all drying oil. In some The method of marking and warnishing my rare instances small amounts of gums and resins varnished cambric is clearly illustrated in the ac 40 are added to the drying oil, but such additions companying drawings, in which: 40 tend to make the warnish film brittle and hence Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a plant used for are seldom used. The drying oil used in produc- producing the varnished cambric of this inven ing yellow varnished cambrics is generally a com- tion. bination of China-wood oil and linseed oil and . Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along. 45 when these oils dry out and oxidize the film line 2-2 of Fig. 1. 45 formed goes through two phases. Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view During the first phase, i. e., when the warnish of the printed cambric. . is changing from a liquid to a solid, it is absorbing Fig. 4 is an enlarged view taken along line oxygen without the elimination of any other prod- 4-4 of Fig. 1. A. 50 lucts. If, after the warnish has cornpletely satu- Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view so rated itself with oxygen, the reaction ceased, it of the finished varnished Cambric, and Would be an ideal condition, but such is not the Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken along case for as long as the oxidized film is in contact line 6-6 of Fig. 1. with the air it continues to react with oxygen by Similar characters of reference are employed 55 taking on oxygen and splitting off radicals known in said views, to indicate corresponding parts. ... ss

2 2,090,898 In carrying out my invention, 1 print, stencil ible, durable and substantially transparent or otherwise mark the cambric or base cloth coating. with suitable identifying characters, such as the in producing the varnished cambric of this in trade-mark of the cable manufacturer or that of vention, a web (see Figs. 1 and 2) of cambric. is the varnished cambric manufacturer and then fed from a roll 2 is passed over a printing roll coat the printed cambric, with the novel varnish 3 that is supplied with ink as by an inking roll of this invention. In preparing this varnish I 4. The printing roll 3 serves to print the de use transparent or translucent material such as sired indicia 0 such as a trade name or manu intermediate grades of cottonseed oil pitch hav facturer's name on the web which web may be 10 ing a viscosity range of from 10 to 30 degrees a plain cambric, a colored cloth, or a fabric pro O . MacMicheal, i. e. when employing MacMicheal vided with a design or designs thereon. The viscometer and using a No. 27 wire and a two , thusly printed fabric is shown in Figs. 3 and 4. centimeter bob at 25 C., the cottonseed pitch After leaving the printing roll 3, the web f is having been thinned somewhat with a mineral passed through the novel varnish S of this in 15 spirit such as “Warnolene'. If desired, instead vention which varnish is contained in a pan 15 of using cottonseed oil pitch. I may use inseed mounted in a vertical heating tower, . If de oil pitch, fish oil pitch, wool wax pitch, wool oil, sired, the varnish may be further thinned by pitch, decolorized pitches such as those bleached use of "Warnolene' or any other mineral spirit with sulphur chloride, and various cashew shell such as naptha, benzene, toluol, benzol, xylol and 20 oil combinations. These pitches when cooked high flash naptha before passing the . Web 20 with oils into varnishes, produce a finished trans therethrough. After emerging from the varnish lucent or substantially transparent product vary 5, the web passes upwardly within the vertical ing in color from a dark yellow to a deep brown heating tower 7, the air within which is main and in some instances to a reddish brown. 25 tained at a temperature of from 280° to 230 F. As an example of the novel varnish employed as by heating coils . The web is shown passing 25 in/the present invention, the following ingre over a roll 2 at the top of tower T and then dients are used in the percentages given by downwardly through more varnish 5 contained Weight:- ...... within a second pan 6'. From the pan the web Percent passes upwardly and over a roll 3 at the top 30 by of the tower and then downwardly and out of 30 weight the tower. Within the tower T the solvent is Cotton oil pitch (viscosity range of from 10 driven off of the Warnished cambric and the var to 30 MacMicheal)------17.6 nish is oxidized and polymerized. After leaving 35 Linseed oil------4.0 the tower 7, the varnished web f, having the China-Wood oil------19.4 varnished film or coating fl on its outer surface, Litharge------... 5 is rolled on a roll 9. Manganese resinate ------1.2 Although in Fig. 1, I have shown the web as dipped but twice, Ordinarily the web would be Mineral spirit ("Varnolene')------57.3 dipped three, four or even more times to build 40. In producing the varnish Imix 200 lbs. cotton up the desired thickness of film , and after 40 seed oil pitch (60% solid and 40% mineral spirit, each dip the Web is dried within the heating viscosity range from 10° to 30 MacMicheal, i. e. tower. Thus, for a 12 mill finished product, by MacMicheal viscometer using a No. 27 wire using a 4% mill cloth, the web will be dipped and a two centimeter bob at 25° C) with 6 gallons four times, having the varnish at about 30°. 45 of linseed oil and heat the mixture to approxi Baumé for the first coat and 35 Baumé for the mately 600°F. This hot mixture is kept at 600° Subsequent coats, using "Warnolene' as a solvent 45 F. for from one to two hours during which period for thinning. If desired, instead of dipping the polymerization and some oxidation takes place, fabric, the warnish may be sprayed, brushed or thereby increasing the viscosity of the mixture roller coated thereon. 50 and giving the same the desired body. During The varnished cambric thus produced has ex ... this heating period, the mixture may be blown ceptionally high insulating qualities and the with either air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide translucent Or substantially transparent film or thereby hastening polymerization, although such coating enables the indicia to be readily blowing is not necessary. legible as illustrated in Fig. 5. Tests show that Six pounds of litharge serving as a drier is the dielectric strength of this novel warnished then added and mixed thoroughly into the hot Cambric to be 20 to 30% higher than yellow var 55 pitch-oil mixture. Twenty gallons of China nished cambrics and the insulation resistance at wood oil is also added with stirring. The cold room temperature is 10 or substantially one China-wood oil will cause the temperature of the thousand times as great as that of yellow war 60 pitch-oil-litharge mixture to drop considerably nished Cambrics. At 100 C. the insulation re so the mixture is then heated somewhat to bring sistance is 10 times that of the yellow. The di its temperature up to approximately 540° F., electric constant of this novel varnished can after which the mixture is chilled by adding. bric is approximately 4 as compared to 5% to 6 thereto 8 more gallons of China-Wood oil and for yellow varnished cambric. At room tem then held for body at 450° F., after which 14 lbs. perature, the power factor of my varnished cam of manganese resinate serving as a drier is bric is of the magnitude of about 3%% as com stirred into the mixture. The warnish base thus pared to 10 to 12% for yellow varnished cambric. formed is allowed to cool somewhat and when at At 60'. C. the power factor of my varnished cam a temperature of from 300 to 350 F. the same bric is of the magnitude of 4 to 5% as compared is thinned with 100 gallons of "varnolene" (a with 30% for yellow varnished cambric, while petroleum hydrocarbon or mineral spirit having at 80 C. the power factor of my cambric is 5 70 a distillation range of 310° to 420 F). The novel varnish is now complete and is of brownish to 7% as compared to 70 to 90% for yellow var color and when applied in the form of a film and nished cambric. My varnished cambric also is allowed to dry the same forms a smooth, flex shows superiority over yellow varnished cambric as to water and heat resistance. After 24 hrs, of 75

2,090,828 3 immersion in water the yellow varnished cambric For example, I may add quantities of the follow will have absorbed 12 to 15% of its volume of ing oils, namely perilla oil, soya bean oil, cot water and its dielectric strength will be reduced tOnseed oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil, paraffin oils and about 60%, whereas my Cambric after a like im higher grease oils. mersion will absorb but 4 to 5% of its volume of As many changes could be made in the above Water and its dielectric reduced but 30 to 40%. construction and many apparently widely differ Black warnished cambrics as heretofore pro ent embodiments of this invention could be made duced have higher insulating properties than without departing from the scope thereof, as de the yellow warnished cambrics, but since these fined by the following claims, it is intended that 10 black varnished cambrics have opaque films they all matter contained in the above description 10 are not suitable for my purpose where a Sub or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be stantially transparent film is desired in order to interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting read indicia on the web or cambric and hence I Sense. have made no comparison between the insulating I claim:- 5 properties of black varnished cambrics and my 1. A varnished cambric comprising, a base 5 varnished cambric. cloth having indicia marked thereon and a sub The cottonseed oil pitch ingredient of my stantially transparent varnish overlying said base varnish composition serves to stabilize the lin cloth and said indicia, whereby said indicia may seed oil and the China-wood oil and effectively be seen through said varnish, said warnish con 20 prevents these ingredients from excessive oxida stituting a combination of a drying oil and a 20 tion. It appears that the pitch serves as a matrix Substantially transparent vegetable oil pitch, said for surrounding the oxidizing oils, i.e. linseed and varnish having high insulating efficiency. China-wood oil, so that these oils do not come 2. A varnished cambric comprising, a base into contact with sufficient oxygen to produce ex cloth having indicia marked thereon and a sub 25 cessive oxidation. stantially transparent varnish overlying said base 25 It will be understood that some variation may cloth and said indicia, whereby said indicia may be made in the relative percentage of the Several be seen through Said varnish, said varnish com ingredients of my varnish composition while still prising a drying animal oil and a substantially retaining the high insulating qualities of the transparent pitch, said pitch serving as a matrix 30 same and the same transparency or translucency for the drying oil. 30 whereby the indicia O may be read. The per 3. A varnished Cambric comprising, a base centages of the oils should not be unduly in cloth having indicia marked thereon and a sub creased, however, because they will then decrease stantially transparent varnish overlying said the electrical resisting properties of the varnish base cloth and Said indicia, whereby said indicia 35 and render it less moisture proof. Too much may be seen through said varnish, said varnish 35 pitch on the other hand will decrease the flexi comprising a mixture of linseed oil and China bility of the film and will lower its resistance to Wood oil as a drying oil and substantially trans oil solubility (i. e. transformer oil for example). parent cottonseed oil pitch, said pitch serving as If desired, instead of using cottonseed oil pitch a matrix for the drying oil. 40 I may use linseed oil pitch, fish oil pitch, wool 4. In a varnished cambric having a base cloth 40 wax pitch, wool oil pitch, decolorized pitches such provided with markings thereon, a substantially as those bleached with sulphur chloride and transparent varnish film overlying said base cashew shell oil combinations. These pitches cloth and said indicia, said varnish film com should be thinned, if necessary, so as to have prising a mixture of linseed oil and China-wood 45 substantially the same viscosity range as that of oil as a drying oil and a substantially trans 45 the cottonseed oil pitch. parent cottonseed oil pitch having a viscosity It is to be understood that I may use quantities range of from 10 to 30 percent MacMicheal and of other oils partly in lieu of or in addition to the serving as a matrix for the drying oil. linseed oil and China-wood oil in my varnish. FREDERCK, M, DAMITZ.