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Injuries and Illnesses in the Women's National

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Injuries and Illnesses in the Women's National INJURIES AND ILLNESSES IN THE WOMEN’S NATIONAL BASKETBALL ASSOCIATION (WNBA) By SHERI L. WALTERS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 Copyright 2003 by Sheri L. Walters ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank the many people who assisted in the completion of my thesis. First, I would like to extend thanks to Laura Ramus, Head Athletic Trainer for the Detroit Shock; Mike Abdenour, Head Athletic Trainer for the Detroit Pistons; and Arnie Kander, Physical Therapist for the Detroit Pistons, for helping me to generate the idea for this project and pointing me in the right direction to get it started. Jamin Dershowitz, NBA and WNBA legal counsel, and Tracey Ellis-Ward, Assistant Director of WNBA Operations, must be recognized for their support of this project. I would also like to thank my parents who have always been there when I needed them. Their love and support have helped to guide me throughout my life and have helped me to obtain the goals that I have set for myself. The guidance and friendship provided to me from Trish Bare-Grounds, Amy Stephenson, and Amiee Gunnoe will never be forgotten. Last, but not least, I would like to thank Dr. MaryBeth Horodyski, who no matter the situation was never more than a cell phone call or page away. The many hours she spent in assisting me in this project and in becoming a better certified athletic trainer are too numerous to count but along with her friendship will not be forgotten. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem..............................................................................................1 Research Hypotheses....................................................................................................2 Definition of Terms ......................................................................................................4 Assumptions .................................................................................................................6 Limitations....................................................................................................................7 Significance ..................................................................................................................7 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE.......................................................................................9 Definition of Injury.....................................................................................................10 Injury Rates in High School Basketball......................................................................10 Injury Rates in Collegiate Basketball .........................................................................11 Injury Rates in Professional Basketball......................................................................12 Lower Extremity Injuries............................................................................................13 Ankle ...................................................................................................................14 Knee.....................................................................................................................15 Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ................................................................15 Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) .........................................................16 Hamstring ............................................................................................................17 Stress fracture ......................................................................................................18 Other Injuries and Health Concerns ...........................................................................18 Eye.......................................................................................................................19 Illnesses ...............................................................................................................19 Pregnancy ............................................................................................................20 Injury by Position .......................................................................................................20 Time of Injury Occurrence .........................................................................................21 Contributing Factors to Increased Injury Risk in Females .........................................22 Physiological Characteristics......................................................................................23 iv Recommendations for Decreasing the Injury Rate.....................................................24 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................26 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS ...............................................................................27 Subjects.......................................................................................................................27 Instruments .................................................................................................................27 WNBA Injury and Illness Report Form ..............................................................27 Official WNBA Guide and Register....................................................................28 WNBA’s Web Site ..............................................................................................28 Procedures...................................................................................................................28 Design.........................................................................................................................29 Analysis ......................................................................................................................29 4 RESULTS...................................................................................................................31 Accuracy of the Coding..............................................................................................31 Descriptive Analysis...................................................................................................31 Subject Participation............................................................................................31 Injury and Illness Rates .......................................................................................32 Injury and Illness Nature .....................................................................................32 Anatomical Site of Injury ....................................................................................33 Mechanism and Activity at Time of Injury .........................................................37 Injuries and Illnesses by Player Position.............................................................39 Practice versus Game ..........................................................................................40 Injuries by Half of Game.....................................................................................40 Injuries by Time in Season..................................................................................40 Days Missed From Basketball.............................................................................41 Other Points of Interest........................................................................................41 Chi Square Analyses...................................................................................................42 Ankle Versus Knee Injuries.................................................................................42 Chronic Versus Acute Knee Injuries...................................................................43 Time in Game and Time in Season .....................................................................43 Player Position and ACL Injuries........................................................................44 5 DISCUSSION.............................................................................................................45 Discussion...................................................................................................................45 Injury and Illness Nature .....................................................................................47 Anatomical Site of Injury ....................................................................................48 Mechanism of Injury ...........................................................................................52 Player Position.....................................................................................................52 Half of the Game .................................................................................................53 Time in Season ....................................................................................................53
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