Anise Hyssop Agastache foeniculum

Anise Hyssop has very showy flowers, fragrant foliage and seems Planting Instructions to be of little interest to deer. It self-seeds readily and often blooms the first year. New seedlings are hardy and can be Pre-treatment transplanted easily. It's a bee, hummingbird, and magnet Cold moist stratification for 30 days and makes an excellent addition to herb gardens, borders, perennial gardens, and . When the leaves of the Anise Sowing Hyssop are crushed they smell like licorice and have been used to Surface sow make tea and cold remedies. Other common names in use: Lavender Hyssop or Blue Giant Hyssop. Sun Exposure Full, Partial

Soil Moisture Medium, Medium-Dry

Germination Rate 1-4 weeks

Source: www.prariremoon.com Lead Amorpha canescens

Growing in shrubs up to three feet tall, Lead Plant is topped by Planting Instructions spike-like masses of tiny purple blossoms. Each flower has a single 1/4"-long petal curling around 10 orange-tipped Pre-treatment stamens. It prefers full sun but will tolerate part shade. The Cold stratification for 10 days, branches will reach for light in partial shade conditions inoculum added however, giving it a more sprawling form with less flowers. It is not picky about soil type, and will grow in all types of medium Sowing Surface sow to very dry sandy, gravel, loam, and clay. Abundant bees,

, , and other beneficial insects will be Sun Exposure attracted to Lead Plant. Full, Partial

The plant's tough roots made pioneer plowing difficult, causing Soil Moisture early settlers to dub it "Devil's Shoestrings." Its deep roots Medium, Medium-Dry, Dry enable the plant to survive fires and times of drought. After very tough winters, it may die back to the ground but the extreme long-lived nature of Lead Plant and its deep tap root will usually allow it to recover. Speculative accounts about its common name credit the dusky hue of the foliage or an old belief that the plant's presence was an indicator of sub-surface lead ore.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Thimbleweed Anemone spp.

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Thimbleweed has a tall, upright stem rising from clumped basal Cold moist stratification for 60 days leaves with a whorl of three or more deeply-lobed leaves. The greenish white flowers fruit into a greenish white elongated Sowing cluster that resembles the rough part of a thimble. In Greek mythology, a jealous goddess transformed the nymph Sun Exposure Anemone into a flower, eternally at the mercy of the north Full, Partial wind. Also called Long-Fruited Thimbleweed, Anemone cylindrica prefers dry, open spaces. Soil Moisture Medium, Medium-Dry, Dry Tall Thimbleweed (Anemone virginiana), which is also found in Dakota County, is similar to its cousin Anemone cylindrical. However, the fruiting cluster or "thimble" of virginiana is shorter than that of cylindrica. Both have lobed leaves, but the leaves of the cylindrica are wedge shaped while those of virginiana are rounded with fine teeth.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Columbine Aquilegia canadensis

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 60 days

Aquilegia canadensis, Columbine, also called Red or American Sowing Columbine, is one of the first to provide in the Surface sow

spring for bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The colorful Sun Exposure flowers are red flowing into yellow. Full, Partial, Shade

Besides being an early bloomer, Columbine will tolerate a large Soil Moisture range of soil and sun types, so you'll have success with it in full Medium, Medium-Dry, Dry sun as well as shade. It can grow in pine tree areas and is deer- resistant. The seeds of Aquilegia are shiny black pearls and can be easily collected and planted.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.noddingoniongardens.com Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 30 days

Asclepias incarnata is known as Swamp Milkweed or Rose Sowing Milkweed. That lovely vanilla fragrance you detect coming from 1/4” into soil and cover lightly large rosy pink flowers possibly hosting several Monarch or Swallowtail butterflies is Rose Milkweed. This deer-resistant Sun Exposure plant grows in moist to average soils, and blooms in July and Full sun to part shade August. Later, large pods form which will break open to reveal seeds that will float away in the wind. If growing Swamp Soil Moisture Milkweed from seed, try fall planting - or if planting in spring be Wet, Medium-Wet, Medium

sure to first moist-cold stratify the seeds for a month. Large

numbers of Swamp Milkweed can often be seen growing in wetland settings.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Butterflyweed Asclepias tuberosa

Planting Instructions

Asclepias tuberosa, Butterfly Weed, is most often a distinctive Pre-treatment bright orange but there is some variation in flower color, from Cold moist stratification for 30 days deep red-orange to yellow. This distinctive color and the absence of the typical milky white sap make identification easy. Sowing 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover Butterfly Weed needs a drier, well-drained location to lightly successfully seed into and grow well. In older mature plants the long tap root can extend down a foot or more. They can be Sun Exposure transplanted if dug carefully during dormancy but if enough Full, Partial root material is left behind they will regrow. The leaves are somewhat narrow, up to 1” and tapered, with no stem. Soil Moisture Medium, Medium-Dry, Dry

This is a great Milkweed for a sunny location in a dry area. Germination Rate Mature plants in ideal locations can make as many as 20 stems 10-15 days at an average height of 2’. The vivid orange color, low mounded profile, and ability to attract and sustain butterflies make this plant a well-known favorite for all types of gardens.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Whorled Milkweed Asclepias verticillata

Asclepias verticillata (Whorled Milkweed) has very skinny, Planting Instructions "whorled" leaves. There are clusters of approximately 20 flowers near the top of each plant. Whorled Milkweed can Pre-treatment bloom anytime between July and September, which is later in Cold moist stratification for 30 days the year than many other Milkweeds. The white flowers can be Sowing a greenish-white on some plants. When the Whorled Milkweed 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover is mature it reaches a height around 2'. lightly

The nectar of the flowers attracts many kinds of insects, Sun Exposure including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, full sun to part shade butterflies, skippers and beetles. Whorled Milkweed is deer and rabbit-resistant. Note that It is rhizomatous, and will spread. Soil Moisture Medium to dry

Germination Rate 10-15 days

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.davesgarden.com Hairy Grama Bouteloua hirsuta

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment No pre-treatment necessary

Hairy Grama is a warm-season, short grass that grows from 8-10 Sowing inches in height. It is found on shallow, sandy or rocky sites and Surface sow grows in tufts or clumps. The seed heads look somewhat like eyebrows. The leaves have long white hairs scattered on both Sun Exposure surfaces and along the edges, especially near the base of the Full, Partial blade. Soil Moisture It is a dry prairie species that reaches the northern edge of its Dry

range in Minnesota. It is easily confused with the related Blue

Grama (Bouteloua gracilis), which is less hairy overall and has longer spikes with more spikelets per branch (40 to 130).

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.minnesotawildflowers.com Side-oats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula

Planting Instructions

Bouteloua curtipendula, or Side-oats Grama, is a rarity among Pre-treatment native grasses in that it sports tiny attractive flowers during its No pre-treatment necessary summer bloom time (see detailed photos.) Bracts hang uniformly from one side of the stem while brilliant red-purple Sowing anthers dangle below and delicate white stigmas protrude 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover lightly above. When the seed heads dry, they have a distinctly oat-like

appearance. Sun Exposure Full sun to part shade Side-oats is a warm-season grass that grows actively during the summer months when soil temperatures are warm. Its current Soil Moisture range is throughout North America and south to Argentina, and Medium to dry it is cited as a food source or larval host for at least five types of skipper moths. Bouteloua curtipendula’s rhizomatous clumping tendency and moderate height make it a good companion for spring-blooming wildflowers like Shooting Stars or Prairie Smoke.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.seedsource.com White Turtlehead Chelone glabra

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 120 days Turtlehead is named for its pretty white blossoms which resemble a turtle head poking out from its shell. It is an Sowing important host plant providing larval food for the lovely orange 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover and brown Baltimore Checkerspot butterfly. Its nectar also lightly attracts other butterflies, bumblebees, and ruby-throated hummingbirds. Sun Exposure Full sun

Turtlehead likes wet to moist soils and full to part sun. The Soil Moisture plants have deep green foliage of lance-shaped leaves on Wet to medium wet upright stems and grow to 5 feet tall. They make a good choice for border and wet meadow plantings and will provide for a late summer bloom.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Rattlebox Crotalaria sagittalis

Planting Instructions

This modest legume sparsely produces yellow, pea-like summer Pre-treatment flowers that give way to plump seed pods. When dry and Cold storage + inoculum shaken, the pods can produce a rattling sound. The foot-tall plant produces a taproot and reseeds itself when seed pods are Sowing distributed by wind. Rattlebox is an annual; it completes its life 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover lightly cycle during one season but will re-seed. It needs acidic soil

with a pH of 4 to 6 and also requires sandy soils. This is a Sun Exposure legume species (member of the pea family). Most legumes Full sun to part shade harbor beneficial bacteria called rhizobia on their roots. Soil Moisture Rattlebox is not commonly encountered, only present in a few Medium dry to dry Minnesota counties as we are on the northern fringe of its natural range. It is listed as a Special Concern species in Wisconsin and was designated as such in Minnesota in 2013 due to its low populations and the dwindling prairie and savanna habitats this species calls home.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.minnesotawildflowers.com Purple Prairie Clover Dalea purpurea

Purple prairie clover is a colorful -friendly species that Planting Instructions is found in most sunny, dry prairies. It is very similar to White Prairie Clover. It is a great pollinator species. Flowers are Pre-treatment packed in cylindrical heads at top of branches and open in a No pre-treatment necessary circle around the head, from top to bottom. Sowing Purple prairie clover is a native, warm-season, perennial Surface Sow legume (member of the pea family), which harbor beneficial bacteria called rhizobia on their roots. Sun Exposure Full, Partial

Soil Moisture Medium, Medium-Dry, Dry

Germination Rate Within 1 week

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.grownative.org Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 30 days Growing in moist conditions, Eupatorium perfoliatum (Boneset) produces flat to roundish heads of white flowers. The stem is Sowing covered with long spreading hairs with leaves that are often 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover joined at the base, appearing to surround the stem. Many lightly different insect species are attracted to the flowers as the nectar is relatively easy to access. Boneset grows to about 2-4 Sun Exposure feet tall. Full sun to partial shade

As suggested by the Latin species name, the stem appears to be Soil Moisture Wet to medium wet growing through the leaf. To early herb doctors, this indicated

the plant would be useful in setting bones, so its leaves were wrapped with bandages around splints. The dried leaves have also been used medicinally.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.applewoodseed.com, www.wildflower.org Spotted Joe Pye Weed Eutrochium maculatum

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 30 days

Sowing Joe Pye Weed is a very tall plant, up to 6' in the best sun/soil Surface sow conditions, but strong stems support the so it rarely needs to be staked. These attractive stems are almost Sun Exposure the same color as the dusty rose-colored flowers, which will Full, Partial bloom for many weeks in July and August, becoming absolute magnets for dozens of species of butterflies. Also called Soil Moisture Spotted Joe Pye Weed, it is best planted in full to almost-full Wet, Medium-Wet

sun and rich, moist soils. It will spread so should be planted

with caution in small landscape situations.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Bottle Gentian Gentiana andrewsii

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 60 days Bottle Gentian are slow-growing but long-lived and require little care once established. Bumblebees are the main Sowing because they are the only insects strong enough to Surface sow

pry open the closed flowers . Cream Gentian is the first Gentian Sun Exposure to bloom in late summer. Bottle Gentian and others may wait Full sun to part sun until September or October to lend late-season color to mostly sunny sites in medium-wet to medium-dry soils. It is a great Soil Moisture companion with other late bloomers such as: New England Wet to medium wet (Aster novae-angliae), Obedient Plant (Physostegia virginiana), and Prairie Blazing Star ( pycnostachya). Other common names include Closed Bottle Gentian, and Andrew's Gentian.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, https://garden.org Wild Geranium Geranium maculatum

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Wild Geranium is one species that you just can't pass Cold moist stratification for 60 days up. Native to much of eastern North America, it never disappoints. It has lovely dissected leaves, beautiful pinkish- Sowing purple flowers, and it readily spreads, forming stunning patches Surface sow that everything from bees to butterflies can't resist. Mostly found in woodlands in the wild, it does just as well in full sun! Sun Exposure Full, Partial, Shade Interestingly, Wild Geranium has a unique way of spreading its seeds. Each seed is packed into a pod and the pods are Soil Moisture attached to a structure that resembles a cranes bill. As the bill Medium, Medium-Dry

dries, it literally catapults the seeds away from the parent

plant. Each seed has a small tail-like structure attached to it that bends and moves in response to changes in humidity, which helps to drive the seed into the soil where it can safely germinate.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.forestryimages.org—Paul Bockenstedt Rough Avens Geum laciniatum

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment On the NW edge of its North American range, Rough Avens is Cold moist stratification for 40 days not frequently encountered in Minnesota and is listed by the Minnesota DNR as a tracked species. Except for a handful of Sowing earlier records, most of what is known about its distribution Surface sow

and habitat in this state are from collections made since the Sun Exposure early 1980s. A moisture lover, it appears to tolerate a range of Full, Partial light conditions from open wet meadows and stream banks to deep deciduous woods and shady ravines. Soil Moisture Wet, Medium-Wet It can be confused with White Avens. However, Rough Avens has petals that are shorter than the sepals and its flowering stalks have coarse spreading hairs. White Avens has petals that are as long or longer than the sepals and its flowering stalks are finely pubescent.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Hairy Hawkweed Hieracium longipilum

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Unknown

Sowing An uncommon species, Minnesota is the northwestern corner of its Surface sow natural range. It has several bright yellow blooms and very hairy leaves and stems. Hairy Hawkweed does not colonize so it isn't likely Sun Exposure to be confused with one of the weedy hawkweeds that tend to form Full sun to part sun large mono-cultures. When present, it is typically found as single plants scattered in the area. Hairy hawkweed plants grow to be 2-5 Soil Moisture feet tall. The hairs on the leaves and stem are longer than other Medium-Dry, Dry hawkweeds, giving it a very fuzzy look. It is also known as Long- bearded Hawkweed.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.minnesotawildflowers.com Great St. John’s Wort Hypericum pyramidatum

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Hypericum pyramidatum, commonly called Great St. John’s Cold moist stratification for 60 days wort, is an upright perennial that typically grows 2-5’ tall and features a showy display of yellow flowers (2” across) that Sowing bloom from July-August. Each flower has 5 yellow petals, 5 Surface sow styles (most hypericums have 3 styles) and a center boss of bushy yellow stamens and tem-clasping, elliptic leaves to 5” Sun Exposure long. Hypericum pyramidatum (considered by many to be Full, partial synonymous with Hypericum ascyron) is native to streambanks and moist wooded slopes. Soil Moisture Medium-Wet, Wet

Plants of the genus Hypericum (some species have been used

since ancient times in the treatment of wounds) were apparently gathered and burned to ward off evil spirits on the eve of St. John’s Day, thus giving rise to the genus common name of St. John’s wort.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Button Blazing Star Liatris aspera

This Liatris prefers medium to dry soil conditions and will bloom Planting Instructions for many weeks in the months of July to October. It grows best in full sun but can tolerate a fair amount of shade. Butterflies, Pre-treatment hummingbirds, and bees are greatly attracted to the flowers of Cold moist stratification for 60 days Liatris aspera. Like all Liatris species, Button Blazing Star is great in Sowing flower arrangements both as fresh and dried as the flowers keep 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover their purple color. lightly.

Flowers are in a spike-like cluster 6 to 18 inches long of purple to Sun Exposure pink flower heads. Each flower head is about 1 inch across and Full sun, part shade made up of 25 to 40 star-shaped disk flowers. It can grow up to 3 feet tall. t is also referred to as Rough Blazing Star. Soil Moisture Medium, Dry-Medium, Dry

Germination Rate 20—45 days

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.minnesotawildflowers.com Dotted Blazing Star

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 30 days A deep root system will form on this xeric, long-lived Liatris, protecting it well in hot, dry climates. The roots have been Sowing documented to grow to depths of 14 feet into prairie soils. The 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover erect, unbranched stems of this perennial may be solitary but lightly.

are usually in clusters, 1-2 ft. tall. Several stems bear narrow, Sun Exposure crowded heads with rose-lavender flowers arranged in slender Full, Partial wands. Soil Moisture The species name punctata means dotted and refers to the Medium-Dry, Dry speckled leaves. Liatris punctata, along with most Liatris species, is a great pollinator species and attracts many bees and butterflies.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.nps.gov Great Blue Lobelia Lobelia siphilitica

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 60 days

Lobelia siphilitica, known as Great Blue Lobelia, offers a deep- Sowing hued counterpoint to the yellows of late summer. It can form Surface sow

colonies of richly-flowered spikes, 2-3’ ft. tall, in medium to wet Sun Exposure soils, especially with a little shade. It is often found in wet Full sun to part shade meadows throughout Minnesota. Lobelias produce a secondary compound known as "lobeline," which deters herbivores. It is a Soil Moisture great pollinator species and attracts a variety of butterflies , Medium to wet bees and hummingbirds.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.grownative.org Marbleseed Onosmodium molle

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Boiling treatment

Sowing Marbleseed grows in dry (or occasionally mesic) prairies and 1/4” deep into moist soil, cover lightly.

savannas. Also called Western Marbleseed, a deep taproot Sun Exposure develops on this plant making it extremely drought-resistant Full to partial sun and suitable to dry, rocky areas. The light green, hairy stems and leaves give way to a cream to white-colored flower that Soil Moisture points downward. The seeds indeed look like small marbles, or Medium, Medium-Dry, Dry pearls. Marbleseed is quite rare and probably only found today in cultivation or undisturbed prairie remnants.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.nps.gov Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum virginianum

Mountain Mint attracts many insects to its flowers, including Planting Instructions various bees, wasps, flies, small butterflies, and beetles. The leaves are very fragrant; when crushed they have a strong minty odor. The Pre-treatment flowers will be white to shades of light purple, some with purple None spots. Pycnanthemum means "densely flowered," an attribute that enables Mountain Mint to accommodate many pollinators at Sowing once. The long bloom time, a month or more in July and August, is Surface Sow another reason Mountain Mint is a great choice for those interested in feeding pollinators. The light green foliage of all Sun Exposure Full, Partial Mountain Mint species is visually pleasing, too, making it a nice

garden choice even when not flowering. Soil Moisture Wet, Medium-Wet, Medium, Medium- Dry

Germination Rate Up to 4 weeks

Source: www.prariremoon.com Gray-headed Coneflower Ratibida pinnata

Planting Instructions

Gray-headed Coneflower is native to dry prairies and savannas. Pre-treatment It has stiff and rough-feeling coarse leaves, and showy yellow Cold moist stratification for 30 days flowers which have droopy soft yellow rays. The cone-like green centers eventually change to a dark purple or brown. Sowing Many insects are attracted to this plant such as butterflies and 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover bees. It grows and transplants very easily, is drought-tolerant, lightly and makes an excellent cut flower. Gray-headed Coneflower grows best in full sun to partial shade, and medium to dry- Sun Exposure medium soil conditions. It blooms approximately from July to Full, Partial September. Soil Moisture Medium, Medium-Dry There are many good native companions for Ratibida

pinnata blooming at the same time such as Wild Bergamot, Anise Hyssop, and many of the prairie grasses. Other common names are Drooping Coneflower, Pinnate Prairie Coneflower, Weary Susan, Grayhead Coneflower and Yellow Coneflower.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.grownative.org Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium

Planting Instructions Little Bluestem is an iconic warm season grass of the prairie habitat that is commonly used in both landscaping and Pre-treatment restoration projects. In shortgrass prairies, it is often the None dominant species along with Side-oats Grama. In tallgrass prairies, companion grasses include Big Bluestem, Indian Grass, Sowing and Switch Grass. 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover lightly One of the most widely distributed species of grass in the US, Little Bluestem is very drought-tolerant, but it can do well in Sun Exposure moist situations too. It is good pasture forage for bison, , Full, Partial

deer, and livestock. Farmers sometimes use this species for Soil Moisture hay, but consecutive years of haying will likely cause the Medium, Medium-Dry, Dry species to disappear.

Little Bluestem is an excellent plant for wildlife. The caterpillars of several skippers feed on the foliage, including Dusted Skipper, Cobweb Skipper, Ottoe Skipper, Indian Skipper, Swarthy Skipper, and the Crossline Skipper. The seeds of this grass are eaten by songbirds, and the foliage is eaten by a number of mammals.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.grownative.org Figwort Scrophularia lanceolata

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Figworts are nectar-rich plants. Perhaps they are not known Cold moist stratification for 60 days for their beauty, but are abundant in nectar! One of the best species for attracting butterflies, bees, other insects and birds - Sowing especially the Ruby-throated Hummingbird! Surface sow

Sun Exposure Early Figwort blooms from May until July whereas Late Figwort Partial, Shade blooms from July until October. Each can obtain heights of well over 5 feet and will readily reseed in the right conditions. Their Soil Moisture beauty is hard to capture in photos. These are definitely plants Medium-Wet, Medium, Medium-Dry, best enjoyed close up and in person. The tissues of these plants Dry contain many acrid compounds and thus they are rarely browsed upon by herbivores. Rarely available from most nurseries, planting these strange figworts will surely bring joy and novelty to any native landscape.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Compass Plant Silphium laciniatum

Planting Instructions

No those aren't sunflowers, those are Compass Plants! A true icon Pre-treatment of the prairies, these lovely plants are an incredible addition to your Cold moist stratification for 60 days landscape. Given moist, rich soils, mature compass plants can reach upwards of 8 feet in height. It is quite a sight to see pollinators flit Sowing from flower to flower while birds perch upon the stems. 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover lightly The name Compass Plant comes from the observation that the leaves have a tendency to orient themselves on a north-south axis. While Sun Exposure this certainly helped disoriented settlers find their way, the real Full, Partial reason behind this intriguing physiology is to maximize water use in the leaves as well as to increase CO2 gain for the plant. Soil Moisture Medium-Wet, Medium, Medium-Dry, Another interesting aspect of Compass Plant biology is their Dry life expectancy. Given the right conditions, individual plants have been known to live upwards of 100 years! Sadly, like all other species that live on the prairies, Compass Plants have taken a real hit from habitat destruction. Gardening with Compass Plant is gardening for the future.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, grownative.org Flexicaulis Solidago flexicaulis

Planting Instructions Zig Zag Goldenrod gets its name from the way that its stems "zig zag" from leaf to leaf. These leaves are bluntly toothed all Pre-treatment along the stem with the middle leaves usually the largest at 6" Cold moist stratification for 60 days long and 4" wide. The small flowers appear from late summer to early fall in a cluster near the top of the plant. Zig Zag Sowing Goldenrod can be aggressive and therefore may not be suitable Surface sow for small woodland gardens. The flowerheads are pollinated by many kinds of insects, including long-tongued bees, small- Sun Exposure tongued bees, wasps, flies, and butterflies. Partial, Shade

Whatever your preference or situation may be, there is a Soil Moisture goldenrod to suit all occasions. Sadly, goldenrods often get Medium-Wet, Medium, Medium-Dry

blamed for causing the dreaded hayfever, however this is not

true. Their pollen is quite large and sticky so as to better adhere to the body of visiting insects. Because of this, goldenrod pollen cannot become airborne and can never make its way into your sinuses. The true cause of hayfever is the wind pollinated ragweeds, which broadcast copious amounts of lightweight pollen into the air.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Gray Goldenrod

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 60 days This is an excellent plant for a difficult spot where little else will grow. Old Field Goldenrod likes full sun and dry soil, even poor, Sowing rocky, clay slopes with little organic matter. The long, narrow Surface sow

is somewhat wider in the middle and will nod Sun Exposure down slightly when flowering for a month or so in the fall. Full, Partial

Solidago nemoralis is one of the shortest Goldenrods, reaching Soil Moisture 2' at most. Other distinguishing features include small winged Medium-Dry, Dry leaflets on the main stem and fuzzy white texture on the leaves and stem. It tends to bloom later in the fall than other Goldenrods. Solidago nemoralis is also often called Gray Goldenrod or simply Field Goldenrod.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.applewoodseed.com Stiff Goldenrod Solidago rigida

Planting Instructions Stiff Goldenrod has larger, flatter flower clusters than most Goldenrods. The leaves turn nice shades of red in the fall. On Pre-treatment many sites Stiff Goldenrod can be a prolific self seeder. It does Cold moist stratification for 60 days well in a broad range of soil conditions so on small sites or in home garden/landscapes removal of the seed head before the Sowing seed is ripe is preferable to weeding unwanted seedlings. 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover lightly Whatever your preference or situation may be, there is a goldenrod to suit all occasions. Sadly, goldenrods often get Sun Exposure blamed for causing the dreaded hayfever. This is simply not Full sun to part shade true. Their pollen is quite large and sticky so as to better adhere to the body of visiting insects. Because of this, goldenrod pollen Soil Moisture Medium Wet to Wet cannot become airborne and can never make its way into your

sinuses. The true cause of hayfever is the wind pollinated Germination Rate ragweeds, which broadcast copious amounts of lightweight 2-8 weeks pollen into the air. We cannot stress enough how important goldenrods are on the landscape. Including them on your property will provide ecosystem services well into the fall when most other plant life is shutting down.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, www.grownative.org Blue Vervain Verbena hastata

Planting Instructions

Pre-treatment Cold moist stratification for 30 days

The small, tubular, blue-violet flowers of Blue Vervain bloom Sowing from the bottom up in July's heat. The numerous crowning Surface sow

spikes of blossoms give a candelabra-like appearance to this Sun Exposure graceful, widely-distributed plant. It is also a popular Full, Partial pollinator species. Soil Moisture As the alternative name Swamp Verbena suggests, this Wet, Medium-Wet, Medium Vervain likes wet, even soggy, conditions but also will grow in medium soils. Full sun to partial sun are its preferred Germination note: sun conditions. Keep the soil surface wet, try not to let it dry out.

Source: www.prariremoon.com, pinterest.com Culver’s Root Veronicastrum virginicum

Culver's Root is an elegant unbranched plant, reaching heights Planting Instructions of 5' with candelabra-like spikes of white flowers that open from the top down mid-summer. The small white flowers Pre-treatment densely packed together can sometimes take on a purple hue; No pretreatment necessary the contrast of these flowers against the dark green foliage is stunning. Sowing Surface sow – seeds are very small

Culver's Root grows in zones 3-8, as successfully in full sun as in Sun Exposure partial shade (savanna conditions, up to 70% shade), and Full sun to partial sun prefers moist, well-drained soil. The seeds are so tiny that they should be directly sown on the soil surface. The plant really has Soil Moisture no other synonyms, going only by the name Culver's Root, Medium-Wet, Medium, Medium-Dry derived from Dr. Coulvert of the late 17th to early 18th century, who found laxative properties in the plant.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Indian Grass Sorghastrum nutans

Indian Grass is one of the first warm season grasses to form seeds and they are Planting Instructions rich clusters of bronze colored seed. Golden stems and large seed heads provide

ample color and texture to plantings and birds will enjoy the seeds come Pre-treatment fall. Plants are wind-pollinated. Indian Grass can be aggressive, spreading by rhi- No pretreatment necessary zomes, so is not suited for very small landscapes. Different species of grasshop- pers and caterpillars will feed on the blades of Indian Grass; in turn these insects Sowing are important food sources for upland game birds and song birds, where they will 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover also find ideal nesting habitat in stands of tall prairie grasses such as Indian Grass. lightly

Sun Exposure Full sun to partial sun

Soil Moisture Medium-Wet, Medium, Medium-Dry

Germination Rate Within 10 days

Source: www.prariremoon.com Showy Golderod Solidago speciosa

Showy Goldenrod tends to bloom a little later than most Goldenrods. It is in- Planting Instructions deed one of the showiest of the genus with a feathery plume comprised of a dense clump of pale yellow to deep yellow flowers atop an attractive red Pre-treatment stem. Other late-blooming natives of the same mesic to dry soils that might Stratify 60 days before planting accent Showy Goldenrod include Button Blazing Star, Sweet Black-eyed Susan, and Stiff Gentian. Sowing Surface sow – seeds are very small Whatever your preference or situation may be, there is a goldenrod to suit all occasions. Sadly, goldenrods often get blamed for causing the dreaded hayfe- Sun Exposure ver. This is simply not true. Their pollen is quite large and sticky so as to better Full sun to partial sun adhere to the body of visiting insects. Because of this, goldenrod pollen cannot become airborne and can never make its way into your sinuses. The true cause Soil Moisture of hayfever is the wind pollinated ragweeds, which broadcast copious amounts Medium-Wet, Medium, Medium-Dry

of lightweight pollen into the air. We cannot stress enough how important gold- Germination Rate enrods are on the landscape. Including them on your property will provide eco- 2-8 weeks system services well into the fall when most other plant life is shutting down.

Source: www.prariremoon.com Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta

Black-eyed Susan is an opportunist that thrives easily in disturbed areas. It has Planting Instructions naturalized through most of the continent. A biennial, it blooms and completes its life cycle in its second year but will re-seed. We include it as an early mark- Pre-treatment er in almost all of our prairie and savanna seed mixes. Stratify 30 days before planting

Sowing 1/4” deep into moist soil and cover lightly

Sun Exposure Full sun to partial sun

Soil Moisture Medium-Wet, Medium, Medium-Dry

Germination Rate Within 2 weeks

Source: www.prariremoon.com