WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED T H E IR O N A N D S T E E L T R A D E S J O U R N A L 1-17J . N O V E M B E R 9 , 1944 rS in g le C o p y 6d. B y Post 8d. I Annual Subscription. Home Registered at the C.P 0. as a Newspaper, Offices : 49, W ellington Street, Strand, London, W .C .2 Land Overseas, 21 /- (Prepaid.)
3ULDING PIG IRON JOHN A. SMEETON LTD. • HEMATITE , 76, Auckland Rd., London, S.E.IS • SPECIAL HEMATITE t j , • B A S I C Mallea le Trade] ‘COLLIN’ IMPROVED FOUNDRY LADLES ICHINE C° LTD SAND CAST or MACHINE CAST ‘PERFECT’ CHILLING SPIRALS Supplied by GUEST KEEN BALDWINS IRON & STEEL CO. LTD., PORT TALBOT, ENGLAND MANUFACTURED IN GREAT BRITAIN 1„RSHAM, KENT. Smeetolim, Westnor, London L IV 292! h i / f / . ¡ h
:D READY FOR USE AS REQUIRE!
I I O N (Mansfield) Si p. THO? W.WARD LTD.. head office:-Albion! Teieoiicne; SHEFFIELD 26511 (15lines) MANSFIELD I
THE ERITH RANGE OF SANDS IliDAYS & ONIONS LTD- Combine a variety of selected L-OAMS and S1L.1 CA SANDS of guaranteed quality, suitable for every appropriate foundry requirement. In all BIRMINGHAM II fundamental respects they are the outstanding sands for present-day practice, and are tried and proved by performance and results. Brer r I I-AI ILmn\# n Writevvrfle for Uiuscraieoillustrated Brochurearomu"? and Free Samples to : fcSl A B L I5 H E D > ^ S, S I ■EL FOUNDPiY P LA N T S j.parish&co.,erith,kent. Telephone No, : ERI"” I FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL NO VEM BER 9, 1944
CORE OIL COMPOUNDS I
MIXING TIME - -2 MIN. s í'ÍÍB é IÍÍ DISCHARGING TIME Vl MIN. ,
“ NEW-TYPE” FORDATH MIXERS are made in FIV E sizes, from 20 lbs. to I ton per batch.
SEND F O R . ILLUSTRATED BROCHURE ' THE FORDATH ENGINEERING C° I TEL EC R A M S TELE PHONE METALLICAL,West Bromwich WEST BROMWICH 0549 (z unes) HAMBLET WORKS WEST BROMWICH NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 3
B r it ish M o u l d in g M achine Co. L t d .
The fa ct that goods made of raw materials in short supply owing to war conditions are advertised In this paper should not be taken as an indication that they are necessarily available for export. FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O VEM BER 9, 1944
O n m y factory...
If only by easing the
burdens of labour, light alloys
will pay their way. Besides
this they will save power,
overcome corrosion. Used archi
tecturally they will symbolise
a better age when lightness and
cleanliness go with strength
and beauty. These, too, are
reasons why ‘ 1NTAL ’ are so
proud to be make rs o f
alu m in iu m alloys f o r every
conceivable purpose. NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 5
51 . . . for trial heats and experimental work . . .
the E F C O high frequency furnace . . . ideal for melting special heats of copper, alu minium, bronze, brass, iron, steel, nickel, silver, gold, platinum, iridium, palladium, rhodium, etc., etc.
Furnace Capacities : 4 ozs. to 40 lbs. Spark Gap Converters : 3 to 35 K.V.A. Electronic Equipment : 1 to 50 K.V.A. Motor Generator Sets : 10 to 45 K.W.
Larger sets for production output.
These furnaces may be used for melting in vacuo or under inert atmosphere, fu ll technical information from ; ELECTRIC FURNACE CO. LTD. t „ ' NETHERBY, QUEEN'S ROAD, WEYBRIDGE, SURREY Telephone: Weybrldge 3891 Telegrams: Eleetrifur Weybridge
Hi FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL NO VEM BER 9, 1944 NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 7
JRRR SQUEEZE STRIP
The Pneulec Jarr Squeeze Stripper is designed for pro duction work. Only a few jarrs are required to settle the sand, and the mould is then squeezed up hard against the crosshead. The pattern is withdrawn on the return down stroke, which demands accurate, rigid pattern equip ment. W e use long oversize pistons giving plenty of power and providing additional guide and support. The extra cost of this construction is justi fied, both by the speed of operation and the long accurate life of the machine. Please ask for illustrated folder. *
Built in England by PNEULEC LIMITED, SMETHWICK, Nr. BIRMINGHAM NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL
The war has given high-duty BRADLEY & FOSTER have iron castings an opportunity developed grades of pig iron treated by the Bradley spun- not only to play an important refining process and subject part in essential production to chemical analysis and but to demonstrate its poten mechanical tests at every stage tialities as a factor seriously of production which satisfy to be reckoned with in post specifications previously con war re-construction plans. It sidered to be outside the range of cast iron. We shall be glad has accelerated the pace of to discuss the application of research work on pig iron refined pig iron to the produc carried out by BRADLEY & tion of high-duty castings in FOSTER over a long period. your foundry.
BRADLEY & FOSTERltdI DARLASTON • SOUTH STAFFS
Spun-refined pig irons. Spun-refined alloy pig ¡rong ^ MAKERS OF Blended “ All Mine " pjg ¡ron High carbon steel pig iron { Fire-resisting pig iron. NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 9
“RAMOLITH” (REGISTERED) FOR LINING FURNACE DOORS NO BRICKS TO FALL OUT
T H O M A S E. GRAY & CO. LTD. GRANBY CHAMBERS, KETTERING
ESTABLISHED 1877. 10 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O VEM BER 9, 1944
BALLARD CON™ 0" ,S I
GAS OR COKE FIRED
UNIFORMITY OF BAKE ASSURED SAYING IN FLOOR SPACE CONTINUITY OF OPERATION NO ESCAPE OF FUMES INTO SHOP
We also manufacture Shelf Type, Drawer Type and Bogie Type Consult: F. J. BALLARD & CO., LTD. TIVIDALE • TIPTON r STAFFS. Illustration of Coke-üred Continuous Phone: TIPTON 1281-3. Core OveD
G A B R i E L & C ° - L td.
Telephone No. : BIRMINGHAM. Telegraphic Address : ASTON CROSS 0756/7/8 ■' GABRIEL, BIRMINGHAM BEG TO ADVISE THE ENGINEERING AND ALLIED TRADES THAT THEY ARE NOW IN A POSITION TO SUPPLY SMALL ALLOY STEEL CASTINGS (5 to 40 Lbs.) MAY WE RECEIVE YOUR ENQUIRIES ?
ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO THE REG. OFFICES, 4 & S, A. B. ROW, BIRMINGHAM r N O VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL II A new re-circulating FAN for HEAT TREATMENT FURNACES This new patented unit is a very strongly constructed propeller type fan for internal circulation of high temperature gases and air on various types of heat treatment furnaces. Constructed in sheet or cast metals, and expressly designed for handling extren cly high temperature gases.
FURNAC
If you are interested, we shall be pleased to send you full particulars.
KEITH BLACKMAN LTD., MILL MEAD ROAD, LONDON, N.I7. TOTTENHAM 4522. TA. : ” KEITH BLAC PHONE LONDON.”
STEIN & ATKINSON LTD- 47, WOLSEY ROAD, EAST MOLESEY, SURREY. TELEPHONES: Telegram i i MOLESEY 3111-2 M ETASTEIN A. PHONE. LONDON N O VEM BER 9, 1944 12 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL
SCREENARATOR FOR RAPID SAND C O N D ITIO N IN G
KNOCK-OUT BAR FOR, SMALL MOULDS "S A N D DISCHARGE SPOÜT (ANGLE ADJUSTABLE)
\ PUSH BUTTON “I SW IT C H
FEEDING HOPPER IMPELLER CASING D U ST P R O O F
★ Powerful gyro-reciprocating motion of riddle.
★ Driving gear totally enclosed.
★ Sturdy construction throughout.
★ Push button electric control.
★ Cleans, aerates, and delivers sand clear of machine.
★ An efficient labour-saving unit.
FOUNDRY PLANT & MACHINERY LTD. 13 wglS J ST NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 13
BRITISH INSULATED CABLES LTD. PRESCOT — LANCS. Telephone PRESCOT 6S71.
Selected high grade raw material and careful technical control at all stages of manu facture from the mine to the loading bank ensure the con sistent high quality of NETTLE (42/44% Alumina) Firebrick.
CREOSOTE-PITCH FIRING: A number of firms adopting this fuel have encountered new Refractory Problems caused by Corrosion and Vitrification Spalling. But. if a suitable design of burner is used, the trouble can usually be overcome by using a High Alumina Firebrick such as NETTLE—a point phoved by the practical experience of several customers. An additional protection to the brickwork by washcoating with Maksiccar II or Stein Sllllmanite Cement will often be found economic. Further information will be gladly supplied on request. 14 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O VEM BER 9, I9 You can have It both ways! There is something to be said for the conservative method of manufacturing pig iron with plenty of limestone in the charge— it does keep down the sulphur content of the iron. There is a lot more to be said for the modern tendency to operate the blast furnace with a leaner burden and thus increase output — maximum iron production needs no brief in these days. No, we are not overlooking the resulting additional sulphur pick-up, but you can — if you treat the iron in the ladle with Sodium Carbonate. In the case of most grades of cast iron, treatment in the ladle with 1% dense sodium carbonate removes 50% of the sulphur present in the metal. Simple, effective, economically increased output. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITtu NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 15 1 - f l\l'; ÏoJtIup l y Established 1902 in H1.U.M Iron, Steel and Brass WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED T H E IR O N AN D ST EEL TRADES JO U R N A L 49, Wellington Street, London, W .C JL W A RTIM E ADDRESS to which all communications should be sent I— Foundry Melting Equip 3, Ameraham Road, HIGH W YCOMBE, Bucks, 'Grams I “ Zacatecas, High Wycombe." 'Pho ne i H IG H W Y C O M B E 1792 (3 lines). ments are our Speciality PUBLISHED WEEKLY i 21s. per annum (Home and Overseai) OFFICIAL ORGAN OF i COUNCIL OF IRONFOUNDRY ASSOCIATIONS Chilrman i FltzHerbert Wright, The Butterley Company, Ripley, near Derby. Secretary i V. Delport, 2, Caxton Street, Westminster. S.W.I. Participating Associations I British Bath Manufacturers' Association British Ironfounders’ Association ; British Malleable Tube Fittings Association; Cast Iron Axlebox Association ; Cast Iron Chair Associa tion ; Cast Iron Heating. Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers' Association ; Cast Iron Segment Association ; Greensand Pipe Founders'Association of Scotland; Ironfounders’ National Confederation ; National Associa tion of Malleable Ironfounders ; National Ingot Mould Association ; National Ironfounding Employers’ Federation Association of Auto mobile and Allied High Duty Ironfounders; British Cast Iron Research Association (affiliated): British Grit Association (affiliated); Flushing Cistern Makers’ Association (affiliated) ; Institute of British Foundrymen (affiliated). ______INSTITUTF OF BRITISH FOUNDRYMEN PRESIDENT, 1944-45 : John W . Gardom, Ripley Derbyshire. General Secretary i T. Makemson. Acting Secretary, J. Bolton Saint John Street Chambers, Deansgate, Manchester 3. BRANCHES Birmingham, Coventry and West Midlands i A. A. Timmins, F.I.C. 33. Carters Lane, Quinton. Bristol and West of England: A. Hares, 20, Greenbank Road, Hanham, Bristol. E. Midlands I S. A. Horton "Three,’’ Mostyn Avenue, Llttleover, Derby. Lancs t H. Buck ley. Ellesmere, Norfolk Avenue, Burnley. London i V. C. Faulkner, 3, Amersham Road, High Wycombe. Middlesbrough (pro tem.) i J. K. Smithson, North-Eastern Iron Refining Company, Limited, Stilllngton, Stockton-on-Tees. Newcastle-upon-Tyne i C. Lashly, Sir W . G. Arm strong, Whitworth & Co. (Ironfounders), Ltd., Close Works, Gateshead Scottish i J. Bell, 60, St. Enoch Square, Glasgow. Sheffield : T . R. Wal ker, M.A., English Steel Corporation, Ltd., Sheffield. Wales and Monmouth i A. S. Wall, 14, Palace Avenue, Llandaff, Cardiff. West Riding of Yorkshire : Douglas Jepson, M.Sc., 9, Ambleside Avenue, Bradford. South Africa : B. P. Skok, Mutual Building, Johannesburg. SECTIONS Burnley! H. Buckley, Ellesmere, Norfolk Avenue, Burnley, Lancs. Cape Town: K. ZwanzLer, P.O. Box 346, Cape Town, S. Africa. East Anglian i A. N. Sumner, 516, Norwich Road, Ipswich Falkirk: T. R. Goodwin. " Vlewfield," Falkirk Road, Bonnybridge. Lincoln i E. R. W alter, Ph.D., The Technical College, Lincoln. CUPOLAS, STEEL CONVERTERS, CRUCIBLE ASSOCIATION OF BRONZE AND BRASS FOUNDERS AND NON-CRUCIBLE FURNACES, CUPOLA President : H. BlsselJ, J. Stone & Co., Ltd., London. Secretaries: Heathcote & Coleman, 25, Bennetts Hill, Birmingham, 2 CHARGING MACHINES, HOISTS, MOTOR FANS, LADLES, SAND MILLS AND SIFTERS, THE INSTITUTE OF VITREOUS ENAMELLERS President i W . H. Whittle, W . H. Whittle, Limited, Eccles, near RUMBLERS, PIG IRON BREAKING MACHINES, Manchester. Chairman i W . Todd, Parkinson Stove Co.. Ltd., Stech- ford, Birmingham. Hon. Sec. i W . Thomas, A.I.C., Bank House, High ROTARY CORE MACHINES, ETC. Street, Rickmansworth, Herts. FOUNDRY TRADES' EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES ASSOCIATION President: D. Cherry Paterson, M.I Mech.E., Bedford House, Bed ford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2. Honorary Secretary : K. W. GEORGE GREEN & CO. Bridges. Assistant Secretary : Miss L. Cox , 52, Surbiton H ill Park, Surbiton, Surrey. Foundry Equipment Engineers & Contractors WELSH ENGINEERS’ AND FOUNDERS' ASSOCIATION KEIGHLEY, YORKS. President i W . E. Clement, C.B.E., Morfa Foundry, New Dock, Llanelly Secretary i J- D. D. Davis, I, St. James Gardens, Swansea. (Established 1900) T e l e g r a m s : “ Cupola,” Keighley. Telephone : 2518 Keighley. BRITISH CAST IRON RESEARCH ASSOCIATION Alvechurch, Birmingham. 'Phone and 'Grams : Reddltch 716. Scottish Laboratories!—Foundry Technical institute,Meek's Road, Falkirk. (Phone I 33Zf 16 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O V EM BER 9, 1944 The need for all possible conservation of man power ; the demand for the maximum output of vital cast metallic products ; the insistence upon the lowest cost of produc tio n ; and the necessity of maintaining, and even improving, the quality of those products. All these conditions combine to point to the only satisfactory solution to all these problems— MECHANISATION but it must be mechanisation particularly considered, designed and adapted to the individual site conditions; to the particular product; and with full regard to a ll th e factors, economic, geographical and human, which may have any bearing on the problem. In other words consult:— “ The Specialists in Foundry Mechanisation" whose products " Set the Standard by which Foundry Plant is judged LIMITED 'Phones : 61247 &. 8 HALIFAX, ENGLAND ’Gram s : August, Halifax Sole Licensees and manufacturers for British Empire (excluding C anada) of the Simpson Sand Mixer Foundry Trade Journal, Sorember 9, 1944 established 1902 M l l r H E f WITH WNKH S m covoum THE IKON AND STEEL TRADES JOURNAL Vol. 74 Thursday, November 9, 1944 No. 1473 tions of trade associations. They are so complete The Future for Trade Associations that they should be the basis of their Articles We would like to see every foundry owner in of Association. They number 12, and each one possession of “ The Organisation of British In could very well carry a sub-committee to see that dustry,” which is a Report just issued by a Com each function is properly performed. Where an mittee of the Federation of British industries, association is too small to carry out a prescribed because it clears up so many misconceptions held function, then it should associate itself with a by the innate individualist. Moreover, it is the group of others similarly placed for joint action. most forward-looking document as to the direc The 12 Committees might carry the following tions which post-war business will take that we titles:—Policy (for treating with Government have so far encountered. Everybody now is committees); Co-ordination (for negotiations wit! thinking about decontrol; it is realised that the other organised activities); Production (to align solution of this difficult problem will have, for production with consumption); Fair Trading; Inter good or ill, far-reaching effects. It seems to us national Relations (to treat with opposite numbers that the Government departments will be able to abroad); Statistical; Costing; Export; Propaganda; liquidate the controls both quicker and more Research; Education; and Commercial Develop efficiently if they can deal with really representa ment (standardisation, design, etc.). The organisa tive trade associations than with numberless indi tion of such Committees would help to maintain vidual firms. interest in the Associations by spreading the work The Report confirms what we have already over a larger number of members, or if the found in practice, and that is the Export Groups Association be too small, a request that a repre cannot usefully continue to be divorced from the sentative be appointed to the committee of an activities of the corresponding trade association allied association; a co-operative research organisa Yet under existing conditions there remains the tion or a technical institute would rarely be difficulty that whilst the latter is obviously selec refused. The main factor is that not one of these tive as to membership, the former are by law open functions should be neglected. to any firm prepared to pay the fees in vogue. We want every small foundry' owner to associate The advice of the Report is “ The course to himself with the trade associations and to make be pursued should be that where trade associations himself heard. He has his special problems which exist their functions should be extended to cover any well organised association is capable of solving. those of thé corresponding export groups, as the If, as we believe, trade associations will be accorded Government recognition, there will be an latter are not fitted to deal with the work of onus imposed upon them to make the industry con trade associations.” cerned truly efficient, and this can only be attained An excellent piece of advice is given as to the by giving added attention to the smaller units. main objective for trade associations, which in short is—give service to the consumer of your products, plus an equal service to the nation at Contents large. The second function is nowadays made The Future of Trade Associations, 191.—Notes from the B ran c h es, 192.—I n s titu te C a len d ar, 192.—T he M echanised P ro possible as so many Government departments— duction of Aluminium Gravity Die-Castings for the Merlin though not all—prefer to deal with trade associa- E n g in e , 193.—R e in sta te m e n t in C ivil E m p lo y m en t, 199.—Iro n - fo u n d ry F u e l N ew s—X X V III. 200.—T y re U pkeep, 200.—B ritish tionsT The enthusiasm for the continuation of Standards Institution. 200.—Zinc Development Assoeiaticn. the contacts established will obviously depend on 200.—T h e Side F e e d in g o f Steel C astin g s, 201.—Book R eview . the integrity and capability shown by the officers 204.—U sin g W a r E x p e rien ce for P eac e P ro d u ctio n , 206.—From W a r to P e a c e P ro d u c tio n , 206.—P erso n al, 208.—O b itu a ry , 208.— of the trade associations. We would especially Firth-Brown Appointments, 210.—Iron and Steel Institute, direct the attention of foundry proprietors to 210.—C o n tra c ts O pen. 210.—N ew s in B rief, 210.—P a rlia m e n ta ry N otes, 210.—R aw M a te ria l M ark ets. 212.—C om pany R esults. clause 10 of the Report, which details the func 212. 192 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O V EM BER 9. 1944 NOTES FROM THE BRANCHES INSTITUTE CALENDAR Scottish Branch.—The branch opened the session on MEETINGS FOR NOVEMBER October 14 with a record attendance of about 160, Middlesbrough Branch.—“ Mechanical Aids to Core including members and friends. Mr. Young, the Production,” by J. Blakiston, A.M.I.Mech.E. At the retiring President, was in the chair, and thanked the Cleveland Technical Institute, Middlesbrough, Novem members for the support given him last year, a support ber 10, at 7.30 p.m. which, he said, according to the attendance at this meeting, was likely to be improved upon in the session Bristol Branch.—“ Wartime Calls on Women to on which they had just entered. He congratulated the Make Aluminium Air-cooled Cylinder Heads ” (sound members on their choice of President for 1944-45, film). Also a film on “ Pig-iron Production.” At the and assured them that by training, experience, and Grand Hotel, Broad Street, Bristol, November 11, at temperament, Mr. Tyrie is well fitted for his duties. 3.0 p.m. He had pleasure in asking Mr. Tyrie t® take the chair. Lancashire Branch.— ' Gravity Die-castings,” by M r . T y r ie , whose Presidential Address will appear A. R. Palmer. At the Engineers’ Club, Albert Square, in a future issue, thanked the members for the magni M anchester, N ovem ber 11, at 3.0 p.m. ficent attendance at the opening meeting, and expressed Lincoln Section.—“ Foundry Loading and Planning,” the hope that this standard would be maintained dur by A. Tipper. At the Technical College, Lincoln, ing the session. He also thanked Mr. Young for the N ovem ber 11, at 3.0 p.m. fine manner in which he had conducted the affairs of the branch last session, and for having brought it up to Scottish Branch.—1944 “ John Surtees” Gold Medal its present high standard. After the Presidential Papers will be read by the winners: R. D. Cheyne and Address, Mr. John Vickers introduced the sound film, J. G. Nisbet. Subject: “ The Basic Principles Involved “ Wartime Calls on Women to make Aluminium Air- in the Feeding of Castings and the Manner in which cooled Cylinder Heads.” He gave a resume of the They May Be Applied in Practice. Particularly in the film, and referred to the principal points to be noted, Case of Metals and Alloys which Show a High Shrink and, at the conclusion, he replied to one or two points age.” Presentation of Institute Diplomas. At the which were raised by members. The opportunity was Royal Technical College, George Street, Glasgow, taken also to show another sound film—a news reel— November 11, at 3.0 p.m. and for this and the use of the sound projector the West Riding of Yorkshire Branch.—“ What the Engi branch is indebted to Mr. David Murray, the Scottish neer Expects from the Foundry,” by W. P. Eastwood, Regional Works Relations Officer, Ministry of Supply, M.I.P.E. Replied to by A. S. Worcester, representing and his staff. the foundry trade At the Technical College. Bradford. London Branch.—There was a record attend N ovem ber 11, at 6.30 p.m. ance of members when Mr. Malcolm Brown, East Midlands Branch.— “ C upola C on tro l,” by C. A. works manager of Hadfields, Limited, of Sheffield, Payne, B.Sc. At the Technical College, Derby, Novem addressed them on the subject of “ Steel Castings ” ber 18, a t 6.0 p.m. at the Charing Cross Hotel recently. Mr. A. J. Murphy, M.Sc., acting president, was in the Falkirk Section.—“ The Design and Testing of Space chair. The lecturer, by means of samples and lantern Heaters,” by J. S. Hales, B.Sc. At the Smoke Room. slides, detailed the successful manufacture of a com Temperance Café, Lint Riggs, Falkirk, November 24. plicated aircraft casting. He outlined the difficulties at 7.0 p.m. both persistent and transient which had been overcome. Birmingham Branch.—“ The Principles of Mechani After a prolonged and interesting discussion, he was cal Handling,” by J. V. Smith. At the James Watt cordially thanked on behalf of the members by Mr. Institute, Great Charles Street. Birmingham, Novem Frank Rowe and Mr. P. Fassotte. It was ber 25, at 2.30 p.m. * announced that in place of the symposium on “ Mould Sheffield Branch.—Joint meeting with the Iron and ing Boxes,” scheduled to take place at 2.30 p.m. on Steel Institute. Discussion of Paper on “ The Side November 18 at the Charing Cross Hotel, Dr. Skerl Feeding of Steel Castings—A Note on the Influence had kindly consented to present a Paper on “ Recent of the Mechanism of Freezing,” by B. Gray. At the Developments in Coremaking Materials.” Royal Victoria Hotel, Sheffield, November 27, at Bristol and West of England Branch.—The new 7.0 p.m. session opened on October 7 at the Grand Hotel, Bristol, Mr. E. Griffin presiding. Mr. J. W. Gardom, the President of the Institute, was also present, and in The Ministry of Labour and National Service has a short address expressed his pleasure at the progress issued an “ Industrial Relations Handbook,” prepared made by the branch and the enthusiasm shown by the originally for the use of officers of the Ministry of members. Mr. F. A. Allen presented a Paper on Labour and National Service. It has now been issued “ Statistical Quality Control of Light Alloy Castings,” for general publication in the belief that the informa which was followed by high tea and a concert. tion contained in it will be of wider interest particu lari y to employers’ organisations and trad^ unions Copies may be ordered direct from H.M. Station«™ SAVE PAPER WHEN YOU CAN Office. London (price 3s. 6d. net). ationery NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 193 THE MECHANISED PRODUCTION OF ALUMINIUM GRAVITY DIE-CASTINGS Advantages of gravity die-casting FOR THE MERLIN ENGINE over sand castings By JO H N VICKERS This paper, which was presented to the 4 1 st annual meeting of the Institute of British Fouttdrymen held in Manchester, was also sent to the American Foundry men's Association as an official Exchange Paper. Properly to appreciate this Paper, reference should be made to Mr. Vickers' earlier Paper covering the manufacture of the sand-cast components. It appeared in the Proceedings of the I.B.F. for 1942-43. PA R T 1. gically, it is possible to produce the castings required Speaking broadly of the aluminium alloy castings as die-castings. Where the part does not lend itself to on the liquid cooled aero-engines of Rolls-Royce, die-casting, due to the presence of awkwardly placed Limited, experience has shown that invariably undercuts, etc., endeavours are made to have the de where a part could be produced as a gravity die-cast- sign modified, without materially impairing the tech ing, many advantages were possible over sand cast nical value of the casting, to make possible its manu ings. The principal of these can be summarised as facture by gravity die-cast methods. follow :— (a) Smoother finish and closer dimensional accuracy; (6) greater possible speed of production; (c) Die Design conservation of raw material; (d) reduction of produc The essential and all important organisational feature tion scrap; and (e) improved mechanical properties in of the Rolls-Royce Company’s staff set-up is the fact the casting. that the chief die designer is also responsible for the ■ For this reason Rolls-Royce, Limited, have adopted control of the experimental die foundry, which will be the policy of producing as many of the castings on described later, but of which it should be worthy of the Merlin engine as possible by die-castlng, and the note at this stage that every die must be passed out extent to which this has been carried out may be with an approved technique and producing perfect gauged from the fact that, of the 130 castings on the castings, dimensionally, radiologically and mechanic engine, 103, or nearly 80 per cent, of the total, are ally, with not more than 5 per cent, scrap over a run produced as gravity die-castings. of 100 castings minimum. The cost of manufacture of the die, or permanent The practicability of the proposed die-casting having mould as it is known in America, is, however, fre been ascertained, the chief die designer then deter quently more than that involved in the manufacture of mines the gating system, together with the position of the necessary pattern equipment for the production of the “ die-parting,” the location and direction of extrac castings by the “ sand-cast ” method, but, if the quan tion of cores, the method of release of the casting tities required off a particular casting would warrant from the die, general die shape and thickness, etc., the expenditure on a die, the reduced cost per casting passing this information on to the foundry die draw would soon “ write-off ” the difference in cost of the ing office, who proceed with the completion of the two types of tooling, and the part could then be looked detail drawings for the die. upon as a potential die-casting. Where it has not been found possible or necessary to have modifications made to the general design of Die Development the casting to simplify production, the decision is also When a drawing is presented to the foundry for the made at this stage, toy the chief designer, as to whether production of castings, it is the responsibility of the the die will incorporate multipiece cores or result in a foundry chief inspector, being fully conversant with semi-die-casting, i.e., making use of sand cores. The engine development, to ensure that the drawing is of use of sand cores is discouraged for various reasons, the latest, issue. Whether or not further inquiries into principally because by adopting this method a cer the prospect of producing castings by the gravity die- tain degree of accuracy is lost through core location cast method are justified depends upon machine-shop and. secondly, the presence of an oil-sand core results requirements, and this position must also be ascer in the generation of core gases present during casting tained by him before the drawings can be released for —a feature which is avoided as far as possible. further investigations. The extent to which this policy of eliminating the H aving_ passed satisfactorily these inquiries, the use of sand cores has been applied can be seen from drawing is accepted by the die development depart the fact that, of the 103 die-castings on the Merlin XX ment, where the responsibility rests for the determina engine, only nine, or 8.7 per cent., have their internal tion as to whether or not, mechanically and metallur passages formed by the use of sand cores. 194 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O VEM BER 9, 1944 Aluminium Gravity Dfe-Castings D ie Drawing Office In order to utilise, to the fullest extent, semi-skilled and trainee labour in the foundry tool room in the GRAVITY DIE CASTINGS. manufacture of the die, the policy of the foundry S t a n d a r d P r o d u c t i o n T e c h n i q u e . drawing office, when preparing the detail drawings, is Part No. D.14864. Mat. R.R.50 to make fully detailed drawings of all the die com ponents, having them cross-referenced with the indexed Description : Cover Plate and Guide general arrangement drawing. Originally this plan Die Preparation was operated as an experiment with the main object of conserving skilled tool-making labour, but the re F.S.14 die-coat to be used. Normal applications to die cavity and cores. Heavy coating to be given to risers. sults proved that, in addition to easing considerably this particular problem, other equally important advan All bearing surfaces to be lubricated with colloidal tages became apparent, viz., increased speed of die- graphite. making, with the manufacturing cost greatly reduced. After each cast, all cores and pick-off pieces to be plunged The procedure from that date was automatically in into colloidal graphite, to facilitate their easy removal from corporated in the die drawing office routine. the casting. Another point demanding special attention is the fact Asbestos insulation on outside of die blocks to be renewed that all runners, gates and risers are accurately dimen periodically. sioned, to which sizes the tool room must work instead of, as is normal practice, leaving this, to a certain ex Casting Technique. tent, to the discretion of the die-makers. Before a drawing may be released to the tool room for com Die temperature 300 to 350 deg. C. mencing manufacture, it is meticulously checked, first Pouring temperature 710 to 720 deg. C. by the chief draughtsman, who will satisfy himself Pouring time . . 5 seconds. upon the dimensional accuracy, then the chief designer will check the design and initial his approval that the Metal to be poured smoothly down sloping runner. drawings are in accordance with his instructions. Final approval must be received from the foundry To avoid wrenching, pick-off pieces to be tapped with manager before the tool-room superintendent will small mallet when removing from casting. accept the design as official and proceed with manu Clearance of vent plug to sand core to be verified prior facture. to casting to ensure that core gases do not enter the casting. During the process of manufacture of the die in the tool room, any alteration or modification found to be Production Statistics. necessary or advantageous must first receive approval from the die designer before incorporation in the die. No. of casters 2 Cooling time 60 to 90 The details of these adjustments are then passed to seconds. the drawing office so that the original drawings may be brought up to date. Casting cycle time 5 minutes Rate per hour 12 Experimental Die Foundry Bonus time allowance .. 24 minutes. ! On completion, the die, fully assembled, is passed by the tool room to the experimental die foundry, where it is fully tested. As a result of this testing, the Inspection Report on Trial Batch of 100. most suitable technique is developed for production and all the most important factors, such as:—(a) Die- Quan. coating and its application; (b) pouring temperature of Inspection. Reason for rejection. Scrap. m etal; (c) die temperature; (d) method of pouring; and (e) production time cycle, are firmly established Chalk test 5 Surface cracks under top and recorded for the use of the production foundry. flange caused through Then, in order to prove the die, one sample casting wrenching loose pieces is passed to the inspection department for marking up on removal. to the casting drawing and thereby checking the dimen sional accuracy of the die, whilst q radiological exami Pressure test Nil — nation is carried out on a further sample, or samples (dependent upon the size of the job) to ascertain that Final dimensional Nil — faults, not visible to the naked eye, such as internal porosity, shrinkage, blowholes, etc., are not present Total percentage scrap—5. thereby confirming that the gating system and general Issued by M. R. Hincheliffe. Date 20.8.42. production technique for the die is satisfactory. Upon receipt of a satisfactory report from both F ig . 1.—E x a m p l e o f S t a n d a r d L a y o u t o f dimensional and radiological examinations, the finai P r o d u c t io n T e c h n iq u e . production conditions under which the castings haj N O VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 195 been produced are tabulated as a form of standard portant features in die design and construction which layout (Fig. 1), to which a trial batch, of at least 100 are worthy of note. It is essential to realise that, castings, is produced, with, as stated previously, not when considering a job of this description as a poten more than 5 per cent, rejects. tial die-casting, the greatest technical and economical The responsibility of the chief designer and the advantages are to be gained ultimately by close co die development department on this particular die operation between the die designer and the production normally terminates with this verification, and the die, engineer, with a view to eliminating as far as possible together with the relative tabulated data, can then be undesirable features such as undercuts and abrupt officially released to the production foundry. changes in section. In the case of the gear-case cover, In order that the work involved up to this stage a very awkward internal flange, which would have can be more fully appreciated, it is proposed to meant a collapsible internal core, with the consequent increase in initial die cost with decreased rate of pro duction, was removed to the outside, where it was easily moulded; this without affecting the technical value of the castings. A substantial base constructed in box form for pur poses of rigidity and as a means for housing the ejector mechanism mentioned later, constitutes the major portion of the die. On this base are located two main die blocks forming the outer profile of the casting and location for the top core. Means are also provided for operating these blocks mechanically in the form of a rack and pinion movement. An insert secured in the die base forms the bottom of the cast ing. The ejection of the casting is affected by means of a number of ejection pins spaced uniformly round the casting and connected to a steel plate in the base F ig . 2 .— G e n e r a l C onstruction o f D ie f o r F r o n t T ig . 3.— C onstruction o f T o p C o r e o f F r o n t G e a r C a s e C o v e r . G ea r C a se C o v e r . illustrate briefly the production technique of ganeral of the die, the mechanism being operated through the points of interest in connection with different types action of two racks secured to the plate meshing with of representative dies for Merlin engine parts. With pinions on a shaft projecting out of the side of the each item is given photographs and a description of die with a lever attached. Sufficient pressure is capable the special features of that production part. of being exerted on this lever by one man, thereby ejecting the casting without any distortion or cracking. Front Gear-case Cover The object in mechanising the die in this way is so that The die shown in Fig. 2 for producing front gear- the introduction of brute force in the operations is case cover castings illustrates to a large extent the avoided, thereby resulting in reduced fatigue on the advantages to be gained by die-casting and the possi workers, with consequent increased rate of production. bilities of the process. This die embodies many im- The intricacy of contour of the inside of the casting N O VEM BER 9, 1944 196 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL ditions, which must be very rigidly adhered to, in the Aluminium Gravity Die-Castings manufacture of high-class castings, is that the metal must enter the mould cavity in the form of an un by the existence of the strengthening webs noticeable broken stream with the absolute minimum of turbu- in the illustration make it essential to provide the best possible venting conditions in the die cavity. In this The ideal way to accomplish this is to direct the respect a study of the construction of the top core is metal through a running system to the bottom of the interesting, as it is split up into four main sections, the joint lines corresponding to the centre lines of the strengthening webs. Thus, the provision of vent grooves along the joint faces is facilitated, thereby allowing the air in the die cavity to be easily displaced by the incoming metal without having to resort to the method of forcing or flushing the metal into the mould, a practice which is distinctly bad. Fig. 3 shows the construction of the core and the method of venting. It will be observed that the four separate pieces are located relative to each other by means of dovetail pieces, thus eliminating the neces sity for screws and dowels to hold the pieces together. The assembled core is then secured to a cast-iron top plate, which also serves as a lever plate for removing the core from the casting. This method of construc tion enables the core to be dismantled easily and rapidly for purposes of cleaning and coating. F ig . 4.— M e t h o d o f P o u r in g F r o n t G ea r C a se F ig . 5.— C onstruction o f C o o l a n t P u m p C a sin g C o v e r . D ie . The nature of the alloy being cast demands that mould and allow the die to fill by displacement. Cer adequate head metal be provided over all heavy sec tain designs of castings lend themselves to this method, tions to replace shrinkage during solidification, and for but in the instance of the gear-case cover this method this reason a heavy riser has been placed round the is impracticable, so that alternative methods have to circumference of the casting to feed the thick flange be used to achieve the same end. Furthermore, the and the heavy bosses thereon. The three heavy bear plate-like form of the casting accentuates the difficul ing bosses and adjacent oil passage bosses in the ties, due to the fact that under normal conditions, with bottom of the casting are fed from the three conical the mould flat, it is impossible to maintain a uniform risers shown. All heavy bosses which are isolated flow of metal across the mould cavity; instead the from the feed and which cannot be fed directly by metal stream breaks up into a number of smaller ordinary methods are chilled by removing locally the streams which, upon uniting, tend to form cold shuts insulating die coating at that section of the die. and air inclusions. To avoid this tendency the die has In order to obtain sound castings, the foremost con- been pivoted on trunnions which permit it to be tilted N o v e m b e r 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 197 ,,an8*e at commencement of pouring and core gases is to follow the course of least resistance gradually lowered to a horizontal position as pouring and enter the metal, thus forming oxide inclusions and Proceeds. The operation of pouring is shown in porous regions which would be revealed on pressure testing the castings. A good artificial vent, therefore, To illustrate the extent of the advantages gained by is necessary and is found in the centre of the core. producing this part as a die casting in preference to a The small circular core, visible in the base of the sand casting, the following data are given to enable die, presents similar problems of location and vent a comparison to be made:— ing, but in this case the difficulties of venting are accentuated by the fact that the core is entirely sub Detail. Sand-casting. Die-casting. merged under a thick layer of metal, resulting in there being only one exit for the gases, namely, through the Bonus time allowance to core print. To influence easy core gas exit the core produce 165 mins. 40 mins. is located on four tubular pins penetrating to its in Finished casting weight . . 14 lbs. 12f lbs. terior and extending through the base of the die into Standard cost per casting (S.) 4.042 1.104 the atmosphere. F i g . 6.— C onstruction o f “ B o o s t C o n t r o l ” F ig . 7.— M e t h o d o f P o u r in g “ B o o s t C o n t r o l ” C a s in g D ie . C a s in g . Coolant Pump Casing The die consists primarily of a base, which forms half A gravity die of an entirely different nature for pro the cavity and also contains underneath it an ejector ducing coolant pump casings is illustrated with a cast gear, and two main die halves. The base is constructed ing complete with runners and risers in Fig. 5. In in shallow box form and the whole assembly mounted this instance the use of sand cores is necessary, which on legs, thus constituting an independent unit. consequently presents the same problems as are ex The circular core, besides forming the inside of the perienced in the sand-casting process, viz.:— (1) The casting, also embodies a central conical riser which is provision of a suitable design of core print which will necessary to feed a heavy boss in the bottom of the give accuracy and consistency of core location; and die. The shape of the casting and the disposition of (2) adequate venting arrangements for drawing off the the thick and thin sections is such that it lends itself core gases generated during casting. to top pouring through the ring riser on the top flange. Two sand cores are used in this die, one forming A smooth entry of metal is attained by pouring simul the involute passage of the pump, the other forming taneously down two risers, each inclined at 45 deg., an undercut pocket in the bottom of the casting, but whilst the heavy sections at each end of the volute are both representing cases where the use of steel cores rendered sound by means of risers. Below are given would be impossible, nevertheless still resulting in a comparative details of producing coolant pump considerable saving in time and expense over the nor casings by both “ sand ” and “ die-casting” methods:— mal sand-cast methods. A ccu ra te location of the volute core is provided by m ea n s of a core print at each end of the core as Details. Sand-cast. Die-cast. sh o w n , each core having the prints checked, in a special jig, for size in relation to the profile of the core Bonus time allowance (mins.) 171.000 81.750 before being released as suitable for the die. Venting Finished casting weight (lbs.) 5.015 4.630 is important on this core, as the normal tendency of Standard cost per casting (S.) .2.417 0.729 198 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL NO VEM BER 9, 1944 Aluminium Gravity Die-Castings metal being in the risers and the coldest metal in the bottom of the mould. With direct top pouring all the evils associated with turbulent metal become Boost Control Casing evident; therefore, in this case, to prevent the metal cascading over the intricate die cavity walls, the com A good example illustrating the merits of gravity plete mould is tilted on a pivoted table at a steep angle die casting is provided in the case of the die, with a at the commencement of pour and the metal intro casting therefrom, shown in Fig. 6. As a sand casting, duced in a steady unbroken stream, as shown in Fig. 7, this is dfficult to produce under mass producton con the level of the table being returned to the horizontal ditions owing to the large number of separate cores position as the mould fills. necessary in the manufacture of the moulds, with the The undernoted tabulation shows the advantages of consequent effect of increasing the cost and the risk die casting over sand casting on this part:— of errors due to the large number of operations in volved. Furthermore, the presence of chill and core Details. Sand-cast. Die cast. joint marks on the castings would result in a much inferior surface and accuracy. Bonus time allowance (mins.) 125.500 35 000 On the other hand, the design of the casting lends Finishing casting weight (lbs.) 3.928 3 687 itself freely to die casting in that a simple die can be Standard cost per casting (S.) 2.250 0 708 designed at a reasonable initial cost capable of pro ducing thousands of sound castings. The die is parted in three planes, corresponding to Rocker Cover Die r faces on the casting, which facilitate the use of an This die illustrates what can be achieved in the way effective running system whilst maintaining ease of of manufacturing large castings of thin section, this *M I F ig . 8.— C onstruction o f “ R o c k e r C o v e r ” D ie . F ig . 9 .— “ T w o -H a n d e d ’’ M e t h o d o f P o u r in g “ R o c k e r -C o v e r ” C a s t in g . net, fettling of the casting and simplicity in die construc particular casting being some 3 ft. 6 in. long, with a Ik t tion. To avoid straining the casting on opening the metal thickness of 0.150 in., and is, of necessity, made Wed die, the three die blocks are actuated by means of in an aluminium silicon alloy possessing maximum mcr c simple levers pivoted to the die base, light blows on fluidity. Despite this property, however, auxiliary Mliel the levers being sufficient to draw the blocks away heating by means of gas burners placed below the aa| from the casting with a parallel motion, with the very base of the die has had to be introduced to assist stal' minimum of strain. the metal to run freely. The set-up of this die, to It will be seen that top pouring through the riser gether with a casting therefrom, is illustrated in Fig. 8. t cm has been adapted on this job, the reason for this being The metal is poured, as shown in Fig. 9> from tw0 that, despite the fact that it would be exceedingly positions, a sloping runner being situated at each end ; difficult and somewhat impracticable to incorporate an of the casting and gated into the base of the feeding effective bottom running system, the relative positions heads. This method is superior to pouring the metal ~— of the heavy sections demands progressive solidifica directly down the feeding head, in that it minimises htta tion from the bottom to the top with adequate liquid turbulence. Numerous risers are situated round the head metal to feed the heavy sections during solidifi top of the casting for feeding purposes. Stan cation. Hence the top runner, which ensures the hot The presence on the casting of a number of clamp N o v em b er 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 199 REINSTATEMENT IN CIVIL EMPLOY MENT UNITED STEEL COMPANIES’ PROPOSALS The United Steel Companies, Limited, of Sheffield, are the largest steel producers in the British Common wealth, and in normal times their employees number over 35,000. For a considerable time they have been giving careful thought to the question of the rein statement of all their employees now serving in H.M. Forces. It is felt that with the great majority their paramount desire will be to get back into their old job as quickly and comfortably as possible. Reinstatement is re quired by law, but the company feels that something more should be done to make the transition from ser vice to civil life as smooth as possible. Authoritative committees have therefore been appointed at each branch, whose task will be not only to welcome those returning from the Services, but to help them to deal with the problems of adjustment which are bound fre quently to arise, and to ensure that they suffer no disadvantage through their prolonged absence from civil employment. In addition, it is felt that there will be a number of men, particularly those who left as juniors or appren tices, who have evinced outstanding qualities of ability and leadership in the Services, and who should be given the opportunity of developing these qualities in civil life both to their own benefit and that of the community. A special training scheme has therefore been evolved to enable such men to qualify for important positions on the executive and adminis trative staff as and when vacancies occur. F ig . 10.— C o r e W it h d r a w in g M e c h a n is m . Whilst the scheme will be open to all those who have served in the Armed Forces and Civil Defence Services on a full-time basis, it is obvious that it must ing-down lugs placed below the flange, to facilitate be restricted to those whose aptitudes warrant such machining in the machine shops, has necessitated the training, and that the numbers accepted must be re use of drawback cores in the die base to enable the lated both to the quantity that can be absorbed and casting to be lifted out. By means of the mechanism to the rate of demobilisation, so that those who are shown in Fig. 10, which is actuated by a rack and demobilised will not be at a disadvantage. pinion movement situated at one end of the die, all The course of training is planned to last for twelve these cores are withdrawn simultaneously. Moving the months, and to provide the necessary incentive to can longitudinal steel strap shown imparts the necessary didates to prove their ability. A salary will be motion, through cams and cam paths, to the cores. arranged individually for each candidate, taking into The top core forming the inside of the casting is account age, previous experience, and the pay of the located on four dowels in the die base, one at each rank attained in the Services. A syllabus of training corner of the core, thus ensuring accuracy of align has been drawn up, and this has been designed to be as ment relative to the die cavity, without relying on the flexible as possible to meet individual circumstances runner blocks. The purpose of mounting the die on and the requirements of the company. Such a scheme special legs is for ease of transport to and from the can only interest a minority, but it is felt that no plan cleaning and maintaining section. The following are for the satisfactory reinstatement of ex-servicemen the comparative data of producing rocker cover cast would be complete if some machinery were not de ings by both sand- and die-cast methods: — vised to develop the qualities of ability and leadership which have been disclosed in military service. Details. Sand-cast. Die-cast. Bonus tim e allowance (mins.) 264.000 93.500 Finished easting weight (lbs. ' 12.750 9.687 John Booth & Sons (Bolton), Limited, structural Standard cost per casting (S.) 5.792 1.750 engineers, has been converted into a public company. The nominal capital has been increased by £90.000 in (To be continued.) £1 ordinary shares to £150,000. 200 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O VEM BER 9, 1944 IRONFOUNDRY FUEL NEWS—XXVIII BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION Two more examples of how appreciable fuel savings DRAFT STANDARDS can result from the more efficient loading of stoves The Monthly Information Sheet for September, have come to the notice of the Ironfounding Industry issued by the British Standards Institution, 28, Fuel Committee. The first relates to a firm in the Victoria Street, London, S.W.l, announces that the Tees-side area which operated four stoves for drying following draft standards have been circulated tor ingot mould cores. By modifying the stove bogies it comment:— . . c „ c olc was found possible to load 18 cores into a stove CG (ASB) 7164—Draft Revision of B.S. 835. instead of the previous ten. The use of one stove Asbestos Cement Flue Pipes and Fittings for Domestic could then be discontinued altogether, this resulting in Heating Stoves. the weekly coke consumption being reduced from 24 CG (GS/SF) 7273—Draft Revision of B.S. 758. tons to som ething under 20. Domestic Hot-water Supply Boilers Burning Solid The second firm, in the West Midlands, was using four similar gas-fired core stoves. When the 25 per F CG (IS) 7282—Draft Revision of B.S. 78. Cast-iron cent, cut in industrial gas consumption was imposed, Pipes for Water, Gas and Sewage and Special Castings the use of one of the stoves was prohibited, and no for use, therewith. difficulty was experienced in maintaining full produc CG (HIB) 7311—Draft B.S. for Dimensions of, tion on the remaining three. A full batch of cores Hinges (Iron and Steel) and Cast-iron Butts. was collected before any one stove was opened and CG (IS) 7340—Draft Revision of B.S. 44. Cast- reloaded. The fuel consumption was reduced in pro iron Pipes for Hydraulic Power. portion to the number of stoves in use, i.e., a saving CG (HIB) 7341—Cast-iron Rainwater Gutters and of 25 per cent, was effected. Fittings. Incidentally, this second case shows that it is possible CG (HIB) 7342—Draft Revision of B.S. 416. Cast- for some firms to save appreciable amounts of fuel, iron Spigot and Socket Soil, Waste, Ventilating and without loss of production, if the necessary incentive Heavy Rainwater Pipes. is present. It is, of course, a national duty of every CG (HIB) 7344—Draft Revision of B.S. 460. Cast- consumer to save the maximum amount of fuel, iron Spigot and Socket Light Rainwater Pipes whether he is. “ instructed ” to do so or not. The Re (Cylindrical). gional Panels of the Ironfounding Industry Fuel Com CG (HIB) 7960—Draft Revision of B.S. 493. Air mittee are available to assist any ironfounder to this Bricks and Gratings. end. ______CG (HIB) 7962—Draft B.S. Baths, Part 2. Materials for Bath Panels. TYRE UPKEEP Amongst new overseas Standards available in the Strong sunlight may cause surface cracking of tyres, library to members on loan are the following from which may develop into bad cuts. Accordingly, if a the [American] Society of Automobile Engineers:— driver has the option of leaving a car exposed to AMS 4422C, Magnesium Alloy Castings (Sand) strong sunlight, or leaving it in the shade, he should 6 A1 3 Zn (Solution), AMS 4424C, Magnesium Alloy choose the shaded position. Castings (Sand) 6 A1 3 Zn (Solution-Precipitation): Heat is the greatest enemy of rubber. Speeding AMS 4434B. Magnesium Alloy Castings (Sand) generates heat, and therefore is seriously detrimental 9 Al 2 Zn (Solution-Precipitation); AMS 4484. Mag to tyres. One of the reasons why the larger sizes of nesium Alloy Castings (Gravity) 9 Al 2 Zn (Solution- giant tyres cannot be made wholly of synthetic rubber Precipitation); AMS 5345, Centrifugal Steel Castings, is that tyres, so composed, would become far too hot, Chromium Molybdenum, ,38-.43 Carbon. even when run at a normal speed. At present, the only method of countering this tendency is to mix a proportion of crude rubber with the synthetic. ZINC DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Water is not directly injurious to tyres. Drivers of The report of the Zinc Development Association farm tractors whose wheels have become badly fouled covering the years 1943-44 has just been issued as a with manure have been recommended to cleanse them twelve-page booklet. Its activities are shown to in by means of a bucket of water. This course should, clude an information service which involved detailed however, be adopted only in extreme cases, as water, replies to over 1,000 enquiries in one year; a publica though not directly injurious to rubber, makes it more tion department which provides its members and the susceptible to cuts. Rubber that is to be cut with a public with brochures and translations of foreign knife is often dipped in water to facilitate the process. articles and a library service. Then it has organised Soap is- not injurious to tyres. It is to be recom at Oxford, an experimental workshop where *work— mended when a tyre is being fitted and difficulty is especially for the building trades—can be carried out being encountered. The soap soon dries off. Oil is The Association participates in the work of the an enemy of tyres, and should be kept from contact British Standards Institution, and is carrying out a cam with them. If, for example, there is a pool of oil paign to replace the word spelter by thaCof zinc A on the floor of a garage, the driver should have the Zinc Alloy Die Caster’s Association has been formed oil wiped up instead of driving the vehicle across it, and is now very active, NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 201 THE SIDE FEEDING OF STEEL CASTINGS* V ° te thE influence of the By B. GRAY, B.A. (Cantab.), English Steel Corporation, Limited, mechanism of Sheffield. freezing • A striking feature of steel foundry practice during process is modified by variations in the thermal the past few years has been the development in the capacity and conductivity of the moulding material side feeding of castings. In Great Britain it has taken and by the shape of the mould. That the assumption the form of the, now, well-known “ whirlgate ” head, is not true is proved by the photographing of sulphur which depends for its working on the control of the prints of a 4 in. by 4 in. by 18 in. casting with a direction of solidification by the temperature gradient. large head bottom-run and made vertically (Example That principle has long been recognised as important, A). After 10| min. the bottom box was dropped off but it has recently 'been restated and much emphasised and 74 in. of the casting were cut off with an oxygen by Batty1 and by Duma and Brinson2 in America, and there is some danger that it may be considered to be the only factor of importance in the feeding of steel castings. The “ atmospheric ” head has been introduced more recently from America, and has been fully described in a Paper by Taylor and Rominski,3 which has been reprinted in Britain. It is usually applied in much the same way as the whirlgate head, but it is “ blind ” and its height is less. In the ordinary way a “ dummy ” head often fails, owing to the absence of the atmospheric pressure necessary to force the liquid steel from the head into the casting. A device in the form of a small core is used to produce a puncture in the first-formed skin at the top of the head, so that atmospheric pressure is admitted to the top surface of the liquid there. As stated, both heads rely primarily on the directional control of freezing by the temperature gradient which they are admirably designed to produce, but, important as that principle is, there are other factors arising from the mechanism Example C. Example D of freezing in steel which should not be ignored. Example A Much has been written on the freezing of steel in chilled ingots, but the subject has been almost entirely neglected in its relation to the production of steel castings, although information can more easily be obtained from the latter by varying the methods of running and feeding. For the present investigation, blocks 4 in. by 4 in. by 18 in. were made in four different ways (see Fig. 1): Example A, cast vertically with a bottom runner and top head; Example B, cast horizontally with a whirl gate head at one end; Example C . cast vertically through a top head, and Example D. cast vertically with a whirlgate head under the bottom. The results E x a m p /e B. obtained from the experiments are reported here, and their bearing on the feeding of steel castings is F i g . 1.— S k e t c h o f C a s t in g D e s i g n s . discussed. lance. A small amount of liquid drained out, but the Solidification from the Mould Wall casting was solid, except for small unusual types of It seems to be assumed in most recent publications cavities. The thickness of the wall of the casting, that steel freezes by a uniform thickening of the undisturbed by the draining operation, varies, and is wall under all circumstances, except in so far as the everywhere less than 1 in., and it is evident that there was much loose solid matter in the interior, with only • Extracted from a Paper published by authority of the Steel a small amount of liquid. Some of the liquid had C a s t i n g s Besearch Committee of the Iron and Steel Institute, come down from the top of the head, as is shown N O V EM BER 9, 1944 202 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL to say, if such a casting really froze only from the The Side Feeding of Steel Castings mould face inwards at a rate proportional to tbe dissipation of heat, no casting of uniform section by the fact that the dark patch on the sulphur print, bottom-run with a top head could possibly be sound, indicating sulphur segregation, is unusually small there. as it would freeze more slowly at the bottom, where Two specimens of Example B were drained after the sand has been heated by the incoming metal. 8i and 4| min., respectively, by burning a hole in the When the same cas ing was made vertically and run bottom of the head. They are similar castings to A, through a top head (Example C), the distribution of but were made horizontally with the whirlgate head, the segregate was similar to that in Example A, but and a few drops only were obtained from the centre the columnar wall was considerably thicker at the line of the one drained after min. In the casting, bottom end of the casting, and the V-segregates, freezing had taken place almost entirely by growth confined to the upper half, were less pronounced and from the walls of the casting, at a rate that agrees flatter. On the other hand, in Example B, with the fairly closely with that obtained by mathematical casting made on the flat, freezing was almost entirely calculation, which is of the order of 0.2 in. per min. inwards from the walls, and when the solidified matter Thermocouples in similar castings showed that met at the centre the secondary residue was squeezed Example A froze completely in 17 min. and Example B towards the head in a passage tapered by the tem in 12 min., a difference caused by the method of perature gradient induced by the method of running. running. In Example B, heat was absorbed from the There it was blocked by the material in the head, steel in the head before it entered the casting, while which was pure and of high melting point and there in A the steel all passed through the casting and would fore froze first, although it was at a higher temperature. lose heat before it reached the head. The rate of As a result there is a slight unsoundness due to the freezing of the wall in A was approximately 0.095 freezing and contraction of the secondary material in. per min. and in B 0.23 in. per min., a difference later. that is too great to be attributed to the difference in Example D, cast vertically with a whirlgate head, temperature alone. is different again, the crystal structure presenting a confused appearance, and not a marked pattern about Types of Crystallisation the centre-line as in the other cases. The columnar Widely different kinds of crysfalline structure are wall is very thin, and the sulphur print indicates that obtained, according to the conditions under which the segregate is uniformly distributed, except for a the steel freezes; for instance, the analyses of the steel faint streak running from the centre-line in a curve in the top and bottom halves of Example B, if not towards the neck. identical, were similar, but the form of crystallisation Convection Currents is utterly different. The central core showing dark on the sulphur print, on the other hand, would con Reviewing these four samples, one is driven to the tain considerably mbre carbon and sulphur. The conclusion that the differences in the behaviour of study of the different crystals in steel and their distri the steel in freezing are influenced by convection cur bution is a difficult and contentious subject with which rents in the liquid. In Example B these currents were it is not proposed to deal here, but from a practical almost entirely absent, owing to the small vertical point of view it can be assumed that in ordinary height and the fairly even temperature gradient, while steel there are always these two forms of solid:-—- in Example C they were not powerful, owing to the Primary.—The bulk of the solid, having varying steel in the bottom of the mould having entered first structure, but conforming closely to the analysis and therefore being the coolest. In Example A they ob*ained from a spoon sample, though with increasing were more powerful, because, owing to the method of impurity content as solidification proceeds. running, there was hot steel in the bottom when cast Secondary.—A highly segregated solution, contain ing was completed, the hot steel rising to the top as ing considerably more sulphur and carbon than the soon as the turbulence due to running ceased. spoon sample, which appears to freeze almost simul In Example D convection currents were relatively taneously over a considerable area. strong, and the steel entered hot at the bottom, which In Example A most of the secondary solidification was also kept warm by the connection with the head, occurred in the head, where it appears as a brown while the top of the casting was coolest when casting patch in the sulphur -print. The remainder was con was completed. Immersion thermocouples, placed on tained in the V-threads in the upper centre of the the centre-line of a similar casting, showed that the casting and in minute particles well distributed position was reversed immediately afterwards, and the through the remainder of the section. It should be steel nearer the top became the hotter and remained no'ed that the bottom third of the casting was excep so till freezing was almost completed. Owing to the tionally free from segregate and, containing on the convection currents, the steel near the walls was rela whole the purest steel, froze at the highest tempera tively warmer, the wall growth was slower and most ture. of the crystal growth took place from nuclei in the As it is, the casting contained only minute defects liquid. Final solidification was from the top down on the centre-line, but, if the highest-freezing-point wards, however, as convection currents ceased in the material had not collected at the bottom, it is clear later stages and heat dissipation was more rapid from that the casting must have been unsound. That is the top. NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 203 Convection currents are also of importance in side partly on the composition of the steel (with high car heads, and here the advantage lies with the atmo- bon and sulphur it will be g-eater), and partly on the spheric type. It is shorter in comparison with its bulk amount of steel that the head is feeding. Thus, the than the whirlgate head, and therefore convection secondary material in Example B is the residue from currents are less pronounced. Also, the top surface the whole of the steel in the casting. If the casting is kept hot, because it is insulated by sand from the had been 12 in. long instead of 18 in., there would atmosphere, and later, as soon as the level of the have been little or no unsoundness, and most of the liquid has fallen, there is an insulating layer of gas or secondary material would have escaped into the head. air to prevent still further the loss of heat from the Atmospheric Pressure top surface. Thus, the tendency for the hot steel at Another source of danger in the use of the whirl the bottom to be replaced by that which has been gate head, and even more of the atmospheric head, cooled down at the surface is much reduced, and the may lie in the strength of the columnar wall at the temperature is kept up opposite the entrance to the top of the casting. This is well illustrated by a re casting, where it is required. Incidentally, the effec peat of Example D, which was made in a skin-dried tiveness of the various feeding materials used on the mould insufficiently dried at the top, causing blow top surfaces of the liquid in open heads is at least holes. These blow-holes constituted a puncture of the partly dependent on the same principle, and they tend skin similar to that produced by the core in the atmo to keep the liquid hot at the base of the head near spheric head, and it seems probable that the gas the casting, as well as at the surface. present set up sufficient pressure to overcome for a The Effect of the Size of the Section on time the ferrostatic pressure from the head, and feed Crystallisation ing took p'ace from that point instead of from the Steel in freezing does not behave in the above way head. It is difficult to picture exactly what hao- in castings with a thickness less than about 3 in., pened, as it is hardly conceivable that there was suffi because after the preliminary growth of the columnar cient gas pressure to overcome the pressure from the wall is finished there is no time for marked segrega head throughout the period of freezing. The most tion to take place or room for convection currents to likely explanation seems to be that the greater part occur. The secondary crystallisation, therefore, is of the casting inside the columnar wall was a mixture widely dispersed along the whole of the centre of of liquid and solid like the contents of a cocktail- freezing, and is associated with slight unsoundness. shaker, a'l freezing simultaneously, with some rather For that reason it has been found impossible to cast highly segregated liquid at the top. By that time, thin plates free from at least microscopic unsoundness the level of the liquid in the head may have fallen to by ordinary methods of feeding. that in the casting and frozen over owing to contact Taylor and Rominski1 have described the unsound with the atmosphere. At the same time, the gas con ness produced in the bottom half of a 2-in. plate cast tained in the top.of the casting would thermally in w;th an atmospheric head applied to the middle of the sulate the surface of the liquid there and prevent it plate. from freezing over, thus maintaining atmosnheric Factors Controlling Feeding pressure. Under those conditions material would be It is thus evident that controlled direction of solidi sucked from the casting into the head, with the kind fication brought about by the temperature gradient is of result shown. A piece of broken mould floating by no means the only factor in feeding the steel cast up on the steel can have the same effect. ing, and that for some castings the normal method of Application 'n Whirlgate Heads bottom-running with the top head is satisfactory, even It is common experience with the whirlgate head in theory, in spite of the temperature gradient being that fail res are more likely to occur when the steel in the wrong direction. The full benefit of the favour is cold; Example B. is cast verv cold at the end of the able temperature gradient with the whirlgate head is heat, and is aotually almost short-run on one corner, not obtained, because high-melting-point material col where there may be a deep co'd-lap. In such cases it lects at the bottom of the head and may freeze earlier seems probable that small crystals of high-melting-point than the low-melting-point material in the casting if material had already formed in the liquid while the the temperature difference is not sufficient. Then, casting was still being run. and froze rapidly on con again, the segregated material can escape into the head tact with the sand. With solidification starting at such more easily with a top head, as it tends to rise natur an early stage, there would be no time for the lower ally, owing to its lower specific gravity. In doing so, rate of dissipation of heat in the head to have its full it enriches the steel in the head and lowers its freez effect in retarding solidification there, as compared ing point below that of the casting, which, of course, with the cooling rate in the casring. A casting so helps feeding. It is only in a ton-run casting with a made would be the least sound of several made 'n the top head that the temperature gradients and the rela sarre way. tive freezing points of the Dart of the casting last to The Design of the Neck freeze and of the material fed to it are all favourable. A thin and relatively deep angle of sand is neces The Secondary Liquid sary to obtain the full benefit of the reduced neck in The amount of secondary material collecting near Example B. and therefo-e. when the head is annb’ed the head in a casting, such as Example B, will depend to a face of the casting of dimensions similar to those 204 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL NO VEM BER 9, 1944 In the foregoing estimation the size of the neck is The Side Feeding of Steel Castings ignored, as, from the feeding point of view, a reduc tion there can equally well be applied to top heads. of the section to be fed (as here), it is not safe to In practice it is not so convenient, but that and other make any reduction at all. In the same way, it is practical considerations affecting the cost of production difficult to apply the whirlgate head to a round bar are riot discussed here. or tube, because the angle of sand is not sufficiently The number and variety of the examples and the observations of temperature, chemical analysis, etc.. thin to maintain the temperature of the neck. On made have been much restricted in this investigation the other hand, where a really thin layer of sand can be employed, castings can be fed through sur by the superior claims of production in both the prisingly small necks, no larger than runners and foundry and the research department. These limita which can be removed from the head with a sledge tions are still so serious as to make it impossible to hammer. A ring casting is one which proved entirely undertake, in the immediate future, an adequate re search on the points of interest disclosed, and it has satisfactory. been arranged that further co-operative investigation The Choice of the Type of Head shall be carried out under the auspices of the Steel Examination of all the foregoing observations Castings Research Committee. suggests that generalised statements of practical applica It is gratifying to the Author that the Committee tion in the foundry can be made regarding the type have undertaken this work, and he is personally indebted to the Chairman and other members for advice and assistance already given. These notes are C" submitted for publication because, whatever their m scientific value, they appear to present features of practical importance and will also serve an an intro duction to the new programme of research. REFERENCES 1 G. Batty : 'ITransactions of the American Foundrymen’s Association,” 1934,1vol. 42, p. 237. (6) (b) (d) M (ft 2 J. A. Duma and S, W. Brinson : “ Transactions of the American Foundrymen’s Association,” 1940, vol. 48, p. 225. F ig . 2.— V a r io u s T y p e s o f F e e d e r H e a d s . 3 H. F. Taylor and E. A. Kominski : “ Transactions of the Ameri can Foundrymen’s Association.” 194 2, vol. 50, p. 215 ; T he of head giving good results in any particular case. F o u n d ry T rad e J o u rnal, 1042, vol. 68, Oct. 15, p. 135; Oct. 22, p. 171 ; Oct. 29. p. 193. These are very briefly set out below:— 4 H. F. Taylor and E. A. Rominski: “ Transactions of the Ameri (1) Atmospheric pressure and not gravity is the can Foundrymen’s Association,” 1943, vol. 50, p. 711. effective motive force in the feeding of all castings. (2) Top-running through the head is effective in sections greater than 3 in., particularly when the shape BOOK REVIEW of the mould is favourable (see Fig. 2 (a)). “ The Equilibrium Diagram of the System Copper- (3) Bottom-running with top heads is satisfactory Tin “ The Equilibrium Diagram of the System under the same conditions (see Fig. 2 (¿)). (4) Top heads are not efficient in sections less than Copper-Zinc,” and “ The Equilibrium Diagram of the System Copper-Aluminium.” By G. V. 3 in. thick. (5) Top heads are not efficient, in horizontal feeding Raynor, M.A., D.Phil. The Institute of Metals, (see Fig. 2 (c)). 4, Grosvenor Gardens, London, S.W.l. (Price (6) Side heads give a greater depth of solid wall 6d. each, post free.) in horizontal feeding and are therefore to be preferred The Institute of Metals has just added the above in certain cases (see Fig. 2 (d)). three alloy systems to its Annotated Equilibrium (7) Side heads are effective to a considerable hori Diagram Series (Nos. 2, 3 and 4). These are the zontal distance from the head. systems most requested by members when the series (8) Side heads in horizontal feeding are liable to was first announced a year ago. Each of the series leave slight axial unsoundness in the casting. consists of (1) the diagram reproduced on a generous (9) Side heads applied to the bottom of a casting scale and based on what is regarded as the most give the best results in sections under 3 in. thick, and reliable work in each phase field; (2) a table giving are quite effective for thicker sections when applied all important data Connected with the diagram; (3) so that the head keeps the bottom of the casting hot a number of critical notes, and (4) a list of references. by conduction (see Fig. 2 (e)). The first number of the series (the aluminium-zinc (10) Side heads are not so effective when applied to system) is still available. ¿he top of a casting (see Fig. 2 (/)). (11) The conduction of heat from the head to the casting during freezing is important, and is controlled Commander Sir Cliarles Craven, Bt., has been by the size of the head and the design of the connec elected president of the British Employers’ Confedera tion with the casting. tion in succession to Sir Harry F. Brand. N o v e m b e r 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 205 The Higb-Quality Iron for ITigb-Duty C a s tin g s . Made in seven standard grades or to individual requirements, this iron has a close grain structure and fine grapliitic carbon c o n te n t. It replaces Hematite, and tones up bigb pb ospborus irons. We also make Dale Refined Mall eable Iron to any required specification. Ilf. IRON t h e STANTON IRONWORKS COMPANY LIMITED NEAR NOTTINGHAM 206 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O V EM BER 9, 1944 USING WAR EXPERIENCE FOR would be competition, and keen competition, but an understanding of nations must be established. We had PEACE PRODUCTION had the experience of the working of the Combined SIR GRAHAM CUNNINGHAM’S VIEWS Production and Resources Board, where problems of production had been argued out between the two Addressing the Engineering Industries Association at countries, and raw materials fairly distributed so as to Birmingham recently, Sir Graham Cunningham spoke integrate the production plans of our three countries, of the increased knowledge of production which had U.S., Canada and Great Britain. It might be more been acquired during the war by workpeople and man difficult to operate such a combined board in peace agements, and advocated a continuance of the wartime time, but he believed that the work of this and similar collaboration between them, and, in the larger sphere, organisations, started under the compelling needs of ' a continuance also of such international collabora war, must be continued if the nationalism which im tion as is represented by the Combined Production and peded our progress in the past was to t?e avoided in Resources Board. Sir Graham said a vast number of the future. workpeople who, until the war, had never been in a Sir Graham ended his address with a demand for a factory in their lives, had now been trained to fac courageous attitude towards the problems of peace. tory life and conditions. Many of them knew how to set their tools and, indeed, many girls had learnt such proficiency that they had become semi-skilled, some of them even verging on being skilled craftsmen. FROM WAR TO PEACE Many men who were craftsmen in one trade had per PRODUCTION force learnt another trade. On the whole, manage ment in this country pre-war was not on a high level. SIR C. BRUCE-GARDNER’S APPOINTMENT We had a number of people who occupied the position The Board of Trade announces that in view of the of managers, but who really had no proper training increased responsibilities now falling on the Board in for the task. Vast numbers of small concerns just connection with the planning of the change-over, sub doing general engineering and other jobs jogged along ject to the prior claims of the war effort, of British on inefficient machines in an inefficient way with in industry from war to peace production, Mr. Dalton adequate facilities. They did their work because of has appointed Sir Charles Bruce-Gardner to be his a local demand which they were able to fulfil. A vast Chief Executive for Industrial Reconversion. Sir number of new machine tools had been introduced Charles has been released for this purpose by the into factories and the possibilities of these machines Minister of Aircraft Production. shown to those who had never realised before what He has been for two years a member of the Council general-purpose plant could do in the way of produc of the Minister of Aircraft Production and Controller tion. of Labour Allocation and Supply in the Ministry, as The speaker hoped that in many factories after this well as chairman of the Production Efficiency Board. war there would be information rooms where workers, He was a member of the Civil Aviation Planning Com staff and management would be able to see by map, mittee in 1939, of the Secretary of State for Air’s In text and photograph something of the manner in which dustrial Advisory Panel, 1938-39, of the Air Council their products were being used in foreign oountries, the Committee on Supply, 1938-40, and of the Air Supply people who were using them, and the work they were Board, 1940-41. He is a member of the Institute of doing. Sir Graham thought we should require to see a Mechanical Engineers. great increase in the number of works training schemes Sir Charles Bruce-Gardner was for some time a to encourage and help recruits to industry. The director of John Summers & Sons. Limited, and chair menace of the blind-alley job must be removed. It man of Armstrong Whitworth Securities, Limited, New was time we educated our young people to understand Jarrow Steel Company, Limited, Sir W. G. Armstrong that British industry was not merely the business of Whitworth & Company (Engineers), Limited, and the making things, but a romance and the basis of all our Society of British Aircraft Constructors, Limited. He progress. He believed, too, that the relationship be has also been chairman of the Iron and Steel Indus tween management and the unions had become closer trial Research Council, a member of the Advisory as well as the relationship between unions and their Committee of the Department of Overseas Trade and members. In other words, the human relationships industrial adviser to the governors of the Bank of among all classes had been brought closer together in England. fighting a common enemy and in equally sharing the hardships and suffering of war. Guarantors of the recent issue of ordinary shares Scientific Research by the Anti-Attrition Metal Company, Limited, will The speaker said we must make use of scientific take up about 9 per cent, of the shares. The shares, research in our factories. The scientist must have the numbering 250,000, were offered at 3s. 6d. each in the entrée into business problems in peace as he has helped proportion of one for every seven held on October 7 us in war. We had learnt that this country and the last. The directors undertook to subscribe at 3s 6d English-speaking peoples of America must in future for any shares not taken up in consideration of a fee walk hand-in-hand in friendly partnership. There of 3d. per share on the total number of shares offered NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 207 Fan and M o to r b u ilt in. — ^ © Gas, Coke or Oil fired. 100 to 400 r" PO LFO R D lbs. capacity. CKUCIBLE FURNACE Core Sand Mixers, A compact, easily installed furnace for non-ferrous metals. Spent gases used for pre-heating. Ensures C rucib le & T iltin g rapid fusing with economy in fuel and working costs. Furnaces, etc. Casing of Fabricated Mild Steel, lined with best quality Screens, Mould Refractory Material. Takes any make of Crucible. Catalogue on Request. Dryers, etc. SOLE AGENTS: THO? W. WARD,LIMITED, Albion Works, Sheffield TELEPHONE: 26311 TELEGRAMS: FORWARD SHEFFIELD TURBINE or MOTOR-DRIVEN COMPRESSORS BLOWERS and EXHAUSTERS FOR TURBINE-DRIVEN AIR or GAS GAS EXHAUSTER Output :— 780,000 cubic feet per hour We make TURBINE PLANT 37 inches water gauge pressure rise Driven by single-stage back pressure of any type and any capacity turbine at 3,200 r.p.m. THE BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO.,LTD. BTH CROWN HOUSE. ALOWYCH. LONDON. W.C.2. 208 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O V EM BER 9, 1944 PERSONAL in 1941. After taking his engineering degree at Cam bridge, he became an apprentice at the Openshaw M r. G . A. L e it c h , chairman of Cannon Iron works of Armstrong, Whitworth & Company, Limited. Foundries, Limited, Deepfields, near Bilston, has re From assistant to the works manager he became works signed from the board. manager of the steelworks, engineering and ordnance C a p t . D a v id J a m ie s o n , of King’s Lynn, who has departments at Openshaw, and during the last war was been awarded the V.C., is the son of Mr. A. A. Jamie awarded the O.B.E. for his work in accelerating the son, chairman of Vickers, Limited.- output of guns. He joined Thos. Firth & Sons, Limited, in 1922 as works manager and local director, and on M r . F . R. C a s s , chairman and managing director of the fusion with the steel-producing interests of John F. R. Cass, Limited, engineers and ironfounders, of Brown & Company, Limited, in 1931, he was appointed Bury, has celebrated his 80th birthday. On October 26 works general manager and local director, including he was entertained at luncheon at the Grand Flotel, their Scunthorpe factory. He became a director in Manchester, by a number of friends in the Lan 1934. Sir Arthur Matthews is also a director of Firth- cashire iron and steel trades. Vickers Stainless Steels, Limited, chairman of Firth- M r . E. J. L o w e , a local director of Thos. Firth & Derihon Stampings, Limited, and a director of John Brown, Limited, Sheffield, has been appointed Markham & Company, Limited, Chesterfield. In May, works manager of the company's Atlas and Norfolk 1944, he became chairman of the Aircraft Sub-Com Works. He has been assistant works manager since mittee of the Special and Alloys Steels Committee 1935, and was awarded the O.B.E. this year. He has of the Ministry of Aircraft Production. Later he been at the works for over 33 years. became chairman of the Advisory Committee on Special and Alloy Steel Supplies to the Ministry of M r. W il l ia m W il k in s o n W o o d , J.P., was installed for the fifth year in succession as Master Cutler in Supply. Sheffield recently, thereby creating a record for Wills length of service in the office. He previously held the B y n g , E. G., of Northampton, a director of the office for one year in 1924. He is a director of General Electric Company, Limited ...... £295,934 G o l d s t o n e , M. H., chairman of Ward & Goldstone, Darwins, Limited, the Sheffield steelmakers. Limited, Salford, manufacturing electrical engin M r . H e r b e r t I n g r a m S im m o n d s has retired from eers ...... £82,090 S a l m o n , H a r r y , of West Hartlepool, works manager the post of chief draughtsman at Dorman Long & and a director of the Expanded Metal Company. Company’s central engineering department after 52 L im ite d ...... £19,266 years’ service with the company. His retirement was C a se, Com. H. K., R.N.R., a director of Brown, Colby & Case, Limited, iron and steel merchants, marked by a presentation made on behalf of the staff Great Yarmouth ...... £6,801 by Mr. E. T. Judge, chief technical engineer. Woon, A. L. S., managing director of R. & A. Main. Limited, and joint managing director of Glover M r. W il l ia m C. B e l l , general m anager since 1939 & Main, Limited ...... £89,826 of the iron and steel works, mines and quarries of N u t ta ll , J. S., of Chalfont St. Giles, for many years Stewarts and Lloyds, Limited, Corby, has now taken managing director and chairman of Platt Bros. up an appointment with his firm as joint director, with & Company, Limited ...... £31,921 B all, E . B r u c e , managing director of Glenfield & Mr. E. G. Saunders, of research and technical develop Kennedy, Limited, a former president of the ment. Mr. Bell has been appointed a local director Institution of Mechanical Engineers ...... £70,120 H e n d e r s o n , S i r F r e d e r i c k N e s s , of Monkton, of Stewarts and Lloyds. formerly chairman of D. & W. Henderson & M r. E r ic M e n s f o r t h , who has been elected a direc Company, Limited, shipbuilders, of Glasgow ... £45,755 tor of Thos. Firth & John Brown, Limited, Sheffield, and appointed managing director of the company, is a son of Sir Holberry Mensforth, and is at present OBITUARY managing director of Westland Aircraft, Limited, M r . J o h n R. L a m b , a director of the International Yeovil. Previously he was assistant managing director Nickel Company of Canada since 1938, died at of Markham & Company, Limited, Chesterfield. Toronto on October 29. Mr. J. T. W. D e w a r has been appointed to succeed C a pt a in J u l ia n L y t t e l t o n , Grenadier Guards, Mr. J. H. Barber as general manager of the Engineers’ second son of Mr. Oliver Lyttelton, Minister of Pro Tool Department of Thos. Firth & John Brown, duction, has been killed in action in Italy. Limited, Sheffield. After a course of engineering at M r . S y d n e y B e n ja m in W h e w a y , one of the oldest Sheffield University he went to Vickers, Limited (sub industrialists of Walsall, died on October 27 at the sequently the English Steel Corporation), and in 1934 age of 87. He was head of Job Wheway & Son, Ltd.. joined Firth-Vickers Stainless Steels. Limited, trans cart gear and chain manufacturers, of Walsall. He ferring to Firth-Browns early in 1939. For several had been a borough magistrate since 1892. years he has been assistant general manager of the M r . A l e x a n d e r H a l l W il s o n , chairman of Hall Engineers’ Tool Department. Russell & Company, Limited, shipbuilders, iron and S ir A r t h u r M a t t h e w s , who has been appointed brass founders, etc., of Aberdeen, has died. He was managing director of Thos. Firth & John Brown. well known in the shipbuilding industry both in this Limited, has been assistant managing director and country and on the Continent. He was a great-grand works general manager since 1938. He was knighted son of Alexander Hall, the famous builder of clippers NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 209 The monkish pen was mightier than th military sw ord, the one gave life to the spirit, the other only death to the body. “ With these twenty-six soldiers of lead I could conquer the world ”—manv a man of thought and will has brooded over this idea; and Napoleon came to say: “ Three hostile news-sheets are more to be feared than a thousand bayonets.” The power of the pen has been multiplied till it becomes the power of the Press, that Archimedian lever which can influence the world of men. When the printing machines, with thunderous voice and lightning speed, multiply words—words—words, they tell a million men at dawn what only one man knew at midnight. Behind the power of the Press is the strength of Steel. T H E UNITED STEEL COMPANIES LIMITED STEEL. PEECH & TOZER, SHEFFIELD APPLEBY-FRODINGHAM STEEL CO. LTD., SCUNTHORPE THE ROTHERVALE COLLIERIES, TREETON SAMUEL FOX 4 CO. LTD., SHEFFIELD WORKINGTON IRON 4 STEEL CO., WORKINGTON UNITED COKE & CHEMICALS CO. LTD UNITED STRIP 1 BAR MILLS. SHEFFIELD THE SHEFFIELD COAL CO. LTD. THOS BUTLIN 4 CO..WELLINGBOROUGH @> U .S .P . 210 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O V EM BER 9, 1944 FIRTH-BROWN APPOINTMENTS NEWS IN BRIEF The directors of Thos. Firth & John Brown, Limited, T h e d ir e c t o r s of Kendall & Gent (1920), Limited, Sheffield, have made the following arrangements with propose to change the name to Kendall & Gent, a view to establishing their post-war organisation: — Limited. Sir Allan Grant retired from the position of manag T h e B r it is h I n s t it u t e o f E n g in e e r in g T e c h ing director of the company as from the end of last n o l o g y , L im it e d , is being wound up voluntarily. Mr. month, but is retaining his seat on the board. J. B. Prentice, 7-8, Norfolk Street, Strand, London, Sir Arthur Matthews has been appointed managing W.C.2, is the liquidator. director of the company. T h e C o m p a n ie s R egistration O f f ic e gives notice Mr. Eric Mensforth has been elected a director of that the names of the undermentioned companies have the company and has been appointed deputy manag been struck off the register, and such companies are ing director. dissolved:—Kirkgate Engineering, Limited; Metallur Mr. J. H. Barber, a local director, who has been with gical Industrial Processes, Limited. the company since 1905, retires from the position of T h e a n n u a l g e n e r a l m e e t in g of the Institution of general manager of the Engineers’ Tool Department, Production Engineers will be held on Friday, and is succeeded by Mr. J. T. W. Dewar, who has been November 24, 1944, at 2.15 p.m., at the Institution of appointed general manager of that department and a Civil Engineers, Great George Street, London, S.W.l, local director of the company. when Sir Robert McLean will dejiver his presidential Mr. E. J. Lowe, a local director, has been appointed address on “ Some Post-War Problems in the works manager of the Atlas and Norfolk Works. Engineering Industry.” As a first stage in relinquishing some of his business responsibilities, Sir Holberry Mensforth has retired T h e T y n e s id e I n d u s t r ia l D e v e l o p m e n t B o a r d , a n from the boards of Thos. Firth & John Brown, Limited, organisation formed some years before the war with Dalton Main Collieries, Limited, and Markham & the object of attracting new industries to the district, Company, Limited. is to resume its activities which have been suspended on account of the war. The Board is to co-operate if possible with the recently-formed North-East IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE Development Association. AUTUMN MEETING A c c o r d in g t o Sir William Darling, chairman of the The autumn general meeting of the Institute will be Scottish Council on Industry, Scotland will have a big held at the Institution of Civil Engineers, Great George share in the manufacture of interior fittings for the Street, London, S.W.l, on November 23. 1944. at Portal houses. He remarked that, generally speaking, 11 a.m., and 2.45 p.m., and on November 24. 1944, what might be called the carcase of the house would from 10.30 a.m. to 1 p.m. No dinner or luncheon for be made in England, and the internal fittings, which members will be held. formed two-thirds of the Portal house, would be made The meeting will be devoted to a discussion on blast in Scotland. furnace operation and problems, based on the follow ing Papers: — Paper No. 1: “ Ironmaking at the Appleby-Froding- PARLIAMENTARY NOTES ham Works of the United Steel Companies, Limited," by G. D. Elliot and the staffs of the Appleby-Froding- Diversion of Foundry Labour ham Ironworks, Scunthorpe, and of the Central Re M r . J. G r if f it h s asked the Minister of Supply search Departments, Stocksbridge (the United Steel if he was aware of the shortage of kitchen ovens; and Companies, Limited) (Special Report No. 30). if he would release supplies of iron and steel so as Paper No. 2: “ Considerations on Blast-furnace to make available an increased supply of ovens. Practice,” by T. P. Colclough, D.Sc., M.Met., F.R.T.C. M r . P e a t : I understand from the Minister of (London). Works that there is some difficulty in meeting civilian requirements for kitchen ranges. The shortage is not CONTRACTS OPEN due to lack of materials, but to diversion of foundry The dale given is the latest on which tenders will be labour to war production. Steps are being taken to accepted. The address is that from which forms of tender re-transfer labour as rapidly as war production permits. may be obtained. Belfast, November 27—Gas cookers, heating stoves Location of Industry and other appliances, gasmeters, and boiler tubes, for M r . D a l t o n , in reply to a question in the House of the Town Council. The Engineer and Manager, Gas Commons, said it was not the Government’s intention works, Ormeau Road. Belfast. to enforce upon industrialists any particular areas for Melton Mowbray, November 27—Supply and laying the location of their enterprises, whether old or new. 2£ miles of 4-in. and 3-in. dia. water mains of spun But, in accordance with Chapter III of the White or cast iron, and supply of valves, hydrants and other Paper on Employment Policy, the Board of Trade are fittings, for the Melton and Belvoir Rural District inviting the attention of industrialists, who are looking Council. The engineers, Pick, Everard, Keay and for premises, to those areas which need a greater Gimson, 6, Millstone Lane, Leicester. (Fee £1 Is., diversity of industry. returnable.) 212 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O VEM BER 9, 1944 Raw Material Markets crease in consumption. Although there have been ...... curtailments of our copper purchases from Rhodesia, large shipments are still arriving in this country. The tonnage now held in the United Kingdom must by this IRON AND STEEL time be very large, and, taking the scrap position into The issue of licences for the various grades of consideration, it seems that there must be a consider foundry iron is very carefully controlled. Consumers able surplus of the metal on hand. It was announced are not permitted to acquire additional supplies if their last week that more brass is to be allowed for house stocks exceed a fixed quota, and as the call for both fittings, and it is probable that there will soon be light and heavy castings is limited, the turnover in further relaxations of the restrictions on the use of pig-iron is not large. It had been hoped that the start copper. ing up of one or two additional blast furnaces would Tin is still comparatively scarce, and is likely to be possible, but the coke position is acting as a drag remain so for a considerable time—even after the de on this development, while the labour situation mili feat of the Japanese. It may be several years before tates at the moment against the manufacture of a production can be resumed in the Far East. How greatly increased tonnage of builders’ castings, urgently ever, supplies of tin for essential undertakings are quite needed in bomb-damaged areas. The long-continued adequate, although strict economy in their use has to scarcity of hematite helps to sustain the steady demand be observed. both for refined iron and low- and medium-phosphorus Supplies of zinc are plentiful, and, together with grades, but these requirements can still be met at short copper, further civilian allowances have been made. notice, whilst basic iron production keeps pace with Increased quantities can be used for articles required steelworks’ needs. for house construction or equipment. One of the most The scrap supply position continues to be easy. important releases is brass for the production of cur First-class cast-iron scrap and machinery metal are tain rails. These additions are very welcome to manu still in strong demand, but there is no difficulty in facturers. meeting requirements. There is a surplus of almost all the lighter grades. Foundry coke is not in such good supply as it has been during the past few months, and consumers who COMPANY RESULTS have put in shocks have been well advised. It is pro (Figures for previous year in brackets) bable that some form of rationing will be brought Thompson Bros. (Bilston)—Final dividend of 1\% into use during the winter. (same) and bonus 1 \% (same), making 1 2 \% (same). Consumption of both prime and defeotive billets, British Timken— Profit to D ecem ber 31, 1943, sheet bars, wire billets and rods is maintained at a £177,984 (£151,193); to depreciation, £34,614 (£25,030); high level, but producers are apparently able to satisfy provision for taxation, £75,000 (£63,000); to con all the requirements of the re-rolling industry. Prior tingencies reserve, £20,000 (same); to general reserve, to the war very large tonnages of semi-finished steel £8,006 (nil); forward, £31,592 (£28,731). were imported from the Continent, and to have Wright, Bindley & Gell—Net profit for the year to achieved self-sufficiency in this respect under the im June 30, 1944, after directors’ fees, depreciation and pact of war is an industrial development which may war damage, £11,667 (£11,969); preferred ordinary have important effects when the industry reverts to dividend of 7-,%% (same) (including additional dividend peacetime production. of Jd. per share); deferred dividend of 6f% (same); In the finished-steel trade, conditions have under towards future deferred dividends, £28 (£29); to general gone little change. For all the lighter products such reserve from profits, nil (£2,000); transferred for an as small bars, light structural sections, rounds, squares, available reserve in investment account, £2,000. tees and flats, there is a sufficiency of orders in hand Murex—Trading profit for the year to June 30, after to ensure regular working up to the end of Ihe year. depreciation, £412,514; net dividend from the sub Wire mills, too, are working to capacity, and the sheet sidiary, £30,000; sundry revenue, £509; total income, mills have an abundance of orders for the lighter £443,023; reserve for taxation, less £40,000 over pro gauges, although the position in regard to heavy sizes vided, 1940-43, £200,000; net profit, £239,446 is not so favourable. The contrast in the heavy-steel (£193,007); ordinary dividend of 20% (same); to general trade, however, is most marked. The big section mills reserve, £25,000; to obsolescence reserve, £50,000; are working irregularly and plate mills are operating written off plant, £27,075; to war personnel reserve’ on a hand-to-mouth basis, whilst the demand for £10,000; written off investment in associated comDanv’ £5,931; forward, £125,398. F ” special steels is on a much reduced scale. Thos. Goldsworthy—Trading profit for the year to June 30, 1944, £30,859 (£40,309); directors’ fees £1 242 NON-FERROUS METALS (£1,300); N.D.C., £1,974 (£1,744); interim preference dividend of 7|%, less tax, £5,625 (same); ordinary The call for non-ferrous metals from manufacturers dividend of 6% (5%); to reserve for taxation £3 onn continues to decline. Until there is a greater number (£12.000); to general reserve, £5,000 (£7,500)- forward of civilian orders to take the place of the reduced £1,091 (£1,000). ara’ munitions contracts, there is not likely to be any in his 68th year. NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 17 FANS FOR FOUNDRIES T HE comparatively high pressures which are necessary in connection with the supply of air blast to forges and cupolas, or work of a similar character, requires the employment of a Fan possessing an exceptionally high standard of performance and operating efficiency. Such strenuous demands are adequately fulfilled by HIGH-PRESSURE FANS DAVIDSON & CO., LTD. Sirocco Engineering Works, BELFAST. LONDON. MANCHEStER, LEEDS. BIRMINGHAM. NEWCASTLE, GLASGOW.CARDIFF. DUBLIN. Whether Oil, Cream HIGHER PERMEABILITY or Compound, the high efficiency gives better QUICKER DRYING permeability, quicker LOW GAS EVOLUTION drying, accurate cores, low objectionable gas LOWER TRUE COST content, and therefore, faster and cheaper pro REDUCED OBJECTION. d uction. ABLE FUMES STERNOL LTD., FINSBURY SQUARE, LONDON, E .C .2 . All Enquiries should be addressed to: A lso at Temporary Telephone: Kelvin 3871-2-3-4-5 Industrial Specialities, Dept. 34. BRADFORD AND GLASGOW Telegrams: “ Sternoline, Phone London " 18 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O V EM BER 9, 1944 CURRENT PRICES OF IRON, STEEL AND NON-FERROUS METALS (Delivered, unless otherwise stated) Wednesday, November 8, 1944 PIG-IRON FINISHED STEEL Foundry Iron.-—C l e v e l a n d N o. 3 : Middlesbrough, [A rebate of 15s. per ton for steel bars, sections, plates, 128s. ; Birmingham, 130s. ; Falkirk, 128s. ; Glasgow, joists and hoops is obtainable in the heme trade under certain 131s.; Manchester, 133s. D e r b y s h ir e N o . 3 : Birming conditions.] ham, 130s. ; Manchester, 133s. ; Sheffield, 127s. 6d. Plates and Sections.—Plates, ship (N.-E. Coast), £16 3s.; N o r t h a n t s N o . 3 : Birmingham, 127s. 6 d .; Manchester, boiler plates (N.-E. Coast), £17 0s. 6d. ; chequer plates (N.-E. 131s. 6d. S t a ff s N o . 3 : Birmingham, 130s. ; Manchester, Coast), £17 13s. ; angles, over 4 un. ins., £15 8s. ; tees, over 133s. L incolnshire N o . 3 : Sheffield, 127s. 6 d .; Bir 4 un. ins., £16 8s.; joists, 3 in. x 3 in. and up, £15 8s. mingham, 130s. Bars, Sheets, etc.—Rounds and squares, 3 in. to 5J in., (No. 1 foundry 3s. above No. 3. No. 4 forge Is. below £16 18s. ; rounds, under 3 in. to f in. (untested), £17 12s. ; No. 3 for foundries, 3s. below for ironworks.) flats, over 5 in. wide, £15 13s.; flats, 5 in. wide and Hematite.—Si up to 3.00 per cent., S & P 0.03 to 0.05 under, £17 12s. ; rails, heavy, f.o.t., £14 10s. 6d. ; per cent.; Scotland, N.-E.Coast and West Coast of England, hoops, £18 7s. ; black sheets, 24 g. (4-ton lots), £22 15s.; 138s. 6d. ; Sheffield, 144s. ; Birmingham, 150s. ; Wales galvanised corrugated sheets (4-ton lots), £26 2s. 6d.; (Welsh iron), 134s. East Coast No. 3 at Birmingham, 149s. galvanised fencing wire, 8 g. plain, £26 17s. 6d. Low-phosphorus Iron.—Over 0.10 to 0.75 per cent. P, Tinplates.—I.C. cokes, 20 x 14 per box, 29s. 9d. f.o.t. 140s. 6d., delivered Birmingham. makers’ works, 30s. 9d., f.o.b.; C.W., 20 X 14, 27s. 9d., f.o.t., Scotch Iron.—No. 3 foundry, 124s. 9d. ; No. 1 foundry, 28s. 6d., f.o.b. 127s. 3d., d/d Grangemouth. Cylinder and Refined Irons.—North Zone, 174s.; South NON-FERROUS METALS Zone, 176s. 6d. Copper.—Electrolytic, £62; high-grade fire-refined, £61 Refined Malleable.—North Zone, 184s.; South Zone, 10s.; fire-refined of not less than 99.7 per cent., £61 ; 186s. 6d. ditto, 99.2 per cent., £60 10s.; black hot-rolled wire rods, Cold Blast.—South Staffs, 227s. 6d. £65 15s. Tin.—99 to under 99.75 per cent., £300; 99.75 to under (N o t e .—Prices of hematite pig-iron, and of foundry and forge iron with a phosphoric content of not less than 0.75 per 99.9 per cent., £301 10s. ; min. 99.9 per cent., £303 10s. cent., are subject to a rebate of 5s. per ton.) Spelter.—G:O.B. (foreign) (duty paid), £25 15s.; ditto (domestic), £26 10s.; “ Prime Western,” £26 10s. ; refined FERRO-ALLOYS and electrolytic, £27 5s.; not less than 99.99 per cent., (Per ton unless otherwise stated, basis 2-ton lots, d/d £28 15s. Sheffield works.) Lead.—Good soft pig-lead (foreign) (duty paid), £25; Ferro-Silicon (5-ton lots).— 25 per cent., £21 5s. ; 45 per ditto (Empire and domestic), £25 ; English, £26 10s. cent., £25 10s.; 75 per cent., £39 10s. Briquettes, £30 per Zinc Sheets, etc.—Sheets, lOg. and thicker, ex works. ton. £37 12s. 6d.; rolled zinc (boiler plates), ex works, £35 12s. 6 d .; Ferro-Vanadium.—35/50 per cent., 15s. 6d. per lb. of V. zinc oxide (Red Seal), d/d buyers’ premises, £30 10s. Ferro-molybdenum.—70/75 per cent., carbon-free, 6s. per Other Metals.—Aluminium, ingots, £110; antimony, lb. of Mo. English, 99 per cent., £120; quicksilver, ex warehouse, Ferro-titanium.—20/25 per cent., carbon-free, Is. 3£d. lb. £68 10s. to £69 15s.; nickel, £190 to £195. Ferro-tungsten.—80/85 per cent., 9s. 8d. lb. Brass.—Solid-drawn tubes, 14d. per lb.; brazed tubes, Tungsten Metal Powder.—98/99 per cent., 9s. 9£d. lb. 16s. ; rods, drawn, llfd. ; rods, extruded or rolled, 9d.; Ferro-chrome.— 4/8 per cent. C, £46 10s. ; max. 2 per cent. sheets to 10 w.g., lljd . ; wire, lOJd.; rolled metal, lOJd. ; C, Is. 3fd. lb.; max. 1 per cent. C, Is. 4Jd. lb.; max. 0.5 yellow metal rods, 9d. per cent. C, Is. 6d. lb. Copper Tubes, etc.—Solid-drawn tubes, 15Jd. per lb.; Cobalt.—98/99 per cent., 8s. 9d. lb. brazed tubes, 15Jd. ; wire, lOd. Metallic Chromium.—96/98 per cent., 4s. 9d. lb. Phosphor Bronze.—Strip, 14Jd. per lb.; sheets to 10 w.g. ; Ferro-manganese.—78/98 per cent., £18 10s. 15Jd.; wire, 16Jd. ; rods, 16|d.; tubes, 21£d.; castings, Metallic Manganese.—94/96 per cent., carb.-free, Is. 9d. lb. 20d., delivery 3 cwt. free. 10 per cent. phos. cop. £35 SEMI-FINISHED STEEL above B.S.; 15 per cent. phos. cop. £43 above B.S. ; Re-rolling Billets, Blooms and Slabs.—Basic : Soft, u.t., phosphor tin (5 per cent.) £40 above price of English ingots. 100-ton lots, £12 5s.; tested, up to 0.25 per cent. C, (C . C l i f f o r d & S o n , L i m i t e d .) £12 10s.; hard (0.42 to 0.60 per cent. C), £13 17s. 6 d .; Nickel Silver, etc.—Ingots for raising, 10d. to Is. 4d. silico-manganese, £17 5 s ., free-cutting, £14 10s. S ie m e n s per lb. ; rolled to 9 in. wide, Is. 4d. to Is. 10d. ; to 12 in. Martin Acid: Up to 0.25 per cent. C, £15 15s.; case- wide, Is. 4Jd. to Is. 10Jd.; to 15 in.. wide, Is. 4Jd. to Is. 10|d.; hardening, £16 12s. 6d. ; silico-manganese, £17 5s. to 18 in. wide, Is. 5d. to Is. lid. ; to 21 in. wide, Is. 54d. to Billets, Blooms and Slabs for Forging and Stamping.— Is. lljd .; to 25 in. wide, Is. 6d. to 2s. Ingots for spoons Basic, soft, up to 0.25 per cent. C, £13 17s. 6d. ; basic and forks, lOd. to Is. 6Jd. Ingots rolled to spoon size hard, 0.42 to 0.60 per cent. C, £14 10s. ; acid, up to 0.25 Is. Id. to Is. 9£d. Wire, round, to 10g., Is. 7|d. to 2s. 24d ’ per cent. C, £16 5s. with extras according to gauge. Special 5ths quality Sheet *ud Tinplate Birs.—£12 2s. 6d. 6-ton lots. turning rods in straight lengths, Is. 6£d. upwards. NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL 19 NON-FERROUS SCRAP Cupro Nickel.—80/20 cupro-nickel webbing, £75 10s.; Controlled Maximum Prices.—Bright untinned copper 80/20 defective cups and envelopes before filling, £70 10s. wire, in crucible form or in hanks, £57 10s.; No. 1 copper N i c k e l S i l v e r .—Process and manufacturing scrap; wire, £57 ; No. 2 copper wire, £55 10s. ; copper firebox 10 per cent, nickel, £50; 15 per cent, nickel, £56; 18 per plates, cut up, £57 10s. ; clean untinned copper, cut up, cent, nickel, £60; 20 per cent, nickel, £63. £56 10s. ; . braziery copper, £53 10s. ; Q.F. process and C o p p e r .—Sheet cuttings and webbing, untinned, £54; shell-case brass, 70/30 quality, free from primers, £49; shell-band plate scrap, £56 10s.; copper turnings, £48. clean fired 303 S.A. cartridge cases, £47 ; 70/30 turnings, IRON AND STEEL SCRAP clean and baled, £43 ; brass swarf, clean, free from iron and commercially dry, £34 10s. ; new brass rod ends, 60/40 (Delivered free to consumers' works. Plus 3f per cent, quality, £38 10s. ; hot stampings and fuse metal, 60/40 dealers’ remuneration. 50 tons and upwards over three quality, £38 10s. ; Admiralty gunmetal, 88-10-2, containing months, 2s. 6d. extra.) not more than I per cent, lead or 3 per cent, zinc, or less South Wales.—Short heavy steel, not ex. 24-in. lengths, than 9J per cent, tin, £77, all per ton, ex works. 82s. to 84s. 6d.; heavy machinery cast iron, 87s.; ordinary Returned Process Scrap.—(Issued by the N.F.M.C. as the heavy cast iron, 82s. ; cast-iron railway chairs, 87s. ; medium basis of settlement for returned process scrap, week ended cast iron, 78s. 3d.; light cast iron, 73s. 6d. Nov. 4, where buyer and seller have not mutually agreed Middlesbrough.—Short heavy steel, 79s. 9d. t > 82s. 3d. ; a price ; net, per ton, ex-sellers’ works, suitably packed) :— heavy machinery cast iron, 91s. 9d. ; ordinary heavy cast B r a ss.— S.A.A. webbing, £48 10s.; S.A.A. defective cups iron, 89s. 3d.; cast-iron railway chairs, 89s. 3d.; medium and cases, £47 10s.; S.A.A. cut-oifs and trimmings, £42 10s.; cast iron, 79s. 6d. ; light cast iron, 74s. 6d. S.A.A. turnings (loose), £37; S.A.A. turnings (baled),£42 10s.; Birmingham District.—Short heavy steel, 74s. 9d. to S.A.A. turnings (masticated), £42; Q.F. webbing, £49; defec 77s. 3d. ; heavy machinery cast iron, 92s. 3d.; ordinary tive Q.F. cups and cases, £49 ; Q.F. cut-offs, £47 10s. ; Q.F. heavy cast iron, 87s. 6 d .; cast-iron railway chairs, 87s. 6 d .; turnings, £38; other 70/30 process and manufacturing medium cast iron, 80s. 3d. ; light cast iron, 75s. 3d. scrap, £46 10s. ; process and manufacturing scrap con Scotland.—Short heavy steel, 79s. 6d. to 82s. ; heavy taining over 62 per cent, and up to 68 per cent. Cu, £43 10s.; machinery cast iron, 94s. 3d. ; ordinary heavy cast iron, ditto, over 58 per cent, to 62 per cent. Cu, £38 10s.; 85/15 89s. 3d. ; cast-iron railway chairs, 94s. 3d. ; medium cast gilding metal webbing, £52 10s. ; 85/15 gilding defective iron, 77s. 3d. ; light cast iron, 72s. 3d. cups and envelopes before filling, £50 10s.; cap metal (N o t e .— For deliveries of cast-iron scrap free to consumers' webbing, £54 10s. ; 90/10 gilding webbing, £53 10s. ; 90/10 works in Scotland, the above prices less 3s. per ton, but plus gilding defective cups and envelopes before filling, £51 10s. actual cost of transport or 6s. per ton, whichever is the less.) William Ja c k s & Company L I M I T ! D WINCHESTER HOUSE, OLD BROAD ST., LONDON, E.C.l. ■ ■ ■ ■ CLARENCE CHAMBERS, 39, CORPORATION STREET, BIRMINGHAM. ¡5 * ■ ■ ■ * * Û * ■ * ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ss ■ N ■■ s: ■ ■ ■ * PIGAll grades FOUNDRY, HEMATITE SPECIALS,IRON FERROSIUCON, &e. w NON-FERROUS METALS K ■ ■ ma COPPER, TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, BRASS, GUNMETAL ■ ■ WILLIAM JACKS & COMPANY CENTRAL CHAMBERS, 13 RUMFORD STREET. 93, H O PE ST., G LA S G O W . C .l LIVERPOOL . 20 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL NOVtM bth 7, i z t t SITUATIONS AGENCIES OR SALE—One No. 8 “ Herbert ” F Atritor— Box 762, Foundry Trade CJ,E5[OH FOUNDRY FOREMAN (age ALES.—Advertiser, excellent connec Journal, 3, Amersham Road, High O ' 36) seek s p o sitio n a s F o u n d ry S tions copper, brass, gunmetal and W ycom be. Manager; Lancashire or Cheshire area pre bronze ingots, Birmingham area, open to ferred; practical and technical knowledge; take up Representation; only first-class OR SALE—Thwaites No. 4 Cupola, iron, aluminium and brass;, repetition firm with good reputation considered; F with receiver; Spark arrester; and and jobbing work, cupola, control and already representing leading aluminium Three Foundry Ladles, 12 cwts., 15 cwts., mechanised plant, rate fixing; good in g o t m a n u fa c tu re rs.—B ox 732, F o u n d ry a n d 24 c w ts .; g e a re d .—C has. G u e st, 11, o rg a n ise r a n d d is c ip lin a ria n .—B ox 754. Trade Journal, 3, Amersham Road, Bath Row, Stamford, Lines: F oundry T rade J ournal, 3, A m ersh am High Wycombe. Road, High Wycombe. HOLLA ND/SLM 2-STAGE WATER- OUTH Wales Merchants, established COOLED ROTARY AIR COMPRESSOR; xperienced. practical. steel S over 50 years, seek Agencies for size K.55/40; capacity 305 cub. ft. air per Supplies to Steel and Tinplate Works and F o u n d ry m a n (32) (A .M .I.B .F .), min. at 100 lbs. pressure, or 275 cub. ft. E C o llie rie s —R e p ly to B ox 744, F o u n d ry desires position as Foreman with pro at 150 lbs. pressure; complete with 3 ft. Trade Journal, 3, Amersham Road, High by 7 ft. air receiver 100 lbs. pressure; gressive firm mass producing quality cast W ycom be. ings; sound knowledge of latest methods intercooler, automatic' unloader, with of gating, risering and sand control; many electro-pneumatic switch: extended bed years’ experience of flaskless moulding.— MACHINERY plate to take motor, 65 h.p., to drive at B ox 766, F oundry T rade J ournal, 3, 100 lb s. p re ssu re . Amersham Road, High Wycombe. ANTED, for high priority work, DITTO MACHINE. W 10-ton Steam Loco Crane, with HOLLA ND/SLM SINGLE STAGE XPERT ON KILLED STEELS (Basic 45/60-ft. jib; also 5-tonner, with jib as WATER-COOLED ROTARY AIR COM E Electric Arc Furnace—producing for long as possible.—Details, age, condition, P R E S S O R ; size K .40; new 1941; c a p a c ity Steel Castings), Chemist and Metallurgist, a n d p ric e to B ox 752, F o u n d ry T ra d e 177 cub. ft. per min. at 60 lbs. pressure; desires position; 12 years’ experience Journal, 3, Amersham Road, High requiring 41 b.p. to drive at 980 r.p.m.: similar work; every type alloy and plain W ycom be. complete as above. carbon steels; write for further details; 12 in . b v 18 in . R E A V E L L R O L L IN G co n v in cin g refere n ces.—B ox 750, F o u n d ry ANTED. — Secondhand Britannia DRUM ROTARY LOW PRESSURE Trade Journal, 3, Amersham Road. High W Moulding Machine; jolt, hand ram COMPRESSOR; capacity 670 cub. ft. per W ycom be. ty p e s.—A p p ly B ox 764, F o u n d ry T ra d e m in. a t 940 r.p .m . a t 15 lbs. p ressu re: Journal, 3, Amersham Road. High requiring 54 h.p. to drive: at present 710UNDRYMAN (35), Associate Member W ycom be. direct coupled to 20 h.p. Verity S.R, motor, 1 I.B.F., apprentice and technically 400/440 v o lts, 3-phase, 50 cycles. 940 r.p .m .; trained, desires post with progressive Broadbent Brick Crusher Jaws 8 in. having capacity of 900 cub. ft. per min. Foundry; experienced in all classes of deep. a t 3 lbs. p re ssu re . foundry work, particularly on light alloy 6-ft. Bonvillain Flat Plate 2-Roller Sand NEWMAN INDUSTRIES, LTD., casting and core-making; used to the M ill. YATE, BRISTOL. control of mixed labour, and is keen Herbert’s “ Cloudburst ” Hardness Test d is c ip lin a ria n .—B ox 740, F o u n d ry T ra d e ing Machine, by Massey; 3/50/550 volts; MISCELLANEOUS Journal, 3, Amersham Road, High 1,430 r.p .m . W ycom be. Morgan Type “ S ” Oil-fired Tilting- OA tons NICKEL-CHROMIUM F u rn a c e ; 400-440 lbs. c a p a c ity . C H I P P I N G S — Ab out 30 p er cent. STIMATING, ETC. — Practical 5-ft. Under-driven Stationary Pan Sand Ni, 14 per cent. Cr, 2 per cent. W, 1 per Foundryman, with technical train M ill. cent. Si, 1 per cent. Mn; for sale at £ 25 ing, desires post on Commercial side; Jackman Foundry Sand Riddle. per ton. ex Midland works—Offers 14 years’ experience estimating, rate fix Electric Vibratory Sand Riddle; 2/50/200 B ox 746, F o u n d ry T ra d e J o u r n a l, 3, ing, planning and layout on competitive volts. Amersham Road, High Wycombe. jobbing work, machine, plate, and loose Sand Mills; 5 ft., 4ft. 6 in., and patterns, including patternmaking.— 5 ft. 6 in. eather finger stalls—Made S. C. B il s b y , Crosswells Road, Langley, Box 748, F oundry T rade J ournal, 3, L of chrome hide; very strong and Amersham Road, High Wycombe. Birmingham.______hard wearing; length 3 in; price 4s. per THOS. W. WARD LTD. doz.; prompt delivery; sample on applica R A C T IC A L F O U N D R Y M A N (40) de t i o n —W illson B ros., Industrial Clothing P sires post, preferably West London LANCASHIRE BOILER; 30 ft. by Manufacturers. Epsom, Surrey. area; experienced in ferrous, non-ferrous 7 ft. 6 in . by 180 lbs. w .p. metals, light alloys, machine, floor cast LANCASHIRE BOILER; 30 ft. by OHN REDGATE (IRONFOUNDERS), ings and die castings; strict disciplinarian. 8 ft. by 120 lbs. w .p. J LTD., CROCUS STREET. NOTTING —B ox 758, F o u n d ry T ra d e J o u r n a l, 3, COCHRAN MULTI - TUBULAR HAM, have capacity available for about Amersham Road, High Wycombe. BOILER; 11 ft. 3 in. by 5 ft. by 100 2 tons of Iron Castings weekly, and will lbs. w .p. be glad to receive enquiries. VERTICAL MULTI - TUBULAR NGINEER, with extensive foundry BOILER; 16 ft. 6 in. by 6 ft. 6 in. by E management experience, and in par 100 lbs. w.p. ticular the application of mechanisation VERTICAL MULTI - TUBULAR ’Phone : 22877 SLOUCH to medium size and jobbing foundries, is BOILER; 4 ft. by 1 ft. 8 in. by 80 lbs. NEW SHOT BLAST CABINET PLANTS open to prepare schemes and act in an w .p. with motor driven Exhaust Fans, com independent consultative capacity.—Box VERTICAL CROSS-TUBE BOILER; plete, a ll sizes ; a ir compressors to suit in 756, F o u n d ry T ra d e J o u r n a l, 3, A m ersham 10 ft. 6 in. by 4 ft. by 80 lbs. w.p. stock, also motors if required. Road, High Wycombe. VERTICAL CROSS-TUBE BOILER; Britannia large size plain iolt and pattern 8 f t. b y 3 f t. 6 in. by 100 lbs. w .p. draw moulding machine, 8 in. dia.cylinder, FOUNDRY MANAGER required in VERTICAL CROSS-TUBE BOILER; table 4 ft. x 3 ft. reconditioned Genuine Morgan lip axis 600 lbs. capacity 1 North-West; mixed labour content 7 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 2 in. by 80 lbs. w.p. furnace. of 350; 60 tons highly accurate castings PORTABLE BOILER AND ENGINE; per week (medium and light weight 30 b .h .p .; 120 lbs. w .p. Tn nUewC SWin8 fram11 Sa" d M iU > recon- trol, hand and machine moulding and I,ARGE AND VARIED STOCK GOOD Several good Foundry Ladles 1 ton to 10 coremaking in iron, aluminium and brass; SECONDHAND ROLLED STEEL tons capacity. 10 1U knowledge of pattern making essential.— JOISTS. ANGLES, CHANNELS, ROOF Apply, stating age, education, qualifica PRINCIPALS. ETC. tions, practical experience, and salary re LOW PRICES. QUICK DELIVERY. Alex. Hammond, *XZri q u ire d , to B ox 742, F o u n d ry T ra d e ALBION WORKS, SHEFFIELD. 1 4 AUSTRALIA Rd. SLO U ru Journal, 3. Amersham Road. High ’G ram s : “ F o rw a rd .” ’P h o n e ; 26311 (15 BUY FROM ME AND SA VE M O i g J W ycom be. lin es). NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL [Supp. p. I] 21 lasgow ironfounders, with on-ferrous foundry, capacity FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY G continuous casting plant, capable N available, including Band blaBting; of 600 to 800 boxes daily, would welcome competitive prices quoted—Albott, Son & TO IRON & STEEL enquiries for repetition grey iron cast J a c k b o n , Valve Makers and Brass ings; box sizes 21 in. by 15 in. by 7 in.— Founders, Greenmount Works, Halifax. FOUNDRIES SEND TO:— Box 568, F o u n d r y T r a d e J o u r n a l , 3, JOHN & C. DURRANS, Amersham Road, High Wycombe, ATTERNS for all branches of Engin E st. 1934, eering, for Hand or Machine Mould efractory m aterials—Mould P PENNINE WORKS. HAZLEHEAD, in g .— F u r m s t o n a n d L a w l o r , Letchworth. R ing Sand. Ganister, Limestone, Core- NEAR SHEFFIELD. Gum; competitive prices quoted.—H e n s a l l Peni.tone 128.______Facings, Penistont Sand Co., L t d ., Silver Street, Halifax, EATHER APRONS for the Foundry Y orks. L Trade—Made of best quality FOR materials; various types available from Blacking, Plumbago (Ceylon), Core Gum ORTH-EAST FOUNDRY has capacity 10s. each; 16-page catalogue of Aprons Part Powder, Facings, White Duat, Terra N for production of repetition Non- and other lines of industrial clothing and Flake, Talc, Ganiater, and ALL Foundry ferrous Castings; enquiries welcomed.— equipment sent post free on receipt of Requisites. Box 736, F o u n d r y T r a d e J o u r n a l , 3, 3d. stamps.—W il l s o n B r o s ., E psom , Send P.C. for price and aamplea. Amersham Road, High Wycombe. S u rrey . Good stocks kept. PATTERN MAKERS (ENG.) CO., L T D . ce». 1912 WALLWORK-AEROX PLATE PATTERNS SHREWSBURY ROAD, WILLBSDEN, A IR FILT ER WOOD and METAL for MACHINE LONDON, N.W.10 and eliminate water and grit from or HAND MOULDING your pneumatic machines and tools HIGH-CLASS PATTERNS and MODELS WALLWORK GEARS LIMITED LOOSE PATTERNS NON-FERROUS CASTINGS la, COCKSPUR ST.. LONDON, S .W UP TO HIGHEST DIMENSIONS WIrL. 4871/2. (On Government Lists) Finest Wo kmanship. High Technical Assistance for Easy Foundry Production FOUNDRY SAND HANDLING PLANT E. J. HARRISON LTD. MOST MODERN SPECIALISED PLANT Manufacturers of IN SOUTH ENGLAND b y MARCO Remelted Spelter Keen Quotations. Good Delivery Designers and Manufacturers Send your Enquiries to of Sand Preparation and Continuous Moulding Plants. Ingot Lead, Lead Alloys B. LEVY & CO. Edmar Works, Mill Green Rd. OSBERT STREET. LONDON. S.W.l MARCO CONVEYOR & ENG. CO. LTD. MITCHAM Rowin Works, Leytonstone, London, E.ll Telephone»: Victoria 1073 & Victoria 7486 T e le p h o n e : Leytonstone 2254-5. Tele.: MITcham 2231 & 1881 LEADING FOUNDRIES USE FULBOND THE NEW FOUNDRY BONDING MATERIAL manufactured by The Fullers’ Earth Union Ltd., Telephone , RedHlll, SuiTey 22 [Supp. p. II] FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O V EM BER 9, 1944 BRITISH MADE Shot Blast Features—No. 4 Correct those Defective Castings CONTINUOUS with BLAST ' ’P Ï â I ,» , C i â ÿ SCOLS B B IRON & STEEL CEMENTS Automatic Free Sample on request Continuous Pressure Apparatus MAJOR, ROBINSON & CO., LTD., SCOLS WORKS “T “HE necessity for MANCHESTER, 15 interrupting Blast Telephone : Trafford Park 1760 Telegrams * Blowpipe, Manchester cleaning to allow the pressure vessel to refill can be obviated by the installation of VITREOUS ENAMELLED the newSPENSTEAD Automatic Pressure CASTINGS Apparatus. ARE EASILY CLEANED, UNAFFECTED This new feature BY HEAT, AND ADD TO THE BEAUTY may be Incorporated OF THE HOME In new or existing installations, and enables the ideal of continuous production to be obtained. THE RUSTLESS IRON Co., Ltd., Trico Works - - - Keighley ■jç Just another reason why Spenstead is preferred THOS. GADD, SPENCER i HALSTEAD lr> ROW LEY REGI8, near BIRMINGHAM OSSETT. YORKS. Telephone t Osselt ¿S3-4. L O N D O N : 22 OLD QUEEN ST.. WESTMINSTER, S.W.I RUGBY : 17 LAWFORD ROAD RIVETS of all kinds in Iron and S t e e l GLASGOW: 60 ST. ENOCH SQUARE, C.l Telegrams: "Thos. Gadd, Rowley Rise.” T e le p h o n e : Blackheath 1020. Established I83g NO VEM BER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL [Supp. p. Ill] 23 REMOVE TUAT NIGHTMARE” Removing the production chart won’t improve produc tion. The fault lies somewhere in the factory. Some vital factor overlooked. Perhaps it is bad ventilation. Unless an efficient ventilation system is installed excessive heat and bad ventilation will retard production. Workers’ energy will be sapped, enthusiasm damped and increased production made impossible. Not only will an efficient system of ventilation help to increase war-time production but it will add immeasurably to health and output in the post-war years too. VENTILATION IS A VITAL FACTOR THAT WILL MAKE OR MAR ANY PRODUCTION CHART — SO CONSULT THE G.E.C. WHOSE VENTILATION r M ENGINEERS GIVE EXPERT ADVICE ON EQUIPMENT ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION. CONSULT THE & G . C . ON VENTILATION .1» GENALEX EXHAUST FANS AJvI. of The General Electric Co Ltd., Magnet House, Ksngsway, London, W.C^~ Gen. 17 24 [Supp. p. IV] FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL NO VEM BER 9, 1944 SPECIAL “ G” QUALITY) . rnDftlA5 and “ALITE D" I ,0r CUP0LAS SILLIMANITE / \ P.3 QUALITY SUPER / \ INSULATING REFRACTORIES / \ BRICKS THREE-MOTOR WALL CRANE ESTABUSHED 1860 REFRACTORY \ / CEMENTS BLAST FURNACE LININGS lATERSON HUGHE ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED STOVE BRICKS Bedford House, Bedford St., Strand, W .C.2 Temple Bar 7274/6 “ F .R .D .” (High Silica) COKE OVEN BRICKS Wyndford Works, Maryhill, Glasgow, N.W . Maryhill 172/3 AUTOMATIC COAL STOKERS For Industrial Furnaces We illustrate a Clyde Automatic Stoker applied to a Core Drying Stove with the Clyde Patent System of Air Dilution. m n A recent test showed that a saving of 30% in fuel was effected by the Clyde Patent System as compared with skilful hand firing, with the additional advantage that brickwork maintenance costs were also considerably lower. A further advantage is thatthe thermostat keeps the temper ature of the stove under complete control during the night, and the stove is ready for drawing immediately the day- shift comes on duty. That these results are not exceptional is proved by the large numbers of repeat orders received by us from the leading foundries of the country. Write for a copy of our Descriptive Catalogue No. 70 FUEL SYSTEMS, ^ LTD., GLASGOW Head Office: 30, Queen Elizabeth Avenue, Hillington, Glasgow, S.W.2 fclcgrams : ' ATOMISER. GLASGOW ' T e le p h o n e : HALFveay 1678- November 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL [Supp. p. V] 25 G h ate o f it / Space is so limited these days that if we listed all our agents in every advertisement we would have no room left to describe what they supply. So we are devoting a whole layout to the job. It may not appear again for a while, so please make a note of your nearest Agent NOW before you forget. M idlands: R. ]. Richardson & Sons, Ltd., Commercial Street, Birmingham, 1. (Midland 2281.) N.E. Coast: J. Parmley Graham & Sons, Ltd., Sun Buildings, Collingwood Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne (Newcastle 23983.) Scotland: Mitchell Graham & Son, Ltd., 56 Buccleuch Street, Edinburgh. (Edinburgh 42025.) C anada: Williams & Wilson, Ltd., 544, Inspector Street, Montreal (Marquette 4591) and 137 Wellington Street West, Toronto. In d ia: A. C. Bottomley & Co., Stronach House, Graham Road, Ballard Estate, Bombay. (Bombay 22333.) Australia: Associated Machine Tools (Australia) Pty., Ltd., 260-262, Kent Street, Sydney (B.7663 and 546-566 Collins Street, Melbourne (M. 1551). New Zealand : Richardson, McCabe & Co., Ltd., 11, Grey Street, Wellington. (42-076.) South Africa : Victor Kent (Transvaal) Pty., Ltd., 12, Sauer Street Ext., Selby Township, Johannesburg, 7 (33,3015) and 62, Ordnance Road, Durban. . SAND BLAST PLANTS, AIR COMPRESSORS, DUST ARRESTERS, ABRASIVES and AIRLESS WHEELABRATOR ABRASIVE CLEANING EQUIPMENT (Sole suppliers in British Empire excluding Canada). TlGHMANs PATENT SAND BLAST CO. LTD. BROADHEATH, Nr. MANCHESTER 543 London Office : 17, Grosvenor Gardens, S.W .I (Vic. 2586) 26 [Supp. p. VI] FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL N O VEM BER 9, 1944 ELECTRIC HO/S7S PULLEY BLOCKS CUPOLA LIFTS RUNWAYS ELECTRIC CRANES SLING CHAINS AIR CRAFT STRINGER & SON ( C R A D L E Y h e a t h ) LTD. Engineers CRADLEY HEATH, Staffs. AND AIR-CRAFT Convey and Pour your Metal in the Modern Way with the Faster— ever faster— is the call in paint Roper Geared Ladle Hoist shops to-day and in every type of 5 to 10 cwtt. capacity industry, Aerograph Spray Painting INCREASES equipment is enabling production PRODUCTION By faster and schedules to be accelerated. safer handling of m etal. But in addition to maximum speed of • SAVES application, Aerograph equipment also LABOUR By one man oper produces perfect finishes, reduces ation throughout. operating costs and it is often the • only way of finishing awkward surfaces MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY efficiently. O btained with our specially de signed ledtea. • Prices and full particulars o n AEROGRAPH application. SPRAY PAINTING & FINISHING SIZES FROM 3' 6 ' dia. to 6' 0 ' dia. EASTON & JOHNSON LTD., Engineers, TAUNTON P H O N E 3144 THOUSANDS OF FOUNDRYMEN CASTINGS “ STAR FOUNDRY F O R ENGINEERS Birmingham Street, NOW PROTECT THEIR FEET WITH WILLENHALL, 8TAFF8. MOTOR TRADES Telephone: /NEIID SAFETY FIRST BOOTS \ & c • 351/2 W ILLEN H ALL. Telegram s: Casting* Sand-Blasted “ STAR FOUNDRY, WILLENHALL" Passed by the British Standards WILLIAM HARPER, Institution S O N & CO. (WILLENHALL) Ltd. Malleable and Soft Grey Ironfounders Molten Metal cannot possibly enter. G. NEILD, VIADUCT WORKS, VIADUCT RD., LEEDS. 4 More than likely they can be made good and sojnd by any or REDUCE YOUR LABOUR all of Commercial Structures' three metal treatments. The PROBLEMS Plastic Pioce s completely seal; porous metal against petrol, oil and steam, and the plastic does not break down even AND LOWER YOUR COSTS under temperatures of 600°F. Commercial Stuctures' low BY EFFICIENT PLANT temperature welding seals blow-holes and cracks, and repairs Prompt Deliveries fractures. Commercial Structures'Metal Spraying builds up v orn suiface, gives a protective surface and a good finish. MOLINEUX Commercial Structures Ltd. FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT LTD. ENGINEERS .»a CONT»ACTO«S: STAFFA AOAD. LETTON. E 10 L.,,on„o„. 1070 MARLBOROUGH ROAD - LONDON, N.I9 28 [Supp. p. VIII] FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL NO V EM BER 9, 1944 • REFINED PIG IRON •CHILLED IRONS • REFINED HEMATITES FOR MOTOR CYLINDERS FOR CHILLED CASTINGS FOR MALLEABLE CASTINGS Catlings made from ihcte irons hive greater density and toughness. You will have fewer reiemons—greater freedom from cracks, breaks and other defects. SPECIAL NICKEL & CHROME ALLOYS Hand Samples on Request— WEST MIDLAND REFINING CO., LTD. Director. : )NO. E. FOSTER. CHAS B. PUGH. Registered Office. L L O Y D S B A N K C H A M B E R S , WALSALL Telephone: WALSALL 2111. BILSTON No. AIOM Telejnm. "IRON BILSTON" N.R.S. HEATING UNITS 50% less fuel, half the drying time, and perfect Cores <& Moulds 2 Brick built for large Stoves USING COKE BREEZE 1 Self-contained for Stoves OR COKE REFUSE UP to 2>000 cubic feet Sole Suppliers: MODERN FURNACES AND STOVES LTD. BOOTH STREET HANDSWORTH ■ BIRMINGHAM, 21 Published by the Proprietors, Industrial Newspapers, Limited, 49, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W C 2 and Printed in Great Britain by Harrison & Sons, Ltd., 44/47, St. Martin’s Lane, London. W .c .2 . ’ NOVEMBER 9, 1944 FOUNDRY TRADE JOURNAL Indispensable in hundreds o f Foundries FLEXTOL Machines have for years been in very wide use in Foundries, particularly for grind ing and cleaning up castings with grinding wheels, wire brushes, etc. They are manufactured in a number of sizes, for light and heavy duty, and 3-speed machines are available for use w ith rotary files, milling cutters, etc. There is a Flextol Machine for every job, including:— FETTLING, G R IN D ING, SCURFING, FLEXIBLE DISC GRINDING, POLISHING, SCREW- - DRIVING, NUT SETTING, ETC., ETC. Send fo r fu lly descriptive Catalogue No. F.37. ‘ More Power to your elbow ’... POWER-DRIVEN HAND TOOLS Trade M ark ifeu. The Machine Never Tires I g ' >!e M anufacturers and Patentees: * £XTOL ENGINEERING COMPANY LTD. 6 G R E E N , E A L IN G , L O N D O N , W.5 nes : Ealing 6444 5 6. 'Grams : “ Dominating,” Ealux, London. WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE IRON AND STEEL TRADES JOURNAL NOVEMBER 9, 1944 ("Single Copy 6d. By Pose 8d. Annual Sub- Offices: 49, Wellington Street, Strand, London. W .C .2 Lscription, Home and Overseas. 21 /-(Prepaid). “ L E E F R A ” REFRACTORIES MANSFIELD MOULDING SAND GANISTER ■ LIMESTONE ' SEA SAND CORE OILS ’ FOUNDRY BRUSHES & SUPPLIES TELEPHONE: 2631