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Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Brown Eyes by Alston Brown Eyes by Alston. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 6603dbc99bce05cc • Your IP : 116.202.236.252 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. The Truth About Brown Eyes. Perhaps the most underappreciated, underrated, and under-celebrated eye color is the humble brown eye. While there are plenty of songs out there celebrating the beauty of blue eyes, and no shortage of ballads about green eyes, those who are of the brown-eyed persuasion have far less to choose from. But we see you, Van Morrison, so thank you for not forgetting about the beautiful brown-eyed girl who stole your heart. Despite the dearth of celebratory songs for brown-eyed folks, there's a wealth of information about coffee-colored peepers out there, and some of it is downright fascinating. There are also plenty of celebs with brown eyes, showing that the beauty of brown eyes is not totally ignored or neglected. So what are some of those need-to-know facts about brown eyes that you can use to give your blue and green eyed pals what for? What diseases and conditions are brown-eyed people more or less prone to? And are brown-eyed people really more trustworthy than everyone else? Read on to find out all you need to know about brown eyes. Brown eyes are overwhelmingly the most common. It's pretty well-known that brown eyes are the most common eye color in the world. But it's not just common — it's overwhelmingly common, to the tune of 79 percent of the world's population, according to World Atlas . The next most common eye color in the world is blue, which clocks in at 8-10 percent, mostly present in European countries. Hazel eyes clock in at 5 percent, as do amber eyes, followed by green eyes at a paltry 2 percent. And each of the following colors are less than one percent of the world's population: gray eyes, red/violet eyes (in people with severe forms of albinism), and heterochromia (different colored eyes). Most of the people on the African and Asian continents have brown eyes, according to an article in All About Vision . Dark eye color is also prevalent in the Middle East and The Americas, although in the United States, 41 percent of the population has brown eyes, which is lower than elsewhere. Finally, there are plenty of brown-eyed people in Europe, although in countries like Finland and Estonia especially, it's the minority by far. What makes brown eyes brown? So just what is it that makes brown eyes, well, brown? That would be melanin, which is a pigment that's present in everyone's body (except those with severe forms of albinism), according to an article in All About Vision . That's the same pigment that determines how light or dark your skin tone is, with higher melanin levels resulting in darker eyes and browner complexions. The plot thickens when you discover that there's no such thing as blue or green pigments in the irises of blue, green, and hazel-eyed people, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology . Rather, those eye colors and patterns are the result of a combination of melanin and how light scatters in the iris. So blue eyes have very little melanin in them, and look blue for the same reason that the ocean and the sky look blue, which is called the Tyndall Effect, according to Gizmodo . And green eyes are similar to blue eyes, but they have more melanin in them, ergo the green color. Fascinating! Not all brown eyes look the same. Just because so many people have brown eyes doesn't mean that all brown eyes are the same — far from it, in fact. According to an article in All About Vision, there's plenty of variation in brown-eyed people's irises, and that's evident just by looking at a wide variety of folks of the coffee- eyed persuasion. For one, there's singer Melanie Fiona, who lines her deep, dark brown eyes with black liner, enhancing their depth. And despite the difference in complexion, actress Lucy Liu also as similarly dark peepers. But even darker are the eyes of model Nyakim Gatwech, whose incredibly dark brown eyes match her gorgeous, dark brown complexion. When it comes to lighter brown eyes, actress Julia Roberts has irises closer to the color of a latte rather than an espresso, as does Winona Ryder. That's also the case with actress Natalie Portman, as well as Penélope Cruz. The list goes on and on, so it's quite clear that there's a wealth of diversity in each unique set of brown eyes. Yes, brown-eyed parents can have blue-eyed children, and vice versa. Our understanding of genetics changed pretty dramatically in the late 2000s and early 2010s. As recently as 2006, it was widely-believed that two parents with blue eyes couldn't have a child with brown eyes, according to Science Daily . But that changed when scientists realized that eye color is determined by 16 genes instead of two genes, according to an article published by The Tech Museum of Innovation . And as it turns out, blue- eyed parents can indeed have a brown-eyed child. Chances are some parents already learned that already on their own, which had to be an interesting experience! Conversely, two brown-eyed parents can also have a blue-eyed child, according to another article published by the museum. Additionally, that phenotype can stay dormant for generations, and later surface when two carriers of the right genes for blue eyes reproduce. And it's not just limited to blue eyes, either, as brown-eyed parents can also have children with green or hazel eyes as well. Isn't genetics wild? It might be hard for a brown-eyed girl to snag a blue-eyed boyfriend. Speaking of genetics and inherited traits, heterosexual, blue-eyed men have dating preferences that are a little bit different from everyone else. According to a study published in the journal Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , men with cerulean peepers prefer that their mates have the same, as they find blue-eyed women more attractive than anyone else. And interestingly enough, blue-eyed women do not feel the same way as they expressed no preference for eye color in the study. The same is true for both brown-eyed men and women, who found other eye colors equally attractive as well. So what's going on with blue-eyed men? The researchers in the study theorize that this preference is the result of what they call paternal anxiety, which is when men question whether or not their child is biologically theirs. Since blue-eyed parents tend to have blue-eyed children (though other colors are possible), blue eyes function as assurance of paternity — and the fidelity of their partner. Some brown-eyed people are born with eyes of a different color. If you're a brown-eyed person who is black, latinx, Asian, or of Middle Eastern descent, chances are you were born with the brown eyes that you have today. But if you're a white person with coffee-colored peepers, it's likely that when you were born, you first stared out into the world with blue eyes, according to an article in Live Science . The reason? When you're born, you don't have an abundance of melanin in your body, so there's a lack of pigment in your irises which makes them appear blue. Maybe that's where the expression "baby blues" comes from? After about six months or so, however, your body will ramp up its melanin production, and your true phenotype will start to express itself, according to McGill University. So if your genes determine that you should have brown (or hazel or green) eyes, that's when the change will manifest in most cases. Sometimes it can take years for the change to occur, even into adulthood. How does having brown eyes affect pain tolerance? Although having brown eyes is a beautiful thing, there are a few disadvantages that come with having this dark phenotype. For example, according to an article published in The Journal of Pain , women with brown eyes are more sensitive to pain than their light-eyed (green, blue, gray) counterparts. It seems odd that eye-color would be in any way connected to how well a person can tolerate pain, but science indeed confirms that it is. So how exactly did the researchers come to this conclusion? They surveyed 58 women at a hospital, all of them expectant mothers, and all who were planning to give birth there. They divided them into two groups: 34 in the group with light-colored eyes, and 24 in the group with dark- colored eyes. Their objective was to monitor postpartum and antepartum pain, sleep, coping behavior, and mood.

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