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Mollusca Gastropoda : Columbariform Gastropods of New Caledonia

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ÎULTATS DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. VOLUME 7 RÉSULTATS DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. VOLUME i RÉSUI 10 Mollusca Gastropoda : Columbariform Gastropods of New Caledonia M. G. HARASEWYCH Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Department of Invertebrate Zoology Washington, DC 20560 U.S.A. ABSTRACT A survey of the deep-water malacofauna of New Caledo­ Fustifusus. Serratifusus virginiae sp. nov. and Serratifusus nia has brought to light two species referable to the subfamily lineatus sp. nov., two Recent species of the columbariform Columbariinac (Gastropoda: Turbincllidae). Coluzca faeeta genus Serratifusus Darragh. 1969. previously known only sp. nov. is described from off the Isle of Pines at depths of from deep-water fossil deposits of Miocene age. arc also 385-500 m. Additional specimens of Coluzea pinicola Dar- described. On the basis of anatomical and radular data, ragh, 19X7, previously described from off the Isle of Pines, Serratifusus is transferred from the Columbariinae to the serve as the basis for the description of the new genus family Buccinidae. RESUME Mollusca Gastropoda : Gastéropodes columbariformes de également décrite de l'île des Pins, a été récoltée vivante et Nouvelle-Calédonie. devient l'espèce type du nouveau genre Fustifusus. Le genre Serratifusus Darragh. 1969 n'était jusqu'ici connu que de Au cours des campagnes d'exploration de la faune pro­ dépôts miocènes en faciès profond : deux espèces actuelles. .S. fonde de Nouvelle-Calédonie, deux espèces de la sous-famille virginiae sp. nov. et S. lineatus sp. nov., sont maintenant Columbariinae (Gastropoda : Turbinellidae) ont été décou­ décrites de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Sur la base des caractères vertes. Coluzea faeeta sp. nov. est décrite du large de l'île des anatomiques et de la radula, le genre Serratifusus est transféré Pins entre 385 et 550 m. Coluzea pinicola Darragh. 1987, des Columbariinae à la famille des Buccinidae. HARASKWYCH, M. G., 1991. Mollusca Gastropoda : Columbariform Gastropods of New Caledonia, in : A. CROSNIIR & P. BOUCHKT (eds.). Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Volume 7. Mèm. Mus. nam. Hist, nat., (A), 150 : 243-259. Paris ISB\ : 2-85653-180-6. Publié le 20 mars ¡991. 244 M.G. HARASEWYCH INTRODUCTION The Columbariinae is the most speciose of the (MARTENS, 1901; TOMLIN, 1928; BARNARD, 1959), subfamilies of Turbinellidae, with nearly 50 and western Pacific (HABE, 1979; DARRAGH, Recent species inhabiting bathyal depths along 1987; POWELL, 1979) Oceans. More recently, continental margins, predominantly in tropical columbariines have been discovered along conti­ and temperate latitudes (HARASEWYCH, 1986). nental margins of the eastern Pacific (MCLEAN & These animals inhabit soft substrates and feed on ANDRADE, 1982) and eastern Indian (HARASEWY­ tube-dwelling polychaete worms (HARASEWYCH, CH, 1986) Oceans. 1983). Earliest fossil representatives occur in the Dr Philippe BOUCHET, Curator of Marine Late Cretaceous (Maestrichtian) deposits of Eu­ Mollusca, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, rope (DARRAGH, 1969). During the Paleogene, Paris, has kindly made available specimens of the Columbariinae were represented in shallow columbariform gastropods dredged and trawled water (upper continental shelf) faunas ranging in the upper bathyal zone off New Caledonia as from western North America, throughout Eu­ part of an ongoing faunal sampling program. rope, to New Zealand (DARRAGH, 1969). The few The purpose of this paper is to report on this Neogene records are limited to deeper-water material, which contained: a new species of (outer continental shelf - upper continental Coluzea; adult specimens and anatomical mate­ slope) fossil deposits of southeastern Australia rial of the recently described Coluzea pinieola and New Zealand (DARRAGH, 1969; FINLAY, Darragh, 1987, that serve as the basis for a 1930), dating the shift in their habitat from description of a new genus; and two new Recent subtidal to bathyal depths. Diverse columbariine species referable to the genus Serratifusus, pre­ faunas have long been known to occur in the viously known only from Early to Middle Mio­ western Atlantic (CLENCH, 1944, 1959; BAYER, cene horizons (DARRAGH, 1969, 1985). 1971; HARASEWYCH, 1983), western Indian MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is based primarily on speci­ mination with SEM. All scanning electron micro­ mens collected by the vessels R.V. " Vauban" graphs were taken using a Hitachi S-570 SEM. and R.V. "Jean-Charcot" during BIOCAL, MU- Repositories of examined specimens are indi­ SORSTOM 4, LAGON, CHALCAL 2, and SMIB 4 cated by the following abbreviations: cruises. For a narrative of the deep-sea cruises AMS — Australian Museum, Sydney and list of stations, see RICHER de FORGES (1990). BM(NH)G British Museum of Natural History, Where sufficient specimens were available, Geology Department, London material for anatomical studies was obtained by DMNH — Delaware Museum of Natural History, fracturing the shells in a vice, removing larger Wilmington fragments with forceps, and dissolving remaining MNHN — Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, shell with 10% hydrochloric acid (HC1). Soft Paris parts were rinsed in distilled water and transfer­ NMNZ National Museum of New Zealand, red to 70% ethanol for dissection. Protoconchs Wellington and radulae were cleaned in dilute Sodium USNM National Museum of Natural History, hypochlorite solution (1% NaOCl) prior to exa­ Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA : COLUM BARI FORM GASTROPODS 245 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Family TURBINELLIDAE Swainson, 1840 Subfamily COLUMBARIINAE Tomlin, 1928 Genus COLUZEA Allan, 1926 Coluzea Allan, 1926: 304, issued separately December completed. Coluzea first appears in the Eocene 7, 1926. deposits of the Paris and London Basins, and is Type species: Fusus dentatus Hutton, 1877, by mono- typy. known from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand (DARRAGH, 1969). As presently understood, the Coluzea Finlay, 1926: 407, issued separately December genus appears to be restricted in the Recent 23, 1926. fauna to continental margins in the temperate Type species: Fusus spiralis A. Adams, 1856, by and tropical regions of the Indian Ocean, to the original designation. eastern margin of the Australian tectonic plate, The morphological similarities between the and to those adjacent regions of the Pacific genera Coluzea, and Fulgurofusus Grabau, 1904, tectonic plate west of the Andesite Line (see have been discussed previously (FINLAY, 1930: SPRINGER, 1982: fig. 2). A request for a ruling by 267-268; HARASEWYCH, 1983: 5, 1986: 158). Full the International Commission on Zoological generic status is provisionally retained for Colu­ Nomenclature on the authorship and type spe­ zea until a revision of the subfamily can be cies of Coluzea (BEU et ai, 1969) is still pending. Coluzea faceta sp. nov. Figs 1-4, 22; Table 1 MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia. " Vau- DESCRIPTION. — Shell (Figs 1-2) large (to 83 ban", 1978: stn 14, 22°16'S, 167°17'E, 465-495 m, mm), heavy, fusiform; spire angle 28°-37°; pro- 23-28.05.1978: paratype 10, 49.5 mm, MNHN. toconch (Fig. 4) of 1 1/4 whorls, with first whorl MUSORSTOM 4: stn 239, 22°14.80'S, 167°15.70'E, 470-475 m, 2.10.85: paratype 9, 58.5 mm, MNHN. deflected from coiling axis by about 80°; transi­ Stn 242, 22°05.80'S, 167°10.30'E, 500-550 m, 3.10. tion to teleoconch marked by appearance of 1985: holotype 82.6 mm, MNHN. Stn 247, keeled axial ribs, followed within 1 whorl by 22°09.00'S, 167°13.30'E, 435-460 m, 4.10.1985: paraty- spiral cords above and below shell periphery; pes 1-2, 44.7 mm, 43.7 mm, USNM 860477; paratypes teleoconch with up to 10 convex, weakly shoul­ 3-5, 50.0 mm, 39.5 mm, 23.6 mm, MNHN; paratype 6, 38.1 mm, AMS. — Stn 248, 22°09.50'S, 167°10.00'E, dered whorls; suture adpressed; axial sculpture of 380-385 m, 4.10.1985: paratype 7, 57.4 mm, MNHN; 9-10 hollow ribs on early postnuclear whorls, paratype 8, 43.4 mm, NMNZ. 10-11 thick, solid varices with short, open spines along periphery on sixth and subsequent whorls; TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype, MNHN; paraty­ spiral sculpture of 4-5 strong cords between pes 1-2, USNM 860477; paratypes 3-5,7, 9, 10, suture and shoulder, 4-5 between shoulder and MNHN; paratype 6, AMS; paratype 8, NMNZ. anterior carina, 4- 5 between anterior carina and base of siphonal canal, 32-38 cords on proximal TYPE LOCALITY. Off southeastern New 2/3 of siphonal canal; 1-4 fine threads between Caledonia, 22°05.80'S, 167°10.30'E, in 500-550 adjacent spiral cords; second, and occasionally m. [MUSORSTOM 4, stn 242]. first spiral cord anterior to periphery particularly 246 M G HARASEWYCtl FIGS 1-4. Cohtzea facet a sp. nov. : 1, Holotypc. MNIIN, MUSORSTOM 4, stn 242. Apertural, lateral and dorsal views. (0.775 x). - 2, Paratype 7, MNHN, MUSORSTOM 4, stn 248. Apertural view. (0.775 x). 3, Operculum of paratypc 7. (3.1 x). 4, Protoconch and first teleoconch whorl, paratype 5, MNHN, MUSORSTOM 4, stn 247. (24.8 x). MOL LUSCA GASTROPODA : COLUM BAR!FORM GASTROPODS 247 FIGS 5-9. Fustifusus pinicola (Darragh, 1987) : 5, Juvenile specimen of the same size as the holotype, MNHN. SMIB 4. stn 8. Apertural and dorsal views. (1.86x). 6, Adult specimen, MNHN, BIOCAL, stn 42. Apertural, lateral and dorsal views. (1-24 x). 7. Sub-adult specimen, MNHN, "Vauban", 1978, stn 4. Apertural view. (1.24 x). 8. Operculum of specimen in figure 2. (4.34 x). 9, Protoconch and first teleoconch whorl. "Vauban", 1978 stn 4. (24.8 x). 248 M. G. HARASEWYCH pronounced, giving posterior portions of axial oesophagus, broad, sacculate along gland of ribs angular, banded appearance; aperture ovate; Leiblein, constricting at rear of cephalic sinus; outer lip thick, furrowed beneath periphery, stomach simple, U-shaped; rectum broad poste­ inner lip smooth; siphonal canal 1/2 shell length, riorly, tapering anteriorly; female palliai gono- axial, stout, slightly sinuate distally; shell color duct with long, tall capsule gland; bursa copula- white; periostracum thin, yellowish, consisting of trix ovate, anterior to capsule gland; male palliai series of fine, axial, blade-like lamellae; oper­ gonoduct of simple narrow duct descending to culum (Fig.
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    Phylum MOLLUSCA Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shell Bruce Marshall, Steve O’Shea with additional input for squid from Neil Bagley, Peter McMillan, Reyn Naylor, Darren Stevens, Di Tracey Phylum Aplacophora In New Zealand, these are worm-like molluscs found in sandy mud. There is no shell. The tiny MOLLUSCA solenogasters have bristle-like spicules over Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea almost the whole body, a groove on the underside of the body, and no gills. The more worm-like slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shells caudofoveates have a groove and fewer spicules but have gills. There are 10 species, 8 undescribed. The mollusca is the second most speciose animal Bivalvia phylum in the sea after Arthropoda. The phylum Clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, etc. The shell is name is taken from the Latin (molluscus, soft), in two halves (valves) connected by a ligament and referring to the soft bodies of these creatures, but hinge and anterior and posterior adductor muscles. most species have some kind of protective shell Gills are well-developed and there is no radula. and hence are called shellfish. Some, like sea There are 680 species, 231 undescribed. slugs, have no shell at all. Most molluscs also have a strap-like ribbon of minute teeth — the Scaphopoda radula — inside the mouth, but this characteristic Tusk shells. The body and head are reduced but Molluscan feature is lacking in clams (bivalves) and there is a foot that is used for burrowing in soft some deep-sea finned octopuses. A significant part sediments. The shell is open at both ends, with of the body is muscular, like the adductor muscles the narrow tip just above the sediment surface for and foot of clams and scallops, the head-foot of respiration.
  • Anatomy and Taxonomic Composition of the Genus Latisipho Dall (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Russian Waters

    Anatomy and Taxonomic Composition of the Genus Latisipho Dall (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Russian Waters

    Ruthenica, 2006, 16(1-2): 17-42. ©Ruthenica, 2006 Anatomy and taxonomic composition of the genus Latisipho Dall (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Russian waters A. R. KOSYAN A.N. Severtsov Institute of Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospect 33, Moscow 119071, RUSSIA; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Based on the shell structure, anatomical The purpose of this paper was to revise the tax- and radular characters of seven species recorded from onomic composition of the genus Latisipho from the the Russian marine fauna and attributed to genera La- Russian seas, based on anatomical and conchologi- tisipho and Helicofusus, L. pharcidus is reduced to the cal characters of six mentioned species and the spe- junior synonym of L. hypolispus, whereas L. errones, cies, described within the other genus, but found L. jordani, L. georgianus, and H. luridus – to the being closer to Latisipho, Helicofusus luridus Goli- synonyms of L. hallii. kov in Golikov et Scarlato [1985]. There is a number of works containing descriptions of shells and so- metimes radulae of Latisipho [Golikov, Gulbin, In 1916, Dall described subgenus Latisipho wit- 1977; Bouchet, Warén, 1985; Kosuge, 1991; Oku- hin the genus Colus Röding, 1799, with the type tani, 2000], and the data on their ecology and dist- species Chrysodomus (Sipho) hypolispus. He noted ribution [Golikov, Sirenko, 1998; Golikov et al., that numerous species of Latisipho exist in the Be- 2001; Kantor, Sysoev, 2005]. Nevertheless, there ring Sea region, and are strongly contrasted with are no data on the head-foot and mantle morphology, typical Colus by their buccinoid form and strongly as well as the anatomy of digestive and reproductive recurved short canal [Dall, 1918].
  • Food Handling and Mastication in the Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.)

    Food Handling and Mastication in the Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.)

    KJAJA2Ö*)O)Ó Food handling and mastication in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) ««UB***1* WIT1 TUOSW«- «* omslag tekening : Wim Valen -2- Promotor: dr. J.W.M. Osse, hoogleraar in de algemene dierkunde ^iJOttO^ 1oID Ferdinand A. Sibbing FOOD HANDLING AND MASTICATION IN THE CARP (Cyprinus carpio L.) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de landbouwwetenschappen, op gezag van de rector magnificus, dr. C.C.Oosterlee, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 11 december 1984 des namiddags te vier uur in de aula van de Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen. l^V-, ^v^biS.oa BIBLIOTHEEK ^LANDBOUWHOGESCHOOL WAGENINGEN ^/y/of^OÏ, fOtO STELLINGEN 1. De taakverdeling tussen de kauwspieren van de karper is analoog aan die tussen vliegspieren van insekten: grote lichaamsspieren leveren indirekt het vermogen, terwijl direkt aangehechte kleinere spieren de beweging vooral sturen. Deze analogie komt voort uit architekturale en kinematische principes. 2. Naamgeving van spieren op grond van hun verwachte rol (b.v. levator, retractor) zonder dat deze feitelijk is onderzocht leidt tot lang doorwerkende misvattingen over hun funktie en geeft blijk van een onderschatting van de plasticiteit waarmee spieren worden ingezet. Een nomenclatuur die gebaseerd is op origo en insertie van de spier verdient de voorkeur. 3. De uitstulpbaarheid van de gesloten bek bij veel cypriniden maakt een getrapte zuivering van het voedsel mogelijk en speelt zo een wezenlijke rol in de selektie van bodemvoedsel. Dit proefschrift. 4. Op grond van de vele funkties die aan slijm in biologische systemen worden toegeschreven is meer onderzoek naar zijn chemische en fysische eigenschappen dringend gewenst. Dit proefschrift.