DOCSLIB.ORG

GARD Response To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GARD Response To GARD response to Thames Water’s Consultation on Draft Water Resources Management Plan 2019 29th April 2018 GARD Rivendell 142 The Causeway Steventon Oxfordshire OX13 6SJ www.abingdonreservoir.org [email protected] Contents Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Scope of response ..................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Availability of information and transparency ............................................................. 17 1.3 The effectiveness of stakeholder engagement ........................................................... 18 1.4 Over-dependence on Atkins’ stochastic river flow data ............................................. 19 2. Supply/Demand balance and deficit forecasts......................................... 22 2.1 Population Forecasting Issues. ................................................................................... 24 2.2 Per Capita Consumption ............................................................................................ 30 2.3 Existing deployable output and allowance for climate change ................................... 32 2.4 Uncertainty in the deficit forecast ............................................................................. 36 3. Leakage and demand management options .............................................. 39 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 41 3.2 Leakage ..................................................................................................................... 41 3.3 Demand Management ............................................................................................... 49 3.4 Non-household water use ......................................................................................... 56 4. Teddington Direct River Abstraction ........................................................... 58 4.1 Scope and Deployable Output ................................................................................... 59 4.2 Need for additional treatment ................................................................................... 66 4.3 Environmental and Other Impacts ............................................................................. 66 4.4 Cost Estimates ........................................................................................................... 67 4.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 68 5. Effluent reuse options ........................................................................................ 69 5.1 Introduction – options and locations ......................................................................... 70 5.2 Deephams and Beckton options ................................................................................ 71 5.3 Water level impact on the Tideway ........................................................................... 76 5.4 Inter-connecting works and reuse issues ................................................................... 78 6. Desalination options ........................................................................................... 81 6.1 The potential for desalination generally .................................................................... 82 6.2 Sites considered for desalination ............................................................................... 84 7. Inter-regional transfer options ...................................................................... 86 7.1 The strategic need to transfer water to the South East .............................................. 87 7.2 Unsupported Severn-Thames transfer ....................................................................... 89 7.3 The need for water treatment ................................................................................... 95 7.4 Severn-Thames transfer supported by Vyrnwy reservoir ........................................... 96 7.5 Transfer losses in the River Severn .......................................................................... 107 7.6 Severn-Thames transfer supported by Severn Trent or DCWW ................................ 109 7.7 Use of the Cotswold Canal ....................................................................................... 110 7.8 Transfers by the Oxford Canal ................................................................................. 110 7.9 Environmental assessment ...................................................................................... 111 8. Abingdon reservoir .......................................................................................... 112 8.1 Introduction and overview ...................................................................................... 114 8.2 Deployable output and emergency storage .......................................................... 117 8.3 Environmental Assessment ...................................................................................... 121 8.4 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage .......................................................................... 125 8.5 Landscape and visual amenity ................................................................................. 127 8.6 Flooding impacts ..................................................................................................... 130 8.7 Cost estimates ......................................................................................................... 133 9. Resilience to severe droughts ...................................................................... 134 9.1 Resilience design criteria ......................................................................................... 135 9.2 Abingdon reservoir .................................................................................................. 138 9.3 Severn-Thames transfer options .............................................................................. 140 9.4 Teddington DRA, effluent reuse and desalination options ....................................... 141 10. Thames Valley zones ..................................................................................... 142 10.1 Supply demand balance ......................................................................................... 143 10.2 Options for Thames Valley zones ........................................................................... 145 10.3 The needs of SWOX zone ....................................................................................... 147 11. Programme Appraisal................................................................................... 150 11.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 152 11.3 Review of application of Strategic Environmental Assessment............................... 156 11.4 Comparison of options other than cost and Environmental Impact ....................... 159 11.5 Assessment of alternative programmes ................................................................. 162 11.6 Programme option comparisons ............................................................................ 165 Appendix A – Teddington DRA deployable output calculations Appendix B – Inter-regional transfer support documents Appendix C – GARD reassessed SEA for 150 Mm3 Abingdon reservoir (submitted separately in digital format) Figures Figure 2-1: GARD population estimates overlaid on TW estimates ...................................... 28 Figure 2-2: London base case deployable output modelled using the "old" LTCD ................ 33 Figure 2-3: Changes in Teddington natural flows WARMS1 to WARMS2 ............................. 34 Figure 2-4: Frequency and severity of droughts affecting London's water supplies ............. 36 Figure 2-5: Forecast London supply deficit .......................................................................... 37 Figure 3-1: Comparison of water company leakage reduction plans .................................... 48 Figure 3-2: Thames Water planned meter penetration........................................................ 52 Figure 3-3: Planned reduction in pcc in London and Thames Valley ..................................... 55 Figure 3-4: Forecast ppc reduction of other water companies ............................................. 55 Figure 3-5: Forecast non-household demand in TW regions ................................................ 56 Figure 4-1: Deficit in water available for abstraction in droughts ......................................... 61 Figure 4-2: Effect of adding DRA to base case demand in 1933/34 drought ......................... 63 Figure 5-1: Salinity across the Thames Tideway ................................................................... 77 Figure 7-1: Deficit and transfer regions in England and Wales ............................................. 87 Figure 7-2: Stochastic and historic flow duration in Sep-Oct at Teddington and Deerhurst .. 91 Figure 7-3: Yield v return period for Unsupported STT......................................................... 92 Figure 7-4: Performance of 300 Ml/d unsupported transfer in 1921/22 and 1933/34 ......... 94
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Wye Catchment Partnership Plan
    The Wye Catchment Partnership Plan Hosted By: Supported By: Version: 2019-20 1 1. Introduction: The Wye Catchment The Wye catchment covers 4,285km2 spanning two countries and five counties. The River Wye stretches for over 200 kilometres from its source at Plynlimon in mid-Wales to the Severn estuary making it the fifth longest river in the UK. For most of its length the river runs through the Welsh Marches and has many significant tributaries including the Elan, Irfon, Ithon, Lugg and Monnow. The Wye is an internationally important habitat, reflected in its designation as a Site of Specific Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The catchment is rich in wildlife and precious habitat which is recognised by its designated areas including the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), National Nature Reserves, Local Nature Reserves and terrestrial SSSI’s. The Wye flows through several sizeable towns including Builth Wells, Hay-on-Wye, Hereford, Monmouth and Chepstow with Kington, Leominster, Llandrindod Wells and Bromyard as the main towns within the tributary network. The main land-use is agriculture with livestock farming predominating in the north and west and intensive arable farming in the south and east of the catchment. There is some industry based around the major towns. The area offers many opportunities for water based recreation and the Wye and Lugg are unusual in that there is a public right of navigation in England. The River Wye is a well-established and nationally significant salmon, brown trout and coarse fish fishery. Elver fishing also takes place within the tidal reaches of the Wye.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Wye Catchment Management Plan Consultation Report
    N SLA- Ij/S 5 2 UPPER WYE CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN CONSULTATION REPORT N.R.A - Welsh Region REGIONAL TECHNICAL (PLANNING) Reference No : RTP017 LIBRARY COPY - DO NOT REMOVE RECYCLED PAPER A)£A V\I^GS 52- n a t io n a l RIVERS AUTHORITY . .WELSH REGION ____ - - - UPPER WYE CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN CONSULTATION REPORT National Rivers Authority - Welsh Region South East Area Rivers House St Mellons Business Park St Mellons Cardiff CF3 OLT June 1993 UPPER WYE CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN CONSULTATION REPORT CONTENTS PAGE No. FOREWORD iv MISSION STATEMENT OF THE NRA v THE NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY vi 1.0 CONCEPT OF THE CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 1 2.0 THE UPPER WYE CATCHMENT 4 2.1 Catchment Description 5 2.2 Data collection Within the Catchment 7 2.3 Key Details 8 3.0 CATCHMENT USES 9 3.1 Introduction 10 DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE 3.2 Development 11 3.3 Flood Defence - 14 3.4 Forestry 17 3.5 Farming 19 CONSERVATION AND FISHERIES 3.6 Conservation - Ecology 20 3.7 Conservation - Landscape and Archaeology 24 3.8 Fisheries Ecosystem 26 3.9 Angling and Commercial Fishing 29 ABSTRACTIONS 3.10 Abstraction for Potable Water Supply - Groundwater 31 3.11 Abstraction for Potable Water Supply - Surface Water 34 3.12 Agricultural Abstraction 37 3.13 Livestock Watering 40 3.14 Industrial and Commercial Abstraction 41 3.15 Water Power 43 DISCHARGES AND POLLUTION CONTROL 3.16 Sewage and Trade Discharges 45 3.17 Waste Disposal to Land 47 AMENITY, NAVIGATION AND WATER SPORTS 3.18 Amenity 48 3.19 Navigation and Boating 50 3.20 Immersion Sports 52 4.0 CATCHMENT TARGETS 53 4T Introduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study – April 2018
    Collaborative working to reduce disruption. Case study – April 2018. Collaborative working to reduce disruption. We’re passionate about reducing the impact our work can have on customers across our region. So we’re working with gas, power and telecommunications providers, as well as Transport for London, the London Borough of Croydon and the Greater London Authority, to see how collaborating on planned streetworks can reduce the impact on the lives of all our customers, local communities and the environment, while still improving our services. Background. Over the past year we’ve been working with Atkins and their digital partner Fluxx, challenging ourselves to make improvements in the way we deliver streetworks to reduce their impact on our customers, and become more efficient by collaborating better. We know that our essential streetworks can often Visualising complex data. disrupt our customers’ daily lives, especially when a During our workshops with teams across Thames road reopens only to quickly close again for a different Water, we identified numerous benefits of sharing project, or for another company to start work. project information at the planning stage - including less frequent streetwork disruptions, less From talking to our customers, we know that they environmental impact, saving money, and better want us to minimise the inconvenience of roadworks. relations with our partners and customers. Our customers see the need for roadworks to maintain and upgrade infrastructure, but they want However, sharing complicated early stage pre- planning, advance warning, co-ordination with other planning information can be very difficult. This is utilities and highway authorities, and clear information because the information often isn’t finalised yet, it’s about the roadworks and how long they’ll last.
    [Show full text]
  • Farm Stay Wales Deffrwch I Gefn Gwlad
    2014 TM Farm Stay Wales deffrwch i gefn gwlad Bed & Breakfast Self-Catering Holidays Short Breaks Business Stays Quality Graded ww w.farmsta ywales .co .uk 1 2 3 1 The Isle of Anglesey (page 3) 5 Ceredigion - Cardigan Bay (page 8) 2 North Wales Coast & Borderlands 6 Pembrokeshire (pages 9-10) 4 (pages 3-4) 7 Carmarthenshire (page 11) 5 3 Snowdonia Mountains & Coast 8 Cardiff, Swansea Bay & Glamorgan 6 7 (pages 4-6) (pages 11-12 ) 9 4 Mid Wales Lakes & Mountains 9 Wye Valley & Vale of Usk (page 12) 8 (pages 6-7) Wales Welcome to the land of the Celts, There’s more magic in the coastline whose culture has influenced British of Pembrokeshire’s National Park, ch, n bea history over 3,000 years. Farming with its superb beaches and cliffs, ave e roadh eshir communities are the very heartland coastal walks and tiny islands like B mbrok of Wales, where old traditions live Caldey, with its monastery, or Pe on and Welsh is still spoken in Skomer – alive with seals, puffins many homes. and other seabirds. Popular towns here include picturesque Fishguard, From the gentle greenery of mid walled Tenby and St David’s, whose Wales to the distinctive landscapes of 12th-century cathedral lies concealed the National Parks, the Welsh in a hollow to hide it from predatory countryside brings a choice of eyes. To the east, the Brecon scenery – and outdoor activities – Beacons National Park brings yet right to the farmhouse door. The more variety: its bare escarpments Snowdonia National Park, with its and mining valleys provide peaks, waterfalls and clear mountain memorable views, and there are streams takes its name from Mount View attractive little towns like nearby Hay- from Ca Snowdon, whose 3000ft summit is on-Wye, a world-famous centre for stell D scaled by a breathtaking railway.
    [Show full text]
  • The Water Industry As World Heritage Thematic Study
    The Water Industry as World Heritage THEMATIC STUDY James Douet for TICCIH The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage The Water Industry as World Heritage THEMATIC STUDY James Douet TICCIH - The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage, is the international association for industrial archaeology and industrial heritage. Its aim is to study, protect, conserve and explain the remains of industrialisation. For further information and how to join see www.ticcih.org. An interactive digital edition of this report can be downloaded, with the other thematic studies, from the TICCIH website. Frontispiece: R. C. Harris filtration plant, Toronto, Canada (© Taylor Hazell Architects) TICCIH gratefully acknowledge the support received from the European Commission for the publication of this book. Text copyright © James Douet 2018 All rights reserved CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1. Context 9 2. Introduction 12 2.1 Scope 12 2.2 Chronology 13 2.3 Comparative studies 14 2.4 The water industry on the World Heritage List 15 2.5 Collaboration 16 3. Terminology 18 4. Historical development of water infrastructure 23 4.1. Ancient and Classical supply systems 23 4.2. Early modern water provision 1500–1800 26 4.3. Industrialization 1800–80 36 4.4. Water and sewage combined 1880–1920 53 4.5. Modern water systems since 1920 56 5. Areas and values of significance 59 6. The water industry as World Heritage 61 7. UNESCO evaluation criteria relevant to the water industry 66 8. Case studies: sites and networks for comparison 70 8.1. Augsburg hydraulic engineering, hydropower and drinking water, Germany 72 8.2.
    [Show full text]
  • II. (Iff* Water Resources for the Future
    £ f\ - ( harv\eS Box 2 HTm l U U a II. t f i t T l- (iff* k t ~ i r tfj; public w^ter suppii ■ supplyV4 c a b stra cts a i f i deirti £ f b C f U L s p m Water resources for the future A STRATEGY FOR THAMES REGION March 2001 H E n v ir o n m e n t A g e n c y Published by: Environment Agency Kings Meadow House Kings Meadow Road Reading RG1 8DQ Tel: 01 18 953 5000 Fax: 0118 950 0388 ISBN 1857055179 © Environment Agency All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Environment Agency. ^ <z^ fts&cr\M c q -a OJ-A'T Foreword i i •__________ Water resources in the Thames Region are already The scenario approach we have used, developed from intensively managed and face further pressures as we the Government's Foresight "Environmental Futures”, look ahead into the new millennium. Playing host to emphasises the difficult choices we may need to make such a large, and growing, population imposes many in planning for sustainable development. We cannot and varied demands on our environment and natural provide complete answers at this stage; there are simply resources. Continuing economic development and too many uncertainties in the face of significant demand for a further 1.2 million homes in the south­ decisions regarding new strategic resource east as well as our own propensity to use more and requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Gilfach Heritage Assessment Final Report
    Gilfach Interpretation Strategy Heritage Assessment for The Radnorshire Wildlife Trust October 2015 Gilfach Interpretation Strategy: Heritage Assessment 1. The Physical Heritage Asset Statement of Heritage Significance An outstanding historical composite upland Welsh landscape which is the cumulative result of a long period of development: with likely evidence of human occupation, use and management for over 3000 years and demonstrating some of the most important periods of development and social change in Welsh history. Radnorshire is well-known as a sparsely populated, rural county. The results of the heritage assessment of Gilfach have shown that the extent of human activity has extended beyond the limits of modern settlement and agriculture into landscapes which are now considered to be ‘natural environments’, but which are in reality heavily influenced by past human activity and key elements in understanding the history of the county and its communities. There is an abundance of archaeological and historic sites within the Gilfach reserve. The majority are spread across the south facing slope to the north of the Afon (River) Marteg. Many features have been identified but not dated or there are conflicts in the official records (see Appendix A) and this provides opportunities for fieldwork and investigation, in order to unravel the story and historical development of the Marteg Valley. Many sites are also hard to recognise in the landscape but also provide opportunities for interpretation. In general it would appear that there was substantial pre-historic human presence in this area, possibly as a ritual or funerary site. A possible road and ford between marching camps outside the area provides evidence of the Roman occupation of Wales, while in the medieval period there seems to have been substantial rural settlement of the valley slopes which was later abandoned.
    [Show full text]
  • Thames 21 - a Planning Perspective and a Sustainable Strategy for the Thames Region in the Past, ‘Improving’ Rivers Often Meant Increasing Their Flow Capacity
    Thames 21 - A Planning Perspective and a Sustainable Strategy for the Thames Region In the past, ‘improving’ rivers often meant increasing their flow capacity. In future it should refer to multi-purpose schemes designed to improve the capacity o f each river valley to function as a visual amenity, a recreation area, a fishery, a nature reserve, a water supply, a storm-detention area, a drainage network, and a movement corridor for boats, walkers, cyclists and equestrians. landscape Planning’ Tom Turner - ULC Press Ltd 1987 NRA THAMES REGION ADDRESSES H eadquarters Kings Meadow House Kings Meadow Road Tel 01734-535000 Reading RG1 8DQ Fax 01734-500388 W est A rea WEST AREA Isis H ouse Howbery Park Wallingford Tel 01734-535000 Oxon 0X10 8BD Fax 01734-535900 N o r th East A rea G ade H ouse London Road Rickmansworth Tel 01992-635566 Herts WD3 IRS Fax 01992-645468 Aspen House The Grange Crossbrook Street Waltham Cross Tel 01992-635566 Herts EN8 8HE Fax 01992-630707 So u t h E ast A rea Riverside Works HEAD OFFICE Fordbridge Road Tel 01932-789833 AREA OFFICES Sunbury TW16 6AP Fax 01932-786463 SOUTH EAST AREA Wah Kwong House 10/11 Albert Embankment Tel 0171-735-9993 London SE1 7SP Fax 0171-582-3625 Contents Page Maps Page Foreword 1 1. Planning Context 4 2. Major Development Locations and Introduction Catchment Management Plans 6 3. The Water Resource 10 Thames 21, Local Agenda 21, Catchment and Land 4. Water Related Assets 20 Use Planning 5. Geographical Sectors in the Thames Region 26 Sustainability in the NRA’s Functional Responsibilities 11 6.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wye & Usk Foundation
    2013 Edition Over 180 miles of salmon, trout, coarse and grayling river fishing, along with some of the area’s best stillwaters The Wye & Usk Foundation Registered Charity No. 1080319 1 Tel: 01982 560 788 www.wyeuskfoundation.org THE FASTEST, EASIEST MOBILE SITE EVER! Scan here to view our new online site! Get your free QR code reader from your app store. For your FREE copy of the new Fishtec Fly, Coarse, Sea or Carp fi shing catalogues 2 Call our mail order hotline 0871 911 7001 or visit www.fi shtec.co.uk FISHTEC Unit 6 Industrial Estate, Brecon, Powys. LD3 8LA A5 Fishtec ad - wye and usk passport.indd 1 07/02/2013 12:21 CONTENTS Reservoirs .................................. 82-85 Advice, Regulations .............................4 The Hidden Lakes ....................... 86-89 Seasons .............................................5 Wild Streams ........................... 90-131 Salmon Fishing ............................... 6-7 Fly Fishing Small Rivers .............. 92-93 Coarse Fishing ................................ 8-9 Canoeing ................................ 132-133 Trout & Grayling Fishing .............. 10-11 About the Foundation .............. 134-136 Guiding and Instruction ............... 12-15 Biosecurity ......................................137 The Booking Office ..................... 16-89 Map of Fisheries...................... 138-139 Introduction ur first concern is to ensure you have all the financial support. Every pound we can persuade Onecessary information to get you to the river you to donate enables us to draw down at least and that the fisheries are maintained to a good ten pounds in project funding and even more if standard. We rely on your feedback to ensure you are eligible for gift aid. The form for this is on this. The second is continuing our work to ensure page 136.
    [Show full text]
  • 4. John Lawson WUF.Pptx
    Rivers Trust CaBA Workshop 22.6.2017 Managing Abstrac-on in the Rivers Wye and Usk Benefits of Evidence, Badgering and Collaboraon John Lawson, FREng, FICE, FCIWEM Water Resources Adviser to WUF What I will cover • How a catchment partnership reconciled the needs of fish and water supplies • How WUF campaigned prior to the partnership • The importance of evidence • The resulFng improvements The Wye/Usk Water Supply System Elan valley reservoirs Elan valley aqueduct supplying 360Ml/d to Birmingham Releases from Elan valley to regulate flows in Wye Builth Wells R Wye Releases from Usk dam to support drought flows Hereford Brecon Usk Wye/Usk Crai transfer 125 Ml/d Upper Usk dams Talybont Monmouth supplying about 55 Ml/d Canal Llandegfedd to Swansea area Usk Lower Usk Total all 175 Ml/d to Cardiff abstraction Cardiff and Newport c 900 Ml/d Supplying 3 million people Impacts on salmon WUF’s concerns: • Impact of the original dams • Major flow regime changes since 1970s • Much less reservoir spillage • Big fall in salmon numbers since 1970s • Salmon stuck in lower river • Uncontrolled canal abstraction Original 2007-10 proposals for Habitats Direc-ve Compliance • Focused on achieving HD “Ecological River Flows” • Used “benchmark flows”, ie dams are natural! • Didn’t reduce impacts of dams on spates • Didn’t achieve natural flow variaons • Had big impact on canal water supplies, probably reQuiring canal closure BUT, complied with “rules”, so deemed OK! WUF Whingeing & Badgering • From 2007 to 2010, we wrote leRers, had meeFngs, made FoI reQuests
    [Show full text]
  • Results for Each Water Company
    EA-Water EA-Water Resources! REVIEW OF WATER COMPANY YIELDS APPENDIX 2 - RESULTS FOR EACH WATER COMPANY M ARCH 1998 Introduction This appendix contains the detailed deployable output results for each water company. The appendix is arranged by Environment Agency Region. Each Regional grouping contains an Agency aquifer sustainability map, followed by detailed results for each company, consisting of an Agency commentary, a resource zone map and the breakdown of the results. Groundwater unit assessment The Agency has reviewed each of the aquifer units in England and Wales to establish whether: • long term reductions in groundwater levels are occurring, and whether • adequate water resources have been reserved for river and other environmental needs. A simple "water accountancy" procedure has been used considering factors such as the natural recharge to the aquifer, the quantity taken by existing licensed abstractions and the environmental requirement for water, primarily for river flows. The procedure allows each aquifer unit to be placed into one of the three categories defined as follows: Category 1 no overall sustainability concerns Category 2 at sustainable limit Category 3 sustainability concerns This is a generalised approach; the nature of the method means that it is not definitive and more work would be needed to ascertain the environmental needs of any aquifer unit that has been placed in Category 3. Similarly, the overall balance of an aquifer unit may place it in Category 1, but there may be site specific problems associated with particular abstractions. Hartlepool Water York Water Works Essex & Suffolk Water Tendring Hundred Sevices FoJkstone & Dover Southern Water Services Cholderton & District Water WATER COMPANIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES ANGLIAN REGION Map AQ1 AQUIFER SUSTAINABILITY - Anglian Region j Anglian Water Services Anglian Water Services are the main water service company for the Anglian Region, covering an area from the Humber to the Thames and supplying a population of about 4 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Atkins, E. (2018). Building a Dam, Constructing a Nation: the 'Drowning' of Capel Celyn. Journal of Historical Sociology, 31(4), 455- 468
    Atkins, E. (2018). Building a dam, constructing a nation: The 'drowning' of Capel Celyn. Journal of Historical Sociology, 31(4), 455- 468. https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12186 Peer reviewed version Link to published version (if available): 10.1111/johs.12186 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Wiley at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/johs.12186 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Building a Dam, Constructing a Nation: The ‘drowning’ of Capel Celyn 1 ED ATKINS This document is a preprint of a manuscript accepted for publication by the Journal of Historical Sociology. It is not for citation without the permission of the author. Abstract: Throughout history, the planning and construction of a dam has become symbolic of wider ​ political events and processes. This paper investigates how the Tryweryn scheme in north-west Wales in the 1950s and 1960s became a central signifier within the emergent Welsh nationalism of the period. The project, providing water to the city of Liverpool, flooded the village of Capel Celyn and displaced its 48 residents. However, the opposition to the project extended beyond this rural community, with the scheme becoming a focal point for Welsh nationalism.
    [Show full text]