Fossils: When Dinosaurs Took to the Skies
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A New Raptorial Dinosaur with Exceptionally Long Feathering Provides Insights Into Dromaeosaurid flight Performance
ARTICLE Received 11 Apr 2014 | Accepted 11 Jun 2014 | Published 15 Jul 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5382 A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance Gang Han1, Luis M. Chiappe2, Shu-An Ji1,3, Michael Habib4, Alan H. Turner5, Anusuya Chinsamy6, Xueling Liu1 & Lizhuo Han1 Microraptorines are a group of predatory dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaurs with aero- dynamic capacity. These close relatives of birds are essential for testing hypotheses explaining the origin and early evolution of avian flight. Here we describe a new ‘four-winged’ microraptorine, Changyuraptor yangi, from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China. With tail feathers that are nearly 30 cm long, roughly 30% the length of the skeleton, the new fossil possesses the longest known feathers for any non-avian dinosaur. Furthermore, it is the largest theropod with long, pennaceous feathers attached to the lower hind limbs (that is, ‘hindwings’). The lengthy feathered tail of the new fossil provides insight into the flight performance of microraptorines and how they may have maintained aerial competency at larger body sizes. We demonstrate how the low-aspect-ratio tail of the new fossil would have acted as a pitch control structure reducing descent speed and thus playing a key role in landing. 1 Paleontological Center, Bohai University, 19 Keji Road, New Shongshan District, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121013, China. 2 Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA. 3 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, China. 4 University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, BMT 403, Mail Code 9112, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. -
Dating Dinosaurs
The PRINCETON FIELD GUIDE to DINOSAURS 2ND EDITION PRINCETON FIELD GUIDES Rooted in field experience and scientific study, Princeton’s guides to animals and plants are the authority for professional scientists and amateur naturalists alike. Princeton Field Guides present this information in a compact format carefully designed for easy use in the field. The guides illustrate every species in color and provide detailed information on identification, distribution, and biology. Albatrosses, Petrels, and Shearwaters of the World, by Derek Onley Birds of Southern Africa, Fourth Edition, by Ian Sinclair, Phil and Paul Scofield Hockey, Warwick Tarboton, and Peter Ryan Birds of Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire by Bart de Boer, Eric Birds of Thailand, by Craig Robson Newton, and Robin Restall Birds of the West Indies, by Herbert Raffaele, James Wiley, Birds of Australia, Eighth Edition, by Ken Simpson and Nicolas Orlando Garrido, Allan Keith, and Janis Raffaele Day Birds of Western Africa, by Nik Borrow and Ron Demey Birds of Borneo: Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak, and Kalimantan, by Carnivores of the World, by Luke Hunter Susan Myers Caterpillars of Eastern North America: A Guide to Identification Birds of Botswana, by Peter Hancock and Ingrid Weiersbye and Natural History, by David L. Wagner Birds of Central Asia, by Raffael Ayé, Manuel Schweizer, and Common Mosses of the Northeast and Appalachians, by Karl B. Tobias Roth McKnight, Joseph Rohrer, Kirsten McKnight Ward, and Birds of Chile, by Alvaro Jaramillo Warren Perdrizet Birds of the Dominican Republic and Haiti, by Steven Latta, Coral Reef Fishes, by Ewald Lieske and Robert Meyers Christopher Rimmer, Allan Keith, James Wiley, Herbert Dragonflies and Damselflies of the East, by Dennis Paulson Raffaele, Kent McFarland, and Eladio Fernandez Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West, by Dennis Paulson Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and Mammals of Europe, by David W. -
A Model Based on Curvatures of Extant Avian Ungual Bones
Inferring lifestyle for Aves and Theropoda: A model based on curvatures of extant avian ungual bones A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Master of Science by Research in the Faculty of Science & Engineering 2019 Savannah E. Cobb School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Contents List of Figures.........................................................................................................................4-5 List of Tables..............................................................................................................................6 List of Abbreviations..............................................................................................................7-8 Abstract......................................................................................................................................9 Declaration...............................................................................................................................10 Copyright Statement...............................................................................................................11 Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................12 1 Literature Review........................................................................................................13 1.1 Avians, avialans, and theropod dinosaurs..........................................................13 1.2 Comparative study and claws............................................................................18 -
Index of Subjects
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47594-5 — Dinosaurs 4th Edition Index More Information INDEX OF SUBJECTS – – – A Zuul, 275 276 Barrett, Paul, 98, 335 336, 406, 446 447 Ankylosauridae Barrick, R, 383–384 acetabulum, 71, 487 characteristics of, 271–273 basal dinosauromorph, 101 acromial process, 271, 273, 487 cladogram of, 281 basal Iguanodontia, 337 actual diversity, 398 defined, 488 basal Ornithopoda, 336 adenosine diphosphate, see ADP evolution of, 279 Bates, K. T., 236, 360 adenosine triphosphate, see ATP ankylosaurids, 275–276 beak, 489 ADP (adenosine diphosphate), 390, 487 anpsids, 76 belief systems, 474, 489 advanced characters, 55, 487 antediluvian period, 422, 488 Bell, P. R., 162 aerobic metabolism, 391, 487 anterior position, 488 bennettitaleans, 403, 489 – age determination (dinosaur), 354 357 antorbital fenestra, 80, 488 benthic organisms, 464, 489 Age of Dinosaurs, 204, 404–405 Arbour, Victoria, 277 Benton, M. J., 2, 104, 144, 395, 402–403, akinetic movement, see kinetic movement Archibald, J. D., 467, 469 444–445, 477–478 Alexander, R. M., 361 Archosauria, 80, 88–90, 203, 488 Berman, D. S, 236–237 allometry, 351, 487 Archosauromorpha, 79–81, 488 Beurien, Karl, 435 altricial offspring, 230, 487 archosauromorphs, 401 bidirectional respiration, 350 Alvarez, Luis, 455 archosaurs, 203, 401 Big Al, 142 – Alvarez, Walter, 442, 454 455, 481 artifacts, 395 biogeography, 313, 489 Alvarezsauridae, 487 Asaro, Frank, 455 biomass, 415, 489 – alvarezsaurs, 168 169 ascending process of the astragalus, 488 biosphere, 2 alveolus/alveoli, -
Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: an Overview
feart-06-00252 February 11, 2019 Time: 17:42 # 1 REVIEW published: 12 February 2019 doi: 10.3389/feart.2018.00252 Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview Federico L. Agnolin1,2,3*, Matias J. Motta1,3, Federico Brissón Egli1,3, Gastón Lo Coco1,3 and Fernando E. Novas1,3 1 Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2 Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 3 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina Recent years witnessed the discovery of a great diversity of early birds as well as closely related non-avian theropods, which modified previous conceptions about the origin of birds and their flight. We here present a review of the taxonomic composition and main anatomical characteristics of those theropod families closely related with early birds, with the aim of analyzing and discussing the main competing hypotheses pertaining to avian origins. We reject the postulated troodontid affinities of anchiornithines, and the Edited by: dromaeosaurid affinities of microraptorians and unenlagiids, and instead place these Corwin Sullivan, University of Alberta, Canada groups as successive sister taxa to Avialae. Aiming to evaluate previous phylogenetic Reviewed by: analyses, we recoded unenlagiids in the traditional TWiG data matrix, which resulted Thomas Alexander Dececchi, in a large polytomy at the base of Pennaraptora. This indicates that the TWiG University of Pittsburgh, United States phylogenetic scheme needs a deep revision. Regarding character evolution, we found Spencer G. Lucas, New Mexico Museum of Natural that: (1) the presence of an ossified sternum goes hand in hand with that of ossified History & Science, United States uncinate processes; (2) the presence of foldable forelimbs in basal archosaurs indicates *Correspondence: widespread distribution of this trait among reptiles, contradicting previous proposals Federico L. -
A New Tiny Dromaeosaurid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol
第55卷 第2期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 129-144 - 2017年4月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA figs. 1 4 A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids XU Xing1* QIN Zi-Chuan1,2 (1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 * Corresponding author: [email protected]) (2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049) Abstract The Early Cretaceous Jehol dromaeosaurids are taxonomically and morphologically diverse, and one of them, Microraptor zhaoianus, has been suggested to be among the smallest known non-avialan theropods. However, this idea is based on specimens of relatively early ontogenetic stages, and the lower limit of the mature body mass of Jehol dromaeosaurids thus remains unknown. Here we describe a new dromaeosaurid, Zhongjianosaurus yangi gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (the middle section of the Jehol Group) from Sihedang, Lingyuan County, Liaoning in Northeast China. While this new taxon is referable to the Microraptorinae, it differs from other microraptorine dromaeosaurids in numerous features, most notably the fusion of proportionally long uncinate processes to dorsal ribs, a humerus with a strongly medially offset proximal end and a large fenestra within the deltopectoral crest, an ulna slightly longer than the humerus, and an arctometatarsalian pes. Most significantly, the estimated 0.31 kg mass of the Z. yangi holotype of an adult individual confirms that some Jehol dromaeosaurids are among the smallest known non-avialan theropods. -
Universal Studios Pass & Universal Express Pass
UNIVERSAL STUDIOS PASSTM & UNIVERSAL EXPRESSTM PASS UNIVERSAL STUDIOS JAPANTM Booking Period: Now – 31 Mar’18 Admission Date: By 17 May’18 Universal ExpressTM Pass 4 ~Standard~ or Universal ExpressTM Pass 4 ~The Flying Dinosaur~ Wish to maximize your time by skipping the queues at this fun-filled park? With this option, you can enjoy the priority queue at 4 selected rides! Universal ExpressTM Pass 4 Universal ExpressTM Pass 4 ~Standard~ ~The Flying Dinosaur~ Includes Timed Entry into The Wizarding World Includes Timed Entry into The Wizarding World of Harry PotterTM from 10.30am & Express of Harry PotterTM from 11.20am & Express queues for: queues for: **Timed Ride for Harry Potter & the Forbidden JourneyTM is during **Timed Ride for Harry Potter & the Forbidden JourneyTM is during 10.50 – 11.20am only & for Despicable Me Minion Mayhem is 11.40 – 12.10pm only & for Jurassic Park The Flying Dinosaur is during 14.10 – 14.40pm only. during 14.00 – 14.30pm only. **Ride(s) Closure: Terminator 2: 3D® – 10 to 11 Apr / The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man – The Ride 4K2D – 7 to 13 May / BackdraftTM – 14 to 25 May 2018. Price per Person (in JPY) Adult & Child (4 years & Above) Fr. JPY 5,200 per person Terms and Conditions ① 7 Days advanced purchase (Based on departure date from Singapore). ② NON-REFUNDABALE / NO CHANGES ALLOWED ONCE CONFIRMED. ③ Prices will fluctuate according to demands and subjected to decisions by Universal Studios JapanTM. Price will only be confirmed at the point of booking. ④ Free admission for children from 0 – 3 years old. ⑤ Limited allotments only daily. -
An Evaluation of Flapping-Based Locomotory Hypotheses in Bird
The wings before the bird: an evaluation of flapping-based locomotory hypotheses in bird antecedents T. Alexander Dececchi1, Hans C.E. Larsson2 and Michael B. Habib3,4 1 Department of Geological Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada 2 Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3 Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States 4 Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States ABSTRACT Background: Powered flight is implicated as a major driver for the success of birds. Here we examine the effectiveness of three hypothesized pathways for the evolution of the flight stroke, the forelimb motion that powers aerial locomotion, in a terrestrial setting across a range of stem and basal avians: flap running, Wing Assisted Incline Running (WAIR), and wing-assisted leaping. Methods: Using biomechanical mathematical models based on known aerodynamic principals and in vivo experiments and ground truthed using extant avians we seek to test if an incipient flight stroke may have contributed sufficient force to permit flap running, WAIR, or leaping takeoff along the phylogenetic lineage from Coelurosauria to birds. Results: None of these behaviours were found to meet the biomechanical threshold requirements before Paraves. Neither was there a continuous trend of refinement for any of these biomechanical performances across phylogeny nor a signal of universal applicability near the origin of birds. None of these flap-based locomotory models appear to have been a major influence on pre-flight character acquisition such as pennaceous feathers, suggesting non-locomotory behaviours, and less Submitted 23 January 2016 stringent locomotory behaviours such as balancing and braking, played a role in Accepted 27 May 2016 the evolution of the maniraptoran wing and nascent flight stroke. -
Universal Studios Japan Supports Areas Affected by Typhoon No. 19 (Hagibis) in Cooperation with Osaka City, Donating Its Origina
Friday, December 13, 2019 Universal Studios Japan Supports areas affected by Typhoon No. 19 (Hagibis) in cooperation with Osaka City, Donating its original products to children in Iiyama, Nagano and Sukagawa, Fukushima In cooperation with Osaka City, USJ LLC, the operator of Universal Studios Japan, will donate the following products to support areas severely damaged by Typhoon No. 19 (Hagibis), which occurred in October this year. As the operating company of a theme park that is always enjoyed by many children, we will deliver original products of the Park, in strengthened cooperation with our local municipality, Osaka City, to pupils and students of nursery, elementary or junior high schools in Iiyama City, Nagano Prefecture, with which Osaka City has a citizen exchange sister city relationship; and Sukagawa City, Fukushima Prefecture, where Osaka City has provided counterpart assistance. We would like to express our heartfelt condolences to those affected by Typhoon No. 19 (Hagibis). Even if only slightly, we hope we can contribute to easing the anxiety of and reassuring pupils and students in the two cities. 1. Eligible recipients: All pupils and students enrolled in schools, etc. whose facilities were damaged, or schools, etc. whose pupils/students were affected by the typhoon in Iiyama City and Sukagawa City: 6,707 people Breakdown: • Iiyama City, Nagano Prefecture: 1,331 people (2 junior high schools, 3 elementary schools, 4 nursery or other facilities) • Sukagawa City, Fukushima Prefecture: 5,376 people (6 junior high schools, 11 elementary schools, 2 nursery or other facilities) 2. Items to be donated: 9 types of goods featuring popular characters, Minions and Snoopy, such as pouches, tote bags and towels: 6,997 items (total sales worth about 10 million yen) 3. -
A Large, Short-Armed, Winged Dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria
Edinburgh Research Explorer A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria Citation for published version: Lü, J & Brusatte, SL 2015, 'A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution', Scientific Reports, vol. 5, pp. 11775. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11775 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1038/srep11775 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Scientific Reports General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Received: 18 November 2014 Accepted: 10 April 2015 Cretaceous of China and its Published: 16 July 2015 implications for feather evolution Junchang Lü1 & Stephen L. Brusatte2 The famous ‘feathered dinosaurs’ from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeastern China, include several dromaeosaurids, which are among the closest relatives of birds. Most of these are small-bodied taxa with long arms and broad wings comprised of vaned feathers, but a single specimen (the holotype of Tianyuraptor) belongs to a much larger individual with reduced forelimbs, which unfortunately lacks any preserved integument. -
“Screaming” “Otona” “Kowa Kawa” Three Types of Halloween Experiences Have Been Scaled up Throughout the Park!
Tuesday, July 16, 2019 “Universal Surprise Halloween” An even more “Super Extraordinary” experience with the biggest number of attractions in the event’s history! With “Six New Appearances“ and “Seven Scaling-ups” both children and adults can have fun all day long, from morning to night! “Screaming” “Otona” “Kowa Kawa” Three types of Halloween experiences have been scaled up throughout the park! From Friday, September 6, 2019 to Monday (Holiday), November 4 Universal Studios Japan will hold its extremely popular annual event “Universal Surprise Halloween” for a limited period from Friday, September 6, 2019 to Monday (Holiday), November 4. With a record number of attractions available for this year’s Halloween, “Three Halloweens: Screaming Halloween, Otona Halloween, and ‘Kowa Kawa’ Halloween” have been greatly scaled up throughout the park. Once you take a step inside the park, you will experience “super extraordinary available only here at the park” with its overwhelming worldview and quality. “Screaming Halloween” will have an array of “scariest” attractions which can be said to represent this Halloween season, including a scaled-up version of “Zombie de Dance,” which attains great popularity every year, and a survival horror maze that has reproduced the latest series of “Biohazard™” as well as a shocking new maze where guests face impossible terror and a brand new “active-style horror maze.” We will have “Otona (adult) Halloween,” a fashionable and extremely beautiful horror experience, this year too, which, proposing a new Halloween horror, became a hot topic of conversation as Japan’s notable immersive entertainment last year with its additional tickets sold out only a few minutes after their release. -
Multiple Parallel Deinonychosaurian Trackways from a Diverse Dinosaur Track Assemblage of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group of Shandong Province, China
Accepted Manuscript Multiple parallel deinonychosaurian trackways from a diverse dinosaur track assemblage of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group of Shandong Province, China Lida Xing, Martin G. Lockley, Ying Guo, Hendrik Klein, Junqiang Zhang, Li Zhang, W. Scott Persons, IV, Anthony Romilio, Yonggang Tang, Xiaoli Wang PII: S0195-6671(17)30544-X DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2018.04.005 Reference: YCRES 3854 To appear in: Cretaceous Research Received Date: 16 December 2017 Revised Date: 1 April 2018 Accepted Date: 5 April 2018 Please cite this article as: Xing, L., Lockley, M.G., Guo, Y., Klein, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Persons IV., , W.S., Romilio, A., Tang, Y., Wang, X., Multiple parallel deinonychosaurian trackways from a diverse dinosaur track assemblage of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group of Shandong Province, China, Cretaceous Research (2018), doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2018.04.005. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Multiple parallel deinonychosaurian trackways from a diverse dinosaur track assemblage of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group of Shandong Province, China Lida Xing a b c , Martin G. Lockley d, Ying Guo e, Hendrik Klein f, Junqiang Zhang e, Li Zhang g, W.