Rapport 2011
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First Carter Center Pre-Election Statement on Preparations in the Democratic Republic of Congo Oct. 17, 2011 the Carter Center
First Carter Center Pre-Election Statement on Preparations in the Democratic Republic of Congo Oct. 17, 2011 The Carter Center has been closely monitoring the implementation of the electoral calendar that was released by the Independent National Election Commission (CENI) in April of 2011. Voter registration that was scheduled to begin February 28 was postponed until June, which meant that the work of reviewing and validating the voter registry of 32,024,640 could not be concluded before the publication of the annex to the electoral law, determining the number of parliament member seats per district. The delayed publication of the provisional voter register threatens to undermine the public’s ability to confirm or challenge their details and lingering opposition party concerns about the quality of the register could be used to call into question the overall credibility of the voter roll. CENI must take rapid and convincing steps to ensure the transparency and credibility of the voter register to meet the state’s obligation to ensure that all eligible voters are afforded the right to do so. CENI and its partners, notably the United Nations Mission in Congo (MONUSCO) which provides air support for distribution of election materials among other assistance, are under serious time pressure to ensure the timely distribution of all necessary materials for a November 28, 2011 presidential and legislative election. The very high number of legislative candidates 18,386 creates a complex challenge for ballot paper design, printing, distribution and accommodation of the resulting large ballots by the ballot boxes. Moreover, ballot box production and delivery is still underway. -
Of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO
Assessing the of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO REPORT 3/2019 Publisher: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Copyright: © Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2019 ISBN: 978-82-7002-346-2 Any views expressed in this publication are those of the author. Tey should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. Te text may not be re-published in part or in full without the permission of NUPI and the authors. Visiting address: C.J. Hambros plass 2d Address: P.O. Box 8159 Dep. NO-0033 Oslo, Norway Internet: effectivepeaceops.net | www.nupi.no E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [+ 47] 22 99 40 50 Tel: [+ 47] 22 99 40 00 Assessing the Efectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC (MONUC-MONUSCO) Lead Author Dr Alexandra Novosseloff, International Peace Institute (IPI), New York and Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo Co-authors Dr Adriana Erthal Abdenur, Igarapé Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Prof. Tomas Mandrup, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and Royal Danish Defence College, Copenhagen Aaron Pangburn, Social Science Research Council (SSRC), New York Data Contributors Ryan Rappa and Paul von Chamier, Center on International Cooperation (CIC), New York University, New York EPON Series Editor Dr Cedric de Coning, NUPI External Reference Group Dr Tatiana Carayannis, SSRC, New York Lisa Sharland, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Canberra Dr Charles Hunt, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Australia Adam Day, Centre for Policy Research, UN University, New York Cover photo: UN Photo/Sylvain Liechti UN Photo/ Abel Kavanagh Contents Acknowledgements 5 Acronyms 7 Executive Summary 13 Te effectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC across eight critical dimensions 14 Strategic and Operational Impact of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Constraints and Challenges of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Current Dilemmas 19 Introduction 21 Section 1. -
The Political Role of the Ethnic Factor Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Political Role of the Ethnic Factor around Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Hubert Kabungulu Ngoy-Kangoy Abstract This paper analyses the role of the ethnic factor in political choices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and its impact on democratisa- tion and the implementation of the practice of good governance. This is done by focusing especially on the presidential and legislative elections of 1960 and 2006. The Congolese electorate is known for its ambiguous and paradoxical behaviour. At all times, ethnicity seems to play a determining role in the * Hubert Kabungulu Ngoy-Kangoy is a research fellow at the Centre for Management of Peace, Defence and Security at the University of Kinshasa, where he is a Ph.D. candidate in Conflict Resolution. The key areas of his research are good governance, human security and conflict prevention and resolution in the SADC and Great Lakes regions. He has written a number of articles and publications, including La transition démocratique au Zaïre (1995), L’insécurité à Kinshasa (2004), a joint work, The Many Faces of Human Security (2005), Parties and Political Transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2006), originally in French. He has been a researcher-consultant at the United Nations Information Centre in Kinshasa, the Centre for Defence Studies at the University of Zimbabwe, the Institute of Security Studies, Pretoria, the Electoral Institute of Southern Africa, the Southern African Institute of International Affairs and the Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria. The article was translated from French by Dr Marcellin Vidjennagni Zounmenou. 219 Hubert Kabungulu Ngoy-Kangoy choice of leaders and so the politicians, entrusted with leadership, keep on exploiting the same ethnicity for money. -
“We Will Crush You”
“We Will Crush You” The Restriction of Political Space in the Democratic Republic of Congo Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-405-2 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org November 2008 1-56432-405-2 “We Will Crush You” The Restriction of Political Space in the Democratic Republic of Congo Map of the Democratic Republic of Congo ................................................................ 1 I. Summary ............................................................................................................... 2 Methodology ....................................................................................................... 7 II. Recommendations ............................................................................................... 9 To the Congolese Government ............................................................................. 9 To the Congolese National Assembly and Senate .............................................. 10 To International Donors ..................................................................................... 10 To MONUC and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) 10 III. -
Bulletin D'information De L'assistance Electorale Internationale
U N I T E D N A T I O N S N A T I O N S U N I E S United Nations Organization Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Stabilization Mission in the Unies pour la stabilisation en Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUSCO République démocratique du Congo Division électorale BULLETIN D’INFORMATION DE L’ASSISTANCE ELECTORALE INTERNATIONALE NUMERO SPECIAL DU 27 SEPTEMBRE 2011 Activités de la CENI 8. Antipas MBUSA NYAMWISI (indépendant), Après les arrêts N° RCDC/PR/001 ; 9. François-Joseph MOBUTU NZANGA RCDC/PR/002 ; RCDC/PR/003 ; NGBANGAWE (Union des démocrates RCDC/PR/004 ; RCDC/PR/005 et Mobutistes), RCDC/PR/006 par lesquels la Cour Suprême de 10. Josué-Alex MUKENDI KAMAMA Justice a constaté, le 23 septembre 2011, (indépendant), l’irrecevabilité des recours formulés dans les 11. Etienne TSHISEKEDI WA délais aux termes de l’article 107 de la loi MULUMBA (Union pour la démocratie électorale introduits par les personnes et parti et le progrès social), suivants: Pour rappel, en 2006, les candidats étaient 1. Monsieur Kitenge Pungwe Ismael ; au nombre de 33, dont 4 femmes. Aucune 2. Monsieur Moka Jean-Paul ; femme n’est candidate en 2011. 3. Monsieur Lokongo Limbala Jean- Pierre ; 4. Révérend Vanga Kaniki Félix Bernard 5. Madame Léonard Lomami 6. Partis du Peuple pour le Progrès du Congo Conformément à son calendrier et aux prescrits de la loi électorale, la Commission électorale nationale indépendante (CENI) a, par la décision no 059/CENI/BUR/11, rendu publique la liste définitive des candidats à l’élection présidentielle du 28 novembre 2011. -
Mapping Conflict Motives: M23
Mapping Conflict Motives: M23 1 Front Cover image: M23 combatants marching into Goma wearing RDF uniforms Antwerp, November 2012 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 1. Background 5 2. The rebels with grievances hypothesis: unconvincing 9 3. The ethnic agenda: division within ranks 11 4. Control over minerals: Not a priority 14 5. Power motives: geopolitics and Rwandan involvement 16 Conclusion 18 3 Introduction Since 2004, IPIS has published various reports on the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Between 2007 and 2010 IPIS focussed predominantly on the motives of the most significant remaining armed groups in the DRC in the aftermath of the Congo wars of 1996 and 1998.1 Since 2010 many of these groups have demobilised and several have integrated into the Congolese army (FARDC) and the security situation in the DRC has been slowly stabilising. However, following the November 2011 elections, a chain of events led to the creation of a ‘new’ armed group that called itself “M23”. At first, after being cornered by the FARDC near the Rwandan border, it seemed that the movement would be short-lived. However, over the following two months M23 made a remarkable recovery, took Rutshuru and Goma, and started to show national ambitions. In light of these developments and the renewed risk of large-scale armed conflict in the DRC, the European Network for Central Africa (EURAC) assessed that an accurate understanding of M23’s motives among stakeholders will be crucial for dealing with the current escalation. IPIS volunteered to provide such analysis as a brief update to its ‘mapping conflict motives’ report series. -
NO19-Digital Media in Central Africa.Indd
REFERENCE SERIES NO. 19 MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA: NEWS AND NEW MEDIA IN CENTRAL AFRICA. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES By Marie-Soleil Frère December 2012 News and New Media in Central Africa. Challenges and Opportunities WRITTEN BY Marie-Soleil Frère1 Th e Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa. Rwanda and Burundi are among the continent’s smallest states. More than just neighbors, these three countries are locked together by overlapping histories and by extreme political and economic challenges. Th ey all score very low on the United Nations’ human development index, with DRC and Burundi among the half-dozen poorest and most corrupt countries in the world. Th ey are all recovering uncertainly from confl icts that involved violence on an immense scale, devastating communities and destroying infrastructure. Th eir populations are overwhelmingly rural and young. In terms of media, radio is by far the most popular source of news. Levels of state capture are high, and media quality is generally poor. Professional journalists face daunting obstacles. Th e threadbare markets can hardly sustain independent outlets. Amid continuing communal and political tensions, the legacy of “hate media” is insidious, and upholding journalism ethics is not easy when salaries are low. Ownership is non-transparent. Telecoms overheads are exorbitantly high. In these conditions, new and digital media—which fl ourish on consumers’ disposable income, strategic investment, and vibrant markets—have made a very slow start. Crucially, connectivity remains low. But change is afoot, led by the growth of mobile internet access. 1. Marie-Soleil Frère is Senior Research Associate at the National Fund for Scientifi c Research (Belgium) and Director of the Research Center in Information and Communication (ReSIC) at the University of Brussels. -
Democratic Republic of the Congo
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 JANUARY 2009 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 JANUARY 2009 Contents_______________________________________ PREFACE LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, FROM 15 DECEMBER 2008 TO 22 JANUARY 2009 Paragraphs Background information 1. GEOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................1.01 Map - DRC.....................................................................................1.05 Eastern DRC.................................................................................1.06 2. ECONOMY .............................................................................................2.01 Natural resources........................................................................2.09 3. HISTORY ...............................................................................................3.01 History to 1997.............................................................................3.01 The Laurent Kabila Regime 1997................................................3.02 The Joseph Kabila Regime 2001.................................................3.04 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................................4.01 5. CONSTITUTION ........................................................................................5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM ..................................................................................6.01 -
In Search of Peace: an Autopsy of the Political Dimensions of Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo
IN SEARCH OF PEACE: AN AUTOPSY OF THE POLITICAL DIMENSIONS OF VIOLENCE IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO By AARON ZACHARIAH HALE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Aaron Zachariah Hale 2 To all the Congolese who helped me understand life’s difficult challenges, and to Fredline M’Cormack-Hale for your support and patience during this endeavor 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I was initially skeptical about attending The University of Florida (UF) in 2002 for a number of reasons, but attending UF has been one of the most memorable times of my life. I have been so fortunate to be given the opportunity to study African Politics in the Department of Political Science in a cozy little town like Gainesville. For students interested in Africa, UF’s Center for African Studies (CAS) has been such a fantastic resource and meeting place for all things African. Dr. Leonardo Villalón took over the management of CAS the same year and has led and expanded the CAS to reach beyond its traditional suit of Eastern and Southern African studies to now encompass much of the sub-region of West Africa. The CAS has grown leaps and bounds in recent years with recent faculty hires from many African and European countries to right here in the United States. In addition to a strong and committed body of faculty, I have seen in my stay of seven years the population of graduate and undergraduate students with an interest in Africa only swell, which bodes well for the upcoming generation of new Africanists. -
Democratic Republic of Congo
Journalists can no longer muster the courage to cover so-called sensitive stories. Instead, they file “rent-paying” stories that merely help them to get by financially. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 72 MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2010 INTRODUCTION OVERALL SCORE: 1.80 Four years have passed since the first presidential and legislative elections in 2006 ended years of DEMOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC destabilizing rebellions and armed conflicts, and one year remains until the next elections in 2011. Security in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) remains a concern, and destabilization is a real possibility. A sense of insecurity has heightened since the assassination of a prominent human-rights activist, Floribert FChebeya Bahizire, chief executive officer of La Voix des sans Voix (VSV; the Voice of the Voiceless), in Kinshasa on June 1, 2010. The murder chilled human-rights advocates and media professionals alike. Journalists can no longer muster the courage to cover so-called sensitive stories. Instead, they file “rent-paying” stories that merely help them to get by financially. All the panelists admitted that self-censorship driven by fear is now the greatest threat to the right to inform and be informed in the DRC. Accordingly, the indicator concerning professional journalism scored lowest in this year’s MSI. Other incidents stemmed from insecurity in the eastern provinces. Chebeya Bankome, a media professional, was assassinated in April 2010. In another incident, a journalist accused of “treason” was arrested and thrown into jail for five months because he had published a press release of the Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Rwanda (FDLR), a Rwandan rebel group based in the mountains of the eastern DRC. -
Rapport De La Mission Francophone D'observation Des Elections Presidentielle, Legislatives & Provinciales
RAPPORT DE LA MISSION FRANCOPHONE D’OBSERVATION DES ELECTIONS PRESIDENTIELLE, LEGISLATIVES & PROVINCIALES DES 30 JUILLET & 29 OCTOBRE 2006 LISTE DES ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMES LISTE DES ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMES AMP : Alliance pour une Majorité Présidentielle APEC : Appui au Processus Electoral au Congo BLO : Bureau de Liaison des Opérations (électorales) BRP : Bureau de Représentation Provinciale (de la CEI) BVD : Bureau de Vote et de Dépouillement CEAAC : Communauté Economique des Etats d’Afrique Centrale CEI : Commission Electorale Indépendante CELC : Commission Ethique et de Lutte contre la Corruption CENCO : Conférence Episcopale Nationale Congolaise CIAT : Comité International d’Accompagnement à la Transition CLCR : Centre Local de Compilation des Résultats CODECO : Coalition des Démocrates Congolais CNCR : Centre National de Centralisation des Résultats CNS : Conférence Nationale Souveraine CPCR : Centre Provincial de Centralisation des Résultats CSAP : Conseil Supérieur de l’Audiovisuel et de la Communication CSJ : Cour Suprême de Justice CSM : Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature CCV : Chef de Centre de Vote CV : Centre de Vote CVR : Commission Vérité et Réconciliation DC : Démocratie Chrétienne DPDDH : Délégation à la Paix, à la Démocratie et aux droits de l’Homme EISA : Electoral Institute for Southern Africa FAC : Forces Armées du Congo FARDC : Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo FDC : Front pour la Défense du Congo IDH : Indice de Développement Humain HAM : Haute Autorité des Médias MIOE : Missions Internationales -
Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo November 28, 2011 Final Report Waging Peace. Fighting Disease. Building Hope. The Carter Center strives to relieve suffering by advancing peace and health worldwide; it seeks to prevent and resolve conflicts, enhance freedom and democracy, and protect and promote human rights worldwide. Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo November 28, 2011 Final Report One Copenhill 453 Freedom Parkway Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5188 Fax (404) 420-5196 www.cartercenter.org The Carter Center Contents Foreword ..................................2 Postelection Developments ..................55 Executive Summary .........................4 Tabulation ..............................55 Presidential Election Results ................60 Historical and Political Background ...........13 Legislative Results .........................61 Electoral Institutions and Legal Framework for Electoral Dispute Resolution .................63 the Presidential and Legislative Elections ......16 Legal Framework .........................16 Conclusions and Recommendations . .66 Electoral System ..........................18 Appendix A: Acknowledgments . 73 Election Management ......................21 Appendix B: Terms and Abbreviations ........75 Boundary Delimitation .....................26 Appendix C: Letters of Invitation ............76 Pre-Election Developments ..................28 Appendix D: The Carter Center Observation Voter Registration .........................28