Zwervend Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales
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Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Brunnera Cultivars Offer Phenomenal Foliage and Delightful Flowers
PLANT- TRIAL Results Kick off the season with this shady star The best brunnera cultivars offer phenomenal foliage and delightful flowers BY RICHARD HAWKE ood ol’ brunnera, with its cheery forget-me-not–like flowers, is experiencing a renaissance, of sorts— The expert Gcaptivating gardeners in recent years with a bevy of new varieties that have incredibly colorful foliage. I hon- estly could be happy with the month or two of pretty blue flowers in spring and just let the standard green foliage fade into the background for the rest of summer. As it turns out, though, I can have my cake and eat it, too, due to some var- iegated selections that look fabulous after the flowers pass. At a glance You’ll find brunneras (Brunnera macrophylla and cvs., WHAT: Brunnera is a USDA Hardiness Zones 3–7) at the nursery under a lot of Richard Hawke slowly spreading, rhi- has been the plant- different names, including Siberian bugloss, heartleaf brun- zomatous perennial, evaluation manager native to woodland nera, and false forget-me-not—the latter of which I prefer as at the Chicago areas. It’s prized for it’s a nod to the true forget-me-not (Myosotis spp. and cvs., Botanic Garden (CBG) its sprays of spring Zones 4–9), which brunnera’s flowers resemble. Beginning in in Glencoe, Illinois, for flowers and its heart- early spring, sprays of dainty flowers unfurl above the brun- 16 years. Before that, shaped leaves. Short he spent 13 years as in stature, this plant nera plants for a month or more. -
Pollination in New Zealand
2.11 POLLINATION IN NEW ZEALAND POLLINATION IN NEW ZEALAND Linda E. Newstrom-Lloyd Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand ABSTRACT: Pollination by animals is a crucial ecosystem service. It underpins New Zealand’s agriculture-dependent economy yet has hitherto received little attention from a commercial perspective except where pollination clearly limits crop yield. In part this has been because background pollination by feral honey bees (Apis mellifera) and other unmanaged non-Apis pollinators has been adequate. However, as pollinators decline throughout the world, the consequences for food production and national economies have led to increasing research on how to prevent further declines and restore pollination services. In New Zealand, managed honey bees are the most important pollinators of most commercial crops including pasture legumes, but introduced bumble bees can be more important in some crops and are increasingly being used as managed colonies. In addition, New Zealand has several other introduced bees and a range of solitary native bees, some of which offer prospects for development as managed colonies. Diverse other insects and some vertebrates also contribute to background pollination in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. However, New Zealand’s depend- ence on managed honey bees makes it vulnerable to four major threats facing these bees: diseases, pesticides, a limited genetic base for breeding varroa-resistant bees, and declining fl oral resources. To address the fourth threat, a preliminary list of bee forage plants has been developed and published online. This lists species suitable for planting to provide abundant nectar and high-quality pollen during critical seasons. -
Collections Policy
Chicago Botanic Garden COLLECTIONS POLICY 1 Collections Policy July 2018 2 COLLECTIONS POLICY TABLE OF CONTENTS Mission Statement ................................................................................................................... 1 Intent of Collections Policy Document ..................................................................................... 1 Purpose of Collections .............................................................................................................. 1 Scope of Collections ................................................................................................................. 1 1) Display Plant Collections .......................................................................................... 2 Seasonal Display Collections ........................................................................... 2 Permanent Display Gardens ............................................................................ 2 Aquatic Garden ................................................................................... 2 Bonsai Collection ................................................................................. 3 Graham Bulb Garden .......................................................................... 3 Grunsfeld Children’s Growing Garden ................................................. 3 Circle Garden ....................................................................................... 3 Kleinman Family Cove ........................................................................ -
Vascular Plant Species of the Cayuga Region of New York State F
Vascular Plant Species of the Cayuga Region of New York State F. Robert Wesley, Sana Gardescu, and P. L. Marks © 2008 Cornell Plantations (first author); Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (other authors), Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853. This species list is available online. Search for "Wesley" at: <http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/browse-author> For more details and a summary of the patterns found in the data, see the Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society for an article based on this species list, published in 2008, entitled "The vascular plant diversity of the Finger Lakes region of central New York State: changes in the 1800s and 1900s," by P.L. Marks, F.R. Wesley, & S. Gardescu. For a link to the Journal's 2008 issues and abstracts, go to: <http://www.torreybotanical.org/journal.html> The following list of vascular plants includes native and non-native species that occur in a multi-county area in central New York State (see map below). We have called this the "Cayuga Region," as it includes the "Cayuga Quadrangle" of the flora of Clausen (1949) and the "Cayuga Lake Basin" of earlier floras (Dudley 1886, Wiegand & Eames 1926). A single set of modern species concepts was used, to correct for variations in nomenclature among the floras. Species found only under cultivation are not included. SPECIES NAMES are in alphabetical order, within major group. NATIVE/NOT is with respect to the Cayuga Region. For non-natives, WHEN HERE is the year by which the species had first established i the region, based on the floras of Dudley (1886), Wiegand & Eames (1926), Clausen (1949), and Wesley (2005; unpublished). -
1992 New Zealand Botanical Society President: Dr Eric Godley Secretary/Treasurer: Anthony Wright
NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER NUMBER 28 JUNE 1992 New Zealand Botanical Society President: Dr Eric Godley Secretary/Treasurer: Anthony Wright Committee: Sarah Beadel, Ewen Cameron, Colin Webb, Carol West Address: New Zealand Botanical Society C/- Auckland Institute & Museum Private Bag 92018 AUCKLAND Subscriptions The 1992 ordinary and institutional subs are $14 (reduced to $10 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). The 1992 student sub, available to full-time students, is $7 (reduced to $5 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). Back issues of the Newsletter are available at $2.50 each - from Number 1 (August 1985) to Number 28 (June 1992). Since 1986 the Newsletter has appeared quarterly in March, June, September and December. New subscriptions are always welcome and these, together with back issue orders, should be sent to the Secretary/Treasurer (address above). Subscriptions are due by 28 February of each year for that calendar year. Existing subscribers are sent an invoice with the December Newsletter for the next year's subscription which offers a reduction if this is paid by the due date. If you are in arrears with your subscription a reminder notice comes attached to each issue of the Newsletter. Deadline for next issue The deadline for the September 1992 issue (Number 29) is 28 August 1992. Please forward contributions to: Ewen Cameron, Editor NZ Botanical Society Newsletter C/- Auckland Institute & Museum Private Bag 92018 AUCKLAND Cover illustration Mawhai (Sicyos australis) in the Cucurbitaceae. Drawn by Joanna Liddiard from a fresh vegetative specimen from Mangere, Auckland; flowering material from Cuvier Island herbarium specimen (AK 153760) and the close-up of the spine from West Island, Three Kings Islands herbarium specimen (AK 162592). -
RESEARCH Patterns of Woody Plant Epiphytism on Tree Ferns in New
BrockNew Zealand & Burns: Journal Woody of epiphytes Ecology (2021)of tree 45(1):ferns 3433 © 2021 New Zealand Ecological Society. 1 RESEARCH Patterns of woody plant epiphytism on tree ferns in New Zealand James M. R. Brock*1 and Bruce R. Burns1 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand *Author for correspondence (Email: [email protected]) Published online: 13 January 2021 Abstract: Tree fern trunks provide establishment surfaces and habitat for a range of plant taxa including many understorey shrubs and canopy trees. The importance of these habitats for augmenting forest biodiversity and woody plant regeneration processes has been the subject of conjecture but has not been robustly assessed. We undertook a latitudinal study of the woody epiphytes and hemiepiphytes of two species of tree ferns (Cyathea smithii, Dicksonia squarrosa) at seven sites throughout New Zealand to determine (1) compositional variation with survey area, host identity, and tree fern size, and (2) the frequency of woody epiphyte and hemiepiphyte occurrence, in particular that of mature individuals. We recorded 3441 individuals of 61 species of woody epiphyte and hemiepiphyte on 700 tree ferns across the seven survey areas. All were facultative or accidental, with many species only ever recorded as seedlings. Epiphyte composition varied latitudinally in response to regional species pools; only two species occurred as woody epiphytes at every survey area: Coprosma grandifolia and Schefflera digitata. Five woody epiphyte species exhibited an apparent host preference to one of the two tree fern species surveyed, and trunk diameter and height were strong predictors of woody epiphyte and hemiepiphyte richness and diversity. -
Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa
Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence. -
A Comparative Study of Lady Ferns and Japanese Painted Ferns (Athyrium Spp.)
Plant Evaluation Notes Issue 39, 2015 A Comparative Study of Lady Ferns and Japanese Painted Ferns (Athyrium spp.) Richard G. Hawke, Plant Evaluation Manager and Associate Scientist Photo by Richard Hawke Athyrium filix-femina Lady ferns and Japanese painted ferns of the wood fern family (Dryopteridaceae) Japanese painted ferns has spawned an (Athyrium spp.) are among the most elegant and just a few of the nearly 200 species array of new colorful cultivars as well as a yet utilitarian plants for the shade garden. native to temperate and tropical regions few exceptional hybrids with the common Their lacy fronds arch and twist in a graceful worldwide. The common lady fern lady fern. manner, being both structural and ethereal (A. filix-femina) is a circumglobal species at the same time. Ferns stand on their found in moist woodlands, meadows, While common botanical terms such as foliar merits alone, having no flowers to and ravines throughout North America, leaf, stem, and midrib can be used to overshadow their feathery foliage. The lush Europe, and Asia, and is represented in describe fern foliage, specialized terminology green fronds of lady ferns are in marked gardens by a plethora of cultivars—many of further defines fern morphology. The fern contrast to the sage green, silver, and the oldest forms originated in England leaf or frond is composed of the stipe burgundy tones of the colorful Japanese during the Victorian era. Eared lady fern (stem), blade (leaf), rachis (midrib), and painted ferns. The delicate quality of their (A. otophorum) and Japanese lady fern pinna (leaflet). Crosier or fiddlehead fronds belies their stoutness—they are (A. -
Multivariate Analysis of Pollen Frequency of the Native Species Escallonia Pulverulenta (Saxifragaceae) in Chilean Honeys Gloria Montenegro1,2, Raúl C
Revista Brasil. Bot., V.33, n.4, p.615-630, out.-dec. 2010 Multivariate analysis of pollen frequency of the native species Escallonia pulverulenta (Saxifragaceae) in Chilean honeys GLORIA MONTENEGRO1,2, RAÚL C. PEÑA and RODRIGO PIZARRO1 (received: July 04, 2007; accepted: October 14, 2010) ABSTRACT – (Multivariate analysis of pollen frequency of the native species Escallonia pulverulenta (Saxifragaceae) in Chilean honeys). The aim of this work was the identification of geographic zones suitable for the production of honeys in which pollen grains of Escallonia pulverulenta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. (Saxifragaceae) can be detected. The analysis of botanical origin of 240 honey samples produced between La Serena and Puerto Mont (the IV and X Administrative Regions of Chile), allowed the detection of pollen grains of E. pulverulenta in 46 Chilean honeys. The geographic distribution of the honeys studied is presented together with their affinities, through factor analysis and frequency tables. The study was based on the presence of E. pulverulenta pollen. Escallonia pulverulenta pollen percentages oscillated between 0.24% and 78.5%. Seventeen of the studied samples were designated as unifloral –i.e. samples showing more than 45% pollen of a determined plant species. Two of these corresponded to E. pulverulenta (corontillo, madroño or barraco) honeys. The remaining unifloral honeys correspond to 8 samples of Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr (birdsfoot trefoil), 2 samples of Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (maqui) and 1 sample of Escallonia rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. (siete camisas), Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. (ulmo or muemo), Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. (tineo), Rubus ulmifolius Schott (blackberry) and Brassica rapa L. (turnip). Honeys with different percentages of E. -
An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials This Page Intentionally Left Blank an Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials
An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials This page intentionally left blank An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials W. George Schmid Timber Press Portland • Cambridge All photographs are by the author unless otherwise noted. Copyright © 2002 by W. George Schmid. All rights reserved. Published in 2002 by Timber Press, Inc. Timber Press The Haseltine Building 2 Station Road 133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450 Swavesey Portland, Oregon 97204, U.S.A. Cambridge CB4 5QJ, U.K. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 Printed in Hong Kong Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmid, Wolfram George. An encyclopedia of shade perennials / W. George Schmid. p. cm. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 1. Perennials—Encyclopedias. 2. Shade-tolerant plants—Encyclopedias. I. Title. SB434 .S297 2002 635.9′32′03—dc21 2002020456 I dedicate this book to the greatest treasure in my life, my family: Hildegarde, my wife, friend, and supporter for over half a century, and my children, Michael, Henry, Hildegarde, Wilhelmina, and Siegfried, who with their mates have given us ten grandchildren whose eyes not only see but also appreciate nature’s riches. Their combined love and encouragement made this book possible. This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword by Allan M. Armitage 9 Acknowledgments 10 Part 1. The Shady Garden 11 1. A Personal Outlook 13 2. Fated Shade 17 3. Practical Thoughts 27 4. Plants Assigned 45 Part 2. Perennials for the Shady Garden A–Z 55 Plant Sources 339 U.S. Department of Agriculture Hardiness Zone Map 342 Index of Plant Names 343 Color photographs follow page 176 7 This page intentionally left blank Foreword As I read George Schmid’s book, I am reminded that all gardeners are kindred in spirit and that— regardless of their roots or knowledge—the gardening they do and the gardens they create are always personal.