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Destructive Pigment Characterization
Looking for common fingerprints in Leonardo’s pupils through non- destructive pigment characterization LETIZIA BONIZZONI 1*, MARCO GARGANO 1, NICOLA LUDWIG 1, MARCO MARTINI 2, ANNA GALLI 2, 3 1 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, , via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano (Italy) 2 Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano (Italy) and INFN, Sezione Milano-Bicocca. 3 CNR-IFN,piazza L. da Vinci, 20132 Milano (Italy). *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Non-invasive, portable analytical techniques are becoming increasingly widespread for the study and conservation in the field of cultural heritage, proving that a good data handling, supported by a deep knowledge of the techniques themselves, and the right synergy can give surprisingly substantial results when using portable but reliable instrumentation. In this work, pigment characterization was carried out on twenty-one Leonardesque paintings applying in situ XRF and FORS analyses. In-depth data evaluation allowed to get information on the colour palette and the painting technique of the different authors and workshops. Particular attention was paid to green pigments (for which a deeper study of possible pigments and alterations was performed with FORS analyses), flesh tones (for which a comparison with available data from cross sections was made) and ground preparation. Keywords pXRF, FORS, pigments, Leonardo’s workshop, Italian Renaissance INTRODUCTION “Tristo è quel discepolo che non ava[n]za il suo maestro” - Poor is the pupil who does not surpass his master - Leonardo da Vinci, Libro di Pittura, about 1493 1. 1 The influence of Leonardo on his peers during his activity in Milan (1482-1499 and 1506/8-1512/3) has been deep and a multitude of painters is grouped under the name of leonardeschi , but it is necessary to distinguish between his direct pupils and those who adopted his manner, fascinated by his works even outside his circle. -
Martin Kemp MA, D
Martin Kemp MA, D. LITT, FBA, FRSE, HRSA, HRIAS, FRSSU Curriculum Vitae: Summary Education Windsor Grammar School 1960-3 Downing College, Cambridge University (Part I, Natural Sciences, Part II History of Art) 1963-5 Academic Diploma in the History of Western Art, Courtauld Institute Appointments and Activities a. Teaching and Research Posts, and Visiting Professorships etc 1965-1966 Lecturer in the History of Fine Art, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada 1966-1981 Lecturer in the History or Fine Art, University of Glasgow 1981-1990 Professor of Fine Arts, University of St. Andrews 1984-1985 Member of Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton 1990-1995 Professor of the History and Theory of Art, St. Andrews 1987-1988 Slade Professor, University of Cambridge 1988 Benjamin Sonenberg Visiting Professor, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University 1993 Dorothy Ford Wiley Visiting Professor in Renaissance Culture, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 1993-1998 British Academy Wolfson Research Professor 1995-1997 Professor of the History of Art, Oxford University 2000 Louise Smith Brosse Professor at the University of Chicago 2001 Research Fellow, Getty Institute, Los Angeles 2004 Mellon Senior Research Fellow, Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal 2007-2008 Research Professor in the History of Art, Oxford University 2008- Emeritus Professor in the History of Art, Oxford University 2010 Lila Wallace - Reader’s Digest Visiting Professor, I Tatti, Harvard University b. Invited lectures Britain and Ireland (various), America (Ann -
Newsletter Nov 2015
Leonardo da Vinci Society Newsletter Editor: Matthew Landrus Issue 42, November 2015 Recent and forthcoming events did this affect the science of anatomy? This talk discusses the work of Leonardo da Vinci, The Annual General Meeting and Annual Vesalius and Fabricius and looks at how the Lecture 2016 nature of the new art inspired and shaped a new wave of research into the structure of the Professor Andrew Gregory (University College, human body and how such knowledge was London), will offer the Annual Lecture on Friday, transmitted in visual form. This ultimately 13 May at 6 pm. The lecture, entitled, ‘Art and led to a revolution in our under-standing of Anatomy in the 15th & 16th Centuries’ will be anatomy in the late 16th and early 17th centu- at the Kenneth Clark Lecture Theatre of the ries. Courtauld Institute of Art (Somerset House, The Strand). Before the lecture, at 5:30 pm, the annual Lectures and Conference Proceedings general meeting will address matters arising with the Society. Leonardo in Britain: Collections and Reception Venue: Birkbeck College, The National Gallery, The Warburg Institute, London Date: 25-27 May 2016 Organisers: Juliana Barone (Birkbeck, London) and Susanna Avery-Quash (National Gallery) Tickets: Available via the National Gallery’s website: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/whats- on/calendar/leonardo-in-britain-collections-and- reception With a focus on the reception of Leonardo in Britain, this conference will explore the important role and impact of Leonardo’s paintings and drawings in key British private and public collec- tions; and also look at the broader British context of the reception of his art and science by address- ing selected manuscripts and the first English editions of his Treatise on Painting, as well as historiographical approaches to Leonardo. -
Chiara Matteucci Department of Cultural Heritage – University of Bologna
Reflecting on fundamental issues of attributional method (Taking Leonardo da Vinci and his school as a paradigm) Chiara Matteucci Department of Cultural Heritage – University of Bologna Authentication in Art (AiA), Congress 11-13 May 2016 Nowadays diagnostic technologies have allowed to expant the number of characteristic properties detectable in a painting, such as the techniques used and the modus operandi of an artist, narrowing the field to those issues that are more difficult to fake. In this view, the diagnostic analyses for the attribution and authentication provide information, as obje ctive as possible, which, however, need a broader interpretation that integrate them in a historical context. In order to do so, it is also essential to keep an "ethos of transparence and verifiability [...] guaranteeing intersubjectivity of mutual communication"1. We should consider attributional studies as evolving as a construction/deconstruction process: experts should therefore be prepared to questioning their views, if new documents or material elements are discovered that raise doubts about their initial thesis2. In addition, the inevitable, but known and therefore graspable, "confirmation bias"3 should be taken into account, which, acting either in positive or negative ways, directs the subject engaged in connoisseurship towards the exclusive primary research of compatible elements or, on the contrary, the exclusive consideration of factors that are not congruent. As known, the current practice of attribution accepted both in the legal field and for commercial use is based on three key lines4: connoisseurship, or visual inspection by a knowing eye5, provenance studies and scientific investigations (Figure 1). The latter are currently used primarily as support for the expert's decision. -
A Multidisciplinary Study of the Tongerlo Last Supper 0722
A Multidisciplinary Study of the Tongerlo Last Supper and its attribution to Leonardo da Vinci’s Second Milanese studio Jean-Pierre Isbouts, Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, CA, and Christopher Brown, Brown Discoveries, LLC, North Carolina This article presents the findings from a two-year study of the Last Supper canvas in the Abbey of Tongerlo, Belgium, including a detailed review of its provenance as well as a digital analysis and multispectral study conducted by the Belgian company IMEC in the Spring of 2019. The design of the study is a composite multidisciplinary approach, with traditional connoisseurship and literary research being augmented by scientific examination, using new digital processing and multispectral imaging techniques. The article argues that based on the available evidence, the Tongerlo Last Supper was produced in Leonardo’s Milanese workshop between 1507 and 1509, as a collaborative project involving the Leonardeschi Giampietrino, Andrea Solario and Marco d’Oggiono under Leonardo’s supervision. Furthermore, the infrared spectography scans suggest that the face of John in the painting may have been painted by Leonardo himself. The study was funded by IMEC Belgium; Fielding Graduate University of Santa Barbara, CA; Brown Discoveries, LLC of North Carolina, and conducted with the gracious permission of the Premonstratensian Abbey of Tongerlo, Belgium. Key words: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519); Last Supper; Technical Art History; Multispectral Imaging; the art of the Leonardeschi. Fig. 1. Studio of Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper (after Leonardo), known as the Tongerlo copy, 1507-1509. Introduction For the last 450 years, the Tongerlo canvas of the Last Supper has been quietly occupying a wall in a chapel on the grounds of the Premonstratensian Abbey of Tongerlo near Westerlo, about an hour’s drive from the Belgian city of Antwerp. -
Amultidisciplinary Study of the Tongerlo Last Supper
MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF THE TONGERLO ALAST SUPPER AND ITS ATTRIBUTION TO LEONARDO DA VINCI’S SECOND MILANESE STUDIO Jean-Pierre Isbouts* Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Christopher H. Brown Brown Discoveries, LLC, North Carolina, USA Keywords: Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper, Multispectral Imaging, Leonardeschi 1. Introduction For the last 450 years, a remarkably accurate copy of Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper has been quietly slumbering in the Premonstratensian Abbey of Tongerlo near Westerlo, less than an hour’s drive from the Belgian city of Antwerp (Figure 1). Its relatively remote location may explain why up to this time, the work has largely escaped broad scholarly attention. In his extensive 2001 monograph Leonardo’s In- cessant Last Supper, which analyzes some fifty 16th century copies of the Last Sup- per, Leo Steinberg only devotes a single page to the work, arguing that “there is no further reason to date the Tongerlo copy in Leonardo’s lifetime.” However, in the fol- lowing paragraph, the author admits that this work, together with the Certosa copy at London’s Royal Academy of Arts, “are now said to be our most accurate copies.” In sum, Steinberg concludes, “given its size, its high quality, and general accuracy, the Tongerlo copy ranks with the finest surviving testimonies to the near-lost Leonardo (original)” [1]. This highly ambivalent judgment is typical for the way modern critics have ap- proached the Tongerlo painting. While very few historians have actually seen the work and praised its remarkable quality, none have dared to associate its verisimilitude with Leonardo’s Milanese workshop. -
JILL PEDERSON Department of Visual and Performing Arts Arcadia University 450 S
JILL PEDERSON Department of Visual and Performing Arts Arcadia University 450 S. Easton Road, Glenside, PA 19038 [email protected] 202.341.3431 EDUCATION Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 2008 Department of the History of Art Dissertation: “The Academia Leonardi Vinci: Visualizing Dialectic in Renaissance Milan, 1480 –1499” Advisors: Stephen Campbell and Charles Dempsey Fulbright Scholar, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, 2004 – 2005 Scuola di Specializzazione in Storia dell'Arte M.A., George Washington University, Washington, DC, 1999 Department of Art History Thesis: “Caterina Cornaro: Re-envisioning the Queen of Cyprus and Her Artistic Patronage” B.A., Colorado College, Colorado Springs, 1995, Cum Laude, Department Honors, with Distinction Art Department Thesis: “José Clemente Orozco: The Mexican Muralist at Dartmouth College” EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Academic Positions Arcadia University, Glenside, PA Chair, Department of Visual and Performing Arts, August 2020 – present Associate Professor of Art History, spring 2018 – present Assistant Professor of Art History, fall 2011 – fall 2017 Co-Director, Minor in Arts Entrepreneurship and Curatorial Studies, fall 2015 – present Catholic University of America, Washington, DC Visiting Lecturer, Department of Art, 2010 – 2011 Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO Visiting Instructor, Art Department, 2003, 2006, 2007 Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD Instructor, Charles S. Singleton Center for Italian Studies, Villa Spelman, 2004 Instructor, Dean’s Teaching Fellowship, 2003 Museum and Gallery Positions The National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC Postdoctoral Research Associate, Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, 2007 – 2010 Assistant to the Program of Research, Center for the Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, 1998 – 2000 Pederson 2 PUBLICATIONS Books Leonardo, Bramante, and the ‘Academia’: Art and Friendship in Fifteenth-Century Milan, Renovatio Artium: Harvey Miller Studies in the Arts of the Renaissance, edited by Lorenzo Pericolo (Tournhout: Brepols Publishers, 2020). -
Salvator Mundi: Why Bernardino Luini Should Be Back in the Frame the Art Newspaper Invites Matthew Landrus to Expand on His Theo
AiA Art News-service Photo: VCG Wilson/Corbis via Getty Images Salvator Mundi: Why Bernardino Luini should be back in the frame MATTHEW LANDRUS The Art Newspaper invites Matthew Landrus to expand on his theory on attribution to Leonardo and studio 3rd September 2018 09:00 GMT Matthew Landrus’s view on the contribution of Bernardino Luini to the Abu Dhabi Salvator Mundi was recently revealed in the Guardian (6 August). The Art Newspaper invited Landrus to expand on his theory and tell us why the picture should rightly be attributed to Leonardo and studio Bernardino Luini: Christ among the Doctors (around 1510-22) Holwell Carr Bequest The Louvre Abu Dhabi’s Salvator Mundi—which I believe is by Leonardo da Vinci and his studio—is best understood in the context of the picture’s early copies and similar paintings. Ludwig Heydenreich’s 1964 essay remains the most comprehensive treatment of Leonardo-related Salvator Mundis, which he claims were initiated by a Leonardo cartoon (a large-scale preparatory drawing), rather than an original painting. This view still lies at the heart of the debate about whether any of the Salvator Mundi variants can be attributed wholesale to Leonardo. As part of a critical appraisal, a lengthier study would address the studio context with historical research, connoisseurship and technical and scientific analyses. I offer here notes on Leonardo’s studio, taken from a forthcoming essay (though not addressed in my newly updated book on Leonardo). Although Leonardo received assistance from painters and apprentices from as early as 1483, he is traditionally the only author, or the primary author, of many of those projects. -
Painting Practice in Milan in the 1490S: the Influence of Leonardo
National Gallery Technical Bulletin volume 32 Leonardo da Vinci: Pupil, Painter and Master National Gallery Company London Distributed by Yale University Press TB32 prelims exLP 10.8.indd 1 12/08/2011 14:40 This edition of the Technical Bulletin has been funded by the American Friends of the National Gallery, London with a generous donation from Mrs Charles Wrightsman Series editor: Ashok Roy Photographic credits © National Gallery Company Limited 2011 All photographs reproduced in this Bulletin are © The National Gallery, London unless credited otherwise below. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including BRISTOL photocopy, recording, or any storage and retrieval system, without © Photo The National Gallery, London / By Permission of Bristol City prior permission in writing from the publisher. Museum & Art Gallery: fig. 1, p. 79. Articles published online on the National Gallery website FLORENCE may be downloaded for private study only. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence © Galleria deg li Uffizi, Florence / The Bridgeman Art Library: fig. 29, First published in Great Britain in 2011 by p. 100; fig. 32, p. 102. © Soprintendenza Speciale per il Polo Museale National Gallery Company Limited Fiorentino, Gabinetto Fotografico, Ministero per i Beni e le Attività St Vincent House, 30 Orange Street Culturali: fig. 1, p. 5; fig. 10, p. 11; fig. 13, p. 12; fig. 19, p. 14. © London WC2H 7HH Soprintendenza Speciale per il Polo Museale Fiorentino, Gabinetto Fotografico, Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali / Photo Scala, www.nationalgallery. org.uk Florence: fig. 7, p. -
OIL PAINTINGS on STONE and METAL in the SIXTEENTH and SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES a Dissertation Submitted T
MATTER(S) OF IMMORTALITY: OIL PAINTINGS ON STONE AND METAL IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By BRADLEY JAMES CAVALLO AUGUST 2017 Examining Committee Members: Tracy E. Cooper, Advisory Chair, Department of Art History Marcia B. Hall, Department of Art History Ashley D. West, Department of Art History Stuart Lingo, University of Washington © Copyright 2017 by Bradley James Cavallo All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the preponderance of scholarship examining oil paintings made on stone slabs or metal sheets in Western Europe during the early modern period (fifteenth–eighteenth centuries) had settled on an interpretation of these artworks as artifacts of an elite taste that sought objects for inclusion in private collections of whatever was rare, curious, exquisite, or ingenious. In a cabinet of curiosities, naturalia formed by nature and artificialia made by man all complemented each other as demonstrations of marvelous things (mirabilia). Certainly small-scale paintings on stone or metal exhibited amidst these kinds of rarities aided in aggrandizing a noble or bourgeois collector’s social prestige. As well, they might have derived their interest as collectables because of the painter’s fame or increased capacity for miniaturization on copper plates, or because the painter left a slab of lapis lazuli, for example, partially uncovered to reveal its visually arresting stratigraphy or coloration. Nonetheless, while the lithic and metallic supports might have added value to the oil paintings it was not thought to add meaning. -
Leonardo Da Vinci Society Newsletter, Emeritus Professor Francis Ames-Lewis, 52, Prebend Gardens, London W6 0XU; Tel
Leonardo da Vinci Society Newsletter editor: Francis Ames-Lewis Issue 30, May 2008 Recent and forthcoming events The Annual General Meeting and Annual Lecture, 2008. The Society’s Annual General Meeting was held The three-dimensional diagrams to show on Friday 9 May 2008 at 5.30 pm, in the Kenneth possible interpretations of the perspective scheme Clark Lecture Theatre at the Courtauld Institute of of the Last Supper (again from the 1989 Art, Somerset House, and was followed by the exhibition) hinted at the usefulness of this kind of Annual Lecture at 6.00 pm. We are as ever very thing for research. At this point Dr Criminisi grateful to the Courtauld Institute for their stepped in to explain his Computer Vision (CV) generous hospitality of this event. This year’s program, which was originally designed to give Annual Lecture was given jointly by Dr Antonio possible three-dimensional interpretations of Criminisi (Microsoft Research Ltd, Cambridge, photographs, but can also be used on works of art. UK) and Professor Martin Kemp (University of The program works by modelling the projective Oxford) on ‘The Appliance of Science: computer relationship between points in the 2-D image and vision and the analysis of space in Italian and those in the 3-D object that is represented in the Netherlandish paintings’. picture. It handles coordinates of points and Dr J.V. Field writes: The speakers took makes no assumptions whatsoever about turns, each discussing the parts in which he was regularities without explicit sanction from the the expert. The result was a lively account of a user. -
The Absolute Leonardo
The Absolute Leonardo Review of: The Lives of Leonardo, ed. Thomas Frangenberg and Rodney Palmer, Warburg Institute Colloquia, ed. Charles Burnett and Jill Kraye, London: The Warburg Institute and Turin: Nino Aragno Editore, 2013. 266 pp. + b&w illustrations. £50.00. ISBN 978-1-908590-044-2. Claire Farago There are many possible ways to frame a volume dedicated to studying Leonardo’s biography. The approach taken here, the result of a symposium held in September 2006 organized by volume co-editor Rodney Palmer, is to begin with the genre of biography itself. Specifically, Vasari’s Life of Leonardo serves as ground zero in the historical narrative comprised of twelve chapters and a substantive introduction arranged in roughly chronological order of the evidence discussed. The Introduction by co-editor Thomas Frangenberg draws attention to the role that fiction plays in Vasari’s account. Frangenberg’s main interest is to establish the ‘truth value’ of Vasari’s history by surveying the writer’s use of sources. Frangenberg focuses on Paolo Giovio’s short life of Leonardo, written in Latin before 1524 and widely acknowledged to be one of Vasari’s sources even though it was not printed until the eighteenth century (1781). The central theme of the book, as argued in Frangenberg’s opening gambit, is that the legacy of Vasari’s Lives is complex and ambivalent because, on the one hand, it is composed of fictional anecdotes; but on the other hand, it is based on a highly reliable source almost contemporary with Leonardo’s lifetime. The convergence of the mythic and the individual, biography as fiction and biography as history, has been a topic of research and discussion since the beginning of the twentieth century.