CES 2012 Conference

“Development beyond the Middle Income Trap:

China in Transition”

Kaifeng, China

June 23-25

Program Outline

June 23 Event June 24 Event June 25 08:30- Opening Ceremony 9:00 Continuing 09:00- Education Group Photo 09:15 Program Plenary Session: Keynote Plenary Session: Keynote & 09:15- 09:00- Address I Address II Sightseeing 11:15 11:00 (Mortensen, Woo) (Heckman, O’Brien) Tours 11:15- 11:00- Tea Break Tea Break 11:30 11:15 11:30- Roundtable Forum I & 11:15- Roundtable Forum III & 13:00 Parallel Sessions (E1-E6) 12:45 Parallel Sessions (E19-E24) 13:00- 12:45- Lunch Lunch 14:30 14:15 14:30- Roundtable Forum II & 14:30- Roundtable Forum IV & 16:00 Parallel Sessions (E7-E12) 16:00 Parallel Sessions (E25-E30) 16:00- 16:00- Tea Break Tea Break 16:15 16:15 Plenary Session: 16:15- Parallel Sessions 16:15- Guest Speeches 17:45 (E13-E18) 17:45 Closing Ceremony 18:00- 18:00- Welcome Dinner Farewell Dinner 20:30 20:30

Note:

 All sessions in this program will be conducted in English unless otherwise indicated.  Parallel sessions conducted in Chinese are organized by University and will be announced later.  Session venues will be provided and updated in a later version of the program.

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PROGRAM OF SESSIONS

(Tentative, updated on April 18, 2012)

June 22 (Friday)

09:00 – 23:00 Arrival and Registration

Venue: New Century Grand Hotel, 18:00-19:30 Buffet Dinner June 23 (Saturday) 08:30 – 09:00 Opening Ceremony

Chair: Mingzhai Geng, Dean of School of Economics, Henan University

Speakers: Chancellor of Henan University, CES President, Provincial Official, SAFEA Official

09:00-09:10 Group Photo

09:15-11:15 Plenary Session: Keynote Speech I

Speaker: Dale Mortensen (Northwestern University, 2010 Nobel Prize Laureate) “Misallocation and TFP: Is there a free lunch?”

Speaker: Wing Thye Woo (University of California at Davis and Earth Institute at Columbia University) “The Middle-Income Trap: The Next Challenge for the Chinese Economy”

Moderator: Ding Lu (University of the Fraser Valley and Shanghai University of Finance & Economics)

11:15-11:30 Tea Break

11:30- 13:00 Round Table Forum and Parallel Sessions

Round Table Forum I: Financial Impact of RMB Exchange Rate Movement

Moderator: Yangru Wu (Rutgers University, and Central University of Finance and Economics)

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Panelists: Jimmy Ran (Lingnan University, and Central University of Finance and Economics)

Jie Li and Guangzhong Li (Central University of Finance and Economics)

E01 Middle Income Trap and China

Is financial liberalization a key for China to avoid the middle-income trap? Xu Yingfeng ([email protected])

Middle Income Trap, Deng Paul ([email protected])

An Austrian View on the Middle Income Trap, Schneider Henry ([email protected])

China’s Economic Growth: An ECM Approach, Tsukuda yoshihiko ([email protected]), Jiasha Fu

E02 Finance and Applied Econometrics

Structural Breaks in Volatility of China’s Stock Market, Ni Jinlan; Beichen Wang ([email protected]); Mark Wohar

A Markov Switching Approach to Detecting Housing Bubbles in Hong Kong, Chan Hing Lin ([email protected]);Kai Yin Woo

The Decision to Hedge and the Extent to Hedge, Zhu Margaret Rui ([email protected])

New Evidence from China: Intraday Price Discovery in Stock Index and Stock Index Futures Markets, Shen Fanglin ([email protected] ), Janet Bartholow and Yansong Fan

E03 Econometric Theory

GMM Estimation of a Stochastic Volatility Model with Realized Volatility: A Monte Carlo Study, Pierre Chausse ([email protected] ), Xu Dinghai

Conditional Volatility Estimation - A Quantile Regression Approach, Zhijie Xiao at Boston College ([email protected]), Chi Wan

Directed t-Tests of Inequality Constraints under Alternatives in Linear and Nonlinear Models, Lu Zeng-Hua ([email protected])

Identification and Estimation of Semi-parametric Dynamic Panel Data Models, Shiu Ji- Liang, Yingyao Hu , 168 University Rd. Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi, Taiwan

E04 Outward FDI and Globalization of Chinese Firms

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The Determinants of Outward FDI by Chinese Firms: Evidence from Longitudinal Firm- level Data, Fang Tony ([email protected]), Dr. Zhao Chen, School of Economics, Fudan University

Chinese State-Owned Enterprises, Private Savings and International Portfolio Diversification, Morgan Horatio ([email protected])

Global Vertical Specialization Participation and Domestic Technological Growth: the Case of China, Miao Liu ([email protected]), Bhuiyan Alam

Impact of China's economic cooperation and OFDI on China Africa trade boom, Ping Hua ([email protected])

E05 Economics of Information: Theory and Empirics I

Seller's Reputation and Dependence: Evidence from Yahoo! Japan Auctions, Sun Chia-Hung ([email protected]) , Ji-Liang Shiu

A Case of Ambiguity Attitude Reversal in Partnership Dissolving Auction Experiments,Yu Ning ([email protected])

Belief Aggregation in the Equilibrium Framework, Zhang Jianbo ([email protected]),Yi Jin

Does the information intervention improve the health of the left-behind children?:based on a randomized controlled trial research in Province Chang Fang ([email protected]), Li Fan, Yue Ai, Yang Bin, Yang Chu, Shi Yaojiang

E06 Education Institutions and Outcomes in China

Choices and Equity in College Admissions: Evidence from China, Loyalka Prashant ([email protected]), Sean Sylvia

The Achievement of Left Behind Children in Rural China, Yang Xiaolei ([email protected])

Early Commitment of Financial Aid and Senior High School Decision Making of Poor Students: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural China, Liu Chengfang ([email protected]), Hongmei Yi, Linxiu Zhang, Renfu Luo, Yaojiang Shi, Scott Rozelle, James Chu

Education Inequality and Role of Ethnicity in Educational Achievement in China, Ouyang Yusi ([email protected]), Per Pinstrup-Andersen

13:00 – 14:30 Lunch

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14:30-16:00 Round Table Forum and Parallel Sessions

Round Table Forum II: Land System and Urbanization (in Chinese)

Moderator: James () Wen (Trinity College, USA)

Panelists: Li Tie (National Development and Reform Commission), Dang Guoying (China Academy of Social Sciences), Cai Jiming (Tsinghua University)

E07 Development Economics and Rural China

A Comparison of Gender Discrimination between Rural and Urban China: The Engel’s Method, Tian Xu ([email protected]), Xiaohua Yu

Treatment Effects of Development Program at the Village Level: An Estimation with Kernel-Based Propensity Score Matching, Mo Xiugen ([email protected])

Gift Escalation and Network Structure in Rural China: Utilizing A Unique Long-term Spontaneous Gift Record, Chen Xi ([email protected])

Trusting and trustworthiness in an ethnically diversified region in China: Survey and field experimental evidence, Gong Yazhen ([email protected]), Jintao Xu

E08 Chinese Firms' Export: behavior and consequences

ITC Antidumping case Rulings: Is China being Unfairly Targeted?, Hou Jack ([email protected]), Xiaosong Wang (Remin U. of China)

Financing and the Decision to Export: Evidence from Chinese Firm-Level Data, Catherine Co, Jinlan Ni ([email protected]), Guan Gong

Endogenous Exporting Decisions of Heterogeneous Firms: Theory and Evidences, Yin Xiaopeng ([email protected]), Bing Hu

Judicial Quality, Contact Intensity and Firm Exports: Evidence from China, Wang Yanling ([email protected]), Kunwang Li, Yongjin Wang

E09 Entrepreneurship Development in China

Entrepreneurship self-efficacy and Its Conduction to Farmers’ Business Intention: Case of Shaanxi, Kong Rong ([email protected]), Yanling Peng, Calum Turvey

The Role of Human Capital in Entrepreneurship and Re-employment of Retrenchment Labor in China, Liang yunling ([email protected]), Yu Li

Kinship Network, Risk Sharing, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from rural China, Yuan Yan ([email protected]), Zhao Rong

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Are Entrepreneurs A Different Breed? —– A Preliminary Study of Entrepreneurs’ Risk and Personality Characteristics Using Experimental Data, Jiang Bing ([email protected]), Monica C. Capra

The Determinants of China’s Entrepreneurship Guo Liang ([email protected]), Sujuan Xie, Lawrence King (Cambridge University)

E10 Health Economics and Policy

Economic Cycles and Childhood Obesity in the US, Zhang Qi ([email protected])

The effect of technological advances on obesity and weight gain among Chinese female adults: Evidence from China's "home appliances going to the countryside" policy, Chen Cheng ([email protected]), Chou, Shin-Yi ([email protected])

The Medical Cost Attributable to Obesity and Overweight in China: Estimation Based on China Health and Nutrition Surveys, Qin Xuezheng ([email protected])

Fast Food Consumption and Child Obesity in China: Application of Switching Regression Model, Zhang xu ([email protected]), Akpalu,Wisdom

E11 Demand for Food Safety in China and the US

Demand for Food Safety in China and the U.S. and Implications for Trade, Xu Pei ([email protected]), Wang, Zhigang

Marketing of Genetically Modified (GM) agricultural products -Public awareness and consumer behaviour, Dong Lily ([email protected]), Mingchu Zhang, James Collins

U.S. Consumer Demand for Food Safety and Eco-friendly Production Process Attributes in Imported Aquaculture Products, Wang H. Holly ([email protected]), David L. Ortega, Nicole J. Olynk

Impacts of Agricultural Inputs on Output in China: An Empirical Analysis, Zou Yang ([email protected]), Qingbin Wang, Jinzhen Ye

Household consumption of pork and other animal products in rural China and implications for trade, Wang Qingbin ([email protected]), Minghao Li, Guangxuan Zhang , Wei Zhang

E12 Rural-urban Migration in China: behavior and consequences

Labor Migration Choice and Its Impacts on Households in Rural China, Rong Zhao ([email protected]), Liu Yang, Yan Yuan

The impact of migration restrictions on human capital accumulation in China, Pan Yao ([email protected])

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Characteristics and Job Attitudes of China’s New Generation of Migrants - Evidence from the Less-Developed Western Region, Wang Huashu ([email protected]), Nico Heerink, Lei Pan

Wage Inequality of Chinese Rural-Urban Migrants from 2002 to 2007, Qu Frank ([email protected]), Zhong Zhao, Renmin University of China, IZA

Geographical proximity and Constrained Urban Land Use Efficiency: A case of Chinese City (1990-2006), Yiu Por (Vincent) Chen ([email protected])

16:00-16:15 Tea Break

16:15-17:45 Parallel Sessions

E13 Economics of Information: Theory and Empirics II

Risk Retention Regulation of Bank Asset Securitization: An Adverse Selection Perspective, Guixia Guo ([email protected]), Ho-Mou Wu

Dynamic Pricing Strategies under Demand Uncertainty, Yuan Hong ([email protected]), Qiang Gong

Are Lottery Players Affected by Winning History? Evidence from China's Individual Lottery Betting Panel Data, YUAN Jia ([email protected])

Capacity Constraint, Merger Paradox and Merger Waves, Dong Baomin ([email protected]), Guixia Guo

E14 Health and Health Insurance in China

Unattended but not Undernourished: the Left-behind Young Children in Rural China, de Brauw Alan (Ren [email protected])

Better life: the impact of health insurance on health, Pan Jie ([email protected]), Lei Xiaoiyan, Liu Guoen

Adverse selection and Learning in Health Insurance Choice, Shaoyang Zhao ([email protected]), Zang wenbin

The Effects of National Health Insurance Coverage on Health Outcomes and Health Care: The Case of the New Cooperative Medicine Scheme in Rural China, Fang Xiangming ([email protected]) , Xueling Chu, Donald Liu

E15 China's Labor Market: institutions and outcomes

Modeling Chinese Labor Market: A Deep Investigation of the Current Hukou System, Song Yang ([email protected]), Gary Fields

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The Effect of Minimum Wage on Average Wage and Employment: Evidence from Firms in Chinese Manufacturing Industry, Ma Shuang ([email protected]), Jie Zhang; Xi Zhu

The Impact of Occupational Licensing on Labor’s Income in China, Chi Wei ([email protected]), Xiaoye Qian

Powerful Elites or Productive Workers? Wang Le ([email protected])

The Economic Return of Higher Education in China, Zhu Hong ([email protected]), Jinlan NI

E16 Exchange Rate and International Trade

The Political Economy of "Currency Manipulation" Bashing, Ramirez Carlos ([email protected])

The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on ASEAN-5 Exports, Li Xiaonan ([email protected])

Exchange Rate Pass Through of RMB--Does It Change Over Time, Gao JiaLe Wang ([email protected])

What determines China's trade balance dynamics? A disaggregated analysis of panel data, Gu Xin Zhangyue Zhou, ([email protected]), A.B.M. Rabiul Alam Beg

E17 China's Monetary Policy

Central Bank Communication and Bond Markets in China, Girardin Eric ([email protected]), Alicia Garcia-Herrero ([email protected]), and Sandrine Leuven ([email protected])

A comparative analysis of different tools of the People’s bank of China in effectiveness, Tian Lei ([email protected]), Langnan Chen, Jianhao Lin

Recent Macroeconomic Stability in China, Chen Haiqiang ([email protected]), Qing He

China’s Domestic Capital Mobility and the Role of the Government: A Nonparametric Panel Approach, Jiang MingMing ([email protected])

E18 Agricultural Economics

A multi-stage dynamic food demand system: an application to urban China, Zhou De ([email protected]), Xiaohua Yu

Determination of Food Self-sufficiency Rate along Economic Development: Theory and Empirics, Xiang Tao ([email protected]), Tao Xiang, Xinhai Lu, Guangsheng Sun, Anneleen Vandeplas

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Chinese Consumers’ Willingness-to-Pay for the Pork with a Quality and Safety Label, Xu Pei Wang ([email protected])

Effects of water priority policy on farmers’ decision on acreage allocation in Northwest China, Zhang Lei ([email protected]), Thomas Herzfeld

The Different Impacts of International Commoidty Prices on China’s Food Price Inflation in Urban and Rural Areas, Chen Wei ([email protected]), Won W. Koo, Fangwei Wu

18:00-20:30 Welcome Dinner

June 24 (Sunday)

09:00-11:00 Plenary Session: Keynote Speech II

Speaker: James Heckman (University of Chicago, 2000 Nobel Prize Laureate) “Hard Evidence on Soft Skills”

Speaker: Patrick O’Brien (London School of Economics) “Mercantilist Foundations for England's Precious, Europe's Delayed and China's Late Transition to Industrial Market Economies”

Moderator: Jinlan Ni (University of Nebraska at Omaha)

11:00-11:15 Tea Break

11:15 – 12:45 Round Table Forum and Parallel Sessions

Round Table Forum III: Food Security, food price, food safety and agricultural policy

Moderator: Holly Wang (Purdue University)

Scott Rozell (Stanford University), Jikun Huang (China Academy of Science), Tom Reardon (Renmin University and Michigan State University)

E19 Central-local Relations and Regional Development

Interjurisdictional Tax Competition and the Loss of Farmland in China, Liu Yongzheng ([email protected]), Jorge Martinez-Vazquez

Local Officials Induce Structural Change, Lingyun Song ([email protected]), Xianbin Wang and Xianxiang Xu

The National and Regional Effects of Fiscal Decentralisation in China, Anping Chen ([email protected]), Nicolaas Groenewold,

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Measuring Convergence using Dynamic Equilibrium Models: Evidence from Chinese Provinces, Van der Wel Michel ([email protected]), Lei Pan, Olaf Posch

E20 Children's Health in China

Getting What You Pay For with School-based Health Programs: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Educator Incentives for Anemia Reduction in Rural China, Sylvia Sean ([email protected]), Renfu Luo, Linxiu Zhang, Yaojiang Shi, Grant Miller, Alexis Medina, Scott Rozelle

School-Based Nutritional Knowledge Training and Its Effects in Rural China:Empirical Study of RCT in Rural China’s Elementary Schools, Li Fan ([email protected]), Chang Fang, Shi Yaojiang

Improving the health and education of elementary students in rural china: iron supplementation or parental education on anemia, Luo Renfu ([email protected]), Alex Ho Lun Wong, Yaojiang Shi, Linxiu Zhang, Scott Rozelle

Does Maternal Education Have a Causal Effect on Child Health?Evidence from Chinese Twins, Hongbin Li ([email protected]), Yanyan Xiong, Junsen Zhang

E21 Environmental Economics

The carbon leakage in the bilateral trade between China and Canada: What would have been the efficiency of Kyoto Protocole? He Jie ([email protected]), Yves Meless

An empirical analysis of the CO2 shadow price in Chinese thermal power plants, Chu WEI ([email protected]), Andreas Loschel, Bing Liu

Economic Growth, Agglomeration Economies and Environmental Degradation: Empirical Evidences of EKC with Chinese Cities, Puyang Sun ([email protected]), Qiqin Xu

Economic and Environmental Effects of Water Pollution Abatement Policy in China: a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Analysis, wen chen ([email protected]), Lai mingyong, Mai yinhua

Political incentive and provincial environmental performance in China, Xiong Hang ([email protected])

E22 Urban Development in China

Congestion Pricing in China: How? Song Shunfeng ([email protected])

The Total Economic Value of Tien-Wei Highway Garden in Taiwan, Huang Chin-Huang (Chun-Hung [email protected])

Counties Left Behind: The Distributional Impact of High-Speed Rail Upgrade in China, Qin Yu ([email protected])

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Land Price and Intra-country Industrial Relocation in China -Theory and the Yangtze Delta Area Case Gene Chang ([email protected]), Changliu Jiang, Kathryn Chang

Does Climate Change Affect Urbanization in China? Holst Rainer ([email protected]), Yu, Xiaohua, Xu, Tian

E23 Finance and Development I

Financial Repression and Structural Imbalances, Wang Xun ([email protected]), Anders Johansson

Income Difference and Informal Interest Rates in Rural China, Xu Lihe ([email protected]), Yan Yuan

Incentive Mechanism, Loan Decision and Credit Rationing: A Field Experiment in China, Cao Ying ([email protected]), Calum Turvey, Jiujie Ma, Rong Kong, Guangwen He, Jubo Yan

The Long-run Growth from a “Business Cycle Accounting” Perspective, Zhao Hongchun ([email protected])

The co-development of economies and institutions, Shen Ling ([email protected] ) , Che Dawei

E24 FDI Spillover in China

FDI and Rural Educational Attainment in China, Zhuang Hong ([email protected])

Foreign Direct Investment and Income Inequality in China,Yao Li, Theresa Greaney ([email protected])

FDI and Human Capital in the Growth of Chinese Cities, Su Yaqin ([email protected])

The FDI Provincial Convergence Process: Do Spatial Dependence Matter? Renard Mary- Françoise ([email protected]), Nasser Ari Tanimoune, Cécile Batisse

12:45 – 14:15 Lunch

14:30-16:00 Round Table Forum and Parallel Sessions

Round Table Forum IV: Environment and Sustainable Development

Moderator: Mary-Françoise Renard (CERDI, Université d’Auvergne) and Jie He (Université de Sherbrooke)

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Shiqiu Zhang (Beijing University), Chuan-Zhong Li (University of Uppsala) and Jinhua Zhao (Michigan State University), Hui Li (Eastern Illinois University)

E25 Social Aspects of Economic Development

Social Capital and Institutional Change in China– Do Networks Matter for China’s Economic and Social Transition? Brehm Stefan ([email protected]), Mingming Shen

The Fair Division of Income Distribution and the Inequality of Individual Growth, Mingliang Frank Shao ([email protected])

Income polarization and emergence of middle class(es) in rural and urban China, Bonnefond Céline ([email protected]), Matthieu Clement

Commuting Cost and Labor Supply: Evidence from a Satellite Campus, Fu Shihe ([email protected]), V. Brian Viard

E26 Productivity and Technological Change in China

China's R&D intensification and the role of the state, Hu Guangzhou ([email protected])

How Does FDI Affect Industrial Productivity in China? Evidence from Panel Data of Industrial Sectors in 2001-2010, Zhang Kevin H ([email protected])

Labor productivity and regional covergence in China: A sectoral analysis, Tochkov Kiril ([email protected]), Wenting Yu, Texas Christian University

Evaluating Market Power and Productivity for Chinese Dairy Industry, Guo QING ([email protected]), Hong Wang, Yongjun Chen

The Sources of Bank Productivity Growth in China during 2002-2009: A Disaggregation View, Chou Ray ([email protected]), Jin-Li Hu, Tzu-Pu Chang, Lei Sun

E27 China's Real Estate Market

A Spatial Hedonic Study for Monopoly Supplied Urban Land via English Auction: Evidence from China, Liu Lu ([email protected]), Paul Jakus

Can house price appreciation explain the high household saving rates in urban China? An empirical analysis based on micro data of CHIPS, Zhao Xiliang ([email protected]), Wenquan Liang, Shi Li

Is there a bubble in the Chinese housing market? Zhang Yanqun ([email protected]), Christian Dreger

E28 Finance and Development II

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Has the Chinese Growth Model Changed? A View from the Credit Market Herrala Risto ([email protected]), Yandong Jia

Does CEO turnover matter in China ? Evidence from the stock market, Pessarossi Pierre ([email protected]), Dr. Laurent Weill ([email protected])

CEO Bonding: Who Posts Performance Bonds and Why? Zhou Minghai ([email protected]), Alex Bryson and John Forth

Bank Financing and New Venture Formation in China: Quantity vs. Quality, Zhou Mingming ([email protected]), Iftekhar Hasan, Nada Kobeissi, Haizhi Wang

E29 Household Behavior: savings and consumption

Does Earning One’s Income Also Induce Greater Spending Accountability? Evidence from Rural China and Tanzania, Pan Lei ([email protected]), Luc Christiaensen

Analysis of the Impact of Inflation on the Consumption Behavior of Chinese Belonging to Different Income Strata, Zhang Shishu ([email protected])

Health insurance, precautionary savings and household portfolio choice in China, Zhou Qin ([email protected]), Kisalaya Basu

Rationality, Market and Rural Credit: Case of Fude Association, Peng Kaixiang ([email protected])

E30 Ageing and Pension Reform in China

The Retirement-consumption Puzzle -- Analysis Based on the Mandatory Retirement Rule in China, Dong Yingying([email protected] ), Dennis Tao Yang

Population aging and public pension: the case of Beijing based on OLG model, Zaigui Yang ([email protected])

Is the 401(k) Plan the Best Option for China’s Private Pension Reform? Wu Yanyuan (Apirl) ([email protected]),

16:00 - 16:15 Tea Break

16:15 – 17:15 Plenary Session: Guest Speeches (TBA)

17:15 – 17:45 Closing Ceremony

18:00 – 20:30 Farewell Dinner and Student Music-Dance Show

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Information for Session Panellists CES 2012 Conference

Kaifeng, China

June 23-24, 2012

General Guideline

 All sessions coded with “E” (e.g. E01, …, E30) are to be conducted in English.  Each session is of 90 minutes of length and contains 4 or 5 papers.  As a default, for a typical 5-paper session, each presenter is entitled to 10 minutes for the presentation, followed by 5 minutes for the formal discussant, with the remaining time for audience comments and questions. If fewer papers are in the session, each paper’s allotted time will increase as the Chair sees appropriate.  Sessions are to commence on time, and papers should be delivered in the sequence in which they appear in the conference program.  The rooms will have facilities for computer-assisted presentations, using PowerPoint or PDF. Presenters are advised to use this technology to make their presentations.  The names and e-mail addresses of the participants in your session are listed in the program.

Session Chair

The presenting author of the first paper listed in each session in the program will be the Session Chair. The Session Chair is responsible of:

 Assigning each paper in the session to a discussant among the panellists.  Allocating time to individual paper presentations and paper discussions in an equal and fair manner. The Chair has some latitude in allocating time but should follow the general time management guideline above.  Keeping time and signalling to the presenters how much time is left at appropriate points. If a speaker extends a presentation for more than 2 minutes past the mark, the Chair is allowed to cut off a speaker and proceed to the discussant or next presentation.

Paper presenters

 Please make every effort to get an electronic version (in PDF format) of your paper to your panel members, the session Chair, and the other session participants as quickly as possible, preferably no later than 2 weeks before the conference.  The file of presentation should be sent to the Chair before the conference.  Present yourself in the conference room at least 2 minutes before the start time.

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 Bring your presentation file on a memory key, in addition to having sent it to the session Chair.

Discussants

The role of the discussant is to critique the paper under consideration.

 Papers should be discussed courteously and tactfully. The idea is to provide constructive criticism that will help the audience understand the paper and allow the author of the paper to rethink important points, and possibly improve the paper.  Discussions should neither be glorifications nor vilifications.  Discussions should not simply summarize the paper and rehash the author's presentation, but offer an alternative perspective.  Discussants should also refrain from turning the allotted time into a presentation of the discussant's own research; discussions should stay close to the paper under consideration.

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