Genetic Variation and DNA Fingerprinting of Durian Types in Malaysia Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers
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Durio Zibethinus
1 The Draft Genome of Tropical Fruit Durian (Durio zibethinus) 2 1,2,3,4,5,6# 2,7 2,7 3 3 Bin Tean Teh , Kevin Lim *, Chern Han Yong *, Cedric Chuan Young Ng *, Sushma Ramesh 8,14,15,16 3 2,4, 7 9 10 4 Rao , Vikneswari Rajasegaran , Weng Khong Lim , Choon Kiat Ong , Ki Chan , Vincent Kin 11 12 8,14,15,16,17 2,4,7 13 5 Yuen Cheng , Poh Sheng Soh , Sanjay Swarup , Steven G Rozen , Niranjan Nagarajan , 1,2,4,5,13# 6 Patrick Tan 7 8 1 9 Thorn Biosystems Pte Ltd, Singapore 2 10 Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 3 11 Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 4 12 SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre, Singapore 5 13 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 6 14 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Singapore 7 15 Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 8 16 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 9 17 Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 10 18 Global Databank, Singapore 11 19 Verdant Foundation, Hong Kong 12 20 Samsoney Group, Malaysia 13 21 Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 14 22 Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 23 Singapore 15 24 Metabolites Biology Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore 16 25 NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation, Life Sciences Institute, National 26 University of Singapore, Singapore 17 27 NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 28 29 30 * Denotes equal contribution 31 32 # Address correspondence: [email protected] (B.T.T.) or [email protected] 33 (P.T.) 34 2 35 Abstract 36 Durian (Durio zibethinus) is a South East Asian tropical plant species, well-known for its hefty spine- 37 covered fruit and notorious sulfury and onion-like odor. -
Plant Systematics in the Next 50 Years-Re-Mapping the New Frontier
TAXON50 - AUGUST2001 713 Plant systematics in the next 50 years-re-mapping the new frontier Kenneth J. Sytsma' & J. Chris Pires' Summary Sytsma, K. J. & Pires, J. C.: Plant systematicsin the next 50 years-re-mapping the new frontier.- Taxon50: 713-732. 2001. - ISSN0040-0262. In the historicalcontext of plantsystematics over the last 50 years, systematicsis examined in termsof where it is now, where it is headed,where it shouldbe, and how it shouldget there.Issues andconcerns of the pastdecades are still with us today.Molecular systematics has become the over-archingfield in systematics,but each of eight other areas (genome, chromosomes,morphology and anatomy, development,population biology, speciation, floristicsand monography,nomenclature and classification)are evaluated.A revolutionin systematicsis not necessaryfor the next 50 years in plantsystematics. What is neededis a re-mappingof our disciplinethat involves four elements for the futuregrowth and healthof botanical systematics:plant systematicsand its utility, dialogue with other disciplines, multi-disciplinarytraining, and a pluralisticviewpoint. Keywords:phylogenetics, pluralism, systematics, taxonomy. Introduction-looking back in order to look forward "These times were full of new discoveries and new techniques. There was widespread belief that we would soon fully understand the processes of micro- evolution and the origin of higher plant diversity, and be able to express this satisfactorily in our systematic arrangements." This optimistic sentiment well summarises the last decade or two in systematic biology, with allusions to the multitude of systematic and evolutionary tools now at our disposal and to the many exciting discoveries in diverse fields ranging from the origin of species (Rieseberg, 1998) to the evolutionary history and rise of angio- sperms (Qiu & al., 1999) and even land plants (Qiu & Palmer, 1999; Pryer & al., 2001). -
Ecosystem Services Provided by Bats
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. ISSN 0077-8923 ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Issue: The Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology Ecosystem services provided by bats Thomas H. Kunz,1 Elizabeth Braun de Torrez,1 Dana Bauer,2 Tatyana Lobova,3 and Theodore H. Fleming4 1Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. 2Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. 3Department of Biology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia. 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Address for correspondence: Thomas H. Kunz, Ph.D., Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215. [email protected] Ecosystem services are the benefits obtained from the environment that increase human well-being. Economic valuation is conducted by measuring the human welfare gains or losses that result from changes in the provision of ecosystem services. Bats have long been postulated to play important roles in arthropod suppression, seed dispersal, and pollination; however, only recently have these ecosystem services begun to be thoroughly evaluated. Here, we review the available literature on the ecological and economic impact of ecosystem services provided by bats. We describe dietary preferences, foraging behaviors, adaptations, and phylogenetic histories of insectivorous, frugivorous, and nectarivorous bats worldwide in the context of their respective ecosystem services. For each trophic ensemble, we discuss the consequences of these ecological interactions on both natural and agricultural systems. Throughout this review, we highlight the research needed to fully determine the ecosystem services in question. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of economic valuation of ecosystem services. -
Helicteres Prostrata (Malvaceae), a New Record for Thailand and Lectotypifications of H
THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 47(1): 16–18. 2019. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2019.47.1.04 Helicteres prostrata (Malvaceae), a new record for Thailand and lectotypifications of H. poilanei and H. vinosa PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI1,* & SEKSUN POOMPO2 ABSTRACT A new record, Helicteres prostrata in Thailand is described and illustrated. Lectotypes of H. poilanei and H. vinosa are also selected. KEYWORDS: Helicteroideae, Phu Phan, typification. Accepted for publication: 31 January 2019. Published online: 13 February 2019 INTRODUCTION Prostrate herb with many branches; branches terete, brownish, glabrescent. Leaves coriaceous, Helicteres was described by Linnaeus (1753), alternate, oblong, oblong-ovate or ovate, 2–7 × with two species, H. angustifolia L. and H. isora L. 2–4 cm; base obtuse or rounded; margin entire, The genus of ca 60 species is in the family Malvaceae denticulate along apical half; apex acute; upper subfamily Helicteroideae (Bayer 1999; Simpson, surface green, glabrous; lower surface pale green, 2006) and occurs in tropical America and Asia hairy, brownish when dry; basal veins 5, lateral veins (Mabberley, 2008). It is characterized by stamens 4–7 pairs; petioles 2–5 mm long, hairy; stipules and pistil on an androgynophore, united sepals, 3–4 mm long, filiform or linear, hairy.Inflorescences oblong fruits with hairs, and wingless seeds. The axillary or terminal, 1–2 per axil, 2–5-flowered; first checklist ofHelicteres species in Thailand by peduncle 4–10 mm long, hairy; bract and epicalyx Craib (1925) included 11 species and two varieties. linear. Flowers with short pedicel. Calyx campanulate, Later, in the account of the genus Helicteres for the 5–7 mm long, 5-lobed, unequal, whitish green, hairy. -
Tropical Forests
1740 TROPICAL FORESTS / Bombacaceae in turn cause wild swings in the ecology and these Birks JS and Barnes RD (1990) Provenance Variation in swings themselves can sometimes prove to be beyond Pinus caribaea, P. oocarpa and P. patula ssp. tecunuma- control through management. In the exotic environ- nii. Tropical Forestry Papers no. 21. Oxford, UK: Oxford ments, it is impossible to predict or even conceive of Forestry Institute. the events that may occur and to know their Critchfield WB and Little EL (1966) Geographic Distribu- consequences. Introduction of diversity in the forest tion of the Pines of the World. Washington, DC: USDA Miscellaneous Publications. through mixed ages, mixed species, rotation of Duffield JW (1952) Relationships and species hybridization species, silvicultural treatment, and genetic variation in the genus Pinus. Zeitschrift fu¨r Forstgenetik und may make ecology and management more complex Forstpflanzenzuchtung 1: 93–100. but it will render the crop ecosystem much more Farjon A and Styles BT (1997) Pinus (Pinaceae). Flora stable, robust, and self-perpetuating and provide Neotropica Monograph no. 75. New York: New York buffers against disasters. The forester must treat crop Botanical Garden. protection as part of silvicultural planning. Ivory MH (1980) Ectomycorrhizal fungi of lowland tropical pines in natural forests and exotic plantations. See also: Pathology: Diseases affecting Exotic Planta- In: Mikola P (ed.) Tropical Mycorrhiza Research, tion Species; Diseases of Forest Trees. Temperate and pp. 110–117. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Mediterranean Forests: Northern Coniferous Forests; Ivory MH (1987) Diseases and Disorders of Pines in the Southern Coniferous Forests. Temperate Ecosystems: Tropics. Overseas Research Publication no. -
Appendix 1 Vernacular Names
Appendix 1 Vernacular Names The vernacular names listed below have been collected from the literature. Few have phonetic spellings. Spelling is not helped by the difficulties of transcribing unwritten languages into European syllables and Roman script. Some languages have several names for the same species. Further complications arise from the various dialects and corruptions within a language, and use of names borrowed from other languages. Where the people are bilingual the person recording the name may fail to check which language it comes from. For example, in northern Sahel where Arabic is the lingua franca, the recorded names, supposedly Arabic, include a number from local languages. Sometimes the same name may be used for several species. For example, kiri is the Susu name for both Adansonia digitata and Drypetes afzelii. There is nothing unusual about such complications. For example, Grigson (1955) cites 52 English synonyms for the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in the British Isles, and also mentions several examples of the same vernacular name applying to different species. Even Theophrastus in c. 300 BC complained that there were three plants called strykhnos, which were edible, soporific or hallucinogenic (Hort 1916). Languages and history are linked and it is hoped that understanding how lan- guages spread will lead to the discovery of the historical origins of some of the vernacular names for the baobab. The classification followed here is that of Gordon (2005) updated and edited by Blench (2005, personal communication). Alternative family names are shown in square brackets, dialects in parenthesis. Superscript Arabic numbers refer to references to the vernacular names; Roman numbers refer to further information in Section 4. -
Taxonomic Update and Habitat Status to Byttneria Herbacea from Peninsular India
Advances in Zoology and Botany 8(4): 326-333, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/azb.2020.080404 Taxonomic Update and Habitat Status to Byttneria herbacea from Peninsular India Subhash R. Somkuwar Department of Botany, Dr. Ambedkar College, Deekshabhoomi Nagpur (M.S.), India Received March 31, 2020; Revised April 29, 2020; Accepted May 27, 2020 Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Byttneria herbacea is a threatened and Byttner (1724-1768), a physician and botanist at the endemic species to Indian Peninsular region. It was earlier University of Gottingen, Germany [1]. Byttneria Roxb. placed in Sterculiaceae and then a separate family was first placed in Sterculiaceae, then a separate family Byttneriaceae. As per APG classification, it is now treated Byttneriaceae. As per Angiosperm Phylogeny in family Malvaceae. Endemic taxa are usually more Group-APG-IV [2] classification Byttneria is now vulnerable to anthropogenic threats, natural and climate included in the family Malvaceae of Malvales clade. The changes, and therefore hold a higher extinction risk. Malvales clade also includes Malvaceae, Tiliaceae, Taxonomic study on endemic taxa improves a basic Bombacaceae, Bixaceae, Cistaceae, Cochlospermaceae, understanding for correct identification and description. Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Mutingiaceae, Habitat and distribution study are essential to get specific Neuradaceae, Sarcolaenaceae and Thymelaeaceae [2-4]. information and interpretation on current status and Finding of Judd and Manchester [5], Alverson, et al., [6] population dynamics of the taxon including niche and Bayer, et al., [4] has led to the proposal to combine requirements. -
The Functional Roles of Mammals in Ecosystems
Journal of Mammalogy, 100(3):942–964, 2019 DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyy183 The functional roles of mammals in ecosystems Thomas E. Lacher, Jr.,* Ana D. Davidson, Theodore H. Fleming, Emma P. Gómez-Ruiz, Gary F. McCracken, Norman Owen-Smith, Carlos A. Peres, and Stephen B. Vander Wall Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/100/3/942/5498004 by Colorado State University user on 29 May 2019 Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, USA (TEL) Global Wildlife Conservation, P.O. Box 129, Austin, TX 78767-0129, USA (TEL) Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA (ADD) Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA (ADD) Emeritus, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA (THF) Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México (EPG) Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA (GFM) Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa (NO-S) School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom (CAP) Department of Biology and the Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA (SBVW) * Correspondent: [email protected] The diverse functional roles of over 6,000 species of extant mammals that range in body size across eight orders of magnitude, from blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to tiny Etruscan shrews (Suncus etruscus), contribute to shaping Earth’s ecosystems. -
Ciri Fizikal Dan Mikroskopi Anatomi Kayu Malvaceae Subfamili
Sains Malaysiana 49(2)(2020): 223-236 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4902-01 Ciri Fizikal dan Mikroskopi Anatomi Kayu Malvaceae Subfamili Bombacoideae dan Helicteroideae (Physical and Microscopic Anatomical Characteristics of Malvaceae Woods Subfamilies Bombacoideae and Helicteroideae) NORDAHLIA ABDULLAH SIAM*, NORAINI TALIP, RICHARD CHUNG CHENG KONG & LIM SENG CHOON ABSTRAK Kajian mengenai ciri fizikal dan mikroskopi anatomi kayu telah dijalankan pada 36 spesies Malvaceae subfamili Bombacoideae (genus Bombax) dan Helicteroideae (genus Coelostegia, Durio, Kostermansia dan Neesia) di Malaysia. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk menentukan kesesuaian penempatan genus Bombax dan Coelostegia, Durio, Kostermansia dan Neesia di bawah subfamili berbeza iaitu Bombacoideae and Helicteroideae dengan membandingkan hasil analisis fenetik berangka dan pengelasan berdasarkan molekul DNA; menentukan kesesuaian penempatan kelompok Helicteroideae: Durioneae di bawah subfamili Helicteroideae bersama dengan genus kelompok Helicteroideae s.s.; dan menyemak status Boschia sama ada sebagai genus tersendiri atau perlu digabungkan dengan Durio. Hasil analisis fenetik berangka menyokong cadangan pengelasan berdasarkan molekul DNA yang mengasingkan Bombax (Bombacoideae) daripada subfamili Helicteroideae. Keputusan analisis fenetik berangka juga menunjukkan bahawa kelompok Helicteroideae: Durioneae (Coelostegia, Durio, Kostermansia dan Neesia) perlu dikeluarkan daripada subfamili Helicteroideae dan dicadangkan untuk diletakkan di bawah subfamili baharu iaitu Durionoideae. -
Bombacaceae/Malvaceae: Helicteroideae: Durioneae) and New Records from Borneo
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 63(1 & 2): 125–135. 2011 125 A synopsis of Coelostegia (Bombacaceae/Malvaceae: Helicteroideae: Durioneae) and new records from Borneo I. Nadiah1 and E. Soepadmo Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected] ABSTRACT. A synoptic revision of Coelostegia Benth. (Bombacaceae/Malvaceae subfam. Helicteroideae–Durioneae) in Borneo is given. Six species are recognised, of which four (C. chartacea, C. kostermansii, C. montana and C. neesiocarpa) are endemic to Borneo. Coelostegia griffithii, previously recorded only from Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java and Sumatra, is now also found in Borneo, while C. montana previously known only from Sarawak and Kalimantan also occurs in Sabah. Gross morphological and micromorphological characters show that the genus Coelostegia can be readily distinguished from other genera in the Durioneae-group by the epicalyx being much shorter than the calyx, the induplicate- saccate calyx character and the ovary being partly enclosed by the receptacle. The distinction is also supported by micromorphological characters derived from trichomes, stomata, and pollen. Nomenclatural (typification and synonymy) and taxonomic notes, ecology and geographical distribution of the recognised species are provided. Keywords. Borneo, Coelostegia, Durioneae, Helicteroideae, Malvaceae, taxonomy Introduction Bentham (1862) first described Coelostegia with one species, C. griffithii, from Peninsular Malaysia. Beccari (1886) described two more species, from Sumatra (C. sumatrana) and Borneo (C. borneensis), and was the first to describe the fruit and seed of Coelostegia. Soegeng (1960) revised the genus and added three more species from Borneo, and provided full descriptions, an identification key and illustrations of all five species known to him. Sidiyasa (2001) described a new species,C. -
BOMBACACEAE 1. PACHIRA Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 725. 1775
BOMBACACEAE 木棉科 mu mian ke Tang Ya (唐亚)1; Michael G. Gilbert2, Laurence J. Dorr3 Trees, usually large, often deciduous; trunks sometimes spiny, often buttressed; bark fibrous, with mucilaginous exudates; indu- mentum usually stellate or tufted. Leaves alternate, spiral; stipules inconspicuous, caducous; petiole pulvinate; leaf blade often palmately compound (simple and lobed in Ochroma), margin often entire. Inflorescences axillary, 1(or 2)-flowered, rarely many- flowered. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, large and showy. Epicalyx of 3 bracts, inconspicuous and caducous. Calyx shortly cylin- drical, truncate, or irregularly 3–5-lobed, sometimes splitting. Petals 5, joined at base with androecium and falling as one unit, imbri- cate. Stamens usually very many (3–15 in Ceiba); filaments usually united in lower half into a filament tube around style, tube some- times lobed, with stamens in 5 groups with completely united filaments and sessile anthers; anthers usually 1-celled, apparently 2- celled and non-septate in Ceiba, sometimes many anthers united into an apparent many-celled “super-anther”; pollen usually spheroidal, ± smooth, reticulate; staminodes absent. Ovary superior, syncarpous, carpels usually 5; ovules 2 to many per locule, axile, anatropous; style 5-lobed. Fruit a 5-valved capsule, or hard and indehiscent (e.g., Adansonia), many-seeded with seeds often embedded in endocarp hairs (kapok), less often fruit winged or juicy and few-seeded. Seeds sometimes winged. About 30 genera and ca. 250 species: found widely in tropics, especially tropical America; three genera (two introduced) and five species (two introduced) in China. See the comments under the Malvaceae (p. 264) for the relationships of the Bombacaceae. -
Redalyc.Ayenia Grisea (Malvaceae-Byttnerioideae), Una
Acta Botánica Mexicana ISSN: 0187-7151 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México Machuca-Machuca, Karina Ayenia grisea (Malvaceae-Byttnerioideae), una especie nueva para México y validación de Reevesia clarkii (Malvaceae/Helicteroideae) Acta Botánica Mexicana, núm. 120, julio, 2017, pp. 113-120 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Pátzcuaro, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57452067005 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto 120: 113-120 Julio 2017 Artículo de investigación Ayenia grisea (Malvaceae-Byttnerioideae), una especie nueva para México y validación de Reevesia clarkii (Malvaceae/Helicteroideae) Ayenia grisea (Malvaceae-Byttnerioideae), a new species for Mexico and validation of Reevesia clarkii (Malvaceae/Helicteroideae) Karina Machuca-Machuca RESUMEN: Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Uni- Antecedentes y Objetivos: La realización del tratamiento taxonómico de la familia Sterculiaceae para versitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agro- pecuarias, Camino Ramón Padilla Sán- la Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Adyacentes ha dado como resultado una novedad taxonómica y una chez 2100, Nextipac 44600 Zapopan, validación. Jalisco, México. Métodos: Se realizó la revisión bibliográfica y de ejemplares correspondientes a la familia Sterculia- Autor para la correspondencia: ceae en los herbarios ENCB, IEB, MEXU, QMEX. [email protected] Resultados clave: Se describe e ilustra Ayenia grisea, especie nueva de México que pertenece a la sección Leiayenia. Se valida Reevesia clarkii, nombre inválido que no ha sido publicado formalmente Citar como: y se aclara la ubicación taxonómica de la especie.