Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Brown Eyes by Alston Brown Eyes by Alston. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 6603dbc99bce05cc • Your IP : 116.202.236.252 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. The Truth About Brown Eyes. Perhaps the most underappreciated, underrated, and under-celebrated eye color is the humble brown eye. While there are plenty of songs out there celebrating the beauty of blue eyes, and no shortage of ballads about green eyes, those who are of the brown-eyed persuasion have far less to choose from. But we see you, Van Morrison, so thank you for not forgetting about the beautiful brown-eyed girl who stole your heart. Despite the dearth of celebratory songs for brown-eyed folks, there's a wealth of information about coffee-colored peepers out there, and some of it is downright fascinating. There are also plenty of celebs with brown eyes, showing that the beauty of brown eyes is not totally ignored or neglected. So what are some of those need-to-know facts about brown eyes that you can use to give your blue and green eyed pals what for? What diseases and conditions are brown-eyed people more or less prone to? And are brown-eyed people really more trustworthy than everyone else? Read on to find out all you need to know about brown eyes. Brown eyes are overwhelmingly the most common. It's pretty well-known that brown eyes are the most common eye color in the world. But it's not just common — it's overwhelmingly common, to the tune of 79 percent of the world's population, according to World Atlas . The next most common eye color in the world is blue, which clocks in at 8-10 percent, mostly present in European countries. Hazel eyes clock in at 5 percent, as do amber eyes, followed by green eyes at a paltry 2 percent. And each of the following colors are less than one percent of the world's population: gray eyes, red/violet eyes (in people with severe forms of albinism), and heterochromia (different colored eyes). Most of the people on the African and Asian continents have brown eyes, according to an article in All About Vision . Dark eye color is also prevalent in the Middle East and The Americas, although in the United States, 41 percent of the population has brown eyes, which is lower than elsewhere. Finally, there are plenty of brown-eyed people in Europe, although in countries like Finland and Estonia especially, it's the minority by far. What makes brown eyes brown? So just what is it that makes brown eyes, well, brown? That would be melanin, which is a pigment that's present in everyone's body (except those with severe forms of albinism), according to an article in All About Vision . That's the same pigment that determines how light or dark your skin tone is, with higher melanin levels resulting in darker eyes and browner complexions. The plot thickens when you discover that there's no such thing as blue or green pigments in the irises of blue, green, and hazel-eyed people, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology . Rather, those eye colors and patterns are the result of a combination of melanin and how light scatters in the iris. So blue eyes have very little melanin in them, and look blue for the same reason that the ocean and the sky look blue, which is called the Tyndall Effect, according to Gizmodo . And green eyes are similar to blue eyes, but they have more melanin in them, ergo the green color. Fascinating! Not all brown eyes look the same. Just because so many people have brown eyes doesn't mean that all brown eyes are the same — far from it, in fact. According to an article in All About Vision, there's plenty of variation in brown-eyed people's irises, and that's evident just by looking at a wide variety of folks of the coffee- eyed persuasion. For one, there's singer Melanie Fiona, who lines her deep, dark brown eyes with black liner, enhancing their depth. And despite the difference in complexion, actress Lucy Liu also as similarly dark peepers. But even darker are the eyes of model Nyakim Gatwech, whose incredibly dark brown eyes match her gorgeous, dark brown complexion. When it comes to lighter brown eyes, actress Julia Roberts has irises closer to the color of a latte rather than an espresso, as does Winona Ryder. That's also the case with actress Natalie Portman, as well as Penélope Cruz. The list goes on and on, so it's quite clear that there's a wealth of diversity in each unique set of brown eyes. Yes, brown-eyed parents can have blue-eyed children, and vice versa. Our understanding of genetics changed pretty dramatically in the late 2000s and early 2010s. As recently as 2006, it was widely-believed that two parents with blue eyes couldn't have a child with brown eyes, according to Science Daily . But that changed when scientists realized that eye color is determined by 16 genes instead of two genes, according to an article published by The Tech Museum of Innovation . And as it turns out, blue- eyed parents can indeed have a brown-eyed child. Chances are some parents already learned that already on their own, which had to be an interesting experience! Conversely, two brown-eyed parents can also have a blue-eyed child, according to another article published by the museum. Additionally, that phenotype can stay dormant for generations, and later surface when two carriers of the right genes for blue eyes reproduce. And it's not just limited to blue eyes, either, as brown-eyed parents can also have children with green or hazel eyes as well. Isn't genetics wild? It might be hard for a brown-eyed girl to snag a blue-eyed boyfriend. Speaking of genetics and inherited traits, heterosexual, blue-eyed men have dating preferences that are a little bit different from everyone else. According to a study published in the journal Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , men with cerulean peepers prefer that their mates have the same, as they find blue-eyed women more attractive than anyone else. And interestingly enough, blue-eyed women do not feel the same way as they expressed no preference for eye color in the study. The same is true for both brown-eyed men and women, who found other eye colors equally attractive as well. So what's going on with blue-eyed men? The researchers in the study theorize that this preference is the result of what they call paternal anxiety, which is when men question whether or not their child is biologically theirs. Since blue-eyed parents tend to have blue-eyed children (though other colors are possible), blue eyes function as assurance of paternity — and the fidelity of their partner. Some brown-eyed people are born with eyes of a different color. If you're a brown-eyed person who is black, latinx, Asian, or of Middle Eastern descent, chances are you were born with the brown eyes that you have today. But if you're a white person with coffee-colored peepers, it's likely that when you were born, you first stared out into the world with blue eyes, according to an article in Live Science . The reason? When you're born, you don't have an abundance of melanin in your body, so there's a lack of pigment in your irises which makes them appear blue. Maybe that's where the expression "baby blues" comes from? After about six months or so, however, your body will ramp up its melanin production, and your true phenotype will start to express itself, according to McGill University. So if your genes determine that you should have brown (or hazel or green) eyes, that's when the change will manifest in most cases. Sometimes it can take years for the change to occur, even into adulthood. How does having brown eyes affect pain tolerance? Although having brown eyes is a beautiful thing, there are a few disadvantages that come with having this dark phenotype. For example, according to an article published in The Journal of Pain , women with brown eyes are more sensitive to pain than their light-eyed (green, blue, gray) counterparts. It seems odd that eye-color would be in any way connected to how well a person can tolerate pain, but science indeed confirms that it is. So how exactly did the researchers come to this conclusion? They surveyed 58 women at a hospital, all of them expectant mothers, and all who were planning to give birth there. They divided them into two groups: 34 in the group with light-colored eyes, and 24 in the group with dark- colored eyes. Their objective was to monitor postpartum and antepartum pain, sleep, coping behavior, and mood. After the researchers finished the study, they concluded that women with light eyes had an easier time during labor and delivery than women with dark eyes. Additionally, light-eyed women turned out to be less susceptible to anxiety and depression. Fascinating! Cataracts are more common in brown-eyed people. In addition to being more sensitive to pain, as well as more prone to depression and anxiety after birth than lighter-eyed folks, having brown eyes unfortunately comes with one more disadvantage. According to a study in the American Journal of Ophthalmology , brown-eyed individuals are more prone to developing cataracts, which are cloudy areas in the eye that can cause vision impairment, according to the Mayo Clinic. The study wasn't small potatoes, either, as it surveyed a whopping 3,654 pairs of eyes afflicted with the condition near Sydney, Australia. After reviewing all of the data, researchers concluded that people with darker eyes did indeed get cataracts more often than their fair-eyed counterparts. But there is a little bit of good news, thankfully, as darker-eyed folks can take preventative action by avoiding direct sunlight and making sure to wear sunglasses in bright environments. So don't forget to protect your peepers! There's some good news for brown-eyed people about cancer. Despite the fact that brown-eyed folks may have increased issues with pain and cataracts, it's not all bad news when it comes to health factors for those with an especially melanated iris. For starters, people with brown eyes are less at risk of certain kinds of cancers than fair-eyed folks, according to an article in Everyday Health . Specifically, fair-eyed people are more at risk of getting melanoma of the uvea, a rare cancer that affects six out of every million people in America annually. Race is also a factor with this disease, as white Americans are eight times more likely to be diagnosed with this condition than black Americans. That's likely connected to the fact that most black Americans have dark eyes, according to Owlcation . Additionally, since most people with light- colored eyes have fair skin, they're also more at risk of skin cancer — eek! So while it's good news for people with brown eyes (and darker skin), that's bad news for many of our fair-eyed friends. No matter what your eye or skin color is, don't skip out on the sunscreen and sunglasses to keep those pesky UV rays away. Brown-eyed people are less at risk for macular degeneration. There's more than one advantage to having coffee-colored eyes, in addition to a little extra cancer immunity. That's because if you have brown eyes, you are less at risk for macular degeneration, according to an article in the journal Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Societ y . Macular degeneration, which is defined as the deterioration of the part of the retina that controls visual activity, is the number one cause of vision loss among older Americans, according to an article in All About Vision . That does not sound pleasant in the least! As with skin cancer, white people are more at risk of the disease than black people are. But the study also concluded that white people with brown eyes are less prone to macular degeneration than white people with light colored eyes. That's just one more way that melanin is truly magical. There's less risk of type 1 diabetes for brown-eyed people. The good news about being brown-eyed keeps on coming, so perhaps having this melanated phenotype is a bit of a super power. But it's bad news once again for our blue-eyed friends, as folks with azure peepers and fair skin are more at risk of type 1 diabetes, according to a study in Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews . Who would have thought that the two were connected at all? Although, given the damage that diabetes can cause a person's eyes, maybe it's not so random after all. Specifically, the study examined the iris color of 281 subjects and 298 controls in two regions in Italy (Lazio and Sardinia), as previous research in Northern Europe had found a link between the disease and a fair phenotype. Sure enough, when the study concluded, the researchers once again found that having fair skin and blue eyes is a risk factor for type 1 diabetes. Sorry about that, pale blue-eyed friends! Brown-eyed people have faster reaction times. There's one more advantage that comes with having coffee-colored peepers. This time, however, it's less about the health and risk factors connected to melanated irises, and more about physical performance. In a study in the journal Perception and Motor Skills , researchers tested 82 white women and 44 white men to see how quickly they could react to a stimulus. The results indicated that dark-eyed people had a faster reaction time to a single stimulus than their fair-eyed counterparts. That means that melanin may be directly connected to how quickly people respond to the environment around them. How cool is that? It's important to note, however, that brown-eyed people's response to complex stimuli showed a similar trend, but the study labeled this response "nonsignificant." Additionally, another study of 206 white men engaging in a related task also had similar results with the same nonsignificant label, so perhaps the jury's still out on this one. Brown eyes are also connected to alcohol tolerance. Brown-eyed folks: have you ever noticed that when you go to the bar with your fair-eyed friends, they always seem to drink more than you? Do you find yourself falling behind when it's time to order another round? Well, there may be something to that, according to science. In an article in the journal Personality and Individual Differences , researchers looked to archival data to see if there was a correlation between eye color and alcohol tolerance. One sample was comprised of 1862 white women who responded to a national survey, and the second was comprised of 10,860 white male prison inmates. And as it turns out, in each of the sample groups, individuals with fair eyes drank a lot more alcohol than their dark-eyed counterparts. This may mean that since brown-eyed people are more sensitive to alcohol, they're less likely to ingest alcohol to the point of physical dependence, which is a good thing. Gotta love the extra financial benefits, too, as dark-eyed people in turn would get more bang for their buck at the bar. Cheers! Are brown-eyed people more trustworthy? Last but certainly not least, brown-eyed people are apparently assumed to be better secret keepers than their fair-eyed friends. In a study published by PLOS One , folks of the brown-eyed persuasion were perceived as more trustworthy than people with lighter colored eyes, notably in populations with a wide variety of eye colors. Specifically, researchers at a university in the Czech Republic had 238 people look at the faces of 80 students, and determine from there how trustworthy they were. Sure enough, brown-eyes won out over blue eyes when it came to who you can count on when it counts. But it's important to take those results with a grain of salt, as other factors were at play. It turns out that the bone structure of the face was also a significant factor in people's designation of an individual's trustworthiness, so brown eyes weren't the only trait that was being evaluated. It's also worth noting that the study focused on how these people were perceived by judging their physical appearance alone, and not based on their actual character. Alton Brown Biography. Alton Brown is an American television personality, food show presenter, chef, author, cinematographer, and musician who is well known as the creator and host of the popular Food Network television show, "Good Eats". The show that ran for 14 seasons was an instant hit and the most popular cookery show of his career that established him as a charismatic expert on cooking. Brown also got recognition as the host of the miniseries, "Feasting on Asphalt", "Feasting on Waves", "Iron Chef America" and "Cutthroat Kitchen". On basis of his experience in writing books, Brown has written several books on food and cooking, letting him become a best-selling author. In November 2020, Brown got involved in media controversy when he has to apologize after making “flippant” remarks about the Holocaust on Twitter which he claimed to remark on the current political climate and not to Holocaust. Besides, Brown is quite active on social media sites with over 839k followers on Instagram: @altonbrown and over 4.5 million followers on Twitter: @altonbrown. What is Alton Brown Famous for? Famous as the Celebrity chef who created and hosted "Good Eats". Where was Alton Brown Born? Alton Brown was born on July 30, 1962, in Los Angeles, California, United States. His birth name is Alton Crawford Brown Jr. His nationality is American. Brown belongs to White ethnicity while Leo is his zodiac sign. Alton Brown was born in a well-to-family but his parents divorced soon. Alton's father, Alton Brown, Sr. was a well-known media executive, owner of the radio station WRWH and publisher of the newspaper "White County News". However, when Alton was just 12 years old, his father died allegedly by committing suicide which was shortly after, his mother remarried. It was Alton's last day of sixth grade when the incident happened. Going through personal problems, Alton somehow managed to continue on his career joining the University of Georgia to study film and drama. Soon after his graduation, he started cinematography and film production with his initial works on several music videos, including "The One I Love" by R.E.M. Even though he was good in cinematography he always had an interest in cooking since his childhood that he even used to watch cookery shows passionately back in time. After deciding to move to cook he got enrolled and graduated from New England Culinary Institute in 1997. Alton Brown's Career Highlights. Alton Brown began his professional cooking career with the creation of his own show titled "Good Eats" on Food Network and Cooking Channel. The show was unique as it had cooking innovations combined with humor, science, and technique becoming an instant hit among the audiences. It is even the most popular cookery show of his career which ran for altogether 14 seasons for almost 12 years from 1998 till 2012. His show also received a Peabody Award in 2006 and was nominated for the Best TV Food Journalism Award. Brown relaunched the show in two versions; "Good Eats Reloaded on Cooking Channel"(2018), and "Good Eats: The Return" in August 2019. Brown appeared as an expert commentator on the cooking show, "Iron Chef America: Battle of the Masters" in 2004. He then served as the host for all five seasons of the spin-off "The Next Iron Chef". Brown's third cooking series, "Feasting on Asphalt" premiered on Food Network on July 29, 2006. The series ran for three seasons until 2008 under different titles "Feasting on Asphalt 2: The River Run" and "Feasting on Waves" 2007. He also mentored on Season 8 of "The Next Food Network Star", guest-starred on Nickelodeon's TV series, "SpongeBob SquarePants" and "Myth Busters". In 2013, Brown hosted the cooking competition series, "Cutthroat Kitchen" on the Food Network. Brown launched his first national tour, "Alton Brown Live: The Edible Inevitable Tour," in October 2013. He also became a part of the "The Layover" and joined the Nerdist Podcast Network with "The Alton Brown cast". His second tour show, "Alton Brown Live: Eat Your Science" was launched in 2016. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, Brown was active with his shows, "Pantry Raide" and "Quarantine Quitchen" from his home. Awards. Recipient of two James Beard Awards Received the Best Book award in 2003 for his first book, "I'm Just Here for the Food" Received the Peabody Award in 2007 for "Good Eats". Awarded with the Broadcast Media Award in 2011. Alton Brown's Wife. Alton Brown has married twice to date. His first marriage was with Deanna Brown who was also an executive producer on "Good Eats". They together had a daughter named Zoey born in 1999, after years of marriage they got divorced in 2015. Almost three years later his divorce, Brown got engaged to his current wife named Elizabeth Ingram. Ingram is an Atlanta based restaurant designer with whom Alton got married on September 29, 2018, on a boat in Charleston, South Carolina. They have two dogs: a terrier named Francis Luther and a Boston terrier/pug mix named Scabigail Van Buren. Currently, the couple lives a blissful life in Marietta, Georgia. Besides, Brown is a trained pilot and even owns two planes; a Cessna 206 and a Cessna 414, was once a motorcycling enthusiast which he gave up in 2012. Alton Brown's Net Worth. Alton Brown has quite good earnings from his profession as a popular television personality, food show presenter, chef, and author. Having his career started in 1988, Brown has managed to come a long way up becoming one of the prominent celebrity chefs. With his earnings from his several shows, Brown has managed to amass a healthy fortune estimated to be around $13 million. Brown also makes money from his several commercial works including for General Electric products, Colgate toothpaste, Dannon yogurt, Welch's, Shun knives, Heifer International, and Healthy Choice's line. Alton Brown's Height. Alton Brown is a good-looking man with a well-maintained athletic body physique in his late 40s. He stands tall with a height of 5ft. 10inches. (1.78m) while his body weighs around 78kg(171 lbs). He has a fair complexion with bald hair and a pair of brown eyes. Back in 2009, Brown lost weight and became healthier which he mentioned and described the details on "Live and Let Diet" of 'Good Eats'. Alton Brown Bio, Age, Height, Net Worth. Alton Brown was conceived on July 30, 1962, in Los Angeles, California, US. His original name is Alton Crawford Brown Jr. His identity is American. Brown has a place with White identity while Leo is his zodiac sign. Alton Brown was conceived in a well-to-family yet his folks separated soon. Alton’s dad, Alton Brown, Sr. was a notable media leader, proprietor of the radio broadcast WRWH and distributer of the paper “White County News”. Be that as it may, when Alton was only 12 years of age, his dad kicked the bucket purportedly by ending it all which was soon after, his mom remarried. It was Alton’s last day of 6th grade when the occurrence occurred. Experiencing individual issues, Alton some way or another figured out how to proceed on his vocation joining the University of Georgia to examine film and drama. Soon after his graduation, he began cinematography and film creation with his underlying chips away at a few music recordings, including “The One I Love” by R.E.M. Despite the fact that he was acceptable in cinematography he generally had an interest in cooking since his youth that he even used to watch cookery shows enthusiastically back in time. After choosing to move to cook he got enlisted and moved on from New England Culinary Institute in 1997. Alton Brown’s Height. Alton Brown is a gorgeous man with a very much kept up athletic body physical make-up in his late 40s. He stands tall with a tallness of 5ft. 10inches. while his body weighs around 78kg. He has a reasonable appearance with bald hair and a couple of Brown eyes. Alton Brown Vocation Highlights. Alton Brown started his expert cooking profession with the formation of his own show named “Good Eats” on Food Organization and Cooking Channel. The show was extraordinary as it had cooking developments joined with humor, science, and procedure turning into a moment hit among the audiences. It is even the most well known cookery show of his vocation which ran for inside and out 14 seasons for just about a long time from 1998 till 2012. His show additionally got a Peabody Award in 2006 and was nominated for the Best TV Food Journalism Award. Brown relaunched the show in two adaptations; “Good Eats Reloaded on Cooking Channel”(2018), and “Good Eats: The Return” in August 2019. Brown showed up as a specialist reporter on the cooking show, “Iron Chef America: Battle of the Masters” in 2004. He then filled in as the host for each of the five periods of the side project “The Next Iron Chef”. Brown’s third cooking series, “Feasting on Asphalt” premiered on Food Network on July 29, 2006. The series ran for three seasons until 2008 under different titles “Feasting on Asphalt 2: The River Run” and “Feasting on Waves” 2007. He likewise tutored on Season 8 of “The Next Food Network Star”, guest-starred on Nickelodeon’s TV series, “SpongeBob SquarePants” and “Myth Busters”. In 2013, Brown facilitated the cooking rivalry “Cutthroat Kitchen” on the Food Network. Brown dispatched his first public visit, “Alton Brown Live: The Edible Inevitable Tour,” in October 2013. He additionally turned into a piece of “The Layover” and joined the Nerdist Podcast Network with “The Alton Brown cast”. His second visit show, “Alton Brown Live: Eat Your Science” was launched in 2016. During the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic, Brown was dynamic with his shows, “Pantry Raide” and “Quarantine Quitchen” from his home. Alton Brown Wife. Alton Brown has hitched twice to date. His first marriage was with Deanna Brown who was likewise a chief maker on “Good Eats”. They together had a girl named Zoey conceived in 1999, following quite a while of marriage they got separated in 2015. Just about three years after the fact his separation, Brown got drawn in to his present spouse named Elizabeth Ingram. Ingram is an Atlanta based café originator with whom Alton got hitched on September 29, 2018, on a boat in Charleston, South Carolina. They have two canines: a terrier named Francis Luther and a Boston terrier/pug blend named Scabigail Van Buren. Right now, the couple carries on with a merry life in Marietta, Georgia. Alton Brown Net Worth. Alton Brown has very great profit from his calling as a famous TV character, food show moderator, cook, and creator. Having his vocation began in 1988, Brown has figured out how to progress significantly up getting one of the noticeable big name cooks. With his income from his few shows, Brown has figured out how to store up a solid fortune assessed to be around $13 million. Is Alton Brown active on Social Media? Alton Brown is very dynamic via online media locales with over 839k followers on Instagram: @altonbrown and over 4.5 million followers on Twitter: @altonbrown. Patrece Lashelle Alston. Alston was last seen in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on June 23, 1998. She got into a green Mazda 62 with Lucious Boyd, who sat in the passenger seat and let Alston drive. The car belonged to Boyd's girlfriend. Boyd and Alston were planning to go to Winter Haven, Florida, 200 miles away. Alston stated she planned to return the same day, and she did not pack any clothes or personal belongings. Boyd returned several days later, but Alston was not with him and she has never been heard from again. Boyd said she met two other men on the trip, and went away with them. Boyd was a known crack cocaine addict with violent tendencies in the 1990s. A photograph of him is posted with this case summary. He was charged in the 1993 death of a male acquaintance, but pleaded self defense and was acquitted. He was also charged with and acquitted of rape twice. Boyd convicted of the 1998 murder of Dawnia DaCosta after Alston's disappearance, and sentenced to die. He is presently incarcerated on Florida's death row. He is a suspected serial killer and authorities believe he may be involved in as many as ten unsolved disappearances and murders, including the 1999 disappearance of Danielle Zacot. He has not been charged in any other disappearances or deaths, however. Alston and Boyd knew one another and socialized occasionally, but did not date. Alston is a high school dropout, lived with her sister and helped care for her sister's children in 1998. She is described as an outgoing young woman. Her disappearance remains unsolved and foul play is suspected.