DOCSLIB.ORG

Pdfamicus Brief College Athlete Advocates

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pdfamicus Brief College Athlete Advocates No. 20-255 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States ———— MAHANOY AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT, Petitioner, v. B.L., A MINOR, BY AND THROUGH HER FATHER LAWRENCE LEVY AND HER MOTHER BETTY LOU LEVY, Respondents. ———— On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ———— BRIEF AMICUS CURIAE OF COLLEGE ATHLETE ADVOCATES IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENTS ———— JUSTIN MARCEAU Counsel of Record UNIVERSITY OF DENVER, STURM COLLEGE OF LAW 2255 E. Evans Avenue Denver, CO 80210 (617) 256-9073 [email protected] Counsel for Amicus Curiae March 31, 2021 WILSON-EPES PRINTING CO., INC. – (202) 789-0096 – WASHINGTON, D. C. 20002 QUESTION PRESENTED Can a public school, college or university discipline a student for speech outside of school grounds or events, merely because the speech is about the school and might provoke other students to disagree? (i) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page QUESTION PRESENTED .................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................... iii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................ v INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE ..................... 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ............................. 2 ARGUMENT ........................................................ 3 I. THE COURT WILL BE DETERMINING THE RIGHTS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS AS WELL AS K-12 STUDENTS................. 4 II. ATHLETES HAVE OFTEN USED THEIR VOICES IN THE VANGUARD OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL MOVE- MENTS ...................................................... 8 III. ATHLETES NEED ASSURANCE THEY CAN ENGAGE IN SAFETY- MOTIVATED WHISTLEBLOWING WITHOUT FEAR OF RETRIBUTION .... 12 IV. THE RULE SET BY THE COURT WILL AFFECT NOT JUST SOCIAL MEDIA SPEECH, BUT ALL OFF-CAMPUS SPEECH, INCLUDING LAWSUITS AND TESTIMONY ................................... 21 V. BEING DEPRIVED OF PARTICIPA- TION IN SPORTS OR OTHER EXTRA- CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IS A LIFE- CHANGING LOSS, THE RISK OF WHICH WILL INHIBIT SPEECH .......... 24 (iii) iv TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page VI. CONDITIONING ELIGIBILITY FOR SPORTS ON WAIVING FIRST AMEND- MENT RIGHTS WOULD VIOLATE THE “UNCONSTITUTIONAL CONDI- TIONS” DOCTRINE ................................. 27 CONCLUSION .................................................... 31 v TABLE OF AUTHORITIES CASES Page(s) Agency for Int’l Dev. v. Alliance for Open Society Int’l, Inc., 570 U.S. 205 (2013) ................................... 28-29 Alabama Student Party v. Student Government Ass’n, 867 F. 2d 1344 (11th Cir. 1989) ................ 6 Bethel Area Sch. Dist. v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986) ................................... 5 Dariano v. Morgan Hill Unified Sch. Dist., 767 F. 3d 764 (9th Cir. 2014) .................... 23 Doe v. Alvey, No. 1:20-CV-410. 2021 WL 1099593 (S.D. Ohio Mar. 23, 2021) .......... 5 Doninger v. Niehoff, 527 F. 3d 41 (2d Cir. 2008) ....................... 21 Eisner v. Stamford Board of Educ., 440 F. 2d 803 (2d Cir. 1971) ..................... 23 Hartzell v. Connell, 679 P.2d 35 (Cal. 1994) (en banc) ............. 27 Hazelwood Sch. Dist. v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988) ................................... 4-5 Hunt v. Bd. of Regents of Univ. of N.M., 792 Fed.Appx. 595 (10th Cir. 2019) ......... 7 Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management Dist., 570 U.S. 595 (2013) ................................... 28 Lee v. Macon County Bd. of Educ., 283 F. Supp. 194 (M.D. Ala. 1968) ........... 27 vi TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued Page(s) Liverman v. City of Petersburg, 844 F. 3d 400, 408 (4th Cir. 2016) ............................ 30 Radwan v. Univ. of Conn., 465 F. Supp. 3d 75 (D. Conn. 2020) ......... 5 Reno v. ACLU, 521 U.S. 844 (1997) ................................... 21 Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398 (1963) ................................... 25 State ex rel. Dresser v. Dist. Bd. of Sch. Dist. No. 1, 116 N.W. 232 (Wis. 1908) ......................... 18 Sullivan v. Houston Indep. Sch. Dist., 475 F. 2d 1071 (5th Cir. 1973) .................. 23 Tinker v. Des Moines Indep. Cmty. Sch. Dist., 393 U.S. 503 (1969) .......................... 4, 21-23, 31 United States v. O’Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968) ................................... 31 OTHER AUTHORITIES Aleza Lardieri, Study: College Students’ Confidence in 1st Amendment Security Decreases, U.S. News & World Rep. (Mar. 12, 2018) .................................................... 7 Anemona Hartocollis, Students Punished for ‘Vulgar’ Social Media Posts Are Fighting Back, N.Y. Times (Feb. 5, 2021) .. 6 vii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued Page(s) Barrett Sallee, Iowa splits with strength coach Chris Doyle after allegations of racial disparity, CBS Sports (Jun. 15, 2020) .......................................................... 14 Brendan Prunty, Mike Rice fired at Rutgers after abusive behavior on practice tapes comes to light, The Star Ledger (Apr. 3, 2013) .......................................................... 14 Brent Schrotenboer, NCAA moves forward with historic reforms for athletes on name, image and likeness, as well as transfers, USA Today (Oct. 14, 2020) ....... 9 Brianna J. Schroeder, Power Imbalances in College Athletics and an Exploited Stand- ard: Is Title IX Dead?, 43 Val. U. L. Rev. 1483 (2009) ................................................ 15 Dana Huninger Benbow, Toxic abuse alleged inside Purdue-Fort Wayne women’s bas- ketball: ‘It was brutal’, Indianapolis Star (Jan. 20, 2021) ........................................... 13 Dana O’Neil, A game that should not be forgotten, ESPN.com (Dec. 13, 2012) ....... 8 Deborah L. Brake, Going Outside Title IX to Keep Coach-Athlete Relationships in Bounds, 22 Marq. Sports L. Rev. 395 (2012) ......................................................... 15 viii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued Page(s) Eva Oberle et al., Screen time and extra- curricular activities as risk and protective factors for mental health in adolescence: A population-level study, Preventive Medicine, Dec. 2020 .................................. 27 Frank D. LoMonte, The Key Word Is Student: Hazelwood Censorship Crashes the Ivy-Covered Gates, 11 First Amend. L. Rev. 305 (2013) .......................................... 5 Frank D. LoMonte & Virginia Hamrick, Running the Full-Court Press: How College Athletic Departments Unlawfully Restrict Athletes’ Rights to Speak to the News Media, 99 Neb. L. Rev. 86 (2020) ... 24 Ilana Kowarski, How Colleges Weigh Applicants’ Extracurricular Activities, U.S. News & World Rep. (Oct. 25, 2018) .......... 26 James Bruggers, ‘This Was Preventable’: Football Heat Deaths and the Rising Temperature, Inside Climate News (July 20, 2018) .................................................... 16 James Dator, A comprehensive timeline of the Larry Nassar case, SBNation (Feb. 26, 2021) .................................................... 13 Kerry Sheridan, The College Football Game That Put A Dent In Desegregation, NPR.org (Nov. 30, 2019) ........................... 8-9 Lindsey Wisniewski, Sedona Prince inspired to lead the change in empowering women in sports, NBC Sports (Mar. 21, 2021) ..... 20 ix TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued Page(s) Lyrissa Barnett Lidsky & Linda Riedemann Norbut, Considering the Context of Online Threats, 106 Calif. L. Rev. 1885 (2018) .... 12 Marisa Kwiatkowski & Tricia L. Nadolny, Cheerleading has a list of people banned from the sport. It was missing 74 con- victed sex offenders, USA Today (Sept. 18, 2020) .................................................... 14 Meggen Lindsay, Tinker Goes to College: Why High School Free-Speech Standards Should Not Apply to Post-Secondary Students, 38 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 1470 (2012) ......................................................... 4 Nat’l Ctr. for Educ. Stats., The Condition of Education (2012), https://nces.ed.gov/pro grams/coe/analysis/2012-section3.asp. ..... 26 Nicholas A. Palumbo, Protecting Access to Extracurricular Activities: The Need to Recognize a Fundamental Right to a Min- imally Adequate Education, 2004 B.Y.U. Educ. & L.J. 393 (2004) ............................ 26 Philip Bump, How the Missouri football team took down its university’s president, Wash. Post (Nov. 9, 2015) ......................... 10 Rhiannon Walker, High school football players following Kaepernick’s lead, The Undefeated (Sept. 15, 2016) ..................... 10 x TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued Page(s) Rick Maese & Keith L. Alexander, Report on Maryland football culture cites prob- lems but stops short of ‘toxic’ label, The Washington Post, Oct. 25, 2018 ............... 15 Scott Raab, The Wrestler, Esquire (Feb. 23, 2021) .......................................................... 13 Shaun R. Harper, White NCAA Coaches Profit Off Black Players, Hartford Courant (Mar. 14, 2018) .......................................... 11 Stephen Sawchuk, Schools Teach Civics. Do They Model It?, Educ. Week (May 7, 2019) .......................................................... 7 T.F. Charlton, Why do athletes tolerate abusive coaches?, Salon (Apr. 6, 2013) ..... 15 Theresa Vargas, A high school football team told adults they were spat on and called the n-word. Nothing changed until a player posted, ‘enough is enough!’, Wash. Post (Mar. 20, 2021) ...................... 17 1 BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE AND IDENTITY OF AMICI CURIAE1 The collective term “College Athlete Advocates” refers to the following individuals and organizations who are signatories to this brief. They share in common a familiarity with, and concern for, the ability of students participating in competitive sports to make themselves heard – safely, without fear of reprisal – on issues of public concern, including
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amicus Brief
    Nos. 20-512 & 20-520 In The Supreme Court of the United States ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION, Petitioner, v. SHAWNE ALSTON, ET AL., Respondents. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- AMERICAN ATHLETIC CONFERENCE, ET AL., Petitioners, v. SHAWNE ALSTON, ET AL. Respondents. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- On Writs Of Certiorari To The United States Court Of Appeals For The Ninth Circuit ----------------------------------------------------------------------- BRIEF OF GEORGIA, ALABAMA, ARKANSAS, MISSISSIPPI, MONTANA, NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND SOUTH DAKOTA AS AMICI CURIAE SUPPORTING PETITIONERS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- CHRISTOPHER M. CARR Attorney General of Georgia ANDREW A. PINSON Solicitor General Counsel of Record ROSS W. B ERGETHON Deputy Solicitor General DREW F. W ALDBESER Assistant Solicitor General MILES C. SKEDSVOLD ZACK W. L INDSEY Assistant Attorneys General OFFICE OF THE GEORGIA ATTORNEY GENERAL 40 Capitol Square, SW Atlanta, Georgia 30334 (404) 458-3409 [email protected] i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Contents ................................................. i Table of Authorities ............................................. ii Interests of Amici Curiae .................................... 1 Summary of the Argument .................................. 3 Argument ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Astros' Sign-Stealing Scandal
    The Astros’ Sign-Stealing Scandal Major League Baseball (MLB) fosters an extremely competitive environment. Tens of millions of dollars in salary (and endorsements) can hang in the balance, depending on whether a player performs well or poorly. Likewise, hundreds of millions of dollars of value are at stake for the owners as teams vie for World Series glory. Plus, fans, players and owners just want their team to win. And everyone hates to lose! It is no surprise, then, that the history of big-time baseball is dotted with cheating scandals ranging from the Black Sox scandal of 1919 (“Say it ain’t so, Joe!”), to Gaylord Perry’s spitter, to the corked bats of Albert Belle and Sammy Sosa, to the widespread use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) in the 1990s and early 2000s. Now, the Houston Astros have joined this inglorious list. Catchers signal to pitchers which type of pitch to throw, typically by holding down a certain number of fingers on their non-gloved hand between their legs as they crouch behind the plate. It is typically not as simple as just one finger for a fastball and two for a curve, but not a lot more complicated than that. In September 2016, an Astros intern named Derek Vigoa gave a PowerPoint presentation to general manager Jeff Luhnow that featured an Excel-based application that was programmed with an algorithm. The algorithm was designed to (and could) decode the pitching signs that opposing teams’ catchers flashed to their pitchers. The Astros called it “Codebreaker.” One Astros employee referred to the sign- stealing system that evolved as the “dark arts.”1 MLB rules allowed a runner standing on second base to steal signs and relay them to the batter, but the MLB rules strictly forbade using electronic means to decipher signs.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Lewis Yocum J U L Y 2 0 1 3
    PBATS.COM S P E C I A L P O I N T S O F TALES OF THE TAPE INTEREST: DR. LEWIS YOCUM J U L Y 2 0 1 3 DR. LEWIS YOCUM— LOS ANGLES ANGELS OF DR. LEWIS YOCUM ANAHEIM DR. LEWIS YOCUM— “He was a dear friend and mentor. We both FAMILY and started together in 1978 and had been together for 36 FRIENDS years. One of our best moments was the 2002 World th DR. LEWIS Championship during our 25 year together. YOCUM— PBATS PRES- Dr. Yocum was a family man, humble, a gentleman, IDENTS witty, had a dry sense of humor, dedicated, honest, sin- DR. LEWIS cere, grateful and always looked after the best interests YOCUM— of his patients no matter who they were. PBATS HALL OF FAME We were both “foodies” and loved chasing great restau- rants, food, cigars. When we had dinner together (and we had many) we almost always talked about our fami- lies, friends, food, and our travels. INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Dr. Yocum always had time for everyone from the owner of the team, a summer intern, a bat boy, or another physician. ADAM NEVALA 2 DON YOCUM 3 He was a brilliant surgeon but almost always preferred to take the con- servative route with therapy, prehab, rehab, and exercise programs. SUE O’DRISCOLL 3 He was the best teacher I ever had and was always willing to share his PAST PBATS PRESI- 4-6 DENTS knowledge, wisdom, and expertise. RICHIE BANCELLS 5 He was always very proud of the educational values and opportunities that PBATS made available and also what PBATS stood for.
    [Show full text]
  • Questions and Answers (Q&A)
    QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (Q&A) 17.1.0 SCHOOL YEAR Q&A: When do the WIAA rules take effect? The school year begins on August 1 and ends the first day following the spring sports tournaments. 17.2.2 IN-SEASON Q&A-1: My team did not qualify for postseason playoffs. How long can we continue to practice as a team with our coach? The season concludes with the final day of the state event in for that sport. Even though the team did not qualify, your coach could continue to coach your team until the conclusion of the state tournament for that sport. Q&A-2: Our basketball team is planning to play in a summer basketball tournament on the Sunday after the spring tournaments. With the impending weather reports, the state softball tournament may be postponed until after that date. Will our coach violate the out-of-season rule if she coaches us on Sunday, even though the softball tournament may not be completed? NO. Coaches cannot be responsible for the spring tournament being postponed due to inclement weather. 17.3.4 ALTERNATE SEASON CONTESTS Q&A: Our league plays girls tennis in the fall, but we would like to hold the final district qualifying event one week prior to the state tournament. Is it ok for our team to begin practice 20 school days prior to the district qualifying tournament? NO. Your team may begin practice twenty (20) days prior to the first day of the state tournament, with any contests held only after ten (10) practices have been completed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Athletic Director Survival Guide Kevin M. Bryant, CMAA
    The Athletic Director Survival Guide Kevin M. Bryant, CMAA KEVIN BRYANT | 73 Dedication I dedicate this Survival Guide to the following people without which this project would have never seen the light of day. To ‘my person” Sara Ann Bryant, your love and belief in me have often been the difference in my personal success and failure. Thank you for living out God’s love for me in such practical daily ways. In my marriage to you I definitely “out punted my coverage” in winning your heart. To my dearest children Michael, Julie Ann, Megan and Katherine. I have felt your love for me as real as the Oregon rain. Thank you for your encouragement to “finish the race” by following through on this book and my dreams. To the athletic directors, past, present and future in the state of Oregon, you are my inspiration and motivation. Thank you for loving, challenging and encouraging the students, coaches and community members around your athletic program. You are daily difference makers and my hero’s. To Marshall Haskins of the Portland Interscholastic League. Thank you for believing in me and for being my first client. I shall never forget you! To the many people who have had influence in my life (coaches, bosses, close friends, colleagues) your encouragement, challenge, friendship and care have influenced me. Thanks for your belief in me that has led to my best work. The Athletic Director Survival Guide Table of Contents Dedication Preface 1. I have the title Athletic Director, now what? 2. No Surprises 3. Builder or maintainer? 1 4.
    [Show full text]
  • State and District Promotional Toolkit (Pdf)
    RESOURCES AND TIPS FOR ADVOCACY OF THE ATHLETIC TRAINING PROFESSION AT THE LOCAL, STATE AND DISTRICT LEVEL. The purpose of this toolkit is to equip state and district athletic trainers’ associations with resources and knowledge to effectively promote At Your Own Risk and advocate for change in their communities through improving awareness of risk and the athletic trainers’ role in risk mitigation. At Your Own Risk is a public awareness campaign for athletic trainers developed by NATA. The mission of At Your Own Risk is to educate, provide resources and equip the public to act and advocate for safety in work, life and sport. Project goals for this initiative include: 1. Create ambassadors for the athletic training profession and for causes championed by athletic trainers. 2. Reinforce the athletic trainer’s position as an authority in athlete safety. 3. Clearly define how key stakeholders can get involved to impact change and improve safety for the physically active athlete and/or worker, given their area(s) of influence. Based on the findings of the 2015 “Athletic Training Services in Public Secondary Schools: A Benchmark Study” which showed that only 37% of public high schools have a full time athletic trainer, secondary schools are the primary emphasis for At Your Own Risk. Key stakeholders for this group include student athletes, parents, school administrators, risk managers and legislators. Over the next 3 years, At Your Own Risk will be rolled out to other settings and stakeholder groups including occupational health, military and the college and university setting. These resources serve as great tools for your association and your members to engage with and educate the public on issues relevant to the athletic training profession.
    [Show full text]
  • SA Handbook 2020 21 .Pdf
    2020-2021 ATHLETIC STAFF DIRECTORY Regis University Department of Intercollegiate Athletics 3333Regis Blvd F20 Denver, CO 80221 Main Number: 303-458-4070 Administration David Spafford Assistant VP & Director 303-964-6648 Kate Whalen Assoc AD for Compliance/SWA 303-458-4071 Andy Wheeler Assoc AD /Student Services 303-964-6401 William Lee Asst AD External Relations 303-964-5106 Philip Piech Asst AD Facilities 303-964-6893 Gabby Edwards Administrative Coordinator 303-458-4368 Jim Seibert Faculty Athletic Representative 303-458-4102 Sports Information Jake Brantley Sports Information Director 303-458-4052 Sports Medicine Alex Curry Head Athletic Trainer 303-458-4992 Strength & Conditioning Kayla Hooker Head S&C Coach 303-964-6794 Coaching Staff Baseball Drew LaComb Head Coach 303-458-3519 Men's Basketball Brady Bergeson Head Coach 303-964-6311 Women's Basketball Molly Marrin Head Coach 303-964-5334 M&W Cross Country John Esquibel Head Coach 303-458-4392 M&W Golf Matt Higgins Head Coach 303-458-4317 Women's Lacrosse Sarah Kellner Head Coach 303-964-3681 Men's Soccer Tony McCall Head Coach 303-458-4200 Women's Soccer TBD Head Coach 303-458-4981 Softball Nicole Thompson Head Coach 303-458-4307 Volleyball Joel List Head Coach 303-458-4054 7 2020-2021 ACADEMIC CALENDAR FALL 2020 Classes Begin Aug. 24, 2020 Add/Drop Ends Sep. 3, 2019 Labor Day (Regis closed) Sep. 3, 2020 Mass of the Holy Spirit (10:50a.m. classes will not meet) Sep. 10, 2020 Fall Faculty Conference (No Classes) Oct. 9, 2020 Mid-Semester Break (No Classes) Oct 12-13, 2020 Thanksgiving Holiday (No Class Wed.
    [Show full text]
  • Injuries and Illnesses in the Women's National
    INJURIES AND ILLNESSES IN THE WOMEN’S NATIONAL BASKETBALL ASSOCIATION (WNBA) By SHERI L. WALTERS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 Copyright 2003 by Sheri L. Walters ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank the many people who assisted in the completion of my thesis. First, I would like to extend thanks to Laura Ramus, Head Athletic Trainer for the Detroit Shock; Mike Abdenour, Head Athletic Trainer for the Detroit Pistons; and Arnie Kander, Physical Therapist for the Detroit Pistons, for helping me to generate the idea for this project and pointing me in the right direction to get it started. Jamin Dershowitz, NBA and WNBA legal counsel, and Tracey Ellis-Ward, Assistant Director of WNBA Operations, must be recognized for their support of this project. I would also like to thank my parents who have always been there when I needed them. Their love and support have helped to guide me throughout my life and have helped me to obtain the goals that I have set for myself. The guidance and friendship provided to me from Trish Bare-Grounds, Amy Stephenson, and Amiee Gunnoe will never be forgotten. Last, but not least, I would like to thank Dr. MaryBeth Horodyski, who no matter the situation was never more than a cell phone call or page away. The many hours she spent in assisting me in this project and in becoming a better certified athletic trainer are too numerous to count but along with her friendship will not be forgotten.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 CADA Attendee Prospectus
    Games and Prizes! This year we are trying something new! Due to the circumstances, we will be conducting our annual conference virtually using the PheedLoop platform. Pheedloop is an all-in-one platform for virtual events that has extensive opportunities for both attendees and exhibitors to participate and create an all-inclusive experience in ways that we have not seen before. Attendees are encouraged to partici- pate in Pheedloop’s conference Gamification where you can earn points through visiting vendors, completing session streams, within an- nouncements, and on social media that you can later trade in for awesome prizes! We are giving away over a thousand dollars in gift cards to attendees that participate the most in our conference! Exhibitors and sponsors will also be giving away their own prizes to participants throughout the conference. Join us in this year’s new and exciting virtual convention and trade show! Conference Agenda Tuesday, April 27, 2021 9:00 AM - 9:15 AM Welcome attendees and instructions on the virtual conference - Leroy Lopez - President 9:15 AM - 10:15 AM Leadership is a Contact Sport | Cory Dobbs, President, The Academy for Sport Discover how to create a compelling culture that leads to extraordinary results. This talk will provide the athletic director with a framework for radically redesigning the way he or she does athletics. The goal: to get to the next level of greatness depends on the quality of the culture, which depends on the quality of relationships with stakeholders. 10:15 AM - 10:30 AM Time Out - Visit the Exhibitors 10:30 AM - 11:30 AM Coaching for Leadership and Teamwork Intelligence | Cory Dobbs, President, The Academy for Sport Leadership In this workshop, based on over ten years of practical research with college and high school coaches and student-athletes, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • College Bound Guide
    College Bound Guide College Bound Guide NAHL, NA3HL , NAPHL league of opportunity naphl.com nahl.com na3hl.com College Bound Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. NCAA, NJCAA and CIS 2. NCAA HOCKEY 3. FINANCIAL AID AND ATHLETIC AID 4. NCAA ELIGIBILITY CENTER 5. NATIONAL LETTER OF INTENT 6. LINKS FOR MORE INFORMATION College Bound Guide for NAHL, NA3HL and NAPHL The information contained herein is intended for informational purposes only. The North American Hockey League expressly warns readers that information contained herein is subject to change from time-to-time and any such change does not impose an obligation to update the booklet or notify readers. Users of this information are strongly advised to confirm the accuracy of any information at the time of use or reliance with the league’s Coordinator of Player Development. Coordinator of Player Personnel Craig Barnett North American Hockey League [email protected] November 2013 College Bound Guide 1. NCAA, NJCAA and CIS a. NCAA The National Collegiate Athletic Association serves as the athletics governing body for more 1,300 colleges, universities, conferences, and organizations. The national office is Indianapolis, Indiana, but the member colleges and universities develop the rules and guidelines for athletics eligibility and athletics competition for each of the three divisions. The NCAA is committed to the student-athlete and to governing competition in a fair, safe, inclusive and sportsmanlike manner. The NCAA membership includes: • 346 active Division I members; • 291 active Division II members, and: • 439 active Division III members. One of the differences among the three divisions is that colleges and universities in Divisions I and II may offer ATHLETICS SCHOLARSHIPS, while Division III colleges and universities do not.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Work in Professional Basketball: the Responsibilities of Stardom
    Reid A. Warner, p. 1 of 23 GoodWork® Project Report Series, Number 38 Good Work in Professional Basketball: The Responsibilities of Stardom Reid A. Warner June, 2005 Jeff Solomon, Series Editor GoodWork® Project Harvard University COPYRIGHT 2005. All Rights Reserved. Reid A. Warner, p. 2 of 23 ABSTRACT If professional athletics were a true “profession”, the features of Good Work would be clear. Since athletics does not meet the characteristics of a profession, the question arises about whether Good Work is in fact possible in this domain and, if so, on what basis. Focusing specifically on professional basketball, I argue that, while players are not professionally obligated to act as moral individuals, they have cultural and social/societal obligations. Obligations to culture include the expectation that athletes epitomize human goodness, and that they uphold standards not only during competition but also in everyday life. Obligations to society include an expectation that professional basketball players serve as good role models. A morally sound lifestyle is important for meeting the cultural and societal obligations of an athlete, and hence the achievement of Good Work within professional basketball. Reid A. Warner, p. 3 of 23 INTRODUCTION Since the time of Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato, athletes have held a unique place in society. In the original Olympic Games, athletes were idolized as gods. The spirit of the Games revolved around athletes who were regarded as personifications of divine virtue, physique, mental perspicacity, and integrity (Lipsyte, 1999). While professional athletes continue to hold a prominent place in American society, their precise role has become increasingly complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Athletic Trainers in Male Professional Sports
    St. John Fisher College Fisher Digital Publications Sport Management Undergraduate Sport Management Department Spring 2014 Female Athletic Trainers in Male Professional Sports Catie Graf St. John Fisher College Follow this and additional works at: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/sport_undergrad Part of the Sports Management Commons How has open access to Fisher Digital Publications benefited ou?y Recommended Citation Graf, Catie, "Female Athletic Trainers in Male Professional Sports" (2014). Sport Management Undergraduate. Paper 51. Please note that the Recommended Citation provides general citation information and may not be appropriate for your discipline. To receive help in creating a citation based on your discipline, please visit http://libguides.sjfc.edu/citations. This document is posted at https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/sport_undergrad/51 and is brought to you for free and open access by Fisher Digital Publications at St. John Fisher College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Female Athletic Trainers in Male Professional Sports Abstract The number of female athletic trainers is growing fast but there is a small amount present in male professional sports. The topics of harassment, discrimination and work-life balance challenges are talked about as trials female athletic trainers face in the industry. This research looked at why there is a lack of female athletic trainers in male professional sports using the topics of harassment, discrimination and work-life balance as three reasons why this might be. The methodology for this research consisted of sending out surveys to female athletic trainers at the professional and collegiate level. Qualitative data was collected to find a connection between harassment, discrimination, work-life balance and the shortage of female athletic trainers in male professional sports.
    [Show full text]