DOCSLIB.ORG

Red Plants for Hawai'i Landscapes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Red Plants for Hawai'i Landscapes Ornamentals and Flowers Jan. 2010 OF-49 Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes Melvin Wong Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences his publication focuses on plants The plants with red coloration having red as their key color. In shown here are just a few of the pos- theT color wheel (see Wong 2006), sibilities. Their selection is based red is opposite to (and therefore the on my personal aesthetic preference “complement” of) green, which is the and is intended to give you a start in dominant color in landscapes because developing your own list of plants to it is the color of most foliage. The provide red highlights to a landscape. plants selected for illustration here Before I introduce a new plant can create exciting variation when species into my garden or landscape, I juxtaposed with green in landscapes want to know that it is not invasive in of tropical and subtropical regions. Hawai‘i. Some plants have the ability Lots of red can be used in landscapes to escape from their original plant- because equal amounts of red will bal- ing area and spread into disturbed or ance equal amounts of green. natural areas. Invasive plant species Many plants that can exist in a can establish populations that survive tropical or subtropical environment without human help and can expand do not necessarily give the feeling of a into nearby and in some cases even “tropical” theme. Examples, in my opinion, are plumerias, distant areas. These plants can outcompete native and bougainvilleas, rainbow shower trees, ixoras, and hibiscuses. agricultural species, causing negative impacts. Groups of plants that I believe provide more of a tropi- Luckily for plant enthusiasts in Hawai‘i, scientists cal look are palms, heliconias, gingers, bamboos, ferns, have developed a screening tool, the Hawaii-Pacific Weed bromeliads, birds of paradise, tī, orchids, members of the Risk Assessment system (HPWRA), which can predict a Araceae and Marantacea families, certain aquatic plants, plant species’ potential to become invasive in Hawai‘i or some tropical vines such as the passion flowers, and large other Pacific Islands. The HPWRA system uses a series ficus trees with aerial roots. Specific plants for this purpose of 49 questions about a plant species’ geographic origin, include Ficus pseudopalma, Ludovia lancifolia, Osmuxylon biology, ecology, undesirable traits, and pest status else- lineare, Piper magnificum(not yet assessed for invasive po- where to predict whether it has the potential to become tential; alternate name Piper pseudolindenii), and Begonia invasive. Based on the score, the species is rated low risk, nelumbifolia (New Guinea impatiens). Monocotyledons in “evaluate” (needs more information), or high risk. Species particular lend a primordial flavor. rated high risk have characteristics that may allow them Published by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) and issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in coopera- tion with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Andrew G. Hashimoto, Director/Dean, Cooperative Extension Service/CTAHR, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822. An equal opportunity/affirmative action institution providing programs and services to the people of Hawai‘i without regard to race, sex, age, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, dis- ability, marital status, arrest and court record, sexual orientation, or status as a covered veteran. CTAHR publications can be found on the Web site <http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/freepubs>. UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 to cause economic or environmental harm to Hawai‘i. Chapman, T.S. 1995. Ornamental gingers. Timothy Although using the HPWRA system is not legally bind- Sean Chapman, 6920 Bayou Paul Road, St. Gabriel, ing, its use allows us to make planting decisions that Louisiana. assist in developing a sustainable Hawai‘i. Over 1,000 Clay, H., and J. Hubbard. 1977. Tropical exotics. Univer- species have been assessed. If you are curious about the sity of Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu. invasive potential of a plant, you can contact the Weed Rauch, F., and P. Weissich. 1977. Plants for tropical Risk Assessment Specialists at [email protected] and landscapes. University of Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu. request an assessment or complete list of assessed spe- Wong, M. 2006. Color basics for landscapes. College cies. You can also access the ratings at www.plantpono. of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources org. Several of the species in this publication have been (CTAHR), University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. www. screened, and their rating is given by their name. ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/L-18.pdf. Wong, M. 2007. Ficus plants for Hawai‘i landscapes. References and further reading CTAHR. www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/ Berry, F., and W.J. Kress. 1991. Heliconia. Smithsonian OF-34.pdf. Institution Press. Washington DC. Wong, M. 2007. Tī plants for Hawai‘i landscapes. Bride, W. 1994. Color harmony 2. Rockport Publishers, CTAHR. www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/ Inc., Rockport, Mass. OF-36.pdf. Aechmea bracteata 2 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Aechmea compacta Alpinia purpurata (assessed “Evaluate” in 2002) Alpinia purpurata ‘Tahitian’ 3 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Anthurium andreanum ‘Madame Butterfly’ Anthurium andreanum ‘Obake’ Ardisia crispa (not assessed in Hawai‘i, but considered an environmental weed in Australia. According to A Tropi- cal Garden Flora, Ardisia crenata is one of two widely planted Ardisias in Hawai‘i and has been misidentified as Ardisia crispa. Ardisia crenata is invasive and should not be planted. 4 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Clerodendron splendens Cordyline fruticosa ‘Heather’s Spray’ Cordyline fruticosa ‘Johnny Noble’ 5 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Cordyline fruticosa ‘Kalama’ Cordyline fruticosa ‘Kilauea Iki’ Costus barbatus 6 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Cordyline fruticosa ‘Mahealani’ Cordyline fruticosa ‘Norman Kawauchi’ 7 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Costus erythrophyllus Cyrtostachys renda (rated “Evaluate”) Guzmania ‘Torch’ 8 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Heliconia angusta ‘Holiday’ Heliconia caribaea ‘Black Magic’ (while this cultivar has not been assessed, the species is low risk) Guzmania lingulata 9 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Heliconia caribaea ‘Purpurea’ Heliconia pendula ‘Red Waxy’ Heliconia psittacorum ‘Black Cherry’ Heliconia psittacorum ‘Lady Di’ 10 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Heliconia psittacorum ‘St. Vincent Red’ Heliconia psittacorum ‘Red Square’ 11 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinatta ‘BB Red’ Ipomoea horsfalliae (low risk) Impatiens hawkeri ‘New Guinea’ 12 UH–CTAHR Red Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes OF-49 — Jan. 2010 Neoregelia ‘Scarlet Charlotte’ Warszewiczia coccinea 13.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TAXON:Warszewiczia Coccinea
    TAXON: Warszewiczia coccinea SCORE: -7.0 RATING: Low Risk (Vahl) Klotzsch Taxon: Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch Family: Rubiaceae Common Name(s): chaconier Synonym(s): Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl Trinidad-pride wild poinsettia Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 21 May 2020 WRA Score: -7.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Tropical Tree, Ornamental, Butterfly-Pollinated, Self-Incompatible, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2)
    [Show full text]
  • Mussaendas for South Florida Landscapes
    MUSSAENDAS FOR SOUTH FLORIDA LANDSCAPES John McLaughlin* and Joe Garofalo* Mussaendas are increasingly popular for the surrounding calyx has five lobes, with one lobe showy color they provide during much of the year conspicuously enlarged, leaf-like and usually in South Florida landscapes. They are members brightly colored. In some descriptions this of the Rubiaceae (madder or coffee family) and enlarged sepal is termed a calycophyll. In many are native to the Old World tropics, from West of the cultivars all five sepals are enlarged, and Africa through the Indian sub-continent, range in color from white to various shades of Southeast Asia and into southern China. There pink to carmine red. are more than 200 known species, of which about ten are found in cultivation, with three of these There are a few other related plants in the being widely used for landscaping. Rubiaceae that also possess single, enlarged, brightly colored sepals. These include the so- called wild poinsettia, Warszewiczia coccinea, DESCRIPTION. national flower of Trinidad; and Pogonopus The mussaendas used in landscapes are open, speciosus (Chorcha de gallo)(see Figure 1). somewhat scrambling shrubs, and range from 2-3 These are both from the New World tropics and ft to 10-15 ft in height, depending upon the both are used as ornamentals, though far less species. In the wild, some can climb 30 ft into frequently than the mussaendas. surrounding trees, though in cultivation they rarely reach that size. The fruit is a small (to 3/4”), fleshy, somewhat elongated berry containing many seeds. These Leaves are opposite, bright to dark green, and are rarely seen under South Florida conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Pt. 2
    Surinam (Pulle, 1906). 8. Gliricidia Kunth & Endlicher Unarmed, deciduous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnate, 1- pinnate. Inflorescence an axillary, many-flowered raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in a cupuliform, weakly 5-toothed tube; standard petal reflexed; keel incurved, the petals united. Stamens 10; 9 united by the filaments in a tube, 1 free. Fruit dehiscent, flat, narrow; seeds numerous. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacquin) Kunth ex Grisebach, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen 7: 52 (1857). MADRE DE CACAO (Surinam); ACACIA DES ANTILLES (French Guiana). Tree to 9 m; branches hairy when young; poisonous. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptical, acuminate, often dark-spotted or -blotched beneath, to 7 x 3 (-4) cm. Inflorescence to 15 cm. Petals pale purplish-pink, c.1.2 cm; standard petal marked with yellow from middle to base. Fruit narrowly oblong, somewhat woody, to 15 x 1.2 cm; seeds up to 11 per fruit. Range: Mexico to South America. Grown as an ornamental in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, Guyana (Index Seminum, 1982) and in French Guiana (de Granville, 1985). Grown as a shade tree in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). In tropical America this species is often interplanted with coffee and cacao trees to shade them; it is recommended for intensified utilization as a fuelwood for the humid tropics (National Academy of Sciences, 1980; Little, 1983). 9. Pterocarpus Jacquin Unarmed, nearly evergreen trees, sometimes lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd- pinnate, 1-pinnate; leaflets alternate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in an unequally 5-toothed tube; standard and wing petals crisped (wavy); keel petals free or nearly so.
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida1
    ENH854 Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida1 Jody Haynes, John McLaughlin, Laura Vasquez, Adrian Hunsberger2 Introduction regular watering, pruning, or spraying—to remain healthy and to maintain an acceptable aesthetic This publication was developed in response to quality. A low-maintenance plant has low fertilizer requests from participants in the Florida Yards & requirements and few pest and disease problems. In Neighborhoods (FYN) program in Miami-Dade addition, low-maintenance plants suitable for south County for a list of recommended landscape plants Florida must also be adapted to—or at least suitable for south Florida. The resulting list includes tolerate—our poor, alkaline, sand- or limestone-based over 350 low-maintenance plants. The following soils. information is included for each species: common name, scientific name, maximum size, growth rate An additional criterion for the plants on this list (vines only), light preference, salt tolerance, and was that they are not listed as being invasive by the other useful characteristics. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC, 2001), or restricted by any federal, state, or local laws Criteria (Burks, 2000). Miami-Dade County does have restrictions for planting certain species within 500 This section will describe the criteria by which feet of native habitats they are known to invade plants were selected. It is important to note, first, that (Miami-Dade County, 2001); caution statements are even the most drought-tolerant plants require provided for these species. watering during the establishment period. Although this period varies among species and site conditions, Both native and non-native species are included some general rules for container-grown plants have herein, with native plants denoted by †.
    [Show full text]
  • Bromeliads Bromeliads Are a Family of Plants (Bromeliaceae, the Pineapple Family) Native to Tropical North and South America
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 19 March 2012 Bromeliads Bromeliads are a family of plants (Bromeliaceae, the pineapple family) native to tropical North and South America. Europeans fi rst found out about bromeliads on Columbus’ second trip to the New World in 1493, where the pineapple (Ananas sp.) was being cultivated by the Carib tribe in the West Indies. The commercial pineapple (Ananas comosus) is native to southern Brazil and Paraguay. After the colonization of the New World it was rapidly transported to all areas of the tropics, and now is widely grown in tropical and sub- tropical areas. The only A collection of bromeliads placed on a tree at Costa Flores, Costa Rica. bromeliad to occur north of the tropics is Spanish “moss” (Tillandsia usneoides). It is neither Spanish nor a moss, but an epiphytic bromeliad. It doesn’t look much like a typical Commercial pineapple, Ananas comosus, bromeliad, though, with its long scaly stems and reduced in the fi eld. fl owers. Bromeliads are monocots, many of which, like their grass relatives, have a special form of photosynthesis that uses a variation of the more usual biochemical pathways to allow them to use water more effi ciently. Even though they come from the tropics, this helps those that are epiphytes contend with life in the treetops where there is limited water and a real danger of drying out. There are about 2500 species Many bromeliads are tropical and several thousand hybrids epiphytes. and cultivars. Many have brightly colored leaves, fl owers or fruit, and range in size from moss-like species of Tillandsia to the enormous Puya raimondii from the Andes which produces a fl owering stem up to 15 feet tall.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Relations of Bromeliaceae in Their Evolutionary Context
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 181, 415–440. With 2 figures Think tank: water relations of Bromeliaceae in their evolutionary context JAMIE MALES* Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK Received 31 July 2015; revised 28 February 2016; accepted for publication 1 March 2016 Water relations represent a pivotal nexus in plant biology due to the multiplicity of functions affected by water status. Hydraulic properties of plant parts are therefore likely to be relevant to evolutionary trends in many taxa. Bromeliaceae encompass a wealth of morphological, physiological and ecological variations and the geographical and bioclimatic range of the family is also extensive. The diversification of bromeliad lineages is known to be correlated with the origins of a suite of key innovations, many of which relate directly or indirectly to water relations. However, little information is known regarding the role of change in morphoanatomical and hydraulic traits in the evolutionary origins of the classical ecophysiological functional types in Bromeliaceae or how this role relates to the diversification of specific lineages. In this paper, I present a synthesis of the current knowledge on bromeliad water relations and a qualitative model of the evolution of relevant traits in the context of the functional types. I use this model to introduce a manifesto for a new research programme on the integrative biology and evolution of bromeliad water-use strategies. The need for a wide-ranging survey of morphoanatomical and hydraulic traits across Bromeliaceae is stressed, as this would provide extensive insight into structure– function relationships of relevance to the evolutionary history of bromeliads and, more generally, to the evolutionary physiology of flowering plants.
    [Show full text]
  • The Double Chaconia
    [email protected] Tel: (868) 667-4655 May 2018 Our National Flower: The Double Chaconia By Professor Julian Duncan & Cheesman, 1928) With regard to the last for propagation. Initially he was named, recorded legend has it that the unsuccessful in getting them rooted; In 1844, Jozef Warszewicz – a Polish red transformed sepals reminded the early a measure of success came with botanist – was sent to Guatemala to French settlers of the chaconne, a peasant assistance from Mr. Roy Nichols join a Belgian company. He became dance popular in 18th century France and of the Imperial College of Tropical an independent collector and supplier Spain in which the dancer decorated their Agriculature (ICTA) and two plants of plants to orists and gardens in shirts with swatches of red ribbon (Adams were sent to Kew in Britain where Europe. He travelled extensively in 1976). they were recognised as a mutant Guatemala, Panama and Costa Rica form of W. coccinea. The plant was where he discovered a wealth of It was chosen as the National ower when assigned the name W.coccinea cv new plant species. Among these was the country became an independent nation ‘David Auyong’ (Nichols, 1963). The Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl.) Klotzsch. from Britain in 1962. Considering the local name – Pride of Trinidad – a better choice principal di erence between the wild could not have been made. type and the mutant is that in the latter, every ower in a cyme has all The plant produces a compound its sepals transformed to a greater or in orescence, consisting of an axis along lesser extent; this masks the presence which are paired stalked cymes, each of of the petals and accounts for the which contains 15-20 owers.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Adaptive Radiation, and Historical Biogeography in Bromeliaceae: Insights from an Eight-Locus
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51165827 Phylogeny, Adaptive Radiation, and Historical Biogeography in Bromeliaceae: Insights from an Eight-Locus... Article in American Journal of Botany · May 2011 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000059 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 183 290 19 authors, including: Michael H J Barfuss Ralf Horres University of Vienna GenXPro GmbH 37 PUBLICATIONS 1,137 CITATIONS 40 PUBLICATIONS 1,175 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Timothy M. Evans Georg Zizka Grand Valley State University Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main and Sen… 27 PUBLICATIONS 1,270 CITATIONS 271 PUBLICATIONS 1,798 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Genetic Analysis of The Coffea Family View project Phylojive View project All content following this page was uploaded by Thomas J Givnish on 02 June 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. American Journal of Botany 98(5): 872–895. 2011. PHYLOGENY, ADAPTIVE RADIATION, AND HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY IN BROMELIACEAE: INSIGHTS FROM AN EIGHT-LOCUS PLASTID PHYLOGENY 1 Thomas J. Givnish 2,15 , Michael H. J. Barfuss 3 , Benjamin Van Ee 2,4 , Ricarda Riina 2,5 , Katharina Schulte 6,7 , Ralf Horres 8 , Philip A. Gonsiska 2 , Rachel S. Jabaily 2,9 , Darren M. Crayn 7 , J. Andrew C. Smith 10 , Klaus Winter 11 , Gregory K. Brown 12 , Timothy M. Evans 13 , Bruce K. Holst 14 , Harry Luther 14 , Walter Till 3 , Georg Zizka 6 , Paul E. Berry 5 , and Kenneth J. Sytsma 2 2 Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA; 3 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria; 4 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02183 USA; 5 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA; 6 Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Research Institute Senckenberg and J.
    [Show full text]
  • Khan Et Al. 2008B
    TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 1–17 Khan & al. • Tribal and generic circumscriptions of Sabiceeae Sabiceeae and Virectarieae (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae): one or two tribes? New tribal and generic circumscriptions of Sabiceeae and biogeography of Sabicea s.l. Saleh A. Khan1,3, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison2, Birgitta Bremer2 & Sigrid Liede-Schumann1 1 Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden 3 Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh The results of two recent phylogenetic studies led to the reinstatement of the tribe Sabiceeae, currently clas- sified in the subfamily Ixoroideae s.l. (Rubiaceae) but with conflicting circumscriptions. In the present study, phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS and trnT-F sequence data of 78 taxa are performed to evaluate the dif- ferent circumscriptions of Sabiceeae, the generic limits within Sabiceeae, and the biogeography of Sabicea. The polyphyly of Sabiceeae sensu Andersson is confirmed, and Pentaloncha and Temnopteryx are shown not to belong to Ixoroideae s.l. but to the subfamily Rubioideae. Our results favour a broad circumscription of Sabiceeae that includes Ecpoma, Hekistocarpa, Pseudosabicea, Sabicea, Schizostigma, Stipularia, Tamridaea and Virectaria. Sabicea sensu Wernham is not monophyletic unless Ecpoma, Pseudosabicea, Schizostigma,
    [Show full text]
  • Missouri Environment and Garden Newsletter, January 2016
    Integrated Pest Management JAN 2016 Missouri Environment & Garden Bromeliads: Houseplants that Endure by David Trinklein When it comes to plants with beautifully colored leaves and novel flowers, the bromeliads have few rivals . These durable members of the pineapple family are native mainly to the tropical Americas . Many are epiphytic and grow in the branches of trees in decomposing organic matter . Others are terrestrial and have normal roots systems . In all cases, they are characterized by foliage that usually grows as a rosette and is vividly colored or patterned, and unique flowers unlike any other in the plant kingdom . Bromeliads are so numerous that many do not have common names . Instead, they are known by their genus designation such as Aechmea, Bilbergia, Guzmania, Tillandsia, Vrisesea . When common names exist, they often are very descriptive of the plants appearance, such as scarlet star, painted feather, flaming sword and silver vase . As houseplants the bromeliads are not demanding and their attractive leaves give them continual interest . Flowers, when produced, are very unusual and more diverse than any other family of plants . The inflorescence of most bromeliads take the form of elaborate and vividly-colored spikes enclosed in a colorful sheath and bract structure . This structure remains attractive long after the true flowers have faded giving the plant extended color . Bracts may survive and be attractive for several months up to a year, depending on species and environmental conditions . Because many species of bromeliads are epiphytic in nature, they have the unique ability to trap and conserve water . The center of the rosette formed by a bromeliad is known as its “cup ”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Adelpha 231
    The Genus Adelpha 231 PLATE 1 (pp. 50-63). Figs. 32-38, a,c,e,g, dorsal surface; b,d,f,h, ventral surface. 32a,b: A. bredowii bredowii, Mexico; c,d: A. bredowii eulalia, USA; e,f: A. bredowii californica, USA. 33a,b: A. diocles diocles, Panama; c,d: A. diocles creton, Mexico. 34a,b: A. herbita, S.E. Brazil. 35a,b: A. zea, S.E. Brazil. 36a,b: A. paroeca paroeca, Mexico; c,d: A. paroeca paroeca, Panama. 37a,b: A. nea nea, E. Ecuador; c,d: A. nea sentia, Belize. 38a,b: A. paraena paraena, E. Ecuador; c,d: A. paraena lecromi, W. Colombia; e,f: A. paraena reyi, Venezuela; g,h: A. paraena massilia, Costa Rica. 232 The Genus Adelpha PLATE 2 (pp. 63-76). Figs. 39-41l, a,c,e,g,i,k, dorsal surface; b,d,f,h,j,l, ventral surface. 39a,b: A. radiata radiata, S.E. Brazil; c,d: A. radiata myrlea, S. E. Brazil; e,f: A. radiata explicator, E. Ecuador; g,h: A. radiata aiellae, W. Ecuador; i,j: A. radiata gilletella, French Guiana. 40a,b: A. serpa serpa, S.E. Brazil; c,d: A. serpa diadochus, Peru; e,f: A. serpa celerio, Guatemala; g,h: A. serpa duiliae, W. Ecuador. 41a,b: A. seriphia seriphia, no locality; c,d: A. seriphia pione, Venezuela; e,f: A. seriphia aquillia, E. Ecuador; g,h: A. seriphia godmani, Mexico; i,j: A. seriphia therasia, Bolivia; k,l: A. seriphia egregia, N. Colombia. The Genus Adelpha 233 PLATE 3 (pp. 76-78).
    [Show full text]
  • Common Epiphytes and Lithophytes of BELIZE 1 Bruce K
    Common Epiphytes and Lithophytes of BELIZE 1 Bruce K. Holst, Sally Chambers, Elizabeth Gandy & Marilynn Shelley1 David Amaya, Ella Baron, Marvin Paredes, Pascual Garcia & Sayuri Tzul2 1Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 2 Ian Anderson’s Caves Branch Botanical Garden © Marie Selby Bot. Gard. ([email protected]), Ian Anderson’s Caves Branch Bot. Gard. ([email protected]). Photos by David Amaya (DA), Ella Baron (EB), Sally Chambers (SC), Wade Coller (WC), Pascual Garcia (PG), Elizabeth Gandy (EG), Bruce Holst (BH), Elma Kay (EK), Elizabeth Mallory (EM), Jan Meerman (JM), Marvin Paredes (MP), Dan Perales (DP), Phil Nelson (PN), David Troxell (DT) Support from the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Ian Anderson’s Caves Branch Jungle Lodge, and many more listed in the Acknowledgments [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [1179] version 1 11/2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS long the eastern slopes of the Andes and in Brazil’s Atlantic P. 1 ............. Epiphyte Overview Forest biome. In these places where conditions are favorable, epiphytes account for up to half of the total vascular plant P. 2 .............. Epiphyte Adaptive Strategies species. Worldwide, epiphytes account for nearly 10 percent P. 3 ............. Overview of major epiphytic plant families of all vascular plant species. Epiphytism (the ability to grow P. 6 .............. Lesser known epiphytic plant families as an epiphyte) has arisen many times in the plant kingdom P. 7 ............. Common epiphytic plant families and species around the world. (Pteridophytes, p. 7; Araceae, p. 9; Bromeliaceae, p. In Belize, epiphytes are represented by 34 vascular plant 11; Cactaceae, p. 15; p. Gesneriaceae, p. 17; Orchida- families which grow abundantly in many shrublands and for- ceae, p.
    [Show full text]