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{Adaptive Technologies} FMSO.LEAVENWORTH.ARMY.MIL/OEWATCH Vol. 5 Issue #03 March 2015 Foreign Military Studies Office OEWATCH FOREIGN NEWS & PERSPECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT Special Look: {Adaptive Technologies} Special Essay: Growing Military Relations between Russia and Nicaragua TURKEY INDO-PACIFIC ASIA RUSSIA 3 Turkey to Establish Space Agency 27 President Obama attends India Independence 51 Russia Considers Standardized Chassis for Most 4 Turkey’s Outreach to Latin America Day Tracked Vehicles 30 Thai Junta Longview for Governance 53 Technical Specifications of Russia’s T-14, MIDDLE EAST 31 Conflicts and Concerns between India and ‘Armata’ Chassied Tank 6 Khamenei Speaks on Nanotechnology China 54 Russia’s Counter to the Maydan Movement 7 Who in Iran is looking at On-line Geo-location and Color Revolutions Products for Surveillance? KOREA 55 Russia’s Growing Electronic Warfare Capabilities 8 Iran Launches Fourth Satellite 33 Rosy Russian View of North Korea 56 Putin’s Proposal for the EU to Join the Eurasian 9 Iran Exporting UAVs to “Friendly” Countries Economic Union 10 European Commission Accuses Algeria of CHINA 58 Calls in Armenia for Unification with Nagorno Embezzling Aid 35 Army Ground Unit Grows in Capability Karabakh 11 Iran Unveils New Hovercraft and Role Through Helicopter Innovations 59 The Kremlin’s Plans for Air Force Modernization: 12 Popular Mobilization Forces or Iraqi National 36 Energy and Environmental Projections through Reliance on Domestic Production Guard? 2020 in China 60 Russia Increasing Collaborative Efforts with 14 Ribat: Defending the Islamic State 38 PLA Advancements in 2014 CSTO Member Nations 15 The New and the Old in Syria’s Civil War 61 Open Source Center for Russian MoD CENTRAL ASIA 63 Modernization Challenges in Key Russian AFRICA 39 Will the Islamic State Come to Central Asia? Fighter 17 Ethiopia’s Defense Budget: The Seeming 40 Preventing Return: Tajikistan Grapples with 65 War Propaganda and Contract Soldiers Paradox of Low Expenditures and High Quality Returning Jihadists 66 A New Assault Rifle for Russian Forces 18 Add a New Use for Cell Phones...Stopping Ebola 41 Air Defense Upgrades in Uzbekistan and 67 Arctic Winter Live-Fire Exercises Tests Ground 19 For African Children Who Lost Limbs Turkmenistan Forces Equipment Serviceability ...Prosthetics through 3-D Printing 42 Tajiks in the Russian Armed Forces 68 Lightening the Soldier’s Load 20 Bows, Arrows, and the Battle against Boko 43 Islamic State Propaganda Videos for a Kazakh 70 Russian Naval Nuclear Submarine Fleet Haram Audience Prepares for Under-Ice Missions 21 Will Boko Haram Use Livestock Bombs? 71 Russia’s Navy Announces Effort to Develop 22 Chad’s Key to Success against Boko Haram: EUROPE Automated Naval Aviation Software Versatility 44 Switzerland 2015: Obligatory Emergency 72 Russia Develops another Electronic Warfare Provisions for Each Household Could Be Systems LATIN AMERICA Reintroduced 73 Another Science Company for Russia’s Military 23 The FARC Has Been Disappearing People for a 45 Ukrainians Improvise and Innovate Medical Long Time Care on the Battlefield SPECIAL ESSAY 24 2015 Venezuela This Year 47 Rocket Attacks Deep Within Ukraine-held 74 Growing Military Relations between Russia and 25 Peru Establishes Zones of Exclusion Territory on Eve of Minsk Talks Nicaragua to Combat Narco Flights from Bolivia 48 Transdniestria: The Next Donbas? 26 Saint Bernard Dogs Used as Drug Mules 49 German Law Could Increase Deportation of by Mexican Cartels Balkan Asylum Seekers 26 First Ever Cocaine Conversion Lab Dismantled 49 Violence over Kosovar Mining Ownership and in Spain Ethnic Insults 50 Russia and Serbia: Friends with Stipulations The Foreign Military Studies Office OE Watch (FMSO) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, Foreign News & Perspectives is part of the US Army Training and of the Operational Environment Doctrine Command G-2’s Operational Volume 5 | Issue 03 March | 2015 Environment Enterprise and for over 25 Regional Analysts and years has conducted open source research Expert Contributors on foreign perspectives of defense and security issues, emphasizing those topics Africa Robert Feldman that are understudied or unconsidered. Jacob Zenn Operational Environment Watch provides Middle East Michael Rubin translated selections and analysis from Lucas Winter a diverse range of foreign articles and Turkey Karen Kaya other media that our analysts and expert contributors believe will give military China, Korea Cindy Hurst and security professionals an added Youngjun Kim dimension to their critical thinking about Tim Thomas Jacob Zenn the Operational Environment. India, Southeast Asia Ivan Welch Mexico, South America Geoff Demarest Materials, outside of the original foreign press article, Brenda Fiegel under copyright have not been used. All articles published in the Operational Environment Watch are not provided Central Asia Michael Rose in full, and were originally published in foreign (non-US) Matthew Stein media. FMSO has provided some editing, format, and graphics Russia, Eastern Europe Chuck Bartles to these articles to conform to organizational standards. Anna Borshchevskaya Academic conventions, source referencing, and citation Christina Chadwick style are those of the author. Adam Croft The views expressed are those of the author and Ray Finch do not represent the official policy or position of the Les Grau Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the James Harvey US Government. Release of this information does not Alyssa Jackson imply any commitment or intent on the part of the US Emily Kangas government to provide any additional information on any topic presented herein. Editor-in-Chief Tom Wilhelm The Operational Environment Watch is archived and Editors Ray Finch available at: http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil. Harry Orenstein Design Editor Hommy Rosado Contact FMSO at: [email protected] TURKEY Turkey to Establish Space Agency 12 February 2015 “Turkey has completed preparations to establish a space agency similar to NASA in the United States and to the European Space Agency.” OE Watch Commentary: In the last few Source: “Yerli NASA kuruluyor: “Türk Uzay ve Havacılık Ajansı (A Domestic NASA is years Turkey has made important strides in being formed: “Turkey Space and Aviation Agency”),” Havadanhaber.com, 12 February the fields of space and aviation. It has recently 2015, http://www.havadanhaber.com/haber/534-teknoloji-yerli-nasa-kuruluyor-turk- announced plans to establish a Space Agency, uzay-ve-havacilik-ajansi.html similar to NASA and the European Space Agency, to have a centralized body which “Turkey has completed preparations to establish a space agency similar to NASA in the coordinates all space and aviation efforts under United States and to European Space Agency. The draft law that has been prepared for one roof. The accompanying passages from the Turkish press discuss the details of this plan. the establishment of a ‘Turkish Space and Aviation Agency”, which would be directly under the Prime Minister, is planned to pass in Parliament prior to the general elections As the first passage discusses, the Turkish [on June 7, 2015]. Space and Aviation Agency is planning to have five departments, one of which is to be allocated … to the military. The Agency is being established The Turkish Space and Aviation Agency will coordinate all space-related efforts in in the aftermath of previous space projects Turkey. The Agency is planned to have five departments, one of which is planned to such as the TÜRKSAT communications satellite be allocated to the military. The Agency is being established for projects that started (launched in June 2014) and the GÖKTÜRK-2 with the TÜRKSAT satellite and the military observation satellite. The agency aims observation satellite (launched in 2012). It aims to resolve the confusion of authority that arises to resolve the confusion of authority that arises from the fact that all the departments from the fact that all the departments concerned concerned with these projects are scattered among various government agencies and with these projects are scattered among various directorates. The draft bill is ready.” government agencies and directorates. The passage claims that the draft bill is ready to be submitted to the Cabinet for final approval, Source: “Türkiye’den Uzay Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı Adımı (Turkey’s Step [towards] a after which it would go to the Parliament for Space Forces Command),” Bugun.com.tr, 4 January 2015, http://www.bugun.com.tr/ further debate and voting. teknoloji/tskdan-yeni-bir-adim-haberi/1421413 The second passage discusses the military component of the initiative, which includes a The Turkish Armed Forces (TAF), who set out with the “concept of using space Space Roadmap and a Space Group Command. for peaceful and defense purposes” has prepared a Space Roadmap. The Roadmap With these initiatives the Turkish Armed includes the capability to identify a ballistic missile threat in advance and surveillance- Forces (TAF) hopes to improve its ability to reconnaissance to satisfy the need for visual intelligence. Another important project [in identify a ballistic missile threat in advance the Roadmap] is the Space Group Command. This Space Group Command is expected and to develop the TAF’s visual intelligence capabilities by utilizing the space dimension. to be structured by 2023 and aims to develop the TAF’s abilities by utilizing the space The third passage discusses that the goal is dimension.” to build Turkey’s first indigenous
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