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The Effects of Echinostoma Revolutum Larval Infection on the Histology, Growth and Fecundity of the Snail, Stagnicola Palustris." (1972)

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The Effects of Echinostoma Revolutum Larval Infection on the Histology, Growth and Fecundity of the Snail, Stagnicola Palustris. Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1972 The ffecE ts of Echinostoma Revolutum Larval Infection on the Histology, Growth and Fecundity of the Snail, Stagnicola Palustris. Deloris Palmquist Zischke Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Zischke, Deloris Palmquist, "The Effects of Echinostoma Revolutum Larval Infection on the Histology, Growth and Fecundity of the Snail, Stagnicola Palustris." (1972). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2262. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2262 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 A Xerox Education Company ZISCHKE, Deloris Palmquist, 1924- THE EFFECTS OF ECHINOSTOMA REVOLUTUM LARVAL INFECTION ON THE HISTOLOGY, GROWTH AND FE­ CUNDITY OF THE SNAIL STAGNICOLA PALUSTRIS. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1972 Zoology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan TUT? MSSFRTATTON HAS RF.FN MTCROFTIMF.D F.XACTI.Y AS RFCFTVED. THE EFFECTS OF ECHINOSTOMA REVOLUTUM LARVAL INFECTION ON THE HISTOLOGY, GROWTH AND FECUNDITY OF THE SNAIL STAGNICOLA PALUSIRIS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agriculture and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Zoology and Physiology by Deloris Palmquist Zischke B. A., University of South Dakota, 1947 M. A., University of South Dakota, 1959 May, 1972 PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. H. J. Bennett, chairman of my dissertation committee, and the other committee members, Drs. K. C. Corkum, W. J. Harman, H. J. Werner, and J. P. Woodring for their suggestions and criticisms of the manuscript. My thanks to Dr. John Marshall for assistance with the spectro- photometric analysis. My husband, James, has encouraged me throughout the course of this study, and provided invaluable counsel and assistance in the necessary tasks of proofreading and checking of data. My daughter, Paula, has been patient in sharing her mother's time. My mother and father, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Palmquist, have provided encouragement throughout this study, for which I shall always be grateful. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES.................................................. vi ABSTRACT.......................................................... x INTRODUCTION..................................................... 1 Normal Histology of the Visceral Region in Pulmonate Gastropods.................................. 1 Trematode Induced Changes in the Histology of the Visceral Region.................................... 4 Changes in Tissue Chemistry.............................. 11 Changes in Growth Rate and Shell Formation.............. 13 Changes in Metabolic Rate................................ 14 Changes in Fecundity...................................... 15 Factors Affecting Pathology.............................. 17 Statement of Problem...................................... 21 MATERIALS AND METHODS........................................... 23 RESULTS........................................................... 28 Part I. Observations on Uninfected Snails.................. 28 Structure and Histology of Visceral Region.... 28 Observations on Tissue Chemistry.............. 36 Growth........................................... 38 Shell Formation................................. 38 Metabolic Rate.................................. 39 Fecundity........................................ 39 iii Page Part II. Observations on Infected Snails................. 40 Sites of Development and Migration of Echinostoma revolutum Larvae in Stagnicola palustris.......................... 40 Changes in the Structure and Histology of the Visceral Region........................... 42 Observations on Changes in Tissue Chemistry. 47 Growth......................................... 49 Shell Formation............................... 50 Metabolic Rate................................ 51 Fecundity...................................... 52 Effects of Infection on Feeding............. 55 Snail Age and Susceptability to Infection... 55 DISCUSSION...................................................... 57 Tissue Structure and Chemistry........................... 57 Growth..................................................... 64 Shell Formation........................................... 67 Metabolic Rate............................................ 68 Fecundity.................................................. 69 Factors Affecting Pathology.............................. 72 SUMMARY.......................................................... 75 LITERATURE CITED................................................ 78 TABLES........................................................... 86 FIGURES.......................................................... 88 APPENDIX......................................................... 146 VITA............................................................. 149 iv LIST OF TABLES Tables Page I. Mean food consumption by infected and uninfected snails.................................... 86 II. Susceptability of snails of different sizes to infection............................................. 87 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Section of visceral region of Stagnicola palustris 89 2. Section of hepatopancreas of Stagnicola palustris...... 89 3. Stagnicola palustris digestive cells in first morphological state...................................... 91 4. Stagnicola palustris digestive cell discharging vacuolar contents......................................... 91 5. Stagnicola palustris digestive cells in the second morphological state...................................... 93 6. Stagnicola palustris digestive cell undergoing normal breakdown.................................................. 93 7. Stagnicola palustris digestive cells in the third morphological state...................................... 95 8. Stagnicola palustris digestive cells in the fourth morphological state...................................... 95 9. Stagnicola palustris hepatopancreatic epithelium in transitional stage between the third and fourth morphological states..................................... 97 10. Stagnicola palustris digestive cell in the fifth morphological state...................................... 97 11. Stagnicola palustris lime cells with terminal ends dislodged.................................................. 99 12. Section of the ovotestis of Stagnicola palustris....... 99 13. Section of the head-foot of Stagnicola palustris showing mother redia...................................... 101 14. Stagnicola palustris hepatopancreatic follicles showing early stage of syncytial degeneration.......... 101 vi Figure Page 15. Stagnicola palustris hepatopancreatic epithelium showing early stage of syncytial degeneration......... 103 16. Stagnicola palustris hepatopancreatic epithelium showing early stage of syncytial degeneration......... 103 17. Stagnicola palustris hepatopancreatic follicles showing late stage
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