THE ADVENT HOPE for HUMAN HOPELESSNESS
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6 iblical erspectives THE ADVENT HOPE for HUMAN HOPELESSNESS A THEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE MEANING OF THE SECOND ADVENT FOR TODAY Samuele Bacchiocchi FOREWORD by Dr. Richard Lesher President, Andrews University iblical erspectives 4990 Appian Way Berrien Springs Michigan 49103, USA BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE CHRISTIAN AND ROCK MUSIC is a timely symposium that defines the biblical principles to make good musical choices. THE SABBATH UNDER CROSSFIRE refutes the common arguments used to negate the continuity and validity of the Sabbath. IMMORTALITY OR RESURRECTION? unmasks with compelling Biblical reason- ing the oldest and the greatest deception of all time, that human beings possess immortal souls that live on forever. THE MARRIAGE COVENANT is designed to strengthen your Christian home through a recovery of those biblical principles established by God to ensure happy, lasting, marital relationships. THE ADVENT HOPE FOR HUMAN HOPELESSNESS offers a scholarly, and comprehensive analysis of the biblical teachings regarding the certainty and imminence of Christ’s Return. FROM SABBATH TO SUNDAY presents the results of a painstaking research done at a Vatican University in Rome on how the change came about from Saturday to Sunday in early Christianity. THE SABBATH IN THE NEW TESTAMENT summarizes Bacchiocchi’s exten- sive research on the history and theology of the Lord’s Day and answers the most frequently asked questions on this subject. WINE IN THE BIBLE shows convincingly that the Bible condemns the use of alcoholic beverages, irrespective of the quantity used. CHRISTIAN DRESS AND ADORNMENT examines the Biblical teachings regarding dress, cosmetics, and jewelry. An important book designed to help Christians dress modestly, decently, and reverently. DIVINE REST FOR HUMAN RESTLESSNESS offers a rich and stirring theo- logical interpretation of the relevance of Sabbathkeeping for our tension-filled and restless society. Translated in 15 languages. HAL LINDSEY’S PROPHETIC JIGSAW PUZZLE refutes with compelling logic the senselessness of the predictions made by writers like Hal Lindsey. It received the 1987 Associated Church Press Award. WOMEN IN THE CHURCH shows why Scripture supports the participation of women in various church ministries but precludes their ordination to the representative role of elder or pastor. THE TIME OF THE CRUCIFIXION AND THE RESURRECTION examines the time element of the Crucifixion/Resurrection as well as the meaning of Christ’s death. GOD’S FESTIVALS IN SCRIPTURE AND HISTORY. Vol. 1: The Spring Festivals; Vol. 2: The Fall Festivals examine the historical development and theological meaning of the ancient Feasts of Israel. Each of the above books costs $20.00, mailing expenses included. To order them, call (616) 471-2915 or mail your prepaid order to: BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES 4990 Appian Way. Berrien Springs, MI 49103, USA Web Page: http://www.biblicalperspectives.com Cover design by Joe Maniscalco © Copyright 2001 by Samuele Bacchiocchi To purchase a copy of this book call (616) 471-2915 or mail your prepaid order ($20.00, postpaid) to BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES 4990 Appian Way Berrien Springs Michigan 49103 Phone (616) 471-2915 Fax (616) 471-4013 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Web site: http://www.biblicalperspectives.com TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................ 8 SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT ....................................................... 9 PREFACE ................................................................................................. 11 1. THE NATURE OF BIBLICAL HOPE ............................................. 15 A Look at Human Hope ................................................................ 15 A Look at Biblical Hope .............................................................. 21 Conclusion .................................................................................... 25 Notes to Chapter 1 .......................................................................... 26 2. THE OLD TESTAMENT AND THE ADVENT HOPE .................. 27 The Hope of a Coming Redeemer ................................................ 27 The Hope of the Final Advent of the Lord ................................... 35 Conclusion .................................................................................... 40 Notes to Chapter 2 ......................................................................... 42 3. THE NEW TESTAMENT AND THE ADVENT HOPE ................. 43 The Assurance of Fulfillment ...................................................... 44 A Present Fulfillment and a Future Consummation ...................... 45 The Unity Between the First and Second Advents ........................ 48 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 54 Notes to Chaqpter 3 ....................................................................... 55 4. THE CERTAINTY OF THE ADVENT HOPE .................................. 53 The Teachings of Jesus .................................................................. 53 The Testimony of Peter .................................................................. 61 The Testimony of Paul .................................................................. 63 The Testimony of Hebrews and James ........................................... 66 The Testimony of John .................................................................. 68 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 70 Notes to Chapter 4 ............................................................................... 72 5. THE DELIMITATION OF THE ADVENT HOPE ........................... 73 Did Christ Delimit the Time of His Return? .................................. 74 Mark 9:1 ................................................................................... 75 Mark 13:30................................................................................ 76 Matthew 10:23 ......................................................................... 78 Table of Contents 5 Did Paul Delimit the Time of the Parousia? .................................. 81 “We Passages” ......................................................................... 81 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 83 Notes to Chapter 5 .......................................................................... 84 6. THE IMMINENCE & DISTANCE OF THE ADVENT HOPE ....... 85 Imminence/Distance of the Advent ............................................... 86 Imminence/Distance in the Old Testament .............................. 86 Imminence/Distance in the New Testament ............................. 87 Possible Solutions ......................................................................... 89 A Crisis of Faith ....................................................................... 89 The Existential Time of the Advent Hope ............................... 90 The Unity of the Advent Hope ................................................ 92 Moral Urgency of the Advent Hope ......................................... 93 The Prophetic Perspective of the Advent Hope ....................... 94 Conclusion .................................................................................... 96 Notes to Chapter 6 .........................................................................,. 97 7. THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ADVENT SIGNS ....... 98 The Nature of the Advent Signs ..................................................... 99 The Generic Nature of the Advent Signs ................................. 99 Different Perceptions of the Advent Signs ............................... 100 Intensification of the Advent Signs .......................................... 101 The Function of the Advent Signs ................................................. 102 Advent Signs Nourish Hope and Faith .................................... 102 Advent Signs Point to Consummation of Redemption ............. 102 Advent Signs Call for Constant Readiness ............................... 103 Advent Signs Reveal the Ongoing Cosmic Controversy .......... 105 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 107 Notes to Chapter 7 ........................................................................... 108 8. THE SIGN OF DIVINE GRACE AND THE ADVENT HOPE ........ 109 Contemporizing the Advent Signs .................................................. 109 Worldwide Evangelization ............................................................. 111 A Most Important Sign ............................................................. 111 The Meaning of the Great Commission .................................... 112 Christian Expansion Over 20 Centuries .................................... 114 Global Christianity Today ........................................................ 115 The Unfinished Mission ........................................................... 117 Seventh-Day Adventist Evangelization .................................... 118 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 120 Notes to Chapter 8 ........................................................................... 120 Table of Contents 6 9. SIGNS OF OPPOSITION TO GOD AND THE ADVENT HOPE.... 122 Messianic Pretenders ...................................................................... 122 The Antichrist