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Bahía De Sechura

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Bahía De Sechura ESTUDIO DE LÍNEA BASE DE LA BAHÍA DE SECHURA MARZO 2007 2 PARTICIPANTES Coordinación General Erasmo Isaías Gonzales Chávez Víctor Eduardo Yépez Pinillos Línea de Geología y sedimento Federico Augusto Velazco Castillo - Cartografía batimétrica Luís Manuel Beltrán Balarezo - Carta de sedimentos Juana Luz Solís Acosta Línea de Oceanografía Física Luís Lorenzo Pizarro Pereyra - Corrientes y mareas Luís Alberto Vásquez Espinoza Línea Oceanografía Química Julio Octavio Morón Antonio - Nutrientes Jesús Alejandro Ledesma Rivera - Clorofila Carlos Armando Robles Cáceres Línea Oceanografía Biológica Carmen Soledad Guzmán Cárdenas - Comunidad bentónica Luís Fernando Quipuscoa Olguin - Producción secundaria Patricia Mercedes Ayón Dejo - Producción primaria Sonia Sánchez Ramírez Rosa Elcira Delgado Loayza Yessica Liliana Quispe Ramírez Línea Calidad Marina Guadalupe Sánchez Rivas - Microbiológico Rita Esther Orozco Moreyra - Metales pesados Jesús Manuel Guzmán Roca - Sulfuros de hidrogeno Ritha Yaquelin Cabello Torres - DBO5 Violeta de Jesús Flores Dominick Línea de Recursos Pesqueros Erasmo Isaías Gonzales Chávez - Invertebrados marinos Carmen R. Yamashiro Guinoza María Nelly Sanjinez Alvites - Pesquería Artesanal Luis Alberto Caccha Alegría Aldo José Rodríguez Flores Carlota Elisa Estrella Arellano Línea de Diversidad Biológica Joe Martín Macalupú Rosado Aldo Indacochea Apoyo Logístico Centro Regional IMARPE-PIURA Sede Central del IMARPE 3 CONTENIDO 1. Introducción 06 2. Plan general de muestreo 06 3. Descripción general del área de estudio 08 4. Características climáticas del área de estudio 08 4.1. Ambiente marino 08 4.2 .Ambiente terrestre 08 5. Características geológicas y fisiográficas 14 5.1. Información geológica y fisiográfica 14 5.2. Metodología 21 5.3. Descripción de la línea de orilla (playas) 22 5.4. Batimetría 23 5.5. Caracterización del fondo marino (sedimentos) 25 6. Características oceanográficas 28 6.1. Información oceanográfica del área de estudio 28 6.2. Metodología de evaluación y análisis 31 6.3. Mediciones de corrientes 31 6.4. Mareas 31 7. Características fisicoquímicas del agua 32 7.1. Metodología de evaluación y análisis 32 7.2. Temperatura: superficie y fondo 33 7.3. Oxígeno: superficie y fondo 34 7.4. Nutrientes: superficie y fondo 34 7.5. Salinidad: masas de agua 35 8. Características bioecológicas 36 8.1. Información bioecológica del área de estudio 36 8.2. Metodología de análisis 40 8.3. Clorofila 43 8.4. Concentración y componentes del fitoplancton 44 8.5. Concentración y componentes del zooplancton 49 8.6. Características y componentes del bentos marino 52 9. Características de la calidad ambiental de la bahía 53 9.1. Información de la calidad ambiental de la bahía 53 9.2. Metodología de análisis 53 9.3. Fuentes de contaminación 54 9.4. Indicadores de contaminación fecal 56 9.5. Demanda bioquímica de oxigeno (DBO5) 58 9.6. Sulfuro de hidrógeno 59 9.7. Metales pesados 60 10. Diversidad biológica y recursos pesqueros 64 10.1 Diversidad bioecológica del ecosistema pelágico 64 10.1.1. Riqueza especiológica (d) Margalef 64 10.1.2. Índice Shannon – Wiener (H´) 65 10.1.3 Índice de equidad de Pielov (j´) 65 10.1.4. Curva de K-dominancia (2000 – 2005) 66 4 10.2. Diversidad bioecológica del ecosistema bento-demersal 67 10.2.1. Riqueza especiológica (d) Margalef 67 10.2.2. Índice Shannon – Wiener (H´) 67 10.2.3. Índice de equidad de Pielov (j´) 68 10.2.4. Curva de K-dominancia (2000 – 2006) 68 11. Estadísticas pesqueras de la bahía de Sechura 71 11.1. Estadísticas de la pesquería pelágica en la bahía de Sechura 72 11.2. Estadísticas de la pesquería demersal en la bahía de Sechura 75 11.3. Estadísticas de la pesquería bentónica en la bahía de Sechura 77 12. Delimitación de los principales bancos de recursos bentónicos 81 12.1. Banco natural de concha de abanico 81 12.2. Banco natural de caracol negro 82 12.3. Banco natural de caracol rosado 82 12.4. Banco natural caracol babosa 82 12.5. Banco natural de caracol piña 83 12.6. Banco natural de pulpo 83 12.7. Praderas de algas 84 13. Áreas de pesca artesanal en la bahía de Sechura 84 Bibliografía 86 ANEXOS Cuadros Galería de fotos 5 1. Introducción El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir las condiciones actuales del ambiente marino y borde costero, así como de los principales recursos pesqueros de la bahía de Sechura. La recopilación de los datos para la elaboración del Estudio de Línea de Base (ELBA) de la bahía de Sechura, correspondiente a las poblaciones de los recursos pesqueros, de la calidad del agua, características oceanografías, meteorología, entre otros; es fundamental para evaluar el impacto ambiental que generará la actividad de repoblamiento de la concha de abanico en el área, ya que permite tener un registro de las condiciones del medio previo al desarrollo de la actividad. La línea base ha sido desarrollada tomando en cuenta gran parte de la información existente, como estudios ambientales y bioecológicos realizados por el IMARPE y otras instituciones; igualmente material resultante de estudios específicos, tales como mapas geológicos, hidrogeológicos y batimétricos e imágenes satelitales. Además, se realizaron muestreos, mediciones y registros de campo específicos para este estudio, a fin de mejorar la base de datos existente sobre los parámetros ambientales imprescindibles para este estudio (por ej. calidad de agua y sedimentos, muestreos de la biota y otros); lo cual ha permitido describir con suficiente aproximación las condiciones ambientales de la bahía. 2. Plan general de muestreo El trabajo de campo se realizó del 14 al 28 de enero de 2007, realizándose durante los días 14, 15 y 22 las observaciones y toma muestras en 12 estaciones en playa, con el fin de evaluar la calidad marina en áreas próximas a la costa y los organismos de la zona intermareal, asimismo la presencia de aves y ejecución de actividades extractivas; cubriendo el sector comprendido entre Punta Gobernador (extremo norte de la bahía) hasta Punta Aguja (extremo sur). Los días subsiguientes correspondieron a los trabajos de mar, realizados a bordo de la embarcación marisquera artesanal “Milton”, provista de compresora de baja presión y accesorios de buceo, obteniéndose en 47 estaciones de muestreo información sobre aspectos batimétricos, oceanográficos, ambientales, biológicos y de sedimentos. La ubicación de las estaciones se realizó con un GPS Garmin 12 XL, con coordenadas geográficas referidas al DATUM 84. La metodología específica para la toma de muestras y tratamiento de la información se detalla en cada uno de los capítulos correspondientes. A continuación se presenta el mapa con la ubicación de las estaciones de muestreo en playa y las estaciones oceanográficas. (Fig. 1). 6 81°10` 81°00` 80°50` 05°10` Punta Blanca ESTUDIO BATILITOLOGICO 05°10` * BATIMETRIA (todos los puntos) Punta Foca ESTACIONES OCEANOGRAFICAS Temperatura Fitoplancton Playa Perico Salinidad Zooplancton Oxígeno Bentos Nutrientes Metales Pesados Punta La Tortuga Sulfuros Circulación Marina Grasas y Aceites Microbiología Punta Gobernador Materia orgánica DBO5 Sedimento (granolumétrico y organoléptico) 1 A BUCEO (en las estaciones < 30m) 2 Playa La Casita 05°20` 12 estaciones de playas (muestreo biologico y 05°20` Calidad ambiental) 3 4 B Playa San Pablo 5 6 C 8 7 San Pablo D 9 10 11 Playa San Pablo 14 13 12 E 15 16 17 Bocana San Pedro 05°30` 05°30` 20 19 18 SECHURA 23 24 21 22 Chullillachi F 25 28 27 26 29 30 31 Palo Parado GMata Caballo 35 34 33 32 H 05°40` 36 37 38 39 Constante 05°40` Playa Las Delicias 41 43 42 40 I Parachique 44 La Bocana 47 Punta Aguja 45 46 J Estuario de Virrila 05°50` Punta Blanca L K 05°50` Punta Nonura Punta Tric Trac Punta Falsa 81°10` 81°00` 80°50` Figura 1. Carta de ubicación de las estaciones de muestreo. Enero 2007. 7 3. Descripción general del área de estudio La bahía de Sechura se encuentra ubicada en la provincia del mismo nombre, entre los paralelos 5°18´46” y 5°50´33”, está delimitada al norte por Punta Gobernador y Punta Aguja por el sur, tiene una extensión aproximada de 89 km (Figura 1). Su borde costero se caracteriza por la presencia de humedales, que están conformados por el Estuario de Virrilá, los manglares de San Pedro y Palo Parado; todo este sistema tiene una gran influencia sobre el ecosistema marino costero cuando es impactado por los efectos del evento de El Niño. Este sistema de humedales costeros resalta por sus características biológicas particulares, tanto por su flora como por su fauna silvestre (destacando las aves migratorias). Asimismo, se encuentran rodeados por una particular cobertura vegetal, como son los bosques secos. 4. Características climáticas del área de estudio 4.1. Ambiente marino El Mar Peruano tiene tres zonas o áreas de vida bien demarcadas, influenciadas por la presencia de las corrientes marinas y las singulares características de sus aguas. • La primera zona es el extremo sur de la región que abarca los mares costeros desde Baja California hasta los 4° latitud sur y es denominada Mar Tropical. Esta zona es influenciada por las corrientes cálidas tropicales, siendo la de mayor trascendencia la Corriente El Niño. • La segunda zona está comprendida en el ámbito que abarca desde los 4° latitud sur hasta el norte de Chile y es denominada Mar Frío. Esta zona es influenciada por la Corriente Peruana o de Humboldt, de aguas frías provenientes del sur. • La tercera zona considerada como zona de transición, de extensión variable, abarca gran parte del mar del norte peruano, desde las costas del departamento de Lambayeque hasta el departamento de Tumbes y la extensión de esta zona depende de la interacción entre las corrientes tropicales y las corrientes frías. 4.2 Ambiente Terrestre La región se caracterizará por la influencia acentuada de los siguientes elementos fisiográficos y climatológicos: • Configuración topográfica constituida predominantemente por quebradas secas que desembocan en el litoral y que conducen agua sólo cuando se presentan las lluvias veraniegas, especialmente con las lluvias debidas a los eventuales Fenómenos El Niño.
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