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La Cronologia Del Regno Di Šuppiluliuma I

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La Cronologia Del Regno Di Šuppiluliuma I UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE Sede Amministrativa del Dottorato di Ricerca XXII CICLO DEL DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE UMANISTICHE - indirizzo ANTICHISTICO LA CRONOLOGIA DEL REGNO DI ŠUPPILULIUMA I Settore scientifico-disciplinare L-OR/04 ANATOLISTICA DOTTORANDO COORDINATORE DI INDIRIZZO Violetta Cordani CHIAR.MO PROF. MICHELE FARAGUNA RELATORE CHIAR.MO PROF. STEFANO DE MARTINO, UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI TORINO SUPERVISORE/TUTORE CHIAR.MO PROF. STEFANO DE MARTINO, UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI TORINO CORRELATORE CHIAR.MO PROF. CLELIA MORA, UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PAVIA ANNO ACCADEMICO 2008/2009 Indice ABBREVIAZIONI V INTRODUZIONE 1. Il ruolo di Šuppiluliuma I nella storia ittita e vicino orientale 1 2. Storia degli studi 3 3. Metodo d’indagine 5 4. Prospetto del lavoro 7 I. I RAPPORTI FRA ÷ATTI E MITTANI PRIMA DELLA CAMPAGNA IN SIRIA DI ŠUPPILULIUMA I 1. Presentazione del problema 10 2. EA 17 11 3. Un raid preliminare in CTH 51? 17 4. EA 75 20 4.1. La posizione di EA 75 nel carteggio di Rib-addi di Biblo 22 4.1.a. La caduta di Irqata in EA 75 24 4.1.b. EA 75 e la presa di Sumur 27 4.1.c. Ordine delle lettere 28 4.2. EA 75 e i faraoni egiziani 30 4.3. EA 75 e la vittoria ittita su Mittani 32 4.4. Il confronto con il dossier mittanico 36 I Indice 4.4.a. EA 27 36 4.4.b. EA 24 e la datazione del raid preliminare 38 5. La presenza mittanica a Amurru 41 5.1 La testimonianza delle lettere amarniane 41 5.2. I rapporti fra Mittani e l’Egitto all’epoca della spedizione di Tušratta 42 5.3. Amurru nelle fonti ittite 45 5.4. Amurru fra Egitto e Mittani 46 5.5. La spedizione di Tušratta 48 II. LA COSIDDETTA “CAMPAGNA DI UN ANNO” 1. CTH 51 e la durata della Prima Guerra Siriana 51 2. Cause scatenanti 54 3. La Prima Guerra Siriana nell’epistolario amarniano 56 3.1. Le lettere da Biblo 58 3.2. Le lettere di Aziru di Amurru 62 4. La documentazione da Ugarit 68 4.1. EA 45 68 4.2. CTH 45, 46, 47 70 4.2.a. Il confronto con CTH 51 73 4.2.b. Le caratteristiche di CTH 45 76 4.2.c. Ordine degli eventi 77 5. Nuøašše 79 6. Qatna 84 6.1. CTH 51 e le lettere di Akizzi 84 6.2. Gli inventari di Qatna e il cosiddetto “archivio di Idanda” 85 6.3. Il regno di Idanda e il saccheggio di Qatna 88 6.4. Addu-nirari di Qatna e Addu-nirari di Nuøašše 89 6.5. Šarrupše nelle lettere di Qatna 90 7. Qadeš e Apina 94 Tabella 97 III. LA SIRIA DOPO LA FINE DELLA PRIMA GUERRA SIRIANA 1. EA 162 99 2. EA 189 102 3. Le lettere da Tiro 103 4. Le lettere di Biryawaza di Damasco 104 5. La documentazione da Qatna 106 II Indice 5.1. La fine del regno di Idanda 106 5.2. EA 55 107 5.3. Le altre lettere di Akizzi 110 6. Niya. 112 7. Le lettere di Arzawiya e Tewatti 112 8. EA 140 e le quattro lettere da Amq (EA 174-176 e 363) 113 9. EA 170 e DŠ 28 114 10. EA 161 e il viaggio di Aziru in Egitto 116 11. La situazione di Mittani 120 12. Considerazioni finali 121 Tabella 123 IV. LA GUERRA ÷URRITA 1. Le fonti dell’epoca di Šuppiluliuma I e KUB 19.9 125 2. L’episodio della daøamunzu e la corrispondenza di Šuppiluliuma con l’Egitto 128 3. La spedizione contro l’Egitto 134 4. Frammenti successivi delle Gesta 138 5. La datazione dei trattati con Amurru (CTH 49) e Nuøašše (CTH 53) 139 Tabella 143 V. LA DURATA DEL REGNO DI ŠUPPILULIUMA I 1. Considerazioni preliminari 145 2. L’ascesa al trono di Šuppiluliuma 147 2.1. I “20 anni” in Anatolia 147 2.2. Il destinatario di EA 41 148 2.3. Il confronto con l’epistolario amarniano 149 2.4. L’ascesa al trono di Šuppiluliuma nelle Gesta 151 2.4.a. I primi frammenti 152 2.4.b. Gli ultimi anni di Tutøaliya III 153 2.5. La campagna contro Arzawa 158 2.6. Il trattato con ÷ukkana di ÷ayaša 160 2.7. L’inizio della Prima Guerra Siriana 161 2.8. Tavola cronologica 164 2.9. Conclusioni 166 3. L’identità di Nibøururiya 169 3.1. Il nome del faraone 169 3.2. La morte di Nibøururiya 171 III Indice 3.3. L’assenza di eredi maschi 172 3.4. La coreggenza fra Amenhotep III e Akhenaten 173 3.5. Il raid su Amq 174 3.6. L’evidenza di KBo 50.24+ 174 3.7. Conclusioni 179 4. I successori al trono di Akhenaten 180 5. Confronto con le fonti ittite 182 5.1. Sequenza Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, Ankhetkheprure, Tutankhamon 182 5.1.a. Nibøururiya = Akhenaten 182 5.1.b. Nibøururiya = Smenkhkare 183 5. 2. Sequenza Akhenaten, Ankhetkheprure, Smenkhkare, Tutankhamon 184 5.2.a. Nibøururiya = Akhenaten 184 5.2.b. Nibøururiya = Smenkhkare 185 5.3. Osservazioni 185 6. La morte di Šuppiluliuma 185 VI. CONCLUSIONI 1. Ascesa al trono di Šuppiluliuma 192 2. La datazione di EA 75 193 3. La Prima Guerra Siriana 193 4. Il periodo fra le due guerre 194 5. La Guerra ÷urrita 195 6. La durata del regno di Šuppiluliuma 196 Tabelle 197 BIBLIOGRAFIA 204 IV Abbreviazioni ActaOr Acta Orientalia Ä&L Ägypten und Levante. Internationale Zeitschrift für ägyptische Archäologie AHw W. von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch, Wiesbaden AnSt Anatolian Studies AoF Altorientalische Forschungen AuOr Aula Orientalis BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BES Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar BiOr Bibliotheca Orientalis BSFE Bulletin de la Société Française d'Égyptologie CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago CTH E. Laroche, Catalogue des textes hittites, Paris 1971 DE Discussions in Egyptology ErIs Eretz Israel Fs Alp H. Otten, H. Ertem, E. Akurgal, A. Süel (eds.), Hittite and Other Anatolian and Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Sedat Alp, Ankara 1992 V Abbreviazioni Fs Hennessy St. Bourke, J.-P. Desoeudres (eds.), Trade, Contact and the Movement of Peoples in the Eastern Mediterranean, Sydney 1995 Fs Košak D. Groddek, M. Zorman (Hrsg.), Tabularia Hethaeorum. Hethitologische Beiträge Silvin Košak zum 65. Geburtstag, Wiesbaden 2007 Fs Orthmann J-W. Meyer, M. Novák, A. Pruss (Hrsg.), Beiträge zur Vorderasiatischen Archaölogie : Winfried Orthmann gewidmet, Frankfurt am Main Fs Otten2 E. Neu, Ch. Rüster (Hrsg.), Documentum Asiae Minoris antiquae. Festschrift für Heinrich Otten zum 75. Geburtstag, Wiesbaden 1988 Fs Popko P. Taracha (Hrsg.), Silva Anatolica. Anatolian Studies Presented to Maciej Popko on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday, Warsaw 2002 Fs Pugliese Carratelli F. Imparati (ed.), Studi di storia e filologia anatolica dedicati a Giovanni Pugliese Carratelli, Firenze Fs Renger B. Böck, E. Cancik-Kirschbaum, Th. Richter (eds.), Munuscula Mesopotamica - Festschrift für J. Renger, Münster Fs Rinaldi Studi sull'Oriente e sulla Bibbia offerti al P. Giovanni Rinaldi nel 60o compleanno, Genova GM Göttinger Miszellen Gs Forrer D. Groddek, S. Rößle (Hrsg.), Šarnikzel. Hethitologische Studien zum Gedenken an Emil Orgetorix Forrer (19.02.1894- 10.01.1986), Dresden 2004 Gs Imparati S. de Martino, F. Pecchioli Daddi (a cura di), Anatolia antica. Studi in memoria di Fiorella Imparati, Firenze 2002 Gs Kutscher A.F. Rainey (ed.), kinattûtu ša dârâti. Raphael Kutscher Memorial Volume, Tel Aviv 1993 Gs Meriggi Carruba O. (ed.), Studia Mediterranea Piero Meriggi Dicata, Pavia Gs Porada D.I. Owen, G. Wilhelm (ed.), Edith Porada Memorial Volume, Bethesda HKM S. Alp, Hethitische Keilschrifttafeln aus Maşat Höyük, Ankara 1991 JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society VI Abbreviazioni JARCE Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies LdÄ Lexikon der Ägyptologie MDOG Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin NABU Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires OA Oriens Antiquus. Rivista del Centro per l’Antichità e la Storia dell’Arte del Vicino Oriente OLA Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta OLP Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica OLZ Orientalistische Literaturzeitung Or NS Orientalia, Commentarii periodici Pontificii Instituti Biblici. Nova Series PdP La parola del passato. Rivista di Studi Antichi PRU III Nougayrol J., Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit 3. Textes accadiens et hourrites des archives est, ouest et centrales, Paris 1955 PRU IV J. Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit 4. Textes accadiens des archives sud (Archives internationales), Paris 1956 RA Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie orientale RANT Res Antiquae RGTC 6 G. del Monte, J. Tischler, Répertoire Géographique des Textes Cunéiformes, Vol. 6: Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der hethitischen Texte, Wiesbaden 1978 RGTC 6/2 G. del Monte, Répertoire Géographique des Textes Cunéiformes, Vol. 6/2: Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der hethitischen Texte. Supplement, Wiesbaden 1992 RHA Revue hittite et asianique RIL Rendiconti dell’istituto lombardo. Accademia di scienze e lettere RlA Reallexikon der Assyriologie RSO Rivista degli Studi Orientali SAK Studien zur altägyptischen Kultur SMEA Studi Micenei ed Egeo-anatolici TUAT-NF 2 B. Janowski, G. Wilhelm (ed.), Texte der Umwelt des Alten Testaments, Neue Folge. Band 2: Staatsverträge, Herrscherinschriften und andere Dokumente zur politischen Geschichte, Gütersloh VII Abbreviazioni TUAT-NF 3 B. Janowski, G. Wilhelm (ed.), Texte der Umwelt des Alten Testaments, Neue Folge. Band 3: Briefe, Gütersloh UF Ugarit-Forschungen WdO Die Welt des Orients ZA Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete ZÄS Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde ZVS Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der indogermanischen Sprachen 2HitCongr O.
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