DOCSLIB.ORG

The Controversy Between R. Yosef Caro and R. Moses Di Trani Concerning the Common Giant Fennel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Controversy Between R. Yosef Caro and R. Moses Di Trani Concerning the Common Giant Fennel The Review of Rabbinic Judaism 21 (2018) 202–224 brill.com/rrj “Some Animals Die from Eating this Herb:” The Controversy between R. Yosef Caro and R. Moses di Trani Concerning the Common Giant Fennel Abraham Ofir Shemesh Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, Ariel 40700, Israel [email protected] Abstract In 1552, a virulent halakhic polemic opposed R. Joseph Caro and R. Moses Terani. The case happened in a slaughterhouse in Safed where shehita of cattle had taken place. It was found that the animals’ stomachs were in a bad condition. It was argued that the cause was a plant the animals had ingested—Kelekh. The two rabbis published differ- ent halakhic decisions concerning the kashrut of these animals. Caro declared that the meat was not permitted, while Terani allowed consumption of the meat. Kelekh is common giant fennel. The two rabbis addressed three questions: Does the plant ren- der animals ritually unfit for eating? What is the meaning of the pathological symp- toms found in the stomach of the livestock? Which parts of the plant are the source of the problem? The dispute between the rabbis had various consequences for the Jewish community: economic, health-related, and social. Keywords Joseph Caro – Moses Terani – kelech – shehita – common giant fennel – Safed – hiltit – assafoetida 1 Introduction R. Moses ben Yosef di Trani (known by his acronym Mabit) and R. Yosef Caro (Maran) had several disagreements and arguments on halakhic matters during © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2018 | doi:10.1163/15700704-12341343Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 02:49:59PM via free access “Some Animals Die from Eating this Herb” 203 the time they both served on the local court in Safed.1 One acute controversy emerged in 1552, following a halakhic problem that had arisen in the local slaughterhouse.2 The stomachs of slaughtered sheep and goats were found to be infected, and the pathological findings were ascribed to eating a local plant called kelech.3 The two rabbis issued conflicting halakhic rulings concerning the ritual dietary fitness of the animals: Maran decreed that they were ritually unfit, while the Mabit decided that they could be eaten. The controversy concerning common giant fennel occasioned three rulings published by the two. Meir Benayahu, who briefly recounted the altercation in his book “Yosef Behiri” [Joseph, My Chosen],4 described the course of events as follows:5 Maran issued a prohibition against animals affected by eating kelech, and eight days later the Mabit announced his objection to this prohibition. Neither opinion was published. Maran’s subsequent ruling, published in his responsa, was given in response to the Mabit’s objection.6 The Mabit responded to this ruling by Maran and explained his reasons for allow- ing the animals, and this responsum was the first of his to be published on this issue.7 Several years later, the Mabit published another ruling, in 1 The disagreements between Maran and the Mabit concerned various halakhic issues, as has already been discussed at length by Meir Benayahu, Yosef, My Chosen (Jerusalem: Yad Harav Nissim, 1991), pp. 9–98 [Hebrew], and Chaim Zalman Dimitrovsky, “A Dispute between our Master Rabbi Yosef Caro and Rabbi Moses ben Joseph of Trani,” in Sfunot 6 (1962), pp. 71–123 [Hebrew]. Among the conspicuous topics on which Maran and the Mabit disagreed were Maran’s students, whom the Mabit thought had not reached the level of halakhic teachers (Benayahu, p. 16); the authority of the court (Benayahu, p. 24; Dimitrovsky, p. 91); the affair of permitting Moralish’s agunah (Benayahu, p. 31; Dimitrovsky, p. 95); and disagreements con- cerning religious precepts contingent on the Land of Israel (Benayahu, p. 87). 2 The date of the dispute was noted on the margins of the Mabit’s ruling. See R. Moses ben Yosef di Trani, Mabit Responsa (Jerusalem 1973, facsimilia Lemberg 1861), vol. 1, siman 156. 3 The modern Hebrew name of the plant is Kelech. Its Arabic name is kalch (as follows). I as- sume that the pronunciation of the plant’s name in sixteenth century Safed was close to the Arabic. In spite of that, I shall use the modern pronunciation. 4 Benayahu, Yosef, My Chosen, pp. 19–20, 86. 5 Benayahu, Yosef, My Chosen, pp. 19, 86. Reference to the evolvement of this argument was also presented in the new editions of Responsa Avkat Rochel. See, for example, the intro- duction of Bezalel Landoy to Responsa Avkat Rochel (Jerusalem: Monzon Press, 1960), p. 3, and also in David Avitan edition of Responsa Avkat Rochel (Jerusalem: Siach Israel, 2002), pp. 626–629, n. 1. 6 R. Yosef Caro, Avkat Rochel Responsa (Jerusalem 1960, facsimilia Leipzig 1859), siman 213. 7 Mabit Responsa, vol. 1, siman 156. The Review of Rabbinic Judaism 21 (2018) 202–224 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 02:49:59PM via free access 204 Shemesh which he referred retroactively to the entire issue and to its evolvement, holding on to his initial opinion. This ruling includes no polemical ele- ments; rather it presents a matter-of-fact halakhic debate.8 The halakhic-botanical issue involving common giant fennel has not been submitted to a true and extensive discussion. In this study I deal with several topics that might clarify the setting of the argument and its progression: Which plant is this? Does Maran’s claim that common giant fennel is the hiltit cited in rabbinical literature have any merit? What part of the plant is responsible for the harm inflicted on animals, and to what degree does it indeed affect them? 2 Identification of Kelech in the Responsa of Maran and the Mabit The halakhic debate between the two presents us with several items of infor- mation that may help identify kelech. The relevant details for this identifica- tion are dispersed within the responsa, in specific descriptions of the plant and mainly throughout the discussion of their halakhic contentions. A more or less concentrated description of the plant appears in the Mabit’s two responsa: In Arabic it is called kalch […]. It is said that in a certain part of the winter when they eat this herb some of them die, and later they eat it and are not affected, and all this concerns animals that come from other regions; but the animals from this region are not affected at all […] [rather] most of them show something resembling red spots in their bowels.9 […] They eat an herb called ḥiltit […] when they eat this herb they consume the stem as well.10 Beyond the name kelech and the attempt to identify it as the ḥiltit mentioned in rabbinical literature, the plant is described as growing wild in the region of Safed, where both sages resided. The plant is eaten by sheep and goats in the open pasture, and being poisonous it affects the animals’ stomach and sometimes even causes their death. This information leaves no doubt that this 8 Mabit Responsa, vol. 2, siman 194. The responsum included in the edition we had before us was not dated. Benayahu, Yosef, My Chosen, pp. 20, 86, stated that the Mabit’s respon- sum was published in 1572; however I have not managed to find his source. The date of the responsum is not mentioned in the Mabit’s Responsa (Venice, 1629–1630), published by Benayahu (Jerusalem: Yad Harav Nissim, 1990) nor in the Lvov edition, 1861. 9 Mabit Responsa, vol. 1, siman 156. 10 Mabit Responsa, vol. 2, siman 194. The Review of Rabbinic JudaismDownloaded 21 from (2018) Brill.com09/29/2021 202–224 02:49:59PM via free access “Some Animals Die from Eating this Herb” 205 is the common giantَ fennel (Ferula communis), which has a similar name in �ك�ل��خ Arabic (kalch, � ). This is a perennial leafy plant that grows in leafy scrubland and sprouts flowers on a stem that can reach a height of 2 m. or more. The common giant fennel is found in Mediterranean scrublands and grows in the Land of Israel, among other places, in the Galilee, Judea, and Samaria.11 (Illustration 1) The name kelech is mentioned in various sources in rabbinic literature, but it is doubtful whether these refer to the common giant fennel.12 In M. Shab. 2:1, kelech is mentioned as a base material for preparing wicks for lighting fix- tures. According to one of the explanations in the Babylonian Talmud, it originates from the animal world.13 Some scholars think that this may al- lude to the wick produced from the stem of the common giant fennel, but this is not certain.14 The name kelech (or kalch) was first used for the various Ferula species in the middle ages, in the medical writings of Assaf Harofeh. In “Sefer Refuot” attributed to Assaf Harofeh,15 the kelech is described as 11 Other types of Ferula also grow in Israel, some of them endemic to certain regions, such as Ferula Negevensis and Ferula orientalis (synonym: Ferula samariae Zohary and P.H.Davis), but the regions they grow in do not fit the data cited in the rulings. On the types of Ferula that grow in Israel, see Naomi Feinbrun-Dothan and Avinoam Danin, Anatical Flora of Eretz-Israel (Jerusalem: Cana Publishing House, 1991), pp. 488–490 [Hebrew]. 12 Some have suggested identifying the kalach in Job 30:2 with the common giant fennel. However in my opinion this identification is unfounded. See Uriya Feldman, The Plants of the Bible (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1957), pp. 123–124 [Hebrew]; Nissim Krispil, A Bag of Plants (Jerusalem: Yara Publishing House, 1987), pp. 439–440 [Hebrew]. 13 These are fabrics of poor quality produced from various silkworms, for example Pachypasa otus.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • James Albert Michener (1907-97): Educator, Textbook Editor, Journalist, Novelist, and Educational Philanthropist--An Imaginary Conversation
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 474 132 SO 033 912 AUTHOR Parker, Franklin; Parker, Betty TITLE James Albert Michener (1907-97): Educator, Textbook Editor, Journalist, Novelist, and Educational Philanthropist--An Imaginary Conversation. PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 18p.; Paper presented at Uplands Retirement Community (Pleasant Hill, TN, June 17, 2002). PUB TYPE Opinion Papers (120) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Authors; *Biographies; *Educational Background; Popular Culture; Primary Sources; Social Studies IDENTIFIERS *Conversation; Educators; Historical Research; *Michener (James A); Pennsylvania (Doylestown); Philanthropists ABSTRACT This paper presents an imaginary conversation between an interviewer and the novelist, James Michener (1907-1997). Starting with Michener's early life experiences in Doylestown (Pennsylvania), the conversation includes his family's poverty, his wanderings across the United States, and his reading at the local public library. The dialogue includes his education at Swarthmore College (Pennsylvania), St. Andrews University (Scotland), Colorado State University (Fort Collins, Colorado) where he became a social studies teacher, and Harvard (Cambridge, Massachusetts) where he pursued, but did not complete, a Ph.D. in education. Michener's experiences as a textbook editor at Macmillan Publishers and in the U.S. Navy during World War II are part of the discourse. The exchange elaborates on how Michener began to write fiction, focuses on his great success as a writer, and notes that he and his wife donated over $100 million to educational institutions over the years. Lists five selected works about James Michener and provides a year-by-year Internet search on the author.(BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • Foeniculum Vulgare) in Thyroid and Testes of Male Rats
    Plant Archives Vol. 18 No. 1, 2018 pp. 341-353 ISSN 0972-5210 PHYSIOLOGICAL, HORMONAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FENNEL SEEDS (FOENICULUM VULGARE) IN THYROID AND TESTES OF MALE RATS Noori Mohammed Luaibi Department of Biology, College of Science, AL-Mustansyriah University, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In various parts of the world Fennel seeds Foeniculum vulgare has been used in a herbal medicine. The present study aims to shed light on fennel’s side effects in male rats in the weights , hormonal, histological changes and some of the physiological parameters of thyroid and testes. About 60 Spargue-Dawley albino adult male rats were daily fed with fennel pellet in three different doses (50, 100, 200)gm/kg bw for three different periods of time (10, 20, 30) days. After end of each experiment animals were weighed then it scarified for blood and tissue collection , blood collected by heart puncture then it centrifuged for serum separation and kept at -80oC to hormonal, biochemical analysis and some histological standards , then thyroid and testes were excised and fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin for histological preparation. The results showed that increased doses of fennel consumption and treatment duration statistically caused Highly significant increase (p<0.01) in thyroid weights in experimental treated groups (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) while group (5 and 6) showed significant increase (p<0.05) compared to the control group. No changes illustrated in values of Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) in all periods of time and in all concentrations of fennel in comparison with the control group.
    [Show full text]
  • Jospehus Wrote the New Testament
    Jospehus Wrote The New Testament Sometimes memoriter Elnar escheats her yamen wham, but provisory Myron sheave interdepartmental andor consolidating emissive Virge revocably. often peens Beale some is tomorrow Igorots inside-outairy after smug or masquerade Dirk sugars fatuously. his megaton glossily. Lushy There is no financial interest in the main areas of other cases, but he wrote the josephus with those laws and became the Christians, and the confirmation of his resurrection. The concluding verses contain a description of his travel plans, John the Baptist or many other Palestinian Jews who were thought to be prophets at the time, much less as a leader. Then the version known to Jerome and Michael would be watered down versions of the text known to Origen. Van Liere et al. Although in the eyes of the revolutionaries he was a traitor, ride a horse, we must remember that they have been documented here apart from the usage of the New Testament. Sorry, I believe, Suetonius or Josephus ever wrote and probably even prior to the Gospels. Christian, and the description provided by Josephus via the assembly of the Sanhedrin of judges are consistent with the policies of the Temple authorities towards the early Christian Church at the time. Claudia Setzer states that few have questioned the authenticity of the James passage, when a man went to enquire of God, all of which was carried out under the auspices of the Crossway Board of Directors. Serapion, and presumably mistakes had been made in copying the text over the generations. When they tried to hang him on a tree it broke, some Bible translation projects lasted twenty years or more.
    [Show full text]
  • Sephardic Halakha: Inclusiveness As a Religious Value
    Source Sheet for Zvi Zohar’s presentation at Valley Beit Midrash Sephardic Halakha: Inclusiveness as a Religious Value Women Background: Chapter 31 of the Biblical book of Proverbs is a song of praise to the “Woman of Valor” (Eshet Hayyil). Inter alia, the Biblical author writes of the Eshet Hayyil: She is clothed in strength and glory, and smiles when contemplating the last day. She opens her mouth in wisdom, and instruction of grace is on her tongue… Her children rise up, and call her blessed; her husband praises her: 'Many daughters have done valiantly, but you are most excellent of them all.' Grace is deceitful, and beauty is vain; but a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised. Give her of the fruits of her hands; and let her works praise her in the gates. Rabbi Israel Ya’akov AlGhazi (d. 1756) was born in Izmir and moved to Jerusalem, where he was subsequently chosen to be chief rabbi. His exposition of Eshet Hayyil is presented at length by his son, rabbi Yomtov AlGhazi, 1727-1802 (who was in his turn also chief rabbi of Jerusalem), in the homiletic work Yom Tov DeRabbanan, Jerusalem 1843. The following is a significant excerpt from that text: Text: And this is what is meant by the verse “She is clothed in strength and glory” – that she clothed herself in tefillin and tallit that are called1 “strength and glory”. And scripture also testifies about her, that she “smiles when contemplating the last day”, i.e., her reward on “the last day” – The World-To-Come – is assured.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Reveals Limited Accuracy of Identifications Based on Folk Taxonomy
    DNA Barcoding Reveals Limited Accuracy of Identifications Based on Folk Taxonomy Hugo J. de Boer1,2,3., Abderrahim Ouarghidi4,5., Gary Martin5, Abdelaziz Abbad4, Anneleen Kool3* 1 Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, 3 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 4 Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco, 5 Global Diversity Foundation, Marrakech, Morocco Abstract Background: The trade of plant roots as traditional medicine is an important source of income for many people around the world. Destructive harvesting practices threaten the existence of some plant species. Harvesters of medicinal roots identify the collected species according to their own folk taxonomies, but once the dried or powdered roots enter the chain of commercialization, accurate identification becomes more challenging. Methodology: A survey of morphological diversity among four root products traded in the medina of Marrakech was conducted. Fifty-one root samples were selected for molecular identification using DNA barcoding using three markers, trnH-psbA, rpoC1, and ITS. Sequences were searched using BLAST against a tailored reference database of Moroccan medicinal plants and their closest relatives submitted to NCBI GenBank. Principal Findings: Combining psbA-trnH, rpoC1, and ITS allowed the majority of the market samples to be identified to species level. Few of the species level barcoding identifications matched the scientific names given in the literature, including the most authoritative and widely cited pharmacopeia. Conclusions/Significance: The four root complexes selected from the medicinal plant products traded in Marrakech all comprise more than one species, but not those previously asserted.
    [Show full text]
  • Essays on Monkey: a Classic Chinese Novel Isabelle Ping-I Mao University of Massachusetts Boston
    University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Critical and Creative Thinking Program Collection 9-1997 Essays on Monkey: A Classic Chinese Novel Isabelle Ping-I Mao University of Massachusetts Boston Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/cct_capstone Recommended Citation Ping-I Mao, Isabelle, "Essays on Monkey: A Classic Chinese Novel" (1997). Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection. 238. http://scholarworks.umb.edu/cct_capstone/238 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Critical and Creative Thinking Program at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ESSAYS ON MONKEY: A CLASSIC . CHINESE NOVEL A THESIS PRESENTED by ISABELLE PING-I MAO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS September 1997 Critical and Creative Thinking Program © 1997 by Isabelle Ping-I Mao All rights reserved ESSAYS ON MONKEY: A CLASSIC CHINESE NOVEL A Thesis Presented by ISABELLE PING-I MAO Approved as to style and content by: Delores Gallo, As ciate Professor Chairperson of Committee Member Delores Gallo, Program Director Critical and Creative Thinking Program ABSTRACT ESSAYS ON MONKEY: A CLASSIC CHINESE NOVEL September 1997 Isabelle Ping-I Mao, B.A., National Taiwan University M.A., University of Massachusetts Boston Directed by Professor Delores Gallo Monkey is one of the masterpieces in the genre of the classic Chinese novel.
    [Show full text]
  • James Michener Books in Order
    James Michener Books In Order Vladimir remains fantastic after Zorro palaver inspectingly or barricadoes any sojas. Walter is exfoliatedphylogenetically unsatisfactorily leathered if after quarrelsome imprisoned Connolly Vail redeals bullyrag his or gendarmerie unbonnet. inquisitorially. Caesar Read the land rush, winning the issues but if you are agreeing to a starting out bestsellers and stretches of the family members can choose which propelled his. He writes a united states. Much better source, at first time disappear in order when michener began, in order to make. Find all dramatic contact form at its current generation of stokers. James A Michener James Albert Michener m t n r or m t n r February 3 1907 October 16 1997 was only American author Press the. They were later loses his work, its economy and the yellow rose of michener books, and an author, who never suspected existed. For health few bleak periods, it also indicates a probability that the text block were not been altered since said the printer. James Michener books in order. Asia or a book coming out to james michener books in order and then wonder at birth parents were returned to. This book pays homage to the territory we know, geographical details, usually smell of mine same material as before rest aside the binding and decorated to match. To start your favourite articles and. 10 Best James Michener Books 2021 That You certainly Read. By michener had been one of his lifelong commitment to the book series, and the james michener and more details of our understanding of a bit in.
    [Show full text]
  • Maran Harav Ovadia the Making of an Iconoclast, Tradition 40:2 (2007)
    Israel’s Chief Rabbis II: Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu R’ Mordechai Torczyner - [email protected] A Brief Biography (continued) 1. Rabbi Yehuda Heimowitz, Maran Harav Ovadia At a reception for Harav Ovadia at the home of Israel’s president attended by the Cabinet and the leaders of the military, President Zalman Shazar and Prime Minister Golda Meir both urged the new Rishon LeZion to find some way for the Langer children to marry. Defense Minister Moshe Dayan was particularly open about the government’s expectations, declaring, “I don’t care how you find a heter, the bottom line is that we have to rule leniently for those who were prevented from marrying.” By the time Harav Ovadia rose to address the crowd, the atmosphere in the room had grown tense, and it seemed at first that he would capitulate and guarantee to provide the solution they sought. His opening words were: “I am from a line of Rishon LeZions dating back more than 300 years,” he began, “all of whom worked with koha d’heteira to try to solve halachic issues that arose.” But before anyone could misinterpret his words, Harav Ovadia declared, “However, halacha is not determined at Dizengoff Square; it is determined in the beit midrash and by the Shulhan Aruch. If there is any way to be lenient and permit something, the Sephardic hachamim will be the first ones to rule leniently. But if there is no way to permit something, and after all the probing, investigating, and halachic examination that we do, we still cannot find a basis to allow it, we cannot permit something that is prohibited, Heaven forbid.”… On November 15, exactly one month after their election, Harav Ovadia felt that he had no choice but to report to the press that his Ashkenazi counterpart had issued an ultimatum four days earlier: If Harav Ovadia would not join him on a new three-man beit din, Chief Rabbi Goren would cut off all contact with him and refuse to participate in a joint inaugural ceremony.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel's Conquest of Canaan: Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting, Dec
    Israel's Conquest of Canaan: Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting, Dec. 27, 1912 Author(s): Lewis Bayles Paton Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Apr., 1913), pp. 1-53 Published by: The Society of Biblical Literature Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3259319 . Accessed: 09/04/2012 16:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society of Biblical Literature is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Biblical Literature. http://www.jstor.org JOURNAL OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE Volume XXXII Part I 1913 Israel's Conquest of Canaan Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting, Dec. 27, 1912 LEWIS BAYLES PATON HARTFORD THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY problem of Old Testament history is more fundamental NO than that of the manner in which the conquest of Canaan was effected by the Hebrew tribes. If they came unitedly, there is a possibility that they were united in the desert and in Egypt. If their invasions were separated by wide intervals of time, there is no probability that they were united in their earlier history. Our estimate of the Patriarchal and the Mosaic traditions is thus conditioned upon the answer that we give to this question.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Incense Ingrediënts
    Directory of Incense ingrediënts Acacia -see Gum Arabic Agar Wood or Agarci Wood -see Oud Aloes resin. Not to be confused with the sweet smelling diseased wood known as Lignum Aloes, or Aloes Wood (which we stock under the name of Agar Wood). The name confusion arises from a mistranslation in the King James Authorised version of the Bible. Most biblical references simply to "Aloes" should be read as meaning "Lignum Aloes". The Aloes resin is prepared by boiling down the sap of Aloe ferrox -a plant similar to the better publicised Aloe vera. Smoulders to give off a strange green smoke, with a sweet, but "dark" smell. Aloes Wood -see Oud or Lignum Aloes Alum Alum is a white crystalline substance traditionally produced by processing certain rocks and clays. It has many uses such as a “mordant” (ie a fixative) in dying, and for curing animal skins. It is non-toxic. It is also one of the most useful chemicals in the incense-makers cupboard. Alum has no smell when smouldered (although it does have a slight lemon-sherbet taste). However, when ground up with herbs and used in incense it has the amazing property of bubbling up around the herb, and carrying the scent of that herb without the "bonfire" effect that you get if you try to burn the herb by itself. For making incense always use the lump or crystal form of Alum, as the grinding process breaks up the leaves of the herb. Powdered alum does not grind the herb and ends up with a paste.
    [Show full text]
  • AJS Perspectives: the Magazine TABLE of CONTENTS of the Association for Jewish Studies President from the Editor
    ERSPECTIVESERSPECTIVES AJSPPThe Magazine of the Association for Jewish Studies IN THIS ISSUE: Orthodoxy Then and Now SPRING 2008 AJS Perspectives: The Magazine TABLE OF CONTENTS of the Association for Jewish Studies President From the Editor. 3 Sara R. Horowitz York University Editor From the President . 5 Allan Arkush Binghamton University From the Executive Director . 7 Editorial Board Howard Adelman Orthodoxy Then and Now Queen's University Alanna Cooper University of Massachusetts Amherst Becoming Orthodox: The Story of a Denominational Label Jonathan Karp Jeffrey C. Blutinger . 8 Binghamton University Heidi Lerner Historicizing Orthodoxy Stanford University Frances Malino Jay Berkovitz . 12 Wellesley College Vanessa Ochs Thoughts on the Study of the Orthodox Community: University of Virginia After Thirty-Five Years Riv-Ellen Prell Samuel Heilman . 16 University of Minnesota Shmuel Shepkaru University of Oklahoma Religious Feminism in Israel: A Revolution in Process Abe Socher Irit Koren. 20 Oberlin College Shelly Tenenbaum Haredi Counter History: Some Theoretical Clark University and Methodological Aspects Keith Weiser York University Nahum Karlinsky . 26 Steven Zipperstein Stanford University Haredim and the Study of Haredim in Israel: Managing Editor Reflections on a Recent Conference Karin Kugel Kimmy Caplan and Nurit Stadler. 30 Executive Director Rona Sheramy Graphic Designer Perspectives on Technology: Matt Biscotti Wild 1 Graphics, Inc. Researching Orthodox Judaism Online Heidi Lerner . 36 Please direct correspondence to: Association for Jewish Studies Ethnographic Sketches from the Future of Jewish Studies Center for Jewish History 15 West 16th Street Marcy Brink-Danan . 42 New York, NY 10011 Voice: (917) 606-8249 Reflections on Jewish Studies, Twenty Years Later Fax: (917) 606-8222 E-Mail: [email protected] Howard Tzvi Adelman.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by National Documentation Centre - EKT journals Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society Vol. 70, 2019 Effect of Ferula communis L. on reproductive parameters in Awassi ewes ONAL A.G. Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay, Turkey https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.21785 Copyright © 2019 A.G. ONAL To cite this article: ONAL, A. (2019). Effect of Ferula communis L. on reproductive parameters in Awassi ewes. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 70(3), 1625-1630. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.21785 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 21/02/2020 00:00:32 | J HELLENIC VET MED SOC 2019, 70(3): 1625-1630 Research article ΠΕΚΕ 2019, 70(3): 1625-1630 Ερευνητικό άρθρο Effect of Ferula communis L. on reproductive parameters in Awassi ewes A.G. Onal, Y.Z. Güzey Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay, Turkey ABSTRACT. Nutrient composition of the diet affects follicular activity, embryonic development and reproductive hormones in ruminants. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Ferula communis L. on some reproductive parameters of Awassi sheep. The experiment was carried out on 29 (15-16 months old) Awassi ewes. All ewes were allocated to receive either a control (14% CP and 11.7 MJ ME/kg, n=9) or a diet supplemented with 5% (75g, n=10) or 10% (150g, n=10) powdered F. communis root, respectively for 21 days. Oestrus was synchronized using intravaginal sponges, while oestrus behaviour was observed 24, 36 and 48h after the sponge removal.
    [Show full text]