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The United Republic of Tanzania Resilience Strategy 2019–2022

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The United Republic of Tanzania Resilience Strategy 2019–2022 The United Republic of Tanzania Resilience Strategy 2019–2022 The United Republic of Tanzania Resilience Strategy 2019–2022 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2019 REQUIRED CITATION FAO. 2019. The United Republic of Tanzania Resilience Strategy 2019–2022. Rome. 32 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 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If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons license. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition. Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http:// www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. Photo cover: ©FAO/Daniel Hayduk Contents Acronyms . iv Executive summary . v Situation analysis 1 Natural hazards and climate-related risks . 2 Food chain crises . 2 Socio-economic crises . 3 Violence and conflict . 3 FAO Country Programming Framework 4 Resilience in the context of the United Republic of Tanzania 5 Rationale . 6 Framework 7 Objective . 7 Outcomes and outputs. 7 Operationalization 10 Target locations . 10 Target beneficiaries . 11 Partnerships and coordination . 11 Approaches for monitoring and evaluation . 12 Action plan . 12 Budget 13 Appendices 14 Appendix 1. Summary of key policies and strategic frameworks . 14 Appendix 2. Trends in hazards, shocks and stressors in the United Republic of Tanzania . 16 Appendix 3. Strategic framework. 17 Appendix 4. Action plan . 21 iii Acronyms CPF Country Programming Framework CSA Climate-smart agriculture FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GAP Good agricultural practices GDP Gross domestic product LGA Local government authority MKUKUTA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umaskini (National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty, the United Republic of Tanzania) MoA Ministry of Agriculture MUCHALI Mfumo wa Uchambuzi wa Uhakika wa Chakula na Lishe (The United Republic of Tanzania Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Committee) NGO Non-governmental Organization SIDO Small Industries’ Development Organization UN United Nations iv Executive summary Agriculture is the backbone of the economy in the United Republic of Tanzania. The sector contributes to about 30 percent of the gross domestic product, while supporting about 80 percent of rural livelihoods and producing about 95 percent of the country’s food requirements. However, small-scale production, which engages the majority of farmers and pastoralists, is vulnerable to natural as well as human-induced crises. Frequent exposure to shocks undermines their coping and adaptive capacity and wellbeing. Four main types of crises affect the agriculture sector: • natural hazards and climate-related risks • food chain crises • socio-economic crises • violence and conflict In this context, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has developed a strategy with the objective of enhancing the resilience of agriculture-based livelihoods and local food systems, thus improving food security and nutrition. This will be achieved through a combination of protection, prevention and disaster risk reduction measures that address the root causes of vulnerability, as well as meet the immediate needs of people affected by shocks and crises. The Strategy is fully aligned with the FAO Country Programming Framework (CPF, 2017–2020) for the United Republic of Tanzania, which itself aligns with the Government’s priorities and sectoral strategies, as well as with the United Nations Development Assistance Plan (2016–2021). The Resilience Strategy will be implemented over an initial four-year period, employing a scalability approach and engaging with all stakeholders, including both humanitarian and development partners, to strengthen resilience in the agriculture sector. The main planned outcomes of the Strategy include: By enhancing the • evidence-based and risk-informed policies, strategies and plans resilience of agriculture- promoting resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises supported based livelihoods and • early warning and risk-informed systems for potential, known and local food systems, FAO's emerging threats established and strengthened Resilience Strategy will • protection, prevention and mitigation of impacts of crisis and disaster improve food security and risks on communities and households supported and strengthened nutrition in the United • improved preparedness for and response to crises and disasters Republic of Tanzania through effective coordination v vi | United Republic of Tanzania Resilience Strategy 2019–2022 ©FAO/Marco Longari ©FAO/Marco Situation Addressing food insecurity and malnutrition remains one of the most pressing global challenges, particularly for countries in sub-Saharan Africa, analysis including the United Republic of Tanzania. The country’s agriculture sector is vastly diverse (including the cultivation of crops, livestock production, forestry and fisheries) and contributes significantly to national gross domestic product (GDP). Since 2014, the share of agriculture to national GDP has been slowly growing – in 2015, agriculture was the largest contributing sector to GDP. Within the agriculture sector, crop and livestock production, which alone accounted for 21 percent and 5.9 percent of the country’s GDP in 2016, respectively, are key to ensuring food security and nutrition in the country. Crop production in the United Republic of Tanzania is centred around several key food crops including maize, cassava, rice, sweet and Irish potatoes, bananas, sorghum and sugar cane. While crop diversity is high, the majority of households engaged in the subsector grow a limited amount of cash crops for subsistence. This is due to challenges facing the cash crop value chain, including poor transportation infrastructure; inadequate and poor storage, packaging and processing capacity and facilities; lack of technology; unfavourable financing terms; poor marketing systems; and poor quality control systems. Increased weather variability and changing patterns, including declining rainfall, is another major challenge to agricultural production and food security. Climate change and environmental degradation have largely hindered crop and livestock production. Competition for scarce natural resources has also led to conflict between and among pastoralist and farming communities. Dry areas of the country are particularly prone to shocks from economic downturns due to crop and livestock losses caused by natural hazards such as floods, drought, and outbreaks of diseases and pests of animals and plants. Other shocks and risks include structural stressors, including weak institutions and local governance, very poor physical and economic infrastructure and fragmented markets. These shocks and stresses, coupled with market failures and high food prices, have minimized livelihood options
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