Morphosyntactic Convergence and Integration in Finland Russian
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
LARISA LEISIÖ Morphosyntactic Convergence and Integration in Finland Russian University of Tampere Tampere 2001 Morphosyntactic Convergence and Integration in Finland Russian Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 795 ACADEMIC DISSERTATION University of Tampere, Department of Philology II, Slavonic Languages Finland Distribution University of Tampere Sales Office Tel. +358 3 215 6055 P. O. B o x 617 Fax +358 3 215 7150 33101 Tampere [email protected] Finland http://granum.uta.fi Cover design by Juha Siro Printed dissertation Electronic dissertation Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 795 Acta Electronica Universitatis Tamperensis 85 ISBN 951-44-5028-0 ISBN 951-44-5029-9 ISSN 1455-1616 ISSN 1456-954X http://acta.uta.fi Tampereen yliopistopaino Oy Juvenes Print Tampere 2001 LARISA LEISIÖ Morphosyntactic Convergence and Integration in Finland Russian ACADEMIC DISSERTATION to be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Tampere, for public discussion in the auditorium B 332, Pyynikintie 2, Tampere, on February 24th, 2001, at 12 o’clock. University of Tampere Tampere 2001 Mоим родителям, Людмиле Александровне и Геннадию Ивановичу Афониным ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research has developed slowly. In the beginning, the aim was to consider codeswitching in the data on the basis of ethnomethodological conversation analysis and theories on codeswitching. Fascinating papers by Peter Auer inspired me to research in this direction. For me, that part of the process was interesting and full of discoveries. My acquaintance with the data greatly advanced through profound detailed analyses of interactional episodes. However, I did not finish this process but, for many reasons, changed the topic. I am indebted to Professor Peter Auer, a patient reader of a great amount of text, for his support and critics. He also encouraged me to find a new direction with more specific aims. I thank my supervisor, Professor Marja Leinonen, for giving me the idea to use the field material collected by her research group and for her comments and advice. I am grateful to those researchers who recorded the data, and particularly to Sirpa Ahokas, who did the most of the interviews. I thank all the Finland Russians whom I met personally and also whose speaking I listened to on tapes. I am greatly indebted to Lidia Sergeevna Lempinen (née Sosunov) and Sinaida Mihailovna Krykov (née Tschernov), who put me in contact with many Kyyrölä people. I thank these two ladies for their warm-heartedness, encouraging friendliness and empathy, and for their pirogi s kapustoj, the best I have ever eaten. My friends and colleagues Tiina Harjula and Kaisa Alanen gave me their support and help. They improved the Finnish abstract of the dissertation, and Kaisa also checked the Finnish and Swedish parts of examples. Tiina Harjula assisted me a lot with computer operations. Friedrich Gunst provided me with a very important source. Native speakers of English, Dennis Estill and Stephen Evans, revised and polished the English of versions of my text. Virginia Mattila made a decisive brush-up of the present text. They were patient, friendly and attentive readers. I have learnt a lot from them about English. I am responsible for all stylistic and other slips and mistakes of the text. I am indebted to Professors Juha Janhunen and Helena Halmari for their comments on my dissertation, proposals for revisions and good will. They were great readers, and I will continue to take advantage of their advice in the near future. I am very grateful to University of Tampere Foundation for a year's stipend and to the Alfred Kordelin Foundation for a half-year grant. This material support was important for the research. My husband Timo Leisiö read all the versions of my text, supported, encouraged and helped me with all he could. He generously shared with me his experience and his optimistic worldview. My daughter Miila gave me her love and courage, firmly trusting that some day the work would be done and we would go to the Sirena Aquapark. CONTENTS 1. Preliminaries ................................................................................................ 15 1.1. General.................................................................................................. 15 1.1.2. The speakers .................................................................................. 16 1.1.3. Organisation of the study............................................................... 17 1.2. Methodology......................................................................................... 18 1.2.1. Conversation analysis .................................................................... 18 1.2.2. Terms and techniques .................................................................... 19 1.2.3. Previous research on diaspora Russians ........................................ 20 1.3. Historical background........................................................................... 20 1.3.1. Old Finland within Russia (1710-1809) ........................................ 20 1.3.2. Autonomous Finland (1809-1917) ................................................ 22 Russian merchants in autonomous Finland ......................................... 22 The Russian military in Finland .......................................................... 22 Summer residents on the Karelian Isthmus ......................................... 23 Raivola Russians.................................................................................. 24 1.3.3. Independent Finland (since 1917) ................................................. 24 'Russian' refugees: figures, ethnicity, status and attitude .................... 24 Associations. Social care and self-care................................................ 26 Earning money. Non-standard of living .............................................. 27 Cultural activity ................................................................................... 27 Schools................................................................................................. 28 Religion................................................................................................ 29 Language maintenance. Assimilation. Language shift........................ 30 1.3.4. The Kyyrölä Russians.................................................................... 32 Origin................................................................................................... 32 Occupation. Contacts outside the community ..................................... 33 Civic and other social activity. School ................................................ 34 Evacuation and the post-war period .................................................... 36 Language.............................................................................................. 37 Speech community status .................................................................... 38 1.4. The data ................................................................................................ 39 General................................................................................................. 39 Interview setting .................................................................................. 40 10 Previous research on Finland Russian..................................................41 The data sample of the present research: figures .................................42 1.5. Conventions...........................................................................................43 Transliterations.....................................................................................43 Translation principles...........................................................................44 Interviewers. Abbreviations .................................................................45 2. Past participle constructions in Kyyrölä Russian.........................................49 2.1. Theoretical part .....................................................................................49 2.1.2. The category of the perfect ............................................................49 2.1.2. The perfect in Finnish ....................................................................51 Structure ...............................................................................................51 The meaning of the Finnish perfect .....................................................52 The history............................................................................................53 2.1.3. The Swedish perfect and resultative ..............................................54 2.1.4. The Swedish and Finnish perfect in comparison ...........................55 2.1.5. Russian constructions comparable to the perfect...........................57 Standard Contemporary Russian..........................................................57 Russian dialects....................................................................................58 2.1.6. Language contact............................................................................61 Substrate ...............................................................................................61 Another diaspora in the adstratic contact.............................................62 Hypothesis............................................................................................62 2.2. Data analysis .........................................................................................63 2.2.1. The constructions with the past