DOCSLIB.ORG

Durham E-Theses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Durham E-Theses The practice of the imitation of Christ with special reference to the theology of Dietrich Bonhoeer. Adam, Peter James Hedderwick How to cite: Adam, Peter James Hedderwick (1981) The practice of the imitation of Christ with special reference to the theology of Dietrich Bonhoeer., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7559/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 ABSTRACT The Practice of the Imitation of Christ with special reference to the theology of Dietrich Bonhoeffer. by Peter James Hedderwick Adam This thesis is a theological investigation of the Imitation of Christ. It is a study of the Imitation of Christ as a theological theme as it occurs in Christian theology. The theme of the Imitation of Christ is investigated in two areas, that of Christian theology in general in the first and larger section of the thesis, and that of the theology of Dietrich Bonhoeffer in the second section. In the first section, the Imitation of Christ is studied in the following ways. The various strands of the Imitation tradition are analysed, the Imitation of Christ is studied as an instance of the human practice of Imitation, the Christological issues are investigated, as also is the relationship between Imitation and Christian theology. In the second section Bonhoeffer's notion of the Imitation of Christ is studied in the light of the issues raised in the first section. Thus Bonhoeffer's place in the Imitation tradition is assessed, and more light shed on the nature of the Imitation of Christ. - 1 - The Practice of the Imitation of Christ with special reference to the theology of Dietrich Bonhoeffer by Peter James Hedderwick Adam The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Ph.D. University of Durham Department of Theology 1981 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration and Statement of Copyright p.7 Acknowledgements p. 8 CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION The purpose and style of this thesis p.9 Choice of Imitation Material. p.13 De Imitatione Christi. p.16 SECTION ONE : THE IMITATION OF CHRIST IN CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY CHAPTER TWO : THE PHENOMENON OF THE IMITATION OF CHRIST Introduction. p.21 1. Ethical Imitation. p.22 (a) Examples of Ethical Imitation. p.23 (b) Imitation of Christ's Actions or Attitudes. p.24 (c) Imitation in Action or Attitude. p.28 (d) The practice of Imitation as a Test of Christianity. p.30 (e) Imitation and Suffering. p.33 (f) Imitation and Service. p.42 (g) Christ the Ideal of Humanity. p.46 2. Religious Imitation. p.49 (a) Christ as Model Son. p.50 (b) Imitation of the Movement of Christ. p.56 (c) Christ the Image of God. p.63 (d) Christ the Receiver of the Spirit. p.69 (e) Imitation in Religious Actions. p.71 3. Mystical Imitation. p.73 4 CHAPTER THREE : THE IMITATION OF CHRIST AND THE GENERAL PRACTICE OF IMITATION Introduction. p.79 1. Imitation in Ethics and Behaviour. (a) Imitation, its Prevalence and Use. p.81 (b) Conscious and Unconscious Imitation. p.82 (c) The Function of the Model. p.83 (d) Insights of Psychology. p.85 (e) Three Objections to Imitation. p.87 (i) Imitation and Creativity. p.88 (ii) Imitation and Self-expression. p.90 (iii) Imitation and Moral Responsibility. p.94 2. Imitation in the Religious Life of Man. p.98 (a) Imitation of God. p.98 (b) Imitation of Holy Men. p.101 3. Mystical Imitation in Human Life. p.106 Conclusion. p.108 CHAPTER FOUR : SOME FEATURES OF CHRIST AS EXEMPLAR Introduction. p.110 1. The Divine Nature of Christ. p.Ill 2. The Saving Purpose of Christ. p.123 3. The Perfection of Christ. p.126 4. The Ambiguity of Christ's witness. p.130 5. The Universal Value of Christ. p.135 6. The Distance of Christ from his present-day p.142 Imitators. 5 /CHAPTER FIVE : THE IMITATION OF CHRIST AND CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY 1. Introduction. p. 152 2. Imitation of Christ and Grace- p.158 3. Imitation and the Means of Grace. p. 166 4. Imitation and Man's Perfectibility. p.169 5. Imitation and Eschatology. p.171 6. Imitation of Christ and the Church. p. 174 7. Imitation of Christ and the Trinity. p.176 8. Imitation and the Humanity of Christ- p. 177 Conclusion to Section One. p. 184 SECTION TWO : THE IMITATION OF CHRIST IN THE THOUGHT OF DIETRICH BONHOEFFER CHAPTER SIX : THE IMITATION OF CHRIST IN DIETRICH BONHOEFFER1S THEOLOGY Introduction. p.187 The First Period: 1927-33. p.191 The Second Period; 1933-40. p.214 The Third Period: 1940-45- p.235 CHAPTER SEVEN : DIETRICH BONHOEFFER AND THE IMITATION OF CHRIST 1. Dietrich Bonhoeffer - an Imitator of Christ? p. 260 2. Bonhoeffer and the Imitation of Christ Tradition. p. 265 Endnotes. Chapter One p.275 Chapter Two p.277 Chapter Three p. 289 Chapter Four p.292 Chapter Five p. 298 Chapter Six p.301 Chapter Seven p.313 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapters One to Five p.316 Chapters Six and Seven p. 329 * * * Declaration and Statement of Copyright. I certify that the material of this thesis is the product of my own research and that no part of it has been submitted for a degree to this or in any other university. 7> .^>V AAa. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. 8 Acknowledgments. I wish to record my gratitude to those who have helped me in various ways during the time of the production of this thesis. I am most deeply indebted to my supervisor, Professor Stephen Sykes, for his encouragement, kindness, and stimulating comments. I am grateful to St John's College for hospitality and friendship. I am especially grateful to past and present colleagues, including John Cockerton, Ruth Etchells, Bruce Kaye, and Michael Vasey. My gratitude is also due to many other friends in England and Australia, who have supported me in various ways. 9 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The purpose and style of this^nesis. This thesis is an attempt to answer the question "What is the Imitation of Christ?" It takes the form of a theological investigation of the Imitation of Christ in two areas, that of Christian theology in general, and that of the theology of Dietrich Bonhoeffer. The particular character of this investigation is perhaps most clearly described by way of contrast with some alternative methods of treating the subject which were discarded at earlier stages of this research. The project began as a study of the Imitation of Christ in "Neo-orthodoxy", speedily resolving itself on grounds of length into a study of Bonhoeffer. A study of the Imitation of Christ in Bonhoeffer could have produced a valuable contribution to the Bonhoeffer debate, and may perhaps have provided a new way of understanding his theology. However before this theme could be investigated in Bonhoeffer's theology, it was felt necessary to write a brief account of the Imitation tradition. It was at this stage that I began to realise not only the extent of the Imitation tradition but also its theological richness, and this suggested new possibilities for this research project. One, which was soon abandoned, was to write a history of the Imitation tradition. The time and space available were not sufficient for this exercise. Another possibility was that of a 10 theological treatment of the theme of the Imitation of Christ, and I decided to pursue this in terms of Christian theology in general and Bonhoeffer's theology in particular. In the event, this has not resulted in an historical study of the theology of Imitation, but rather in an investigation of the theological shape of the continuing Imitation tradition. For it became evident that the different instances of Imitation in the history of Christian theology exhibited a striking family resemblance in the kind of theological issues that were raised. Despite considerable variety of expression, there was such continuity that it was possible to think of an Imitation tradition. It is this tradition which is the subject of investigation in this thesis. The discovery of this one Imitation tradition has resulted in a way of using the material which deserves comment. My method is theological rather than historical: though I use quotations from various theologians and writers, the quotations are used as contemporary voices, as material for my theological argument, and not in an attempt to describe their particular theologies. So ideas and words of various theologians are abstracted from their historical setting and employed in the context of my discussion: there is no attempt to do justice to the thought of any author except Bonhoeffer.
Recommended publications
  • The Cross of Christ 17 As Each Tiny Detail in the Works of Nature Reveal Omething of the Artist Hand That Fa Hioned the World

    The Cross of Christ 17 As Each Tiny Detail in the Works of Nature Reveal Omething of the Artist Hand That Fa Hioned the World

    Cf"he Cross of Christ By BRO. FflRRER CASSIDY, 0. P. HE cross is prominent now. A few days ago a cross of dry ashes was printed on our foreheads; all during D Lent the cross will be preached from the pulpit, and will be followed in the fourteen Stations. On Passion Sunday it will become still more vivid in our imagination be­ cause a veil will hide it from our sight. On Good Friday Holy Church, distressed with grief, actually turn her sorrowing soul more earnestly toward the cross than to the Mass; her grief does not darken her reason-she understands that this day must be dedicated to the cross, for it was on thi day that she sprang forth from the open side of Him vVho hung on the cross. True, her voice is shaking when she narrates the seeming victory of perfidious Israel over her Spouse when they nailed Him to the eros , but the bitter story ends with a gloriou , victorious cry that the triumph finally goes to the cross: "Above all he trees of cedar, thou only art most high, thou, on which hung the Life of the world, on which Christ triumphed, and death vanquished death forever!" After that every one of her holy edifices is turned into an unadorned monstrance to display this cross of Christ. The visible world delightful to the eye; the stars of heaven, the mountains of earth, the trees, flowers, the sea, the sky, are a picture-book in which to read God's glory, for all these things are imitations of divine beauty.
  • The Sinlessness of Jesus: an Evidence for Chris- Tianity

    The Sinlessness of Jesus: an Evidence for Chris- Tianity

    The Sinlessness of Jesus: An Evidence for Chris- tianity. Author(s): Ullmann, Carl (1796-1865) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library i Contents Title Page 1 Pefatory Material 3 Advertisement. 3 From the Preface to the Sixth Edition. 4 Preface to the Seventh Edition. 6 Contents. 8 Introduction 10 Part First. The Idea of Sinlessness. 18 Introduction. 19 Chapter I. Of Sin. 20 Chapter II. Of Sinlessness. 31 Part Second. The Sinless Holiness of Christ. 35 Introduction. 36 Chapter I. Testimony to the Sinlessness of Christ. 37 Sec. 1.—By Others. 38 Sec. 2—The Testimony of Jesus to Himself. 57 Chapter II. The Sinlessness of Christ Proved from the Effects Produced by His 66 Manifestation. Sec. 1.—The New Life of Christianity in its Moral and Religious Aspects. 67 Sec. 2.—Morality and Religion united in Holiness. 72 Sec. 3—These Effects caused not by an Idea, but by an Actual Person. 74 Part Third. Objections. 82 Introduction. 83 Chapter I. Arguments Against the Actual Sinlessness of Jesus. 85 Sec. 1—The Development of the Person of Jesus. 86 Sec. 2.—The Development of the Messianic Plan. 90 ii Sec. 3.—The Temptation. 96 Sec. 4.—Other Acts and Expressions of Jesus, as Arguments against His 110 Sinlessness. Chapter II. Arguments Against the Possibility of Sinlessness in General. 120 Introduction. 121 Sec. 1.—Arguments drawn from Experience. 122 Sec. 2.—Arguments drawn from the Nature of the Moral Idea. 128 Part Fourth. Inferences from the Foregoing Facts and Arguments. 134 Introduction. 135 Chapter I. Significance of Sinlessness with Respect to the Person of Christ.
  • Sampling Real Life: Creative Appropriation in Public Spaces

    Sampling Real Life: Creative Appropriation in Public Spaces

    Sampling Real Life: Creative Appropriation in Public Spaces Elsa M. Lankford Electronic Media & Film (EMF) Towson University [email protected] I. Introduction Enter an art museum or a library and you will find numerous examples of appropriation, all or most of which were most likely legal at the time. From the birth of copyright and the idea that an author, encompassed as a writer, artist, composer, or musician, is the creator of a completely original work, our legal and moral perceptions of appropriation have changed. Merriam-Webster defines appropriation in multiple ways, two of which apply to the discussion of art and appropriation. The first, “to take exclusive possession of” and the second “to take or make use of without authority or right.”1 The battle over rights and appropriation is not one that is only fought in the courtroom and gallery, it also concerns our own lives. Many aspects of our lives involve appropriation, from pagan holidays appropriated into the Christian calendar to the music we listen to, even to the words we speak or write appropriated from other countries and cultures. As artists, appropriation in many forms makes its way into works of any media. The topic of appropriation leads to a discussion of where our creative ideas come from. They, in some sense, have been appropriated as well. Whether we overhear a snippet of a conversation that ends up woven into a creative work or we take a picture of somebody, unknowingly, as they walk down a tree-shadowed street, we are appropriating life. For centuries, artists have been inspired by public life, and the stories and images of others have been appropriated into their work.
  • Double-Edged Imitation

    Double-Edged Imitation

    Double-Edged Imitation Theories and Practices of Pastiche in Literature Sanna Nyqvist University of Helsinki 2010 © Sanna Nyqvist 2010 ISBN 978-952-92-6970-9 Nord Print Oy Helsinki 2010 Acknowledgements Among the great pleasures of bringing a project like this to com- pletion is the opportunity to declare my gratitude to the many people who have made it possible and, moreover, enjoyable and instructive. My supervisor, Professor H.K. Riikonen has accorded me generous academic freedom, as well as unfailing support when- ever I have needed it. His belief in the merits of this book has been a source of inspiration and motivation. Professor Steven Connor and Professor Suzanne Keen were as thorough and care- ful pre-examiners as I could wish for and I am very grateful for their suggestions and advice. I have been privileged to conduct my work for four years in the Finnish Graduate School of Literary Studies under the direc- torship of Professor Bo Pettersson. He and the Graduate School’s Post-Doctoral Researcher Harri Veivo not only offered insightful and careful comments on my papers, but equally importantly cre- ated a friendly and encouraging atmosphere in the Graduate School seminars. I thank my fellow post-graduate students – Dr. Juuso Aarnio, Dr. Ulrika Gustafsson, Dr. Mari Hatavara, Dr. Saija Isomaa, Mikko Kallionsivu, Toni Lahtinen, Hanna Meretoja, Dr. Outi Oja, Dr. Merja Polvinen, Dr. Riikka Rossi, Dr. Hanna Ruutu, Juho-Antti Tuhkanen and Jussi Willman – for their feed- back and collegial support. The rush to meet the seminar deadline was always amply compensated by the discussions in the seminar itself, and afterwards over a glass of wine.
  • EKBERT of SCHÖNAU, Stimulus Amoris

    EKBERT of SCHÖNAU, Stimulus Amoris

    EKBERT OF SCHÖNAU, Stimulus amoris; THOMAS A KEMPIS, Imitatio Christi; PS.- AUGUSTINE [PATRICK OF DUBLIN?], De triplici habitaculo In Latin, decorated manuscript on parchment Southern France (?), c. 1440-1480 i (paper) + 89 + i (paper) folios on parchment, modern foliation in pencil top outer corner, complete (collation, i-viii10 ix10 [-10, cancelled with no loss of text]), no catchwords or signatures, ruled in lead with single full-length bounding lines, (justification, 111-110 x 90-87 mm.), written below the top line in a southern gothic bookhand in two columns of thirty lines, majuscules within text touched with red, red rubrics, two- to five-line red initials, lower margin, f. 1, excised, inscription in red on last page erased, rodent damage to lower, outer margin, with some loss of text, ff. 4-17 (usually a few letters in the bottom five or six lines) and more extensive damage to ff. 76-77, ink flaking on some folios. Bound in vellum over thin pasteboard in the seventeenth or eighteenth century, title, “Gersonis,” and shelfmark, “2[?]3,”written on spine in ink, two holes front and back covers from ties (now missing), some damage to the parchment covering the spine, but overall in good condition. Dimensions 166 x 123 mm. The Imitation of Christ’s call to follow the life of Christ as told in the Gospels may explain why it is still widely read today; hundreds of surviving manuscript copies witness its popularity during the later Middle Ages. Here it is accompanied by two texts that reflect other sides of medieval religious life – the extreme devotion to the Passion and the Cross of Ekbert of Schönau’s Stimulus amoris, and speculation on heaven, hell, and earth, found in De triplici habitaculo.
  • “The Imitation of Christ” 1 John 3:1-7

    “The Imitation of Christ” 1 John 3:1-7

    Aaron Coyle-Carr 11:00 service Wilshire Baptist Church 15 April, 2018 Dallas, Texas “The Imitation of Christ” 1 John 3:1-7 A little book called The Imitation themselves, just as he is pure.” of Christ is perhaps the most And then later on in verse seven, popular piece of devotional “everyone who does what is material in all of Christian right is righteous, just as he is history, apart from the Bible, of righteous.” It’s pretty clear that course. First John believes that the beloved community, the church, Written in the early 1400s by a is made up of those who spend Dutch monk named Thomas, the their lives imitating Jesus. It is book begins like this: the sincerest form of flattery, after all. “‘He that followeth Me, walketh not in darkness,’ saith the Lord. And there’s some powerful truth These are the words of Christ, by to this idea of imitation. which we are taught how we Elsewhere in the New ought to imitate his life and Testament, Paul asks the church manners, if we would truly be at Corinth to be imitators of him, enlightened, and delivered from even as he imitates Christ. We all blindness of heart.” 1 should be imitators of Christ, but I worry that, in the modern For Thomas, disillusioned by the world especially, the idea of material excess and superstition imitation doesn’t go nearly far of the medieval church, the key enough. to all of Christian spirituality was pretty basic: being a faithful Almost fifteen years ago, a Christian simply meant imitating landmark project called “The the life of Jesus Christ.
  • The Doctrine of Sin in the Thought of George R. Knight: Its Context and Implications

    The Doctrine of Sin in the Thought of George R. Knight: Its Context and Implications

    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Master's Theses Graduate Research 2009 The Doctrine of Sin in the Thought of George R. Knight: Its Context and Implications Jamie Kiley Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses Recommended Citation Kiley, Jamie, "The Doctrine of Sin in the Thought of George R. Knight: Its Context and Implications" (2009). Master's Theses. 47. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses/47 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. ABSTRACT THE DOCTRINE OF SIN IN THE THOUGHT OF GEORGE R. KNIGHT: ITS CONTEXT AND IMPLICATIONS by Jamie Kiley Adviser: Denis Fortin ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Thesis Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE DOCTRINE OF SIN IN THE THOUGHT OF GEORGE R. KNIGHT: ITS CONTEXT AND IMPLICATIONS Name of researcher: Jamie Kiley Name and degree of faculty adviser: Denis Fortin, Ph.D. Date completed: December 2009 George R. Knight attempts to chart a middle course between various historical extremes on the doctrine of sin. His view of the Fall and of the consequent effects on human nature is not as pessimistic as that of theologians in the Augustinian tradition (including Martin Luther and John Calvin), who stress the complete corruption of human nature and the loss of free will.
  • “This Translation—The First Into English—Of the Life of Jesus Christ By

    “This Translation—The First Into English—Of the Life of Jesus Christ By

    “This translation—the first into English—of The Life of Jesus Christ by Ludolph of Saxony will be welcomed both by scholars in various fields and by practicing Christians. It is at the same time an encyclopedia of biblical, patristic, and medieval learning and a compendium of late medieval spirituality, stressing the importance of meditation in the life of individual believers. It draws on an astonishing number of sources and sheds light on many aspects of the doctrinal and institutional history of the Church down to the fourteenth century.” — Giles Constable Professor Emeritus Princeton University “Milton T. Walsh has taken on a Herculean task of translating The Life of Christ by the fourteenth-century Carthusian, Ludolph of Saxony. He has more than risen to the challenge! Ludolph’s text was one of the most widely spread and influential treatments of the theme in the later Middle Ages and has, until now, been available only in an insufficient late nineteenth-century edition (Rigollot). The manuscript tradition of The Life of Christ (Vita Christi) is extremely complex, and Walsh, while basing his translation on the edition, has gone beyond in providing critical apparatus that will be of significant use to scholars, as well as making the text available for students and all interested in the theology, spirituality, and religious life of the later Middle Ages. His introduction expertly places Ludolph’s work in the textual tradition and is itself a contribution to scholarship. Simply put, this is an amazing achievement!” — Eric Leland Saak Professor of History Indiana University “Walsh has done pioneering work unearthing the huge range of patristic, scholastic, and contemporary sources that Ludolph drew upon, enabling us to re-evaluate the Vita as an encyclopedic compilation, skillfully collating a range of interpretations of the gospel scenes to meditational ends.
  • Imitation of Christ-Layout-12072017.Indd

    Imitation of Christ-Layout-12072017.Indd

    BOOK ONE Practical advice about the spiritual life 1. we must take christ for our model, and despise the shams of earth He who follows me can never walk in darkness,1 our Lord says. Here are words of Christ, words of warning; if we want to see our way truly, never a trace of blindness left in our hearts, it is his life, his character, we must take for our model. Clearly, then, we must make it our chief business to train our thoughts upon the life of Jesus Christ. 2. Christ’s teaching—how it overshadows all the Saints have to teach us! Could we but master its spirit, what a store of hidden manna we should find there! How is it that so many of us can hear the Gospel read out again and again, with so little emotion? Because they haven’t got the spirit of Christ; that is why. If a man wants to understand Christ’s words fully, and relish the flavourSAMPLE of them, he must be one who is trying to fashion his whole life on Christ’s model. 3. Talk as learnedly as you will about the doctrine of the Holy Trinity, it will get you no thanks from the Holy Trinity if you aren’t humble about it. After all, it isn’t learned talk that saves a man or makes a Saint of him; only a life well lived can claim God’s friendship. For myself, I would sooner know what contrition feels like, than how to define it. Why, if you had the whole of Scripture and all the maxims of the philosophers at your finger-tips, what would be the use of it all, without God’s love and God’s grace? 1 Jn 8:12.
  • Disciple Training

    Disciple Training

    Disciple Training [BASIC SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY] Basic Systematic Theology Fundamentals of Bible Doctrine Introduction Why should we study the Bible? Why are the doctrines of the Bible important? How do we study the Bible? ; Bibliology Doctrine of the Bible A. Authorship and Inspiration of Scripture B. Inerrancy and Infallibility of Scripture C. The Canon of Scripture D. Preservation of Scripture Theology Doctrine of God A) The Existence of God 1. General Revelation (Creation) Psalm 19 2. Special Revelation (Scripture) 3. Subjective Revelation (Conscious) B) How Does God Exist 1. Spirit = God is Spirit (John 4:24) C) The Attributes of God D) God as Trinity 1. Old Testament Scripture 2. New Testament Scripture 3. Nicene Creed 4. Athanasian Creed E) The Will of God (If time permits I will discuss the will of God) Christology Doctrine of Christ A. The Deity of Christ B. The Humanity of Christ C. The Perfection of Christ D. The Purpose of Christ 2 Basic Systematic Theology Pneumatology Doctrine of the Holy Spirit A) Through the HS = - We are convicted (Jn.16:8) - We have Spiritual gifts (1Cor.12:11) - Jesus enters our life (Rom.8:9 (9-16). B) Without the HS no one = -Is saved (Jn3:5) -Can know they’re saved (Rom.8:16) -Has the life of God in them (Gal.5:22-23) -Can Pray (Rom.8:26) -Can understand the Bible (1 Cor.2:10) -Can Worship (Jn.4:24) -Have Power to witness (Acts 1:8) C) Three commands in the NT regarding the Holy Spirit = -Be Filled With the HS (Eph.5:18) -Do not Grieve the HS (Eph.4:30) -Do Not Quench the Holy Spirit (1 Thes.5:19) Anthropology Doctrine of Man A.
  • Imitatio Alexandri.Indb

    Imitatio Alexandri.Indb

    S T U D I A A R C H A E O L O G I C A 187 ANNA TROFIMOVA IMITATIO ALEXANDRI IN HELLENISTIC ART Portraits of Alexander the Great and Mythological Images «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER ANNA TROFIMOVA ImitatiO Alexandri IN HELLENISTIC Art Portraits of Alexander the Great and Mythological Images © Copyright 2012 «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER Via Cassiodoro, 19 - 00193 Roma http://www.lerma.it © Anna Trofimova English translation Paul Williams Progetto grafico «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER Tutti i diritti risevati. È vietata la riproduzione di testi e illustrazioni senza il permesso scritto dell’Editore. Trofimova, Anna. Imitatio Alexandri in Hellenistic Art. - Roma : «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER, 2012. - XVI + 192 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Studia Archaeologica ; 187) ISBN: 978-88-8265-753-6 CDD 709.01 1. Alessandro : Magno Cover: Part of a chariot with the head of a warrior. Greece (?). Early 3rd century BC. Bronze (see. Fig. 130). Back-cover: Phalar with gorgoneion. Eastern Mediterranean, Bosporan kingdom (?), 2nd century BC. Silver, gilding (see Fig. 156) (Photos: © The State Hermitage Museum). INDEX ■ FOREWORD .......................................................................................... pag. VII ■ INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... » XI ■ CHAPTER I The History of the Study of Portraits of Alexander the Great and the “subject of imitations”............ » 1 ■ CHAPTER II Alexander the Great in Hellenistic Art. The Image and the Reality..................................... » 15 ■ CHAPTER
  • The Mind and Will of Christ

    The Mind and Will of Christ

    THE HUMAN MIND AND WILL OF CHRIST By EDWARD YARNOLD ESUS WAS FULLY GOD and a real man. What did this mean in practice? In particular, what did it feel like to be both God and man? Was the sense of divinity so strong that Jesus' human J knowledge and will, though always present, were almost irrele- vant, as an electric light is useless and almost unnoticed in a room lit by strong sunlight? But this is virtual monophysitism, the heresy that Jesus' human nature was absorbed into his divinity. So perhaps the divine knowledge was sealed off from the human knowledge, so that at the divine level of his consciousness he was all-knowing, while at the human level he knew himself only as a man, beset by ignorance and doubt, though admittedly not sin. No, this is virtual nestorianism, the heresy that separates a human person in Christ from the divine. How then do we escape this dilemma? Professor Eric Mascall cast doubt upon the validity of any attempt to study Jesus' psychology, when he wrote: I am frankly amazed to find how often the problem of the incarnation is taken as simply the problem of describing the mental life and consciousness of the incarnate Lord, for this problem seems to me to be strictly insoluble. If I am asked to say what I believe it feels like to be God incarnate I can only reply that I have not the slightest idea and I should not expect to have it. 1 Nevertheless, there are good reasons for trying to penetrate as deeply as we can into this situation which is beyond our experience.