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Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 04-01-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a May-June 1947

ASA Review, the successor to the monthly publication R-5, is the official technical and operational bulletin of the Army Security Agency and is issued every two months at ASA headquarters~ Washington 25, D.C. The publication of ASA Review is in accordance with Army regulations governing military periodi­ cals.

Contributions from readers are welcomed. Unclassified contributions from individuals may be sent either as personal mail or through Agency mail chan­ nels to the Editor, ASA Review, WDGAS-23, Army Security Agency, The Pentagon, Washington 25, D.C. Personal contributions of a classified nature, and the contributions of ASA units, should be forwarded only as official Agency mail.

ONLY ONE COPY OF EACH ISSUE OF AS A REVIEW MAY BE RETAINED FOR PERMANENT FILE AT EACH HEADQUARTERS OTHER THAN ARLINGTON HALL STATION. ADDITIONAL COPIES WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED WILL BE DESTROYED BY BURNING.

e&NFIBENTI:&la. REF ID:A66146

A 'lf011'EC1UI·

• From the Chief Cover: With one ear bent toward his headphones to check the With its operations spread all over the world and with the men and quality of the incoming signal, an intercept operator women at the various installations usually not being acquainted with converts visually-recorded dots and dashes into type­ each other or the nature of each other's work, Army Security Agency needs a medium for exchanging information and promoting better under­ written messages. standing. This need is partly filled by post and station newspapers. How­ ever, each one of these circulates only within a single establishment, and,since all of them are unclassi­ fied, they can contain no reference Contents: to our work -- the one thing we all have in common. Articles The Army Security Agency Review is being established to fill this

1 gap. It will be a semi-technical Signalman s Olyssey • o o o o o o o. o o o • o • o. • • • • • • • • • • • • • Michael Maslak . • • • . 4 bi-monthly publication, going into 11 "I've Got a New SystemJ ••••••••••••••••••••••••• Evert Conder••••••• 11 the subject-matter of our work and Two Historic Ciphers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Norman Dillinger 16 the activities of our organization as deeply as its Confidential clas­ News sification will allow.It will reach all of you who are engaged in ASA work, whether you are at Arlington Wanted: Three-Year Enlistments •••••••••••••••••••••••••••············· 10 Hall, one of the theater ASA Head­ RI Coverage of Sixth Army Maneuvers •..•••••••••••• ; ••••••••••••••.••.• 14 quarters, or an intercept station. Old Wine, New Bottle (ASA Extension School's revised curriculum) •••••• 26 It will have articles about people you know and subjects of interest New Inter~ept Equipment ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 to you, whether you are an inter­ ASA~ A Service With Its Own Reserve ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• J8 cept operator or an engineer, a cryptographer or a secretary in an Departments administrative office. When the establishment of the Around the Globe in ASA ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 magazine was announced, a very fa­

Cryptopuzzles ...... •.••...... •.. o •• 8 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 24 vorable reaction -- in the form of editorial contributions -- quickly "Now Here's How Our Outfit Won the War"•••••••••• John Victor•••••••• 28 made itself felt. If the initial response co~ti~ues, the magazine is Books in Review • • • • • • . . • . . • . • . • • . • • • . • . . • • • • • • • • • . • . • • . • • • • . • • . • • • • • • . 31 sure of success, for its purpose is to represent the ideas -of all who With ASA Hams •••••••••• a • •••••••••••••• o ••••••••••• o o •••• o • • • • • • • • • • • • 37 work for ASA. It will welcome ideas, suggestions, and written con­ tributions from every reader. We hope that ASA Review will provide the field of comnmnications intelligence and security with a full-fledged service journal.

May-June 194 7 ASA Review 3 REF ID:A66).46

(though it was perhaps 15 or more miles from the coast) the waters of the Lingayen Gulf could be seen. While there I wit­ nessed the landing of 80 Japanese S'hips on Signalman's Odyssey December 18. This was the beginning of the big push on Luzon, other landings, in • small strength, having been made for the In January 1946 T. Sgt. Michael Maslak, four months out of a Jap­ purpose of setting up conununications, etc. anese prison camp, turned up at Arlington Hall Station to report what was certainly the most amazing series of adventures experienced Ch December 24, after coming off a night by any of the hundreds of Americans who did signal-intelligence work watch, I was _unable to sleep and I got per­ during the war. mission to r~de in a car which was going to the Philippine Scouts installation where my Sergeant Maslak, who had not been heard from for more than three school roommate was on duty. En route, we and a half years, had long since been dropped from Second Signal Ser­ suddenly saw, rounding a curve about a quar­ vice Battalio~ records, and the news that he was alive was a sensa­ ter of a mile ahead, the vanguard of the tion in itseYf around Battalion headquarters, especially to Capt. Japanese push we had been awaiting. Oscar Wilde~, the adjutant, who had been first sergeant of the old Sec.ond Signal Service Company when Maslak was a member of its Phil­ Q.ir driver whirled around in the road and ippine detachment before the war. headed back toward camp. There was an ex­ change of fire between us and the leading In the course of his visit to Arlington Hall, Sergeant Maslak pro­ Jap vehicle. At the direction of an infan­ vided a large amount of previously unknown information about the fate try lieutenant in our car, we dropped hand­ of individual members of that detachment, who were scattered in all grenades in the road. We saw one of them directions by the events which began on December 7, 1941 -- some of blow up the Japs' lead truck, filled with them trapped on Corregidor, some left in the Philippine hills to be­ come guerrillas, some taken to Australia as the nucleus of the sig­ troops. . '. nal-intelligence service at General MacArthur's headquarters. We were the last to cross a large brid!$e Still a different set of adventures befell Maslak and two others. on the road back to camp. We gave the word This is the first installment of their story. that it could be blown up, and the destruc­ Mike Maslak -- March 1946 tion of this key crossing ( the highway was the only one into Baguio from that direction) . . •'. . . slowed up the enemy advance perhaps two or units of the Camp John Hay garrison, which three days. ~ Michael Maslak consisted of two companies of Philippine The evacuation of Baguio was ordered that Scouts and Signal and Quartermaster detach­ evening. The garrison was split up into Chapter 1 ments of U.S. troops. There were approx­ three groups, two of which had the objective imately 50 Americans in camp. They in­ of joining the main United States and Phil­ cluded the (American) officers of the Fil­ ippine forces on Bataan, apProximately 160 Baguio and Corregidor ipino companies, officers of the post head­ miles away. I was a member of the first quarters and the school, the Signal and QM group to leave. It included 11 of the 13 troops, and the students of the school, who West Point school students, plus several My experience in signal intelligence work nal Service Company. However, I was as­ by that time had been reduced in number to officers and Filipinos. We left at seven dates from November 20, 1939, when I was signed to the Company later and was sent 13. o'clock and the next group started four detailed to the Second Signal Service Com­ to Station 7 at Fort Hunt, Alexandria, Vir­ Camp John Hay was not organized and e­ hours later. The third group, which in'"'. pany detachment at Fort Hancock, New Jersey, ginia, on January 6, 1940, with four others. eluded only a few Americans, took to the from Fort Monmouth, where I had been at­ quipped for a major defense, but no invasion I went overseas in June 1940 to Station 6 in force had yet threatened the area. A hills to become guerrillas. tending the signal communications school. at Fort McKinley, the Philippines, beginning thorough watch for enemy moves was being General MacArthur had ordered the Camp I had enlisted in the Civilian Conserva­ my period of duty there on August 1. I served as an intercept operator there un­ kept, with the 228th Signal Operations Com­ John Hay complement to rendezvous with a tion Corps in July 1938, the month follow­ pany providing the necessary communications group of vehicles from Bataan near Balete ing my graduation from high school at John­ til the beginning of August 1941, whBn I was detached to become one of 60 students between observer outposts and the camp. Pass, southeast of Baguio on the Manila• son City, New York. Ch April 27, 1939, I This o~ganization also maintained radio Aparri highway. Traveling afoot, we made enlisted in the Army at Binghamton, New entering the West Point Preparatory School at Camp John Hay, Baguio, Luzon. Prior to communication between General MacArthur's the journey in three nights and two days, York, and was sent to Fort Monmouth, where USAFFE Headquarters and Camp John Hay. I arriving on December 27. We met two buses I was trained principally in fixed-station my entrance into the school I had completed several reserve-officer extension courses was placed on duty in the Camp John Hay about ten miles north of the pass. This operation before being moved over to Sta­ station controlling the local net and work­ was a gathering place for many of the scat­ tion 1 at Fort Hancock, just a few miles and was on the second extension course in cryptography. ing USAFFE. This served to relieve the bur­ tered American and Filipino forces in the away. den on the station's three regular opera tors. northern part of the island. At the time of my transfer to Fort Han­ When the war began, the personnel of the When off duty I often visited the lookout Before the buses were loaded to start cock I was not a member of the Second Sig- school were placed on duty with the other post on Mount Santo Tomas, from where south, a Major Fellows, the head of our par-

4 ASA Review May-June 194 7 5 REF ID:A66146

evacuated. This was New Year's Eve. ty, sent them to an Army warehouse at the us or to realize that-a sizable group of withdrawing into Bataan and digging in Pass, where they took on provisions for the Americans might be in the vicinity. We were taken to Bataan in trucks. I was there. guerrilla bands which were forming around with the Americans with whom I had come For the first time since the intercept Baguio. The major assembled about a hun­ At Mexico, along with my schoolmates, I down from Baguio. We had reassembled up­ station had stopped operating at Fort Mc­ dred cargodores (native carriers) who set was placed on duty with Philippine Army un­ on hearing that the retreat into Bataan Kinley, radio-intelligence work was re­ out into the hills with the provisions. i ts. F.ach one of us was assigned to a dif­ was to start. sumed sometime between January 15 and 20. ferent platoon, for the benefit of the Fil­ Next Stop -- Corregidor Four of us -- Lts. Brown, Gelb and Kinkade, 1'e rode through Balete Pass and Cabana­ ipinos' morale more than,anything else. I and myself -- were the first to be taken tua.n to Mexico, a village north of Manila was sent to an Engineer outfit whose job was After a short time on Bataan I was off the communications job, as we were able which was another gathering point for to prepire for and later to carry out demo- placed on duty with a battalion of the 60th to copy the kata-kana telegraph code trans­ Anti-Aircraft Regiment near the south-east­ missions better than any of the others. 'La­ ern tip of the peninsula,very near Corregi­ ter on, as more men could be spared from dor. This continued for only two days, for communications operating, Messer, Kapp and on the morning of January 3, I went across Gill were added to the intercept group, and the channel by barge to Corregidor and Bradbury was assigned to clerical work help­ found the Second Signal Service Company ing us. detachment, of which I was still a member. As the next several rare.graphs will show, Vlhile still at Camp John Hay, a few days our unfamiliarity with the type of traffic after war began, I had radioed Lieutenant with which we were faced after December 7 Colonel (then Major) Sherr from Camp John did not prevent us from producing much in­ 11:,mm Hay to ask him if I should return. He re­ telligence of immediate value as well as plied that I should remain there if I was ShowinQ" places concerned other information of longer-range use. All needed, so I stayed until the evacuation. of this was obtained either from reading in Sgt. Ai\aslak's adventures Hbwever, I was anxious to do intercept oper­ plain-text or from interpreting such ex­ • • • December l'J4] • March 1941. ating, and I had determined to make every ternal features as frequencies, callsigns, effort to rejoin my own outfit when we peculiarities of operators and signals, net started south. organization, the known missions of units Scale in Miles \llhile at Mexico I had tapped into the whose traffic we were intercepting, etc. 0 50 100 150 200 commercial telephone lines using a field phone, in an attempt to get through to Our Intercept Mission Bataan or Corregidor to locate the Second Olr first radio-intelligence job was the --~----- Highways Signal detachment. The wires were dead, as fltlnila was being evacuated that day and intercept of three types of communications: the eall had to go through there. transmissions from and to the reconnaissance planes we saw so often; traffic of the air­ No one whom I asked on Bataan knew where ferrying commands in the Philippines area; the Station 6 group was. I succeeded in and Japinese weather stations scattered a­ getting on a barge going over to Corregi­ bout the islands. dor on the morning of the Jrd, having de­ Because the traffic we were getting large­ cided they must be operating there. I got ly concerned the Air Corps, and air defense, onto The Rock just in time to get in on a we were first located at the anti-aircraft Jap air raid, and I had the closest call of command post in the main tunnel. An A-A all the times I was under bombing there and telephone operator was stationed with us to groups of evacuees. The group 1'rom Camp litions. This job lasted about three days, in my later adventures covering nearly four relay information from us to the executive years. I was only about 15 feet from the officer of the regiment and the commanding John Hay which had followed us across the or until December 301 by which time the Lin­ mountain trails from Baguio was close be­ gayen Gulf invasion had penetrated to a point edge of a huge crater when I "woke up. 0 officer. hind us on the highway, and immediately be­ only a few miles away. The bridges we blew I resumed asking questions regarding the Olr setup was makeshift, ,of course. Olr hind them as they drove, the bridges were up were on three roads forming a triangle -­ whereabouts of Second Sig and soon got a antennas were outside and reached the re­ being blown up. The Japs by this time had from Mexico to San Fernando; from San Fernan­ good clue: someone bad seen two pieces of ceivers via a very long lead-in. For re­ advanced perhaps 8CJ per cent of the WJ.Y from do to Calumpit Bridge, about 35 miles north direction-finding equipment being used Top­ ceivers, we had two Super-Pros -- all we their landing at Apirri to Balete Pass. The of Manila; and from that point to Mexico. side on The Rock that morning. Running could ask for in the way of reception, and road down which they were pushing with the this down led me to Lt. Brown and the rest as many in number as the four of us could evacuating forces ahead of them is the only We were being covered by a scattering of I of the boys. They were inside the Rock op­ man. highWJ.y connecting Apirri and Manila. units which were opposing the Japanese u.s. erating, and though an outward evidence of All four operated, but Lt. Brown and Lt. forces pushing in from the Lingayen Gulf. radio-intelligence activity had enabled me Gelb also had to evaluate the traffic and At a point near Balete Pass we saw Japs After the rear-guard troops had crossed the to find them, they were actually engaged in make translations (there was much plain­ bridges on their withdrawal to Bataan, each about half a mile away moving in artillery no RI mission. They were organizing com­ text), coorainate our results with ~2, and as we pissed. They did not appear to see bridge was blown up, and San Fernando was munications nets with the units that were make outside contacts in many places. Col-

6 ASA Review May-June 1947 7 REF ID:A66146

onel Sherr visited ua daily and waa almost first information of the landing at Batan­ the pilots 1 nicknames or code-names; names always able to.contribute valuable sugges­ PHILIPPINE DETACHMENT, gas on Luzon. of fruits were used• tions. All messages pertaining to the Phil­ SECOND SIGNAL SERVICE COMPANY Early in February, a large number of Jap­ Not only were the Japs generous with ippines he took to USAFFE Headquarters. December 1941 anese had landed at Agaloma., at the end of their information as to their intentions, They would be in a J:artial state of analy­ the Bataan Peninsula. Their mission was in­ but they also kept us well informed of sis when he arrived, except those in pl.ain­ filtration and sniping. The radio traffic their results. They would report their text, of course. Maj. Joe R. Sherr, Detachment Conuna.n­ of the planes which were sent to keep them losses and casualties, bombing or ob­ There was a cryptanalytic officer with der and Assistant Signal Officer, supplied with food and other necessities servation outcome, what U.S. batteries got whan Colonel Sherr, Lt. Brown and Lt. Gelb Philippine Department; a veteran gave away to us what was afoot. OUr forces the planes that were shot down, etc. They worked, but the rest of us did not have in signal intelligence work. headed them off and the Japi.nese mission would attempt to knock out the U.S. bat­ contact with him or know o:i the results of 1st Lt. Howard w. Brown, pioneer in was a failure. teries which were doing the dirty work. his work. RI work in the Philippines as an enlisted man; called to active du­ Che of our most interesting RI battles in­ After the Air Corps came to respect the lJe were in direct telephone contact w1 th ty as second lieutenant early 'in volved Captain Villamoor, a Philippine air results of radio intelligence, four Air the Navy, which had an RI setup in the Navy 1941 from position with Mackay Ra­ ace who ma.de regular reconnaissance flights Corps sergeants were sent to us to learn tunnel near Monkey Point. A naval officer dio, Manila. over Jap batteries across from Bataan. Che intercept operating. We gave them as much helped us a great deal in plain-text trans- day Foto Joe, the Jap reconnaissance pilot training as we could. lations. · T. Sgt. Eustac~ M. Messer, chief oper­ ator whose plane we were accustomed to seeing at Colonel Sherr arranged for RI work in the During the period on Corregidor I usu­ s. Sgt. Joseph Sarata, intercept oper­ seven o'clock every morning, spotted Cap­ ally slept from about one to seven in the front lines on Bataan, and Lieutenant Kin­ ator tain Villamoor and reported his position to kade, Kapp, Hall and Messer were sent there morning, as there was very little doing on s. Sgt. Iawrence M. Hall, intercept the Jap base. We heard the Japs send up the air at that time. I slept outside on for the entire month of February. They set operator six Zeros after our man. We told the Air up a telephone circuit for sending in their the beach with a group of Marines. Some of Sgt. Carl L. Card, intercept operator Corps; five P~40's which were already in the our detachment were so affected by the results to Corregidor. Their.location 'RS Sgt. John J. Phelan, intercept oper­ air as protection ~or Captain Vill.amoor a fixed one, in a dugout. Colonel Sherr bombing, however, that they never left the ator were informed that the Zeros were coming. tunnel. visited them often and was usually disap­ Cpl. Richard E. Nurss, intercept op­ OUr boys got all the Zeros while losing one pointed by the results, which seldom in­ erator and maintenance man of their own number. Foto Joe requested Eight men were the most we ever had on cluded information which could not have Cpl. Irving A. Stein, intercept op­ permission from his base to land, .report­ intercept work at one time. Because the been obtained at Corregidor. They were erator ing the outcome of the dogfight at the officers were largely absorbed in analytic brought back to Corregidor at the be­ Cpl. James E. Rhen, intercept oper­ same time. We heard the base tell him work and the other.enlisted men were new at ginning of March because the project 'Ra a tor more Zeros were coming up. So our planes, copying k:ata-k:ane., a very large pi.rt of the not sufficiently productive. PFC Daniel Gelb, intercept operator; low on gasoline by that time, were called intercept work fell to me, especially during Because of the way the JaJ:aneae air raids directly commi&sioned after out­ in. Lieutenant Kinkade's absence in February. break of war. Che of the officers would take over the re­ and reconnaissance missions were carried We Begin Voice Intercept out and because so much of the enemy traf­ PFC Michael Maslak, intercept oper­ ceivers during my meals; I also took a break fic 'RS in plain-text or 'RS subject to a tor F.arly in ?m.rch th13 JaJ:anese bombers now and then to look over the traffic and successful T/A (a term we did not know of PFC Paul A. Gill, intercept oper­ started using radiotelephone. We obtained work on some of the notes I had taken while then), we were able to develop considerable ator two interpreters, a Filipino and a Japan­ operating. PFC Stanley w. Kapp, intercept oper­ information for G-2. ese of American citizenship, who read their The Australia Contingent ator voice transmissions for us. The Japi.nese, Getting Air-Raid Tipoff a PFC Berkley J. Kinkade, intercept despite his· high trust, could go about only We were doing better work all the time, operator; commissioned with Gelb under an officer guard, lest he be mistaken but it was decided to send Lieutenant Brown It was the Japs' practice for raiding PFC David H. Summons, intercept oper­ planes to get to the general area of their for an enemy. and ten enlisted men, myself included, to ator Australia to be the nucleus for RI work intended target, reporting their location Sgt. Wayne R. Hightower, clerk; trans­ Chee, shortly after the Japs' radios be­ there. The others selected were Sergeant to their base all along the way, before ferred to a signal supply unit early gan using phone, we heard a bomber report being told what exact target to bomb. Re­ to base that he saw a group of civilians Messer, Corporal Nurss, Sergeant Card, Cor­ in the war poral Rhen, Corporal Stein, PFC Kapp, PFC connaissance planes advertised their loca­ PFC Jay E. Bradbury, clerk working on a bridge on Bataan. The base tions and to some extant their missions ordered him to bomb them, and we were able Bradbury, and PFC Gill (I was also a PFC). Those of the former Station 6 detachment in a similar mnner. Both reported re­ to warn Bataan in time for the intended vic­ not included in this group were Lieutenants sults to their bases by radio. Air-ferry­ got by observing the surface· characteris­ tims to reach cover. tics of the traffic and reading plain-text. Gelb and Kinkade, the only ones left on ing traffic provided a fairly good picture We knew the transmitting frequencies of Corregidor to do RI work except the Air of Japanese movements and intentions. When the Japs landed on Mindoro in late almost all the air bases from which planes Corps sergeants; Summons, Sarata, and Hall. Weather messages gave weather conditions in February or early March, we intercept op­ came over. The type of traffic they sent Sergeant Hightower had been transferred to Jap-held areas and to some extent were an erators were the first ones to know. u.s. -.as always the tipoff of an impending raid. a supply outfit. Colonel Sherr was one of indication of· what could be expected in the troops on the opposite side of the island Special frequencies were used for bombing; the officers going to Australia with Gener­ way of enemy air activity; also, this traf­ from the landing were informed of what had they alone were an invaluable source of in­ al MacArthur. fic disclosed the locations of their weath­ taken pl.ace and were given instructions to telligence for us. We came to know planes' er stations. These were the reaulta we evacuate. We also were the source of the callsigns by heart, and equally well we knew (To be continued.)

8 ASA Review May-June 1947 '9 REF ID:A66146 Wanted: Three· Year Enlistments "I've Got a New System!" Because of the need for qualified enlisted men to fill agency-wide openings in top­ So you think you have invented or discovered a new cryptographic system grade jobs, Army Security Agency bas obtained War Department permission to enl~st men that is absolutely unsolvableJ directly in the agency for three-year periods. ASA thus becomes the only service in the Army doing its ollll recruiting rather than gettin~ its supply of new men from the Do you feel that in comparison with yoF bra.in-child the methods used by the United Army-wide recruiting program. 766 - radio operator, high speed, States Army are outmoded and antique? Ch""perhaps have you discovered a short-cut or re­ The recruiting program is aimed at fill- manual finement in present techniques that allows more efficient use of time and man-power? President with their system, and in day­ ing vacancies which include apprOXimately 776 - radio operator, low speed dreams they were spending the million. If half of the Agency's authorized number of *799 - (738/9) intercept opera tor If so, you are just running true to form this article should stimulate your inventive master sergeancies and a comparable pro- *801 - cryptographic repairman with all the other cryptographers, pa.st, tendencies in a similar way, there are some portion in the other high grades. Large 805 - cryptographic technician present and future. For years -- yes, e­ things you should know about the rules of numbers of jobs calling for these grades *8Cf7 - cryptographic code compiler ven for ce~turies - nearly everyone asso­ the game, what others have done in the past, are unfilled. The Agency's promotion pol- *808 - cryptanalysis technician ciated with communications has been bitten and what your chances of success are now. icy, considerably more liberal than the av­ by the same bug: striving for the honor of In this way you will, perhaps, be saved many erage for all branches of the service, al­ Administrative being the person who invented the "abso­ hours of useless labor -- ~ides saving lows a man to b~omoted to the grade 014 - auto mechanic lutely indecipherable system. ii The search 267 - translator the time of others who may have to listen called for by the job he holds, provided, for the Fountain of Youth is insignificant to you. of course, that there is a vacancy in that 345 - ~ruck driver, light beside the Quest for the Unbreakable Ciph0r. grade. The Agency also hopes to get au­ 400 - tabulating machine operator Some Sample Suggestions 405 - clerk-typist The often-heard statement that it is im­ thority for enlisting men directly in the possible to invent a system which cannot be We propose, then, to give you from time grades for which they are qualified. 425 - tabulating machine repairman 502 - administrative non-commissioned broken has been accepted by hundreds and to time something of the history of cryp­ The recruiting of ne,.. men is directed officer thousands of people as a challenge to their tosystems which have been submitted to the to-.rd three-year enlistments only, because 93l - truck driver, heavy inventive abilities. Many of them have of­ War Department for adoption. As o~en as of the length of ti'aining required by the fered their ideas to the Government. Anoth­ possible, examples that have afforded hum­ ii:"' highly specialized nature of ASA jobs. How­ Training in the MOO marked ( *) will be er great impetus to cryptographic inventian orous moments will be given. At other ~ i given at the Army Security Agency School, II ever, men now in ASA service are permitted times, if the occasion permits, ideas that I,. to sign .up for the shorter enlistment peri­ Vint Hill Farms Station. The remainder were worthy of serious consideration will ! ods - one year or 18 months. will be provided by other army schools. If you come across the Unbreakable Ci­ be presented. Actually, in the long run, Enlistments are open to men with previous pher, be very careful that you communi­ what appears in this feature will depend Since the inception of this direct re­ cate it only to the proper authorities. upon you, the readers. The aim and content cruiting program March 17, the office set service in these specialties, men with pre­ vious service in other fields who will be Witness the commendable chariness displayed will be shaped by your response. If: you up in New York by M. Sgt. Maurice A. trained in these specialties, and men with by one correspondent: have any suggestions, please write in and Schultz has been recruiting 10 men a day. Military Intelligence of Codes tell us about them. A second office is being operated in Bos­ no previous military experience. ton by M. Sgt. Paul w. Springer. The Enlistees must attain the appropriate min­ Washington, D.C. However, right now let us go over some of the history of the phenomenon as seen in the average AGCT score of these enlistees has imum AGCT standard score as follows: Dear Sirs: been 121 and a sizable number of men have War Depa.rtment. The available records of had 130 or better. Most of the men are un­ For SSN 709, 8C17, 808 - AGCT score 120. I have heard that the.War Department the early days are rather scanty in this der 20 years of age, and many have had pre­ For SSN 400, 425, 538, 799, 801, 805 will µ..y a million dollars to anyone field. This is because in those days (from vious service. AGCT score 110. who can invent an unbreakable code. I the 1850's until World War I) new systems For SSN 405, 502 - AGCT score 100. have what I know is a code that cannot were usually sent in to various popular pub­ Q>enings are in the following military For all radio operators and for SSN be read. It is so good that at _times lications, such as Grahams Magazine (1841), occupational speci~lties: 014, 239, 667 - AGCT score 90. I cannot read it myself. I have told the Pall Mall Magazine (1896), and even For all other technical specialties - no one, not even my wife. How do I go newspapers. Technical AGCT score 90; and for all other ad­ about it to get the money? I.a ter (perhaps after World War I), crypto­ 237 - teletype opera.tor ministrative specialties - AGCT score 80. w.c. systems began to be submitted to the War 239 - teletype mechanic Depa.rtment and other government agencies. 261 - wire chief, T&T In addition, all radio operators must at­ The form and manner of submission bas var­ *538 - voice interceptor tain a minimum score of 110 in the ARC-1 on the pa.rt of the public es the wartime ied through the years according to the per­ 542 - communications chief radio aptitude test. Ideas for Victory campaign combined with a son and circumstances. Letters have been *543 - radio intelligence control chief Sunday-supplement story, widely circulated received which were addressed to the Pres­ 650 - telephone switchboard opera.tor In order to continue his assignment to ASA but without foundation, that the Government after having enlisted, each man must meet ident, to members of Congress, to the Sec­ 667 - message center clerk would ps.y a million dollars for an unbreak­ retaries of War, State and Navy, to the 674 - message center chief the above requirements for his MCS. Those able code. who fail to qualify as prescribed will be FBI, to the War Depa.rtment, and to various -Yc"/09 - traffic analyst (radio) other agencies. Some people have even 740 - radio operator, intermediate reported by the training center to the Ad­ Many who read that story set about immed­ speed jutant General for reassignment. iately to plan how they would rush to the hired lawyers to lobby for them. A consid-

10 ASA Review May-June 1947 II REF ID:A66146

arable number have wanted large sums of might exist? money for their invention. Some of the lysto Later we will show how the answer to must possess two distinct elements. The the question can be "yes 11 under certain first is a basic or unchangeabl&inethod by people who su~mitted systems were crack­ The answer to that question is "Well, -­ yes and no." conditions and 11 no 11 under others. However, which it operates. The second is a specific pots, others were vague dreamers, quite a or variable key which controls the exact few (especially during the }:8st war) were Does that seem stre.nge? Even so, it is for the time being we are more concerned an honest answer depending on the condi­ with setting forth the basic premises upon steps in the basic method. The secrecy of sincerely attempting to help the govern­ cryptosystems must rest entirely on the ment in the war effort, and others have tions under which the question is asked. which we must work. been professional cryptographic inventors There are times when it is impossible to s~cond of these elements, because in mili­ attempting to realize something for their decrypt even the simplest of monoalphabetic tary cryptography it must be assumed that efforts. ~ny of the War Department's cryptograph­ substitutions: when the message has only a the enemy knows all the details of the ic contributors are schoolboys who are not basic method but-does not know the partic­ The ststems have ranged from the simplest few letters of cipher-text. There are oth­ expecting a million dollars but in their er times when it is possible to decrypt the ular keying element used. Military exper­ monoalpbabetic substitution, contributed by ience has proved that it is impossible to naive sincerity are willing to give their most secure s~stem in use today. young school children, to excellent cryp­ maintain absolute secrecy of a cryptosystem treasured possession ~1th no thought of re­ Is possibility or impossibility of de­ tographic devices possessing considerable ward. An example: which must be used by a very large number merit. cryption the most essential requirement we of people, sending forth a voluminous traf­ War De}:8rtment are seeking? Not entirely. There often fic from many and widely-se}:8rated head­ There is little evidence to show how appears to . be a unive.rsal belief thB. t in­ Washington, D.c. quarters. Without considering the possi­ these systems were handled and disposed of ability to decrypt a single, often short, bility of treason or the activities of ene­ prior to 1930. From then (a~er the for­ message of 20 to 25 letters demonstrates my agents, it is necessary to remember that mation of the Signal Intelligence Service Dear Sir: that the system is ·unbreakable. There is a under the Office of the Chief Signal Of­ I am a boy and my name is M.F. I have legitimate operations, such as traffic-an­ similar belief that secrecy concerning the alysis or the capture of prisoners and com­ ficer -- which is now .he Army Security A­ been working on a code and it is fin­ details of a cryptosystem makes decryption ished and I thought it might help you mand posts, sooner or later result in the gency) until 1941, examination of the var­ impossible. But very few'amateurs know or accumulation of data sufficient to disclose ious 87stems •s mde by the small staff with the war. Would you kindly answer realize the fact that given a sufficient a­ the details of the system. working under llr. William F. Fried.mn. Af­ back about my code. I will write a mount of cipher-text, decryption is possible ter 1941, with the growth and expansion of code in this letter. in many systems without any knowledge of A Dead Giveaway - Traffic Volume A~ Security Agency, a special section •s the details upon which the system is based. set up whose sole function was to examine The Code We could expand the above, together with and evaluate the miscellaneous cryptosys­ Military history has likewise proved that other aspects, until certain standard con­ if attempts to maintain complete secrecy re­ tems submitted to the War De}:8rtment. §§.J.!!2~ll111~11 ditions and rules had been explained. It· 43 24 4 3 42 4 4 garding the basic method are successful, During the war this group received over seems more feasible at present to jump di­ the large number of messages exchanged 1,500 different cryptosystems. The ma­ rectly to a statement of the requirements makes it possible for the enemy to obtain a 2. ~ li y 17 y ll 17 18 8 6 which a military cryptosystem must meet. jority of these were of the type known as 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 4 j' great volume of traffic for study. Sooner "paper and pencil" systemsc simple substi­ These are practicability, secrecy and or later, and generally it is sooner, mis­ tution, transpositions, combination sub­ M.F. speed. takes, or violations of cryptographic secur­ stitution-transposition, and polyalpba­ To which the Chief Signal Officer an­ First - Is It Practicable? ity, are made and are exploited by trained betic systems. Some proposals involved swered: analysts with the result that the details As to practicability, a cryptosystem muet of the cryptosystem are revealed. simple disc cipher devices based on the Dear Master F. : produce text suitable for telegraphic trans­ Wheatstone principle. A few, especially Thank you for your letter and for the mission. This rules out systems employing The requirement for speed should be quite those submitted by men who worked in Army special characters of all kinds, leaving on­ apJ:8rent. Methods that were considered code rooms, were excellent and practical cipher you sent for use by the war De­ partment. It is a very good cipher for ly letters and figures for the composition fairly rapid in 1918 are today hopelessly and would have been adopted for use had it certain uses. of the text. Eiccept in special cases, even slow. The increasing mobility of modern not been for the fact that they duplicated military forces has brought a new concep­ Unfortunately the lJa.r De,I:8rtment can­ a mixture of these is undesirable. The existing equipment. In other words, the length of the cipher-text may be somewhat tion of the speed requirements of communi­ idea llllS good but the inventor in the field not use your cipher at the present time cations. The expansion and growth in com­ because a different type of cipher is longer than the equivalent plain-text, but was several years behind the home office. under no circumstanced should it be longer plexity of the modern military organization necessary. However, your cipher will be necessitates loading ·down our lines of com­ A number of modifications and refinements kept wher.e it may be found, so that if than twice the plain-text. Th~ method of encryption must be relatively simple and munications with hundreds of messages which which were suggested were adopted -- so you it is ever needed it can be used. must be moved in the fastest possible time. see, there is hope for you too. rapid, not requiring the application of a long series of steps or rules, and possible Furthermore, at present the necessity for It is like the answer to "Can a blind man of operation by a dingle person. Further­ speed is gradually assuming almost para­ An SOP for Inventors see?" · more, the system must be such that errors, mount importance. If this trend continues, low as to some of the rules of the game which invariably occur, can be corrected it may be that even secrecy must if neces­ of cryptoinvention. rr you are an experi­ In other words, we must know {and here we easily and rapidly. Systems in which it is sary give way to speed. enced cryptographer or cryptanalyst you rm.y are speaking from a military aspectJ the · requirements that a cryptographic system possible for a single-letter error to af­ Next issue we'll give you something light­ already know them. If you are a tyro in fect all the remaining letters of the text er and humorous: a sort of a Perry Mason the field it is quite probable you do not. must meet, the conditions under which it cannot be permitted. will be employed, and the amount of infor­ "The Case of the Perfumed .llessage." · Is it possible to decrypt any system that mation likely to be available to the ana- Under secrecy we find that a cryptosystem - Evert Conder ll ASA Review May-June 1947 13 REF ID:A66146

RI Coverage of Sixth Army Maneuvers A lllEETllll:

It has always been the lot of the men are in fact a distinct occupational group, and women in our work to remain behind the much like the more widely known profes­ scenes, away from the view of the public sions, and we need, as much as any other and even of their own co-workers.. This professional group, a common meeting­ isolation from the outside world is part ground, in the form of a journal devoted of the very nature of the work and is nec­ to our work. essary to its success; but that we should Many of us have written technical papers be entirely.shut off from one another is which have been "published 11 in an original not only unnecessary but a definite dis­ and two carbons, gone through channels, advantage. and stopped there for want of a medium of A wall of this kind surrounds each indi­ further promulgation. Many other purely technical subjects have never been set vidual working for the Army Security Agen­ down on paper, and many of the very inter­ cy. None of us knows, in a professional esting sidelights and ·background material way, more than the comparatively small of our science never come to the notice of number of people .encountered in the course our colleagues, because of the same lack. Operations Ridge, Camp Pendleton maneuver area site of a D/F of the day's work. We do not know what Now, with the establishment of our own installation operated by the 60th Signal Service Company in the Sixth ideas the other fellow has which may in­ Army maneuvers. terest tts, except when those ideas ilave a journal, we will have an outlet, a plat­ direct bearing on our own duties. form from which to express our ideas, and • • • • • • ...... a medium for carrying to a wider circle of 'RECCMMENDATICNS as to the future use of telegraph characters, and transmitting hab­ The cause of this isolation is simply enthusiastic devotees our thoughts in radio intelligence compmies in training its of actual enemy nets, such as those of the size to which our organization has written form. I hope that ASA Review will maneuvers have been submitted to ASA by the Japanese Army during the war. Without had, by force of circumstances, to ex­ further both the development of a profes­ such an aid, traffic from enemy and friend­ Capt. John P. Shean of WDGAS-22 in a repnrt sional spirit among ourselves and the ad­ on the 60th Signal Service Company's par­ ly maneuver forces and other Army stations pand. No amount of orientation, no a­ ticipation in Sixth Atmy maneuvers last sounds alike to RI operators. mount of liaison betwaen·individuals or vancement of our collaborative researchef­ November in San Diego County, Calif. Captain Shean reported to ASA that the groups.could bring about the kind of unity forts in a highly specialized field of ur­ The 6oth, an ASA unit permanently sta­ maneuvers serve.d to 11 sell" the place of RI we would have if we were much smaller. We gent importance in the national defense. tioned at Fort lewis, wash., was provided work in Army intelligence. Brigadier Gen­ by ASA to operate as the sole RI compmy in e:r:al Pape, Sixth Army G-2, spent consider­ the maneuvers. This required the company able time with the 60th and acquired a com­ to cover the radio traffic of both sides plete knowledge of this type of unit. simultaneously, a procedure which Captain ~ptain Shean•s summary of operational Shean recommended be changed in future results obtained by the 6oth showed that training. · "all conceivable types of information were ings. other insecure practices on 'the part codes for place-names and persons. obtained by radio intercept •••• due to +.he of the maneuver troops included failure to During the maneuvers the 6oth was working The captain's report on the maneuvers authenticate transmissions in most cases; also suggested that radio intelligence almost complete absence of security mea­ against heavy odds from loss of key men. sures during radio transmissions of the violation of the principle of using minimum Forty-one of the most experienced enlisted units not be employed by the maneuver um­ power necessary to maintain communication; pires, as was done in this case. maneuver troops. Position-finding activ­ men in the maneuver detachment were dis­ ities were useful in some cases in report­ and inefficient operation resulting from charged and were replaced just before the A third recommendation was that the ma­ ing locations of command posts, but gen­ the stations of a given net not all being departure from Fort lewis with men un­ neuver troops opposing the R.I unit be pro­ erally results were·neutralized by the fact on the same frequency. trained in field RI work. Lt. Hynan H. vided with radio transmitting equipment that most units sent their map locations Practically all of the transmissions dur­ Hartt who had been commanding the company, that would produce a distinctive signal and unit identifications in the clear over ing the problem were in the clear. In his also received his discharge at that time tone, in order to facilitate identification voice radio." report to Sixth Army G-2 and to the maneu­ and Captain. Shean took over the company, by intercept operators. This would give (p3rator chatter lengthened transmissions ver umpire, Captain Shean pointed out the although. he had originally been sent to the the RI men a means of isolating the •enemy• to the point where the unit's direction­ advantages of several types of easily-used maneuvers only as an observer from ASA. He nets comparable to the characteristic tone, finders were able to obtain excellent bear- tactica1 codes, such as brevity codes, and served in both capacities.

14 ASA Review May-June 1947 15 REF ID:A66146 send a message it must be paraphrased or not influence your solution. Two Historic Ciphers otherwise changed. Now to decipher a few messages. They are ( l) XIVRK VITRL KZFED This article explains two traditional ciphers Which all solvable by the method indicated - "running cryptographers have heard about but many have never seen on down the alphabet" or "completing the plain LJKSV VOVIT ZJVUO paper -- the Masonic Cipher and the Caesar Cipher. component". This procedure has many app~i­ cations in cryptanalysis...... • • • • • • ( 2 ) LXIOX KNLWW LAAUS The Masonic cipher ap:rarently was ac­ Julius Caesar is credited with the use of The first message ls intentionally easy, as tually used at one time to conceal the a simple form of encipher.inent which it is the letters of plain-text will appear on the · NKWJH JNGGN ESNX.J rites of that fraternity. The writer re­ presumed was effective enough in his time. same horizontal line. The second is a. little different and a bit tricky, as the plain-text calls an experience in his youth when an The first step in Caesar's encipherment NASHH FCGWB NFXKW oily salesman endeavored to sell him the letters are on different lines. In this one, was to write out the plain-text, as MY RO­ when you get started on the right zig-zag . Masonic ritualistic secrets. He showed XYALL LUIJC E MAN U:GiJEL:J~GA tice requires that if it is necessary to r:e..: 17 16 ASA Review ... May-June 194 7 REF ID:A66146

block away from the station. It was fro­ and Kasting played a whale of a game, but zen to an eight-inch thickness in spots, so they were no match for the fast footwork of after a few unsuccessful but amusing at­ the Korean village all-stars. The final tempts at ice-skating, they found themselves score 198.S 2-1 in favor of the Korean team, across the river in a large village. While with the Korean rooting section of several they were wandering through the narrow wind­ hundred in stitches at the antics of our ing alleys, a group of teen-age boys came up arm-chair commandos. And it could have and challenged them to a game of soccer. been a lot worse, because, Jack, have you They accepted~ and soon a fast but loose ever tried dashing nimbly around a soccer game was on. The ball changed sides mny field in a pair of heavy combat boots? times, but the easily-winded GI 1s were on the defensive most of the game. Tee 4 1s Bell - Lt. Richard B. Mosser Korea Sounds a GI ·Note .... Here comes the first contribution from the believe we equal if not surpass the other • last outpost -- the present site of the units here in the Pacific in work produced --and Garmany Echoes It First ~erating Platoon of the !26th Signal per man. Service Company, at APO 235. If you have a or the many milltary cliches which one raid our man's ice-box daily, often accom­ There are better things ahead, too. A new panied by a friend of a friend. All that map of the Pacific handy, take a look at site for our station is now under construc­ hears in this unique American community, the forgotten spot of the world -- Korea. perhaps the most characteristic are, "Life was very well, and although mine hospita­ tion several miles away~ on land that once ble host objected not, even when one en­ or course, this will probably bring argu­ was the second-best golf course in the cr­ is rough in the E.T." and, in startling 11 terprising intimate acquired a pass-key so ments from those members of the organiza­ ient. It is well laid-out, with all the contrast, "You've never had it so good. tion who spent time on Amchitka or Cldnawa, conveniences of home -- well, almost all. This, then, is a revelation of some of the that he would not disturb the parties of the but if you don't believe that this is life By the time this is published, we will pleasant and the not-sci-pleasant aspects of first part when he had an urge for a snack in the rough, just come and try itJ It bas probably be living there, saying, "We never occupation' life. at some odd hour of the night, -- the com­ taken Korea over 4000 years to reach its had it so good. 11 All together, 48, 49, Take, for instance, the question of do­ missary people did. It seemed that, by present primitive state, and we believe we 50 -- -. mestic servants with which the numerous A­ local regulations, a rather conservative arrived here 4000 years too soon •. · ...... merican families are coping. Ea.ch house­ ceiling on permissible expenditures for OJr station is located eight miles from hold is entitled to at least two servants, "vittles" is enforced. Imagine his morti­ the center of Seoul, the capital of Sauth­ Now for a few words about sports in Korea. usually a cook and a housemaid. These are fication when the heartless commissary, ern Korea. The 38th parallel is JO miles Due to ~e cold weather, which ranged as generally provided by the billeting authori­ without warning, cut off his credit for the to the north. The scenery is very pictur­ low as 17 below, recreation was minly in­ ties and are charged to rental allowance. balance of the month. He now walks gaunt esque, with high rocky mountains surround­ doors this winter. Nightly pinochle and At small additional expense you can have and oisconsolate, subsisting on charity, ing us for miles. The valleys between are ping-pong contests are held, and some as many more domestics as you want or can CARE packages, and infrequent visits to es­ full of terraced rice paddies and spotted mighty hot games result. Before T. Sgt. accommodate. This, mind you, is most con­ tablished mess-halls (the kiss of death), with thatch-roofed villages. Bill Norton was transferred to Kyoto, he venient and handy. In fact, 11you 1ve nev­ determined to become a social outcast -­ and Lt. Mosser were the reigning doubles er had it so good. 11 But consider what but eat regular. Yes, life is rough in the We also have the sound effects to go with E.T. the scenery. Ox-carts creak and rumble pingpong champs, with Lt. Morrow the man will happen when this lotus-eaters' exis­ . .. . to beat at singles. Sgt.- Dahle, Cpl. Oli­ tence ends. Lady Wife becomes so condi­ . . along the rutted roads with the speed of A three~day conference of unit commanders ver and PFC Richter are currently the hot­ tioned to playing the chatelaine that when Korean progress. An oriental band plays test pinochle players. and branch chiefs of ~rrrry Security Agency, for a funeral with music out of this world. she is back in the land of organized la­ bor and again has to wield the can-Qpener Europe, was held in the Frankfurt head­ Chimney-sweeps bang their gongs. Fish­ When the weather is warm enough, hunting quarters on February 17, 18 and 19. Top­ peddlers cry their wares in a wailing song. parties set out into the surrounding hills, .or dust the window-sill, instead of com­ ics relative to administration and techni­ manding in pidgin German, "Gretchen, do No, you would never mistake this for 42nd which abound in pheasants, foxes and deer. 11 cal operations were discussed. The recent Street. Carbines are used, and it takes some mighty this," or ''Brunnhilda, do that, the fin­ ger may well be pointed at Friend Husband. Theater reorganization had created new prob­ And the smells l Chanel Number 5 never good shooting to bring down a pheasant on lems, and a general zeroing-in was in order. had anything on our king-sized honey carts. the wing. We seldom return empty-banded, Take the recent painful experience of one The conference was concluded with an inspec­ ~e ~an boast the biggest and most odiferous however' and a handsome rea fox was the of our popular young officers who long ago tion of the headquarters installation. fertilizer-dispensers in the Orient. Che latest victim of 11Ea.gle-eye• Styke, our became convinced that the Arrrry is no place The three-day get-together was likewise soon learns the meaning and technique of bes~ hunter. As he is also a cook, we get to save money. 11The idea," he says, "is an excuse for a series of dinner parties, breath-control here, or else. a welcome change from standard Arrrry chow to keep the pantry full of rare ·viands and stag sessions and general wassail. The occasionally. We have sent out only a few At present we are living in a Japanese­ fine delicacies; the same applies to the meeting was generally admitted to be a hunting parties recently, as the ordeal ex­ oonstructed radio station. We have been stomach." His numerous bachelor friends great success. To quote one of the C.O.'s perienced by one group has scared us all 1 losing personnel with everyone else, and highly endorse this quaint philosophy. from the country, 'We were wined, dined and off. When a truck broke down in the moun­ are now down to rock bottom with about They, improvident characters, ·did not have straightened out." tains, eight of our hunters had to walk 28 the foresight to provide themselves with ...... twenty men. However, being a small detach­ miles back into camp. A son, Roy Lesley, was born on 15 Febru­ ment has its merits, for everybody knows wives to share their military tribulation. The local Arrrry commissary serves married ary to Lt. and Mrs. Stanley F. Sparks of everybody and the morale is high. There is Recently a group started out for a hike Headquarters, ASA, Europe. little to do but work, and as a result we along the Han Ge.ng River, which is about a folk only. So it became a tradition to

May-June 1947 19 18 ASA Review REF ID:A66146

Stateside With the 136th point circuits. In addition, plans have months for detached service in Alaska. been made to dispatch a mobile monitor s •. Sgt. Josleyn, who has spent most of his Headquarters, 1J6th Radio Security De­ operating location of the Third Radio Secur­ unit as soon as warm weather arrives. This Army career here in Camp Daly City, was tachment, makes its home at Mitchel Field, ity Section of the 136th. The camp is ap­ should prove to be quite an extensive tour seen just before leaving dressed in rur­ near Hempstead, Long Island, which is ap­ proximately two miles from any other activ­ lined gadgets and gismoes that defied de­ proximately a 55-minute journey from New covering the Central and Eastern United ity, military or civilian, and even though States. All trick-chiefs and operators are scription and trying to get in the mood for \: i York City via the Long Island Railroad. it is only a short distance from.San Fran­ bucking for assignment to the mobile unit. the trip by eating an eskimo pie. Mitchel Field, the cradle of American cisco, it could 110ll be compared with an un­ inhabited Pacific Island or an isolated ...... military aviation, served as a training - Capt. James L. Warbington -ground in four wars. Here, in the days of mountain in Germany or Japan. The weather Four crack operators have been lost to M. Sgt. Ralph P~ Rushing the Civil War, was located Camp Winfield resembles the fogs and rain squalls of South the unit for a period of approximately six Scott; in the Spanish-American War, Camp America. Black; in World War I, Camp Mills, and in The section is operating on a 24-hour,sev­ World 1'ar II, Mitqhel Field. The Rainbow en-day-per-week basis utilizing four shifts Happenings at the Hill (42nd) Division, including the Fighting running for six hours each to man the five Vint Hill is going through a period of in that it is also supposed to usher in the 69th, trained here during lforld War I. operating positions being used. The antenna rapid t11I'nover of both enlisted men and building season. A new baseball field, pre­ array consists of numerous delta-matched Mitchel Field offers plenty of relax­ ' officers. The EM have been leaving in liminary excavation for our new rec hall, antennas supplemented by three bi-direction­ large numbers as a result of the regula­ and the construction of tennis·and hand­ ation and entertainment for both officers al rhombics, several double doublets, and and enlisted men. There are two War De­ ' tion for the discharge of all non-vol­ ball courts all awaited the spring thaw. partment theaters, one of permanent brick some long-wire antennas. The buildings are unteers. A number of permanently assigned all constructed of wood and plainly marked officers have left, to be replaced by oth­ A former operator coming back to MS-1 construction; a modern permanent gymnas­ would hardly recognize part of the station. ium, two swimming pools, an officers• club, with T's, which do not mean temporary but ers, and there is a parallel going-and­ rather termited. The operations building coming among the student officers. The entire first floor of the Main Qpera­ enlisted men's clubs, facilities for all is the freest from the ever-recurring Flor­ tions Building has been redecorated. Radio types of sports, and a modern library with ida fogs and rains. Due to-the rapid in­ Unusual as it may sound, the separation Miintenance has papered the lower walls of over 171 500 books plus numerous current flux of new men, bringing the unit to full of our last inductees, which will leave its rooms so that when they get too dirty magazines. In addition to the recreation such a gaping void in our organization, facilities available on the post, the strength, the camp messhall has been put all that will be necessary is to repaper. into operation and the $2.25-per~day sub­ is being taken in stride. The people who The ma.in office and the office of the sup­ Roosevelt Race Track, the Meadow Brook Polo sistence allowance, known for so long as a have ~he worry of becoming replacements in ply officer have been repainted, as well as Grounds, and the Nassau County Golf Club booster to the pay of the lower grades, has most of the sections seem to have grown the hallway. Coming into the building is are within a mile of the Field. ceased. used to having the ground cut from under like getting snow-blinded...... them and being forced to revert to their The commanding officer, Capt. Albert E. previous specs of clerk-typists, dental Zellefrow, and the anlaysis officer, Capt. At present, because of the non-exis­ technicians, truck drivers, etc. Perhaps tence of gasoline in this area, the unit Miss Dorothy Cornelia Leach of Greenwich, Emanuel P. Peters, of Headquarters, 136th the Army will settle down some dayJ Va., and M. Sgt. Carl J. ~ierbaum, post : ~ I : has been forced to withdraw all but the 111; Radio Security Detachment, have received ap sergeant-major, were married in the bride's I most essential motor trips made by organ­ The departure of enlisted men will ser­ pointments in the Regular Army as first iously affect the operator strength in Mon­ home on .11.ll.rch 15. Their honeymoon' trip was lieutenants, Signal Corps. ization motor vehicles. Two' trips to Daly City are ma.de each day for the purpose of itor Station 1 and it is hoped that the to Atchison, Kansas, home of Sergeant Bier­ receiving and dispatching llBil. Men de­ losses will be made up by Regular Army men. baum •s mother. A party held by the Mitchel Field de­ siring to go on pass are forced to call a tachment in their barracks last month Recent arrivals on officer assignments The famous Warren Green Hotel in Warren­ taxi (Daly City taxi drivers are the best include Capt. Bill Vinson, Administrative attracted every member of the outfit who paid in the world, including rickshaw ton, from whose portico General McClellan was physically able to attend. For a Inspector and Assistant Operations and took leave of the officers of the Army of great number of the "boysn this was a drivers of India) or trudge down the two Training Officer; Capt. Richard Hamel, the Potomac during the Civil War, was the and a half mile San 11.a.teo County road with who replaces 1st Lt. James A. Pirtle as "hail and farewe11n to their Army careers, scene on Sunday afternoon, March 23 1 of a as the greater percentage of the organi­ one knife, TL-29, to part the fog. Information and Education Officer and Re­ reception for the post canmander, Lt. Col. zation is composed of draftees...... cruiting .Officer; and two new pill-rollers, Merl Sherburn, and his bride, the former Capt. Carl Smith and Lt. Robert McCleod. Highlight of the party was a spread that A dance was held in the organization mess­ Miss Margaret Bonfield of Perth, Australia. hall and day-room recently. lllsic we.s fur­ They are welcome additions to the overhead Their wedding took place March 11 in Wash­ included a free flow of golden-brown brew, complement. every conceivable kind of choice and fancy nished by a six-piece orchestra from Hamil­ ington. Mrs. Sherburn, who was a civilian meats, and a variety of salads. Group ton Field and partners were secured from The loss resulting from departure of employee of the U.S. Army Air Forces in singing, solos and duets'closed the even- among the flowering beauty of Daly City. our student officers is to have a compen­ Australia, the Philippines, and Japan, ar­ ing. There was plenty to eat and sufficient beer sation in the arrival of the first group rived in this country in March. Colonel and soda-pop to drown one 1s sorrows. l of students for the Vint Hill phase of the and Mrs. Sherburn are residing in Warrenton. Pfc. R. J. Congdon, Jr...... ·•. I~ ASA Officers Course, General • ...... At the request of Fifteenth Air Force, MS-1 's "juniOJ." station• is growing rap­ Camp Daly City, Calif., a picturesque operations of the Third Radio Security Sec­ ...... idly. M. Sgt. Richard Hoban and his wife site atop an 80Q....foot rocky hill overlook­ tion have been expanded to include the mon­ The sulphur and molasses season has an have a new baby boy born in January and ing the waters of the Pacific O::ean, is the itoring of its air-ground and point-to- added attraction for the men at the Hill yours truly is the father of a new baby

.JO ASA Review May-June 1947 21 REF ID:A66146

girl. The mothers kept each other com­ radio message from Corregidor before it in CBhu prior to January 1939• Remaining made with the Petaluma Argus-Courier to run pmy in Ward 29 at Walter Reed. At present surrendered ~o the Japanese, recently took here of that group are only Capt. Nolen and articles about the Army as a whole and per­ the other additions to the station's sec­ a refresher course in radio work at Vint Lts. Merrill and Jeffreys. sonal articles about the officers and en­ ond generation are all in the prospective Hill and has now depi.rted to his permanent The departure of Capt. Girardin s. O'Sul­ listed men at the Post theater, sponsored by stage. Maj. James B. Nixdorff, Assistant assignment. livan from this station left us temporarily the Special Services officer. Another dance OperationsQf'ficer, will be Papi. Nixdorff · While working his amateur radio station without a medical officer. We are going to was planned by the American legion in Peta­ .in the next few months. Maj. Finis G. one night recently, M. Sgt. John P. Kolski miss Doc's kind words and soothing minis­ luma with free admission granted to service Johnson and Tee 4 William A. Newman, com­ happened to contact two old friends of trations. Capt. O'Sullivan will soon begin men. pi.ny clerk for the lat Detachment, expect Major Nixdorff -- Lt. Bob Richardson and a fellowship in psychiatry at the Menninger ...... additions to their families at about the Sergeant Apodaca, who were operating a ham Foundation in Topeka, Kansas. We hear that Station 7 had about a month same time. station in Maryland. of cold weather. We even hear something Still in the baby depi.rtment: M. Sgt. .. .. about thirty days in a row with temperature:: Walter H. Collins' baby, who swallowed a T. Sgt. George w. Gulledge has left for a The main topic of conversation at Two of more than fifty degrees below zero. pin recently, is progressing nicely. Tee. new assignment. Rock these days, as we suppose it is every­ Capt. Nolen must be happy that he's here instead of there. 3 Jeff Rhodes comes forward for attention Contributing to the drinking habits of the where, is the latest discharge criteria. with a claim that his six-month-old daugh­ Vint Hill intercept men is a 20-gallon cof­ J We'd better bend our efforts toward getting Tee 3 Frank T. Addicks is learning to fly. ter is already trying to walk. fee urn which has been installed in the some of our men to enlist in the Regular lleybe he wants to learn to be one of those ' Army or Two Rock will be as empty as last throttle jockeys like used to wear them coke room at the station...... year's bird's nest. Lt. Dingman, the re­ "fifth r.tission caps". The other day he Sgt. Irving Strobing, who sent the last - M. Sgt. Q.J. Recktenwald cruiting officer, and his assistants, lat said, "Wonder how come the clouds were in Sgt. Morgan, M. Sgt. Camp and M. Sgt. Arndt, the wrong place today. 11 are expending considerable effort toward that Neatest trick of the week: Compton News F.rom Two Rock end. climbs a 90-foot pole while keeping both ...... feet on the ground. We knew he had long Monitor Station 2 is going through a sistant, Tee 3 Clifton D. Fair, elected to Two Rock's observance of Army Day and Army legs, 'but ••• change-over .from the old to the new in sta­ reenlist for three years when they were dis­ Week shaped up nicely. Arrangements were - WOJG Robert L. Fulton tion equipment, giving up many outmoded charged recently. Both spent reenlistment items for currently.standard pieces. The furloughs in Kentucky. principal items being exchanged are the di­ ...... versity receivers. ~e are getting DR-89 Willis Ryan's Diversity instead of the Super-Pro Schuttig Work on a makeshift Officer 1s Club has sets. We are also beginning to receive a been progre~sing satisfactorily with all newer modification of the TCB sound record­ the officers carrying lumber, sawing, plan­ er and transcriber. ing and nailing. Although some talent for this sort of work is shown, we can see why Q.ir maintenance is moving to new and most of the officers decided against car­ larger quarters. If anyone remembers MS-2 pentry as a trade. as it was during the war, Room 1 is the. new home of the shop. More up-to-date equip­ A sum of $19,000 has been allocated to ment will make the shop a marvel of economy Two Rock Ranch Station from non-appropri- and efficiency. a ted funds for the construction of recrea­ ...... tion facilities, such as a football field, Two Rock Ranch recently instituted a baseball diamond, softball fields, and ten­ change in passes. We now have the regular nis courts. ASA picture passes for entry into the var­ ious buildings at the post. Still we notice that a certain captain in Operations is Operations is having weekly showings of wearing a picture of his mother-in-law. training films which include various phases of radio work. Beginning with law and grad­ uating into more adv~nced subjects with each The mess-hall personnel of Two Rock re­ film, we are expecting to give operators at ceived a morale boost when two new ranges least a basic idea of the equipment they were installed recently. For some months it use. Thus far the attendance, all volun­ has been something like cooking on the side tary, has been very satisfactory. of a volcano crater with all the lids dip­ ...... ping toward the firebox. With the departure of Lts. Rutkowski and Despite all their troubles, the mess Piurkowsky and M. Sgt. Ernest Barat, the 11 Wbat I'd like to lmow is, why hasn't anything been done sergeant, T. Sgt. Arlene Crain, and his as- station has lost most of the gang who were about those atmospherics at Station Seven?"

ll ASA Review May-June 1947 23 REF ID:A66146

cr-gptopuzzles Radioman•s Crossword 55 The Sack 57 Transmitting 58 All in line 59 The radio term that spells the same backward as forward Know Your ICR Net? 63 Furnished with current 65 Remake a coil Each of the following sentences contains the hidden name of a city or town 68 "No more for you" (Jap Army) 69 Goddess of peace having a prominent commercial radiotelegraph station. From the example given 71 Puzzlemaker•s favorite lake in the first sentence, can you solve the others? For the answers, turn to 72 Shoots a standard score 73 African mountain range page JO. 74 Obliga:t;ion 75 Slit 1. This mural is bona fide Dali. 9. Uses of iambic pentameter are VERTICAL limited. 2. He'd do anything for a battle l A method of antenna suspension 10. Sorry, but you can•t. Only a­ 2 Individual entry star! 3 Grant a loan dults are allowed. 4 Direct 3. Come here, Ma, •cause I need 5 Old name for ASA you! 11. Shall I make out the check to 6 Day•s work for en inter­ "cash"? cept operator (abbr,) 4. Sure -- I saw Bob as I left the 7 Not monitored 8 A kind of emergency power Conga Room. 12. I don•t like his caustic air of equipment bitterness. 9 None 5. No kidding! Date her and see 10 The new world order for yourself 1 13. As an aftermath, Ensign Johnson ll 1/1000 12 Mix 6. Except to an Asiatic, a yen nev­ flunked math. 13 Gives an impression er was legal tender. 14. It's our only hope; I pin great 19 Teheren callsign 22 Pinch 7. Wonder what Nero meant by fid­ faith on human nature. 26 Orients an emission 28 Tart dling? 29 Fatigues (By R. $. Benjamin) 30 Schools of thought 8. Go slow aTound the· corner. 31 Biblical •you" 32 Emission 34 Public notices 35 Kan• s name Cryptarithms 38 Consol1d11tes 39 South African antelopes In this long-division cryptarithm, each This one, too, is long-division but a lit­ 40 Non-coma letter has been substituted for a certain tle more difficult. Each x can represent 42 European station any one of the ten digits.- Che digit in 43 Prosign Scandinavian capital single digit. The problem is to determine HORIZONTAL 28 Prosign: message destination 44 A National receiver the digit equivalents of the letters. The the result of the division is given. l l,-000 30 Possessive 46 Antenna 5 Binding post 33 Where the recent unpleasant- 49 Packed substitution is based on a key-word or 9 Deadens ness started 50 SWiss river -words such as 14 Brain passage 35 An antenna de-insulator 52 European station xxxxx xxx x7xxx 15 Spanish African colony 36 --,-. (kata-kana) 53 Lifeless . xx x / z 16 Like an old woman 37 supplement 54 Society of Radio Engineers(abbr,) BLACKHORSE xx xx l 7 Stand watch 38 Twists 56 suppresses - 18 German admiral who 41 Lots of resistance 58 War god lost an R! battle (Jutland) 44 Whet precedes the preamble? 60 Send identical signals on 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ¢ xXX 20 Dr. De Forest 45 Feels two frequencies 21 Where the British cut 46 Prosign: circuit number 61 Combining form: African xxx the German cables (1914) 47 Cur (var,) 62 Oxidize except that in the one below, the key runs 23 Catch sight of 48 Entirety 64 Prosign1 turn over to addressee from ¢ through 9 instead of 1 through ¢. 24 "Nothing more for you" 49 Czech munitions works 66 Penpoint xxx x 25 Bony rod 51 "Government message coming" 67 Receiver stage (abbr.) It's a two-word key, and it's tricky. 27 The U.S. overseas army 52 Grain storer 70 Continent (abbr,) xxx Of World War I. 54 Pii;pen (By E, C, Fishel) QJL!/Q N I U U R T fN A Q S x xx x / Solution on page S9. / Q 0 TM x xx x RA AU RI AM ¢¢¢¢ A I AR R 0 Q U MT 0 T {Contributed by C. A. Latham Jr.) MU IT A 0 I Cryptarithm solutions will be given in (By NorJIBn Dillinger) the next issue. 25 ASA Review May-June 1947 24 REF ID:A66146

Ea.c? series includes "concurrent .military t:aim.ng" courses in addition to the tech­ _Preparation. . of new subcourses is th e re - s~ons ibi 1ity o~ the Extension Training Di­ Old Wine, New Bottle m~al courses. The "50" and "60i• series 1 1 b~ing ~evote~ largely to studies of world­ vision s Technical Publications Staff ~1de signal-intelligence planning., capabil.­ Ca~t~ Lambros D. Callimahos of WDGAs-i4 is REMEMBER your days as a neophyte crypt analytic curriculum has covered Crypt­ ities of ASA units, etc., include Crunmand writing the cryptanalysis subcourses and student, whe\l you toiled many hours making analysis 1 and 2. 11 Crypts 11 3, 4 and 5 and Staff Coll.ege subcourses as part f th Stephen L. Wolf, WDGAS-90, is the author frequency counts and hunting word-repeats? are now going through the revision process. military subjects. 0 e ?f the.traffic-analysis material. Radio When your instructor (a PFC) threatened you The cryptanalytic courses are only one Hours, Not Months intelligence is covered by Capt. John P. with permanent KP because the GI letters part of the program of the ASA Extension Shean, A~-22. In communications security, Rem~er the fellow who hit the seven­ you printed weren't GI enough? When you School. All other aspects of the Agency's courses l.n cryptography have been prepared lived in fear that you might emulate the month 1lilpasse on a cryptanalysis problem1 by Herbert C. Hackbarth, AS-83; distribu­ fellow across the room who had been on the In order to receive ASA Extension School That sort of thing is still possible' but the courses are not designed to take any t~on and accounting by Thomas R. Chitten­ same problem for seven months and hadn't subcourses, de~, AS-81; friendly-traffic security anal­ found the plain-text yet? 1. If you are in the Army and are at, amount of time coqiarable to that• . Indiv­ ysis by the Protective Branch (WDGAS- )· Arlington Hall, write out a request and idual cryptanalysis courses are aimed at 84 Well, to coin a cliche, those days of 1 and other subjects by Warren F. Beck, AS~ yore we know no more. There is a New Era put it in any 11 out 11-box, addressed to the 30 to 50 hours working time - and Peter 83,_a.nd Robert_E. Sturgis, AS-82. The Ma­ in cryptanalytic instruction. True, the Extension Training Division, ASA School. M•. Bosco, director of the Extension School teriel and Administration courses are the tries to make the estimated time for each ' .student still has to print so that someone 2. If you are in the Army elsewhere, work ?f v~rious sections of the ASA staff: else can read it. He still has to solve write a letter to the Chief, Army Se­ prob~em represent the average rather than Organizati?n and Training (WDGAS-22); Plans the problems himself. And the Army still curity Agency, Washington 25, D.C., at­ the ideal. Each series of courses totals and Operations ( WDGAS-23) and Materiel has such a thing as KP. But though it's tention Extension Training Division, between 250 and 300 hours• working time. (WDGAS-24). ' the same old crypt (and the same old Army), ASA School. This, too, must be sent there have been a few changes in the through your commanding officer. courses. For instance: 3. If you are a member of the Organ­ Much of the time-consuming spade­ ized Reserve or the National Guard not work is done in advance for the stu­ on active duty, write to the above ad­ dent. He is furnished w~th frequency dress through the ORC instructor in the ( counts, statistical tests, lists of state of your legal residence. This is repeats, and other such data, in or­ for record purposes; records of your der that he will be able to concen­ credits will also be kept by ASA. trate on the solution itself. 4. If you are a civilian employee of He is given some of the mechanical the War Department and not a reservist, aids that he would have in actual write out a request and give it to your cryptanalytic operations - princi­ supervisor. Some supervisors at ASA pally Ifill sorts • are authorized to forward it directly He also has the benefit of hints to the Extension Training Division; in as to the subject matter of a cryp­ other branches, it must follow chan­ togram, words which might be cribbed nels. into the text, and other collateral information which might be available operations are covered equally thoroughly. in tactical operations. There is a In the analytic field, there is traffic­ problem-to-problem continuity of analysis as well as cryptanalysis; and subject matter in the plain-texts of there are three other fields: Communica­ the messages offering an entering tions Security (U.S. cryptographic systems wedge for this kind of deduction. and their uses); Radio Intelligence (in­ cluding intercept); and Materiel and Admin­ Faster, Not Easier istration. .1,,:l>>t!­ (;o°t, The purpose of this plan is to make the The curriculum is designed for the cor­ A.. ~.'9- problems more practical (or less theoret­ respondence work to be done by members of o'"'• ._.-.. ical) and to enable the student to get the Organized Reserve and the National \ ...... ~ farther in less time. However, the actual Guard. However, the courses are also reasoning leading to solution is not made · available to persons on active duty in the "In the case of failure of a transmitting operator to use authorized easier, nor are hand methods on the part Arm.v and to civilian employees of the War of the student entirely eliminated. Enough Department whose duties are concerned with procedure, the receiving operator should bear with him to the maximum possible extent in the interest of completing th h work of this kind is left to produce the the subjects covered in the courses. e exc ange of traffic required degree of "inside" familiarity The curriculum in each of the four fields If the violations of procedure are so severe as to prevent the taki • with the problems. of ASA activity is divided into series, of intelligible messag t ng This redesigning of the Agency's crypt- e copy, he receiving operator may interrupt the each appropriate to a certain grade. transmission as he sees fit." 26 ASA Review May-June 1947 l7 REF ID:A66146

66 11.oW here's how 0Ul' New Intercept Equipment /?~~ outfit won the wai:•

John Victor, now a c1vil1an 1n the tele­ tn>e center at ArHngton Hall, did a spell during the war at old Station 6, that fa­ vorite ASA spot on Amchitka, and has the following things to say about his overseas experiences. ASA Review in- it its readers to send in similar reminiscences of their wartime ser- ~ic:s whether it consisted of battling the traffic on Constitution Ave­ nue ~r enjoying the peace and quiet of a South Pacific foxhole. Alaska (?)-Bound

"So I'm going to Alaska," I thought as I the boat capsized. hung over the rail and emptied my stomach for the third time. This was indeed a very Chapter Three, ''Native Habits and Cus­ serious business, and truly I was not pre­ tOJns, n was written to give the military pared mentally for such a dangerous under­ a better understanding of the inhabitants taking. Fortunately th~War Department, of the Alaskan Territory. It classified which had charted my course, knew this and the custOJns and habits in three separate met the emer~ency with a publication en­ groups: work, living, and spiritual. Work LEFT: Front view of' the BC-1338, showing controls and alidade. titled 1'1fAR+t minus Section an, or sub­ habits were the same as in the States, ex­ RI~HT: Rear view, showing receptacles. titled simply "Alaska-Bound". Captain cept that the night shift lasted six months. •• •• •• James Worthington James, the author, wrote Living custOJns were very much like bac.k: •••••• home, although se:r:vicemen 110r.e cautioned A major improvement in direction-finding of the trials and tribulations of the great equipment, in the form of an electronic A split pattern useful in evaluating Northwest, having lived there for five against the use of expressions such as certain types of signals; "You call this living?" Spiritual cus­ bearing-indicator, is in the final stages years before moving to the Southeast (a­ of development and is expected to be ready Compactness and lightness (25 to 30 cross the river from Alexandria). toms were the same except that the federal pounds as compared to 300); excise tax had been removed. for issuance to Army Security Agency D/F Having such a handy reference was a boon. units within the next few months. Less difficulty in maintenance. Ch page one, for instance, were four help­ Chapters Four and Five went on to extol The indicator, known as BC-1338-(), ful hints under the heading 1'Wha t to Do on the wonders of the .Territory: the magnif­ embodies an electronic goniometer in place the Boat". (1) Don 1t discuss the trip with icent forests, the impressive mountain of the motor-driven goniometer of the D/F When the electronic bearing-indicator be­ anyone. (2) Don't take off your shoes. (3) peaks, the clean white snow and the out­ equipment now in use. It produces on an comes available, it will be issued to pres­ No smoking in the lifeboats. (4) Turn off side plumbing. oscilloscope screen a visual indication of ent holders of SCR-291 and SCR-502 D/F equipment. It is a development of the the lights when not in use. The rest of the The last chapter was the best of all. the azimuth of an incoming signal. chapter dealt with the cultural benefits to Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories, Briefly it summed up the distinct advantages The indicator itself is a five-inch cath­ where it is undergoing final tests. Its be derived from the voyage, comparing the the G.I. had in being stationed in Ala.ska. ode-ray tube and its associated circuit advantages of making a seven with educated perfol'llll.nce was given a thorough tryout Special emphasis was placed on "that components. Its readings are continuous under field Condi tians during the 6oth cubes against the disadvantages of swimming outdoor complexion, 11 the lack of jungle and 'automatic with simultaneous monitoring back to the Port of Embarkation. Signal Service Company's participation fever, and writing left-handed. The last of the received signal for c.w., modulated in the Sixth Army maneuvers in California Chapter Two, entitled "Disembarking, 11 was feature was presumed to be naturally ac­ c.~., or keyed c.w. signals. last November. An SCEL engineer was on designed to assist the soldiers in leaving quired after a combination of walking past The new device can convert any receiver the scene throughout the maneuvers to the ship in an orderly and military manner too !llE.ny officers, frostbite, and ampu­ into a direction-finder with only minor work with the 6oth•s D/F units. (1) to impress the Navy (2) to facilitate tation had taken place. modifications to the input circuit plus Another new piece of equipment in the assignment to igloos. 11All personnel,~ it WAR-i-t minus Section 8 was a great help. the addition of an appropriate antenna -­ D/F field is a loop-antenna ld t. Because said, "will line up on the starboard side to me. The only complaint I had was that it cross-loop or cross-U Adcock. of the transport, arrange themselves in of the adaptability of loop antennas to didn't contain a copy of my orders. For Advantages of the BC-133$.. () over the reception of ground-waves, the new kit alphabetical order, and march down the when I got off the boat I discovered that gangplank in columns of two." When the day mechanical-gun indicator (BC-1159-A) nor­ will be of chief interest to RI companies Alaska was only 900 short miles from the mally used with the SCR-291 are : rather than fixed long-range D/F stations. for disembarkation arrived, we all went to island I was on. the starboard side, lined up in alphabeti­ A signal pattern that is more easily ...... cal order, and swam to shore shortly after read, especially for 11eak signals; Recently authorized for use at all Ar­ - John Victor my Security Agency stations is a new fre- lS ASA Review May-June 1947 29 REF ID:A66146 quency converter, Boehme No. 5-C. The • ,,,,,,,, __ Solution to ICR Puzzle date when the first units will be issued ··BOONS· 1n is not yet known. The new converter is rack-mounted on one 1. Ll.sbon 8. 0310 panel. Its cost will be approximately $800 2. Rabat 9. Sofia Secret Missions per unit, about one-tenth the cost of the 3. Macau 10. Canton equipment it will replace, namely the Dual 4. Basile (Fernando Poo) ll. Lim By Rear Admiral Ellis M. Zacharias, USN (Ret.). G. Diversity Converter CV-31/TRA-7 and the 5. Te he ran 12. Cairo P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1946; 433 pp.; $3.75. Radioteletype Terminal AN/FGC-1. The 6. Cayenne 13. Athens Available in WDGAS-95 Library. CV-31/TRA-7 is presently authorized and 7. Rome 14.· Peiping the AN-FGC-1 is its substitute. Following every war, sometimes directly, that the book was devoted entirely to the sometimes at a discreet di~tance, have come exploits of Captain Zacharias, an officer a group of books that, for lack of a better for whom its author bas unbounded admira­ Traffic Note: MS-7 Intercepts Yukon Cage Crown name, my be called the "Now It Can Be Told" tion. There is an element of truth in series. These inclUde the formal "memoirs" this. That part of the work that deals Monitor Station 7's basketball team, 1946-47 champion of the Yukon Territory, that statesmen are so fond of, the "action with the author's experiences with Japanese stories" of field soldiers, and interpret­ naval intelligence is written in a cops­ is pictured below. The members are : ·ive dissertations of those who are con­ and-robbers vein, complete with mysterious Sitting, front -- Sgt. Fred Gladstone, captain and all-Depe.rtment guard. vinced that we could have done it.better. Japs appearing at the naval attache's office Sitting left to right -- Cpl. Walley Durflinger, forward; Cpl. Ned ProcknPF~' "Secret Missions" belongs in all three in Tokyo to sell harbor plans and equally guard; Cpl: Sonny Spontak, guard; Sgt. Sid Weisser, all-Depe.rtment forward; catego:ries. Admiral Zacharias tells many mysterious agents posing as barbers in Pan­ stories of his early experience with the ama, suspiciously near the Canal. In justi­ Vay Althouse, guard. fication for all this was a remark the auth­ Standing left to right -- Capt. Joseph B. Mathis, team manager; Cpl. Paul Japanese that can only be called memoirs; there is plenty of action, some of it of or ma.de to this writer at the lecture men­ Brantley, c~nter; Cpl. Don Swavley, center; Sgt. Mark Wolfson, forward. the type that Hollywood could and, perhaps, tioned above. He said that when people The Station 7 cagers, undefeated in 37 games, were the onl.J" team in th~ite~itory may use; and the Admiral is certainly con­ come to hear a lecturer speak on any sub- with a spotless record. Their closest call to defeat came ~the i:~~on f~h:' vinced that we could have done it better, j ect they expect to be entertained. The when they were pushed to take a 42-41 decision·from HeadqWI, rs ry o especially in the organization of our in­ same might be said of a book put out for Nint11 Field Artillery Cl:>servation Battalion. telligence structure before the war. the general public, and indeed there is The author is one of the few service of­ entertainment in this book. ficers who regarded his permanent career There is more, however, and despite the as being in intelligence work. From his flamboyant style, it would.be unwise for the early days as a language officer in Jape.n serious student of intelligence to disre­ to his last major assignment in charge of gard· it as being merely the self-glorifi­ the psychological assault on the Japanese cation of a vain man. Admiral Zacharias will to war, he seems to have looked upon spent 25 years as an intelligence officer. himself as a committee of one to thwart He was among the first men in the Navy to Japanese aggressive intent. Nor was his become proficient in the Japanese language, one-man campaign always supported by the and was frequently used when the United Navy Department. Bureaucratic routine and States required an officer highly qualified self-satisfied complacency come in for in that difficult tongue. He came into con­ quite a shellacking, and the Admiral casts tact with more Japanese, particularly Navy many aspersions at a few of his colleagues, men, than almost any other American in the period between the two wars, and unlike some of them not too well conceal~d. moat career officers, he did not regard his The very real contribution that Zacharias intelligence activities as being mere in­ made to American intelligence during his terludes between periods of sea duty. period of active service, and the continu­ ing contribution he is llBking now by call­ All of this be.ckground gives an authen­ ing public attention to the need for cen­ tic ring, even to such far-fetched inci­ tralized control of our intelligence agen­ dents as seeing a poorly dressed Japanese on cies, will more than compemsate, in this the street in Panama, and recognizing some­ writer's opinion, for some of the flaws in thing about the man that made him sure the his make-up that the book reveals. Jap was a naval officer in mufti. Zachar­ ias kn,ew a great deal about the Japanese. At a recent lecture, attended by this Qf particular concern to a group pro- writer, the Admiral read to the audience f es sionally interested in intelligence was an excerpt from a review of the book by a the question of how much information an . metropolitan pe.per. The reviewer stated author can put into his book without breach-

ASA Review May-June 194 7 31 30 REF ID:A66146

public appreciation of the continuing need "th th ing security. Zacharias was aware of this round Washington that Zacharias had acJ;.ually for coordinated intelligence. WJ. e intelligence effort. The theme of problem, and also knew that he had been predicted the exact date and time of the the book is that our wartime errors were criticized in Navy Department circles for attack several months before it occurred, Communications intelligence is mentioned due to ls.ck of experience in directing the printing the book in the first place. Che and that Kimmel had ignored his warning only in connection with Pearl Harbor, where intelligence-producing processes and to the of the first statements in his lecture was completely. Admiral Kimmel testified that the process known as "Magic" is cited as one growing-pains of the unprecedented expan- that he recalled the damage done by the he recalled the Zacharias interview only of the sources of pre-attack information · sion. Pattee bolds that the main problem Yardley book "The American Black Chamber"; vaguely, and denied that he had received Although both Pearl Harbor and the Battl; facing us in the future is administrative that he had had twenty-five years in the a specific prediction of doom at a given of the Bulge are cited as examples of fail- that "re13earch processes are by nature as' business, and that he might be trusted to date. ure in evaluation, the excellence of the susceptible to the arts of management as know what could and what could not be safe­ Zacharias' testimony was largely a re­ basic information reported by the military any other human activity." In his reiriew ly printed. This writer believes he has construction of that interview, a denial and naval services is stressed. Acttially of the.problems and requirements in admin- maintained such discretion throughout. that he had predicted an exact date for both MIS (Military Intelligence Service) istration and organization (chapters 3 There are some parts, such as those deal­ the attack, and an extensive exhibit out­ and ~I (Office of Naval Intelligence) are and 7), the individual reader will find4 ' 5 ing with his assignment to the Navy crypto­ lining his ideas for a consolidated and mentioned only in passing as two units in many t ikin the complex of agencies, boards, committees A s r g parallels with the history of graphic section in 1926, which might have centralized intelligence system. Some of rmy Security Agency. The strictures been deleted had not the Pearl Harbor inves­ the ideas in his exhibit were later in­ and other groups functioning during the war. pas~e~ by Pettee on the difficulties in re- tigation first published far more of such coFporated in the Congressional Report, Under the heading ·"The Faults and Errors Crtll~ing and placing personnel under civil activities than Zacharias ever dreamed of i.e. his concept of a professional intel­ of Strategic Intelligence in the War" (chap- service are especially familiar themes. doing. Such parts as do deal with classi­ ligence system, as opposed to the way it ter 1) an impressive but by no means e~ Pet~ee presents a sound argument for the fied activities are colorful but not re­ had been conducted before the war. tu;ustive ~ist of errors, omissions, and creation of a permanent central intelli- vealing. Indeed, when the author refers There is nothing in this book that was lllJ.Stakes in judgment is presented. These gence authority, and for this reason it is to those persons "with a passion for ano­ not already public knowledge when the book nymity" and compares them to llTrappist was published, except for the personal _a;r:e~a;dd;--u_c:e:d:-a:s:-exa-=m:-:p:-1".:'e-::s:-o-f".:'w_ha_t_wa_s_wr_on_:g:__.:...._t_o_b_e_h_.:ope:_d that his book will receive a Monks" in their "silent devotion to duty," reminiscences of the author, and these are wide distribution. he may have been a bit too colorful. quite innocuous. By the same token, the. 1 NE OL0•11MER by Bob Benjamin Although Pattee himself The author's connection with the Pearl book must be regarded only as a primer in points out that there is no Harbor disaster and the ensuing investi­ intelligence, and not a post-graduate thes­ guaranteed method for discov­ gations was more newsworthy than important, is. It was slanted at a mass public, not at ering persons with a flair for and he devotes comparatively little space to the specialist, but it is the work of a de­ intelligence work, he leans it. He was at sea in command of the cruiser voted man. Just how devoted may be gath­ strongly upon practitioners of Salt Lake City at the time the Japanese at­ ered by this.little story culled from the his own profession, namely po­ tacked, and was not connected with naval early pages. The author had just met the litical scientists with sound intelligence in any forn:el way at all. He lady whom he later married, and while eat­ training in social science pro­ had had an interview with Admiral Kimme],, ing dinner with her aboard an American cedures, as best qualified. the Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Fleet, warship at Panam, discovered himself in T~is very training, in this re­ some time before the attack, at which he love with her. Sitting there with his v1ewer 1s opinion, is inherently 11Brned the latter that, from his knowledge newly beloved, he tenderly discussed ••• dangerous for intelligence of the Japs, he expected them to attack the the chances of a successful aerial at- work. I am willing to grant neat, wherever it was, and that the attack tack on the Canal locks. Brother, that is that social scientists are would come on a weekend, the low point in devotion. ·~II-trained in amassing vast the American week. A story had gotten a- - Lt. Robert H. Bar amounts of material of an eco­ nomic- or political-tendency nature, but their training is The Future of American Secret Intelligence almost invariably in drawing general conclusions based on By George s. Pettee. The Infantry Journal Preas, the 110ight of available evi­ Washington, 1946; 120 pp.; $1.50. Available in dence. In intelligence eval­ WDGAS-95 Library. uation the ability to isolate a single item, often contradic­ This monograph is an expression of opinion nomic, geographic, political, scientific tory or unconnected to the by Professor Pattee on the need for continu­ and related informtion. He does nat refer trend of all other information ing the ~rtime intelligence activities un­ to having been enga~ed personally in any of may be crucial. Persons pos- ' dertaken by various branches of the govern­ the war agencies. lHis acknowledgements sassing this flair will be ment in a central intelligence agency. Pat­ mention "younger colleagues" who were mem­ found in no specific category tee, a member of the Dopartment of Politi­ bers of the Of.'fice of Strategic Services or walk of life and can be giv­ cal Science at Amherst College, emphasizes { CBS) and the Foreign Economic Administra­ en no guaranteed course of in­ the need for a central intelligence author­ tion (FEA).) It ~eems reasonable to illfer, struction. Of course, some so­ ity and goes into considerable detail in therefore, that his book represents the cial scientists in general are viewpoint of a "layman and it is accord­ necessary to prepare and digest discussing the wartime experiences of the n, "But I 1ve been trying to tell various agencies engaged in collecting eco- ingly of some interest as an indication of you - I was a the preliminary data for final ham actor 1" evaluation. 32 ASA Review May-June 1947 -· 33 REF ID:A66146

Too much emphasis on terminology and forms 'l'be qualifications for the workers in the could be a serious danger to developing an Surreptitious Entry central agency itself and the definition of its mission are not the same as those of the intelligence authority. In fairness to Pattee, a distinc~ion must subordinate operating agencies and have not By Willis DeVere George. D. Appleton-Century Com­ been covered adequately by Mr. Pattee. be emphasized between the general informa­ tion services with which he is concerned pany, New York, 1946; 214 pp.; $2.50. Available Pattee believes that the central intelli­ (such as economic surveys, studies base~ on in WDGAS-95 Library. gence authority should be Ile.inly con~er~ed the foreign press and foreign broadcasting, with determining the form and establishing dispatches of American correspondents a­ broo.d and the like) and the military and the doctrine, terms and methodology of th~ 1 information to be developed by the subordi­ nava.1 intelligence activities w~ch ar~ As a commentary of interest to persons in veloped to a high skill the art of "sur-. nate agencies. This again raises one of the generally of a much higher clas~ification. intelligence work, these reminiscences of a reptitious entry". This involves entering dangers of the social sciences. Many read­ The actual processes of intelligence work former agent for the Treasury Depi.rtment, a suspected office or home, picking the ers will be familiar with the considerable in these two fields are widely different! congressional investigations, Office of lock of any safe or cabinet, opening sealed mumb~jumbo of definitions, terms, phrase~, Furthermore the p:roblem of security, which 1 Naval Intelligence, and Office of Stra­ :r;:ackages, microfilming all interesting doc­ standard tests, etc., devised by ~he social Pattee does not discuss, 'is paramoi:nt in tegic Services contain very little worth­ uments, and departing with all trace of ex­ sciences in connection with Education. military intelligence but of relatively. while inforzmtion. Nevertheless, they are amination of documents and visit to the room (This is perhaps an unfair comparison, as little importance in the other type of in­ more interesting than the average spy or building removed. The ac.tual techniques to my knowledge no one has suggested that formation-gathering. Despite these short~ thriller, and they are based -- at least employed and the evidence of careful training "Educasters" would be the ideal nucleus for comings Pettee•s book is a valuable con­ purportedly -- on fact. in precise teamwork are very interesting. an intelligence agency.) In Education the tributi~ to any discussion of the problem The book opens in a manner reminiscent The first few pages of the book whet the methods and definitions become an end in of a central intelligence authority. reader's interest with the description of -- Thomas A. Miller of a hard-boiled detective story with the themselves a.nd often stultify any progress. hero {equal author) temporarily stranded a particularly careful (and successful) op­ in Cuba. There he is selected (for reasons era tion in Chicago a·gainst a suspected Nazi The Strange Alliance unclear, as no qualificationB for the job agent. have been shown for him) by a Treasury De­ ThTough the acquaintance of a suspect p:i.rtment .under-cover man who is attempting with a former "colonel in a central European (The story or our Ef'f orts at Wartime Cooperation to break up a ring smuggling Cuban alco- intelligence organization in World War I" W1th Russia) by Maj. Gen. Jobn R. Deane. Viking hol into the United States. This is done an extensive spy ring was uncovered. Anong Press, New Y~rk, 1946; 344 pp.; $3.75. Avail­ by a liberal mixture of dynamite, the the documents photographed "surreptitiously" able in WDGAS-95 Library. third-degree, and a beautiful and mysterious were the plans for the invasion of Sicily woman assistant. In rapid succession a two weeks before it started. The phot~ A great many books have been written a­ phase of the liaison effort. The first ring of counterfeiters is exposed (in riv­ graphing of the codes and :r;:apers in the bout Russia in the pa.st few years. Most of covers General Deane's introduction to Rus­ alry with the Secret Service), the notorious consulate safe of a "pro-Axis" neutral is them are by correspondents and observers sia (including' some of its more venerable Alvin Barkis, Public Enemy Number 1, is also described. institutions, such as vodka and the NKVD) found for the FBI, a Cuban dope ring is who have visited Russia, lived among Rus­ After the Cuban exploits and the CIU op­ sians, and talked to Russians. Few are by and.the problems of Lend-Lease. Pa:t Two smashed, and an attempt by a CUban revo­ tells of the coord;l.nation (in most in­ lutionary movement to kidnap Irene DePont erations of tbe author, his services with men who have worked with Russians -- partic­ the Qf'fice of Strategic Services are anti­ ularly with·top-echelon Russians. stances, attempted) of the air and land ·is foiled. Through it all the author moves operations bet-ween the 110stern Allies and in amicable relations and considerable climactic. After taking the training General Deane served as secretary to the Russia; the German surrender, and the frus­ cooperation with the Cuban Security Police, course for CBS agents (recently pictured in Joint Chiefs of Staff until 1943, when he trating difficulties of rep:i.triating Allied an organization which, it will be recalled, "13 Rue Madeleine") he took the job of was appointed head of the U.S. Military prisoners-of-110.r. This pi.rt, however, ends has not won praise for its respect for training CSS operatives in the techniques Mission in Moscow• He remained in this with a ray of sunshine breaking through the civil liberties. Nevertheless, the Cuban of lock-picking and :r;:acke.ge-opening. Fi­ post through the days of Lend-Lease, the clouds, in a chapter called 11 It '\'il:ls Not All episode alone should bring Hollywood in full nally he got to Landan and from there to the Teheran and Yalta Conferences, the Ger­ Bad 11 The Yalta and Potsdam Conference~ cry, the fact that there is a close resem­ Continent. However, after a :r;:arachute land­ man surrender, and finally the Japanese and.the entrance of Russia into the Paci~ic blance to :r;:ast 1'B" movies certainly being ing behind the German lines and a surrepti­ surrender. In Ih2, Stran@ Alliance 1 he war form the third p:i.rt. The last pa.rt is tious entry, the "Gestapo safe in Cologne" 11 no deterrent. tells the story of the mission, its prob­ titled "Can We Get Along With Russia? The heart of the story concerns the au­ and various vaults containing German indus­ lems, successes and fai.lures, combining a trial and Nazi Party secrets were not o­ General Deane presents the history of the thor 1 s work for the Office of Naval Intel­ pened by any of the lock-picking tools car­ well-documented account of high historical liaison effort from the inside. His obser­ ligence, chiefly in New York City and Chi­ importance with a study in Russian rela­ ried in a 35-pound p:i.ck. Instead, their vations on the Soviet Government, ~harac7 cago, although there is one of the standard tions and Russian psychology. tar, and people are those of a trained Illl.nd reminiscences about Washington red-tape, locks were blown out with the latest high The style is straightforward and unembel­ and are based on an experience of over two building-guards and identification proce­ explosives after the respective targets lished, and the book has the ring of fac­ years with the men who ruJ.e Russia. His dures. A new wrinkle has the author get were overrun by General Bradley 1 s 12th tual experience. But it is not a 11dry" book is required reading for anyone desir­ lost in the Navy Dep:i.rtment rather than in Army Group, to which the author was at­ book, for the material is interestingly ing a fuller understanding of Russia and the Pentagon. tached. presented and General Deane is not without the Russians. For CJU the author, so he purports de- The shadowing of CHI and FBI operatives a sense of humor. The book is divided in­ - Stephen L. Wolf 1 to four ~rts, each treating a different ASA Review May-June f 94 7 35 34 REF ID:A66146

by each other is amusing and there are.sev­ book loses nothing in interest from this WITH ASA ·NAMS •.. eral other examples of a lack of coordina­ restraint and compares favorably with some tion between these agencies. Highly to Mr. of the more revealing memoirs which have George's credit, however, is his caution.in recently ~ppeared. withholding specific names and dates. His -- Thomas A. Miller Arlington Hall Takes to the Air "CQ 10-Meter Phone., The rooi' of Headquarters Building at Ar­ W6YII (Young Innocent Ida) took to the lington Hall is sprouting antennas which air last November under the somewhat ner­ ASA Library Accessions will carry the signals of W4LOI, the new vous but careful VU.dance of M. Sgt. Ralph amateur station of the A.H. Radio Club. P. Rushing of the 3rd Radio Security Sec­ The following is a partial list of books re­ Installation of power wiring has been tion, 136th Radio Securit7 Detachment, at cently added to the WDGAS-95 Library, Room 1507 delaying the completion of equipment con­ Daly City, Calif. Although he opened shop "B" Building. For complete lists see the acces­ struction. Operation is contemplated on (or is it 11 shack11 ?) on 40 meters, 10-meter sion notices periodically circulateq by the Li­ 10, 20, 40 and 80 meters with one or more phone is now Rushing's pet. brary to all Arlington Hall operations units. BC-610 1s and two "liberated" German trans­ Using a John Meck Industries transmitter, mitters. At least one of the rigs will which employs a 6L6G ~egenerative oscilla­ have a kilowatt at its disposal. tor ~ircuit and a pair of 6L6G's in push­ Almanacs, Yearbooks and Directories Roethlisberger, F.J. - Management and the worker. 1939. . T58 push (sic) in the final, Rushing has a pow­ World Almanac, 1947. AY42 The club intends to establish contacts er input varying as per frequency from 50 Information Please Almanac, 1947, Religion !!:!!£ Ethics with amateur stations operated by ASA men• to 65 watts. This powerful little 50-wat­ edited by John Kieran. AY64 Hastings, James - Encyclopedia of overseas and to maintain traffic schedules ter feeds a borrowed Army rhombic atop 90- South American Handbook, 1946. F2204 Religion and Ethics. 12v. BL31 for handling third-party messages between foot masts, with 400 feet of wire per leg Economic Almanac for 1946-1947 • .HA42 Dictionary of American Hierarchy. the United States and overseas areas. In beamed at 70 degrees 10 minutes east of Canada Yearbook, 1946. HA742 1940. BX4670 order to accomplish the former objective, north, cutting through Washington, n.c., Patterson's American Educational the club is collecting schedule and fre­ and South. Africa to the east and Hawaii and Who's Who Directory, 1946. L901 quency information from stations in the New Zeal~na to the west. The antenna is --International. Blue Book (World field and compiling a master schedule, fed from both ends with 600-ohm feeders Bibliography Notables), 1946. CT120 W4LOI 1s normal operation will be from l400Z running into the transmitter shack. A 600- Who's Who in Labor, 1946. HD8073 to OJOOZ Saturdays and Sundays and froln- ohm resistor is connected across the feed­ Galland, Joseph s. - Bibliography Ql41 of the Literature of Cryptology. American Men of Science, 1944. 2130Z to OJOOZ on other days. Both vari­ ers not in use, making the antenna ]lllidi­ Z5705 able-frequency and crystal-controlled os­ rectional. Tests were made and a gain of 1945. World Affairs Ulrich's Periodicals Directory. cillators will be used. 14 to 18 decibels was noted when antenna Sumner, B.H. - Short History of feeders were so arranged as to make it uni­ 1946. Z6947 DK4l Security regulations for operation of the Scientific Medical and Technical Russia. 1943. A.H. station include a requirement that directional toward the station worked. Books Published' in the Uni"t e d • Zacharias, Ellis M. - Secret there be no mention of ASA or ASA activi­ Missions. 1946. D810.S7 Sergeant Rushing is well on his way to States. 1946. Z7401 ties on the air, either in voice or code. getting a WAS (Worked All States) certifi­ Fisher, A.G.B. - International Literature Officers of the club are: President, Maj. cate, having 26 to his credit thus far plus Implications of Full Empldy­ a collection of New Zealand, Bermuda, Ha­ Platz, Mabel, compiler - Anthology ment in Great Britain. 1946. HD5767 . George M. Sayre, W5ZU; secretary-treasurer, Frank Mitchell Jr., W5IIB; chief operator, waii, South Afr~ca and Australia contacts. of Public Speeches. 1940. PN6122 Beukema, H. - Contemporary For­ Mitford M. Mathews, W4LFU; property officer, With present plans calling for the instal­ Churchill, Winston - Secret eign Governments (u.s. Military Lt. ~ayne B. Palioca. lation of a north-south "Lazy H" (six half­ Session Speeches. 1946. PR1329 Academy, west Point, Dept. of waves in phase) antenna, hopes are high for Hart, James D. - Clx:ford Companion Economics, Government and His­ fUture contacts with Alaska, Central and to American Literature. 1941. PS21 tory). 1946. JF201 Hamming in the Far East South America, and the Far F.ast. ~g, Frederick A. - European Gov­ JF51 ...... Personnel ernments and Politics. 1939. Valentine's Day found Capt. James L. War­ Amateur station J2VFW has been installed Johnson, F.H. - Job Evaluation. T58 Myers, Denys P. - Handbook of the bington, the Jrd's Charlie Choe, and Sgt. and is in operation at Tokyo Arse11B.l using I.awrence c. Tate slaving over the olcl ham Mosher and Kingsley - Public Per­ !£ague of Nations. 1935. JX1975 the license of Colonel Samuel Collins,' T58 P. exam at the San Francisco FCC office. The sonnel Administration. 1941. Ra.nshofen-Wertheimer, E. - The In­ W8VFW, chief of ASA Pacific. The installa­ ternational Secretariat, 1945. JX1975 code test was a breeze for both but the tion work was performed by Major Terry, who written exam was something else. The cap­ does most of the phone operation. Consid­ tain received a Mickey Finn in thct his set erable interest has been shown by those who of questions included seven diagrams have talked to families and friends at home. to be.drawn, captioned and explained. He Othsr ASA amateur stations in the Pacific definitely is no artist, he says, and feels are J3GNX, Captain Tiffany, Kyoto; J9AAW, that the FCC conspired to keep him off the Lieutenant Day, Okinawa, and KAlAW, Cap­ air. tain Openshaw, San Miguel, Luzon. - 2nd Lt. Robert T. Ellis

May-June 1947 37 A.SA Review 36 REF ID:A66146

ASA: AService With Its Own Reserve The Last Days of Pompeii oa The Fall of Rome serve records. That headquarters will for­ WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT of the Army Secur­ ward them to the Reserve Branch of the Ad­ ity Section in the Organized Reserve, spec­ jutant General's office. OB THAT'S ALL, HALL ialists in the various fields of ASA activ­ Openings for New Reservists ity now have their own reserve unit. Many 1 There is also provision for qualified and Twas the fourteenth of August in forty-five Meanwhile, civilians, with total immersion of them are transferring to it from other (Year of V-E, atoms, the Baka dive) eligible persons who are not already mem­ In their private schemes for reconversion reserve sections, principally the Military When Truman proclaimed a state of peace. Figured their overtime-less pay, ' Intelligence Reserve and the Signal Re­ bers of the Organized Reserve to join the Army Security _Reserve under the regulations Whi~h marked the end of the Nipponese. Folded their checkbooks and crept away serve. Enlisted men and officers fearfUl applicable to appointments and enlistments In reluctant trickles to pastures new, Qualified persons who have served at Counted their points, then retired tearfUl Leaving the Hall to a die-hard few in other reser~e sections. least one year in these activities of the To dream their forty were five-and~eighty ' Who could then consign the debris of paper Army are being encouraged to apply for Reserve officers on active duty cannot And their lives were filled with matters To Cumberland vaults or to formless vapor, transfer. Both officer and enlisted re­ transfer to the Army Security Reserve until weighty Or could turn their brains to the technical serve sections have been set up. the termination of their active-duty sta­ Like post-war plans and demobilization mysteries tus. Officers being separated, or anyone And thirty-foot cars with gas sans ration. Of naver-to-be-read subsectional histories. Persons with the following military oc­ else interested in joining the AS Reserve. cupational specialties or those who have should address inquiries to the Reserve Af­ served at least one year in signal intelli­ The halls grew empty; ~he wings grew bare. fairs Unit of WDGAS-22. Maj. Robert E. Just a few old mossbacks lingered there gence or communication security activities Tachoir is officer-in-charge of the unit. will be considered for transfer to the Army Hearing naught but the distant sound ' Since demobilization, those who possess Of the duty officer's daily round Security Reserve. Officer specialties of primary interest to ASA, in­ Or the cry of the termite by man unawed cluding those who spent the major portion When he sighted a beam as yet ungnawed. 0225 - radio intelligence officer of their war service in signal intellige'nce 0532 - communications officer, and communication security activities, have As the walls were crumbling, as the build­ special ( AH-2) joined other reserve sections. - ing sank 9240 - communications security officer With a long, slow groan into regions dank, 9600 - cryptanalytic officer, general The Military Intelligence Reserve fur­ Into the earth's eternal gloom, nished ASA with the reserve records of over 9601 - cryptanalytic officer, code Into the Hall's long-destined tomb 1 9602 - cryptanalytic officer, chemical 500 former ASA officers who accepted com­ Came a faint, fey cry, -~racked and thin missions in Military Intelligence Reserve, 11 1 9603 - cryptographic officer, equipment We ve made it, boysJ -"~ inJ We're 1iJ" 9604 - cryptanalytic officer, trans- and letters were written to them. This has lations resulted in about 125 transfers thus far. - Ruth Bean 9605 - radio traffic-analysis officer The same procedure will be fqllowed with Enlisted Signal Corps reservists as soon as possi- cers~ 60 to 90 days at Headquarters ASA for ble. specially selected AS Reserve officers• 15 538 - voice interceptor (designated '°' B .s Geographic Breakdown days with a field unit or fixed instalia­ language) tion (as Vint Hill or Two Rock Ranch); at­ 543 - radio intelligence control chief Army Security Reserve units will be formed in geographic locations which have tendance at Army Security Agency School for 709 - traffic-analyst (radio) 13 weeks. 738 - intercept operator, German not as yet been determined. They will in­ 739 - intercept operator, Japanese clude radio-intelligence and security-moni­ 799 - intercept operator, fixed-station toring companies but no cryptographic or Under these provisions it would be possi­ 807 - cryptographic code compiler cryptanalytic gro:ips. Some units will be ble for a civilian employee of the Agency 808 - cryptanalysis technician organized for officers and enlisted men, to serve an active-duty period on his own 6709 - traffic analyst, German and others for officers only. regular job. However, it is not necessary 8709 - traffic analyst, Japanese The minimum activity required to hold of­ f?r reserve officers desiring active duty ficer reserve status consists of (1) exten­ ~th ASA to hold civilian jobs in the Agen­ Applications for transfer sho1:11~ be in sion courses and (2) occasional active du­ cy. letter form and outline the training and ty. The budgetary allowance for reserve experience which qualify the applicant for activity will determine the amount of ac­ The procedure for a reserve officer de­ the Army Security Reserve. Major commands tive duty which the AS Reserve will be able siring to be placed on active duty will be are authorized to take final action on ap­ to offer its meinbers. to apply to the colDlllB.nding general of the plications from enlisted men. Applications Beginning sometime in the fiscal year Army area having jurisdiction over his re­ from commissioned officers should be for­ serve records, stating in his application warded to the commanding general of the Ar­ 1948 three kinds of active duty will be avaii.able to Army Security Reserve offi- the type of active duty training and the my area having jurisdiction over their re- time he desires it. AT ASA Review 38 May-June 1947 39 ~~------~====:::::~~~~~~RE!!!F~I!D~:!!!!I fJ8NFIB:fiN'FIAIJ

EDITORIAL STAFF

lIDGAS-23 •••••••• Edwin c. Fishel, F.ditor Heedguarters, !§!. lVDGAS-40 •••••••• Capt. Betty M. McCrahon WDGAS-70 •••••••••• Miss Holly Rickes WDGAS-61 •••••••••Miss Gertrude Kirtland WDGAS-80 ••••••• Thoma.s R. Chittenden llDGAS-62 ••• ~ •••• lst Lt. Marion G. 'l!ley WDGAS-90 •••••••••• Ale:xander G. Rose Field Installations Headquarters, ASA Europe •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Ma.j. Daniel Vol Janin Headquarters, ASA Europe, Hq. Det. Herzo Base ••••••• 2nd Lt. John E. Martin 2nd Radio Squadron Mobile ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2nd Lt. James L. Stilley 114th Signal Service Company •••••••••••••••••••••• 2nd Lt. Robert R. Donner 116tb Signal Service Company •••••••••••••••••••••• lst Lt. Guy c. Severance 6th Det., Second Signal Service Battalion•••••••••••• Capt. Walter J. Brown Headquarters, ASA Pacific •••••••••••••••.•••••••••.•••.•.•.....•..•..•••••••• 1st Operating Platoon, 126tb Signal Service Company ••• lst Lt. R. B. Mosser Vint Hill Farina Station•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• M. Sgt. Carl J. Bierbaum Two Rock Ranch Station•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• WOJG Robert L. Fulton Monitor Station 7 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Capt. Joseph B. Mathis Headquarters, l.36th Radio Security Detachment ••••••••• Capt. Emanuel P. Peters 2nd Radio Security Section••••••••••••••••••••••••••• lst Lt. Perry A. Iamb Det. 2nd Radio Security Section•••••••••••••••••• Capt. Clarence L.Barnbart 3rd Radio Security Section ••••••••••••••••••••••• Capt. James L. Warbington 6th Radio Security Section ••••••••••••••••••••••• Capt. Berthier s. McClure 15th Radio Security Section•••••••••••••••••••••• Capt. F.dward F. Greenough 17th Radio Security Section ••••••••••••••••••••••••• lst Lt. John w. Hoover 18th Radio Security Section••••••••••••••••••••••• Capt. Ql.kley L. Stockton 60th Signal Service Company•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••lst Lt. Jack W. White

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