HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ~ 2015 H . B. N ~D. 5 A BILL FOR AN ACT

RELATING TO FOOD.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII:

1 SECTION 1. Chapter 46, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended

2 by adding a new section to be appropriately designated and to

3 read as follows:

4 ‘546- Cottage food operations; permitted use in

5 residential areas. (a) For the purposes of zoning, a cottage

6 food operation shall be considered a residential use of property

7 and shall be a permitted use in all residentially designated

8 zones, including but not limited to. zones for single-family

9 dwellings. No conditional use permit, variance, or special

10 exception shall be required for residences used as a cottage

11 food operation.

12 (b) For purposes of this section, “cottage food operation~

13 has th,e same meaning as in section 328-A.”

14 SECTION 2. chapter 328, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is

15 amended by adding a new part to be appropriately designated and

16 to read as follows:

17 “PART • COflAGE E’OOD OPERATIONS

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1 §328-A Definitions. For purposes of this part, the

2 following definitions shall apply:

3 “Cottage food employee” means an individual, paid or

4 volunteer, who is involved in the preparation, packaging,

5 handling, and storage of a cottage food product, or who

6 otherwise works for the cottage food operation. A cottage food

7 employee does not include an immediate family member or

8 household member of the cottage food operator.

9 “Cottage food operation” means an enterprise that is

10 operated by a cottage food operator, produces non-potentially

11 hazardous food products only in the home kitchen of the cottage

12 food operator’s private home, or in a farm kitchen, for sale to

13 consumers pursuant to this part.

14 “Cottage food operator” means a person who operates a

15 cottage food operation in the individual’s private home or farm

16 kitchen and who is the owner of the cottage food operation.

17 “Cottage food products” means non-potentially hazardous

18 foods, including foods described in section 328-F, and prepared

19 for sale in the home kitchen or farm kitchen of a cottage food

20 operation.

21 “Department” means the department of health.

2015-0828 HB SMA.doc 2 H.B. NO. 1233

1 “Direct sale means a transaction between a cottage food

2 operator and a consumer, where the consumer purchases the

3 cottage food product directly from the cottage food operation,

4 and not from a third party. The term includes but is not

5 limited to transactions at holiday bazaars, bake sales, food

6 swaps, or other temporary events; transactions by mail order;

7 transactions at farm stands and farmers’ markets; or

8 transactions occurring in person at the site of the cottage food

9 operation.

10 “Farm kitchen” means a kitchen that is designed for

11 private, non-commercial use, is located in a building on a farm

12 and not in a private home, complies with all applicable building

13 and zoning laws and is used by a cottage food operator for the

14 production of cottage food products.

15 “Home kitchen” means a kitchen designed and intended for

16 use by the residents of a private home but also used by a

17 cottage food operator for the production of cottage food

18. products. A home kitchen may contain one or more stoves, ovens,

19 and other pieces of equipment designed for residential use,

20 though it may also contain one or more pieces of equipment

2015—0828 HE SMA.doc 3 H.B. NO. )233

1 designed for commercial use if allowed by local building

2 ordinances.

3 ‘Indirect saleTl means an interaction between a cottage food

4 operator, a third-party retailer, and a consumer, where the

5 consumer purchases cottage food products made by the cottage

6 food operation from a third party. The term includes but is not

7 limited to sales made to restaurants, retail shops, or retail

8 food establishments where food may be immediately consumed on

9 the premises.

10 “Private home” means a dwelling, including an apartment or

11 other leased space, where individuals reside.

12 “Registered or permitted area” means the portion of a

13 private home that contains the private home’s home kitchen used

14 for the preparation, packaging, storage, or handling of cottage

15 food products and related ingredients or equipment, or both, and

16 additional rooms within the home that are used for storage.

17 §328-B Requirements for cottage food operations. (a) A

18 cottage food operation shall not be required to obtain a food

19 establishment permit from the department but shall instead be

20 required to obtain a cottage food operation permit as described

21 in subsection (b)

2015-0828 NB SMA.doc 4 H.B. NO. 1233

1 (b) A cottage food operation shall apply for a permit as a

2 class A cottage food operation, subject to the requirements

3 under section 328-c, as a class B cottage food operation,

4 subject to the requirements under section 328-0, or as a class c

5 cottage food operation, subject to the requirements under

6 section 328—E.

7 Cc) A cottage food operation that has a permit issued

8 pursuant to this part shall be subject to the following rules:

9 (1) No personal food preparation, packaging, or handling

10 may occur in the home or farm kitchen concurrently

11 with any other domestic activities, such as family

12 meal preparation, dishwashing, clothes washing or

13 ironing, kitchen cleaning, or guest entertainment;

14 (2) No infants or animals may be in the home or farm

15 kitchen during the preparation, packaging, or handling

16 of any cottage food products;

17 (3) Kitchen equipment and utensils used to produce cottage

18 food products shall be clean and maintained in a good

19 state of repair;

20 (4) All food contact surfaces, equipment, and utensils

21 used for the preparation, packaging, or handling of

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1 any cottage food products shall be washed, rinsed, and

2 sanitized before each use;

3 (5) All food preparation and food and equipment storage

4 areas shall be maintained free of rodents and insects;

5 (6) smoking shall be prohibited in the portion of a

6 private home or farm used for the preparation,

7 packaging, storage, or handling of homemade food

8 products and related ingredients or equipment, or

9 both, while food products are being prepared,

10 packaged, stored, or handled;

11 (7) Potable water shall be used for all washing of hands,

12 utensils, equipment, and surfaces in the home or farm

13 kitchen at all times; and

14 (8) Cottage food operators shall not dump cooking oil or

15 grease into the home or farm kitchen sink or the

16 toilet bowl, and shall not use hot water and soap to

17 wash grease down the drain. Instead, cottage food

18 operators shall place cooled cooking oil in sealed

19 non-recyclable containers and discard with regular

20 garbage, and shall use paper towels to wipe residual

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1 grease or oil oft of dishes, pots and pans prior to

2 washing them.

3 (d) The department shall provide a self-certification

4 checklist for cottage food operations, including requirements

5 related to preparation, packaging, and handling of cottage food

6 products in the home or farm kitchen; equipment and utensils;

7 and sanitation.

8 (e) A cottage food operator or cottage food employee who

9 prepares or packages cottage food products in a cottage food

10 operation shall complete a food safety workshop or class

11 approved or offered by the department within four.months of the

12 cottage food operation becoming registered or obtaining a

13 permit.

14 (f) The department shall post the requirements for class

15 A, B, and C cottage food operations on its website.

16 §328-C Class A cottage food operations; requirements. (a)

17 A class A cottage food operation may engage only in direct sales

18 of cottage food products from the cottage food operation or

19 other direct sales venues.

20 (b) The following requirements apply to class A cottage

21 food operations:

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1 (1) A class A cottage food operation shall not be open for

2 business unless the class A cottage food operation has

3 registered with the department and has submitted a

4 completed self-certification checklist approved by the

5 department. The self-certification checklist shall

6 verify that the class A cottage food operation

7 conforms to this part and any rules adopted pursuant

8 to this part;

9 (2) Except as provided in section 328-I, a class A cottage

10 food operation shall not be subject to initial or

11 routine inspections; and

12 (3) The department shall issue a permit to a class A

13 cottage food operation that meets the requirements of

14 this section.

15 §328-D Class B cottage food operations; requirements. (a)

16 A class B cottage food operation may engage in direct sales and

17 indirect sales of cottage food products, not including acidified

18 or fermented foods, from the cottage food operation, direct

19 sales venues, or a food establishment with a valid permit issued

20 by the department.

2015—0828 HE SMA.doc 8 ~ H.B. N° 1233

1 (b) The following requirements apply to class B cottage

2 food operations:

3 (1) A class B cottage food operation shall not be open for

4 business unless it obtains a permit from the

5 department to engage in the direct and indirect sales

6 of cottage food products and has submitted a completed

7 self-certification checklist approved by the

8 department. The self-certification checklist shall

9 verify that the class B cottage food operation

10 conforms to this part and any rules adopted pursuant

11 to this part;

12 (2) The department shall issue a permit after it has

13 determined that the proposed class B cottage food

14 operation and its method of operation conform to this

15 part; and

16 (3) Except as provided in section 328-I, a class B cottage

17 food operation shall not be subject to more than one

18 inspection per year by the department.

19 §328-E Class C cottage food operations; requirements. (a)

20 A class C cottage food operation may engage in direct sales and

21 indirect sales of all food products, including acidified and

2015—0828 HE SMA.doc 9 H.B. NO. 1233

1 fermented foods, from the cottage food operation, direct sales

2 venues, or a food establishment with a valid permit issued by

3 the department.

4 (b) The following requirements apply to class C cottage

5 food operations:

6 (1) A class C cottage food operation shall not be open for

7 business unless it obtains a permit from the

8 department to engage in the direct and indirect sales

9 of cottage food products and has been approved by the

10 department. The department shall setup a review

11 process, which may include a review with a food

12 processing authority and a special course as provided

13 in section 328-J(c) . The review process shall verify

14 that the class C cottage food operation conforms to

15 this part and any rules adopted pursuant to this part;

16 (2) The department shall issue a permit after it has

17 determined that the proposed class C cottage food

18 operation and its method of operation conform to this

19 part; and

2015-0828 HE SMA..doc ~ H.B. NO. 12.33

1 (3) Except as provided in section 328-I, a class C cottage

2 food operation shall not be subject to more than one

3 inspection per year by the department.

4 §328-F Approved cottage food products. (a) The

5 department shall adopt and post on its website a sample list of

6 non-potentially hazardous foods and their variations that may be

7 offered for sale by a cottage food operation.

8 (b) The list of non-potentially hazardous foods shall be

9 known as the approved cottage food products list and shall

10 include but not be limited to:

11 (1) Baked goods without cream, custard, or meat fillings,

12 such as breads, biscuits, churros, cookies, pastries,

13 cakes, and tortillas;

14 (2) Dried fruit;

15 (3) Dried pasta;

16 (4) Dry baking mixes;

17 (5) Dry herbs, herb blends, and seasoning blends,

18 including seasoning salt;

19 (6) Fruit pies;

20 (7) Granola, dry cereal, and trail mixes;

21 (8) Jams, jellies, chutneys, preserves, and fruit butter;

2015-0828 HB SMA.doc ii H.B. NO. p233

1 (9) Nut mixes and nut butters;

2 (10) Popcorn;

3 (11) Roasted coffee and dried tea;

4 (12) Vinegar and mustard;

5 (13) waffle cones and pizzelles;

6 (14) Cotton candy;

7 (15) Candied apples;

8 (16) Candy such as brittle and toffee;

9 (17) Chocolate-covered nonperishable foods, such as nuts

10 . and dried fruit;

11 (18) Confections such as salted caramel, fudge, marshmallow

12 bars, chocolate-covered marshmallow, nuts, and hard

13 candy, or any combination thereof;

14 (19) Flat icing, buttercream frosting, buttercream icing,

15 buttercream fondant, and gum paste that does not

16 contain eggs, cream, or cream cheese;

17 (20) Dried or dehydrated vegetables;

18 (21) Dried vegetarian-based soup mixes;

19 (22) Vegetable and potato chips;

20 (23) Ground chocolate;

21 (24) shave ice;

2015—0828 HB SMA.doc 12 ~ H.B. NO. izas

1 (25) Doughnuts or andagi;

2 (26) Mochi;

3 (27) Fresh fruit juice made from fruits not including

4 cantaloupe, melon, or tomatoes;

5 (28) Poi; and

6 (29) Sauces, pickles, fermented foods such as sauerkraut

7 and kim chi, and other acidified foods that have an

8 equilibrium pH of 4.6 or less as verified and approved

9 through the process described in section 328-J.

10 (c) The department may add or delete food products to or

11 from the approved cottage food products list described in

12 subsection (b) based on current scientific knowledge related to

13 food safety. Notice of any change to the approved cottage food

14 products list shall be posted on the department’s website. Any

15 change to the approved cottage food products list shall become

16 effective thirty days after the notice is posted. The notice

17 shall state the reason for the change, the authority for the

18 change, and the nature of the change. The notice shall allow at

19 least twenty days for comments to be submitted and shall

20 indicate the physical address or electronic mail address to

21 which comments are to be submitted and the deadline by which the

2015-0828 HB SMA.doc ‘3 H.B. NO. 1223

1 comments are required to be received by the department. The

2 department shall consider all comments submitted before the due

3 date. The department may withdraw the proposed change at any

4 time by notification on the department’s website or through

5 notification by other electronic means. The approved cottage

6 food products list and any updates shall not be subject to the

7 requirements of chapter 91.

8 (d) Cottage food operations may produce non-potentially

9 hazardous foods that are not on the approved cottage food list

10 described in subsection (b) if they submit their product to

11 recipe testing and review, as determined by the department, to

12 ensure the foods are non-potentially hazardous.

13 §328-0 Labeling requirements for cottage food operations.

14 (a) A cottage food operation shall label each cottage food

15 product and include on the label the following:

16 (1) The words ‘Made in a Home or Farm Kitchen that has not

17 been inspected by the Hawaii Department of Health” in

18 at least twelve-point type, displayed in a conspicuous

19 place on the principal display area of the packaging

20 or container;

21 (2) The comon name of the cottage food product;

2015-0828 HB SMA.doc ‘4 ~ H.B. NO. ii3S

1 (3) The name and address of the cottage food operation

2 that produced the cottage food product;

3 (4) The ingredients of the cottage food product, in

4 descending order of predominance by weight;

5 (5) The net weight or net volume of the cottage food

6 product if the product is priced according to its

7 weight;

8 (6) The date of production of the product;

9 (7) Allergen information, if required, as specified in

10 section 403 of the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic

11 Act (21 U.S.C. 343); and

12 (8) Nutrition labeling, if required, as specified in title

13 21 code of Federal Regulations part 101.

14 (b) cottage food products identified and labeled pursuant

15 to subsection (a) are acceptable cottage food products that may

16 be sold by a class B or C cottage food operation in an indirect

17 sale via a retail shop or retail food establishment.

18 §328-H Prohibitions. A cottage food operation shall not

19 process low-acid canned foods or potentially hazardous foods;

20 offer for sale adulterated or misbranded food; refuse an

21 inspection or the taking of samples as authorized by section

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1 328-I or by rule; produce or sell food items not appearing on

2 the approved cottage food products list unless they have prior

3 approval pursuant to section 328-F(d); or sell cottage food

4 products outside the State of Hawaii.

5 §328-I Inspections; food sampling. (a) The department

6 shall only conduct inspections of class A cottage food

7 operations in response to a complaint as described in subsection

8 (b) . The department may require routine inspections of class B

9 and C cottage food operations as it deems necessary to protect

10 public health.

11 (b) If the department receives a consumer complaint about

12 a cottage food operation or cottage food product, the department

13 may access, for inspection purposes, the registered or permitted

14 area of a private home or farm where a cottage food operation is

15 located to determine if the cottage food product is misbranded

16 or adulterated or if the cottage food operation is in violation

17 of this part. If a cottage food operator wtlfully denies access

18 to a department official, the cottage food operator’s permit may

19 be automatically revoked. The department may adopt rules that

20 allow a cottage food operator to re-apply for a permit to

21 operate after its permit has been revoked, and such rules may

2015-0828 HB SMA.doc 16 H.B. NO. 1233

1 entail a follow-up inspection to ensure the cottage food

2 operation is in compliance with all health laws.

3 (c) The department may conduct food sampling of the

4 cottage food product as part of the inspection.

5 Cd) Access to the private home or farm under this section

6 is limited to the registered or permitted area and solely for

7 the purpose of enforcing or administering this part.

8 (e) The department may charge a reasonable permit fee for

9 class B and C cottage food operations which takes into account

10 costs of inspection and related administrative costs. In the

11 event of an inspection conducted in response to a complaint, the

12 department may seek recovery from a cottage food operation of an

13 amount not to exceed the department’s reasonable costs of

14 inspecting the cottage food operation only if the cottage food

15 operation is found to be in violation of this part.

16 Cf) The department.shall adopt rules establishing

17 procedures for the inspection of cottage food operations and

18 standards for food sampling of cottage f pod products.

19 (g) The department shall post on its website a list of

20 cottage food operations whose permits have been revoked.

2015—0828 HB SMA.doc ‘7 H.B. NO. 1233

1 (h) If the department chooses to revoke a cottage food

2 operation permit due to lack of conformity with this part, a

3 list of reasons shall be provided, in writing, to the cottage

4 food operator within seven business days after an inspection has

5 been completed.

6 (i) It is the responsibility of the department to enforce

7 laws described in this part related to public health, and not to

8 enforce local zoning ordinances, or any other laws.

9 §328-J Sauces, pickles, fermented and acidified foods.

10 (a) Any cottage food operation seeking to produce any items

11 listed in section 328-F(b) (29) shall submit recipes for these

12 items to an acceptable process authority, as approved by the

13 department, for product testing and production process review

14 and recommendations.

15 (b) The department may publish a list of acceptable

16 process authorities for reviewing cottage food products

17 described in subsection (a). Process authorities may include

18 any qualified person who has expert knowledge acquired through

19 appropriate training and experience in the processing of

20 fermented and acidified foods, including but not limited to

2015-0828 HB SMA.doc is Page 19 RB. NO. 1233

1 nonprofit organizations, businesses, university departments or

2 extension agencies, and individuals.

3 Cc) Cottage food operators producing acidified foods shall

4 complete a United States Food and Drug Administration approved

5 food processing course and comply with other United States Food

6 and Drug Administration acidified food regulations.

7 Cd) The department may issue further recormuendations for

8 producing acidified foods safely in the tropics.”

9 SECTION 3. New statutory material is underscored.

10 SECTION 4. This Act shall take effect on January 1, 2016.

11 INTRODUCED BY <‘‘M4C’d4’0. E~ tt~4._._

2015-0828 HB SMA.doc JAN 282015 ‘9 H.B. NO.1233

Report Title: Homemade Food; Cottage Food

Description: Expands and creates new categories for homemade food processing for sale to the public. Takes effect on 1/1/2016.

The summary description of legislation appearing on this page is for informational purposes only and is not legislation or evidence of legislative intent.

2015-0828 HB SMA.doc ~ __m____'______"______.__)__u______~____w“_n__”___K_l|u___mw__fi__H__;_Imm_I _I__FmH#____n__I J____“__\____| fifafi_flN__ ___"______h____L_FE ____1____|

E7&1 1__1_H_____ DAVID Y. IGE “_d______|'__d___ VIRGINIA PRESSLER, M.D. GOVERNOR OF HAWAII DIRECTOR OF HEALTH

STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH P. O. Box 3378 Honolulu, HI 96801-3378 [email protected]

Testimony in OPPOSITION to HB1233 RELATING TO FOOD

REP RESENTATIVE DEREK KAWAKAMI , CHAIR HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & BUSINESS Hearing Date: February 6, 2015 Room Number: 312 Time: 9:20 AM

1 Fiscal Implications: This bill has significant fiscal implications that would require resources not provided 2 in the Executive budget

3 Department Testimony: The department opposes this bill as a comprehensive food safety regulation 4 was recently adopted that incorporates the most current science in controlling risk factors known to 5 cause foodborne illness. The measure amends HRS 328 and conflicts with and creates confusion with 6 existing Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR) which currently regulates the food industry. HAR Chapter 50, 7 Food Safety Code already provides the Home-Made food industry the opportunity to produce non- 8 potentially hazardous foods (i.e., cookies, breads, jams, etc.) from their homes for direct sales to 9 consumers. This bill is contrary to HAR Chapter 50 as well as The FDA Model Food Code, which is the 10 national standard for regulating the food industry. The bill introduces the concept of “self-certification,” 11 and requires the department to issue permits but is explicitly prohibited from conducting initial and 12 routine inspections, and limits the frequency of governmental inspections. It also includes unnecessary 13 complexities such as multiple classes of “Cottage Foods” and the implementation of an approval process 14 to add or delete foods for each class of cottage foods. This bill does not address legal and constitutional 15 issues regarding governmental entry and inspection of a person’s domicile and the possible need for 16 search warrants when inspections are refused or interfered with by the operator.

17 Pursuant to legislative resolution SCR 97 (2014), the department has been an integral part of the “Home 18 Made” food industry working group which was tasked to address “Cottage Food Industry” issues and will 19 be making recommendations to this legislature regarding the progress made. The department is willing 20 to amend existing Administrative Rules, as long as it does not increase the possibility of food illness risk- 21 factors known to cause foodborne illness.

22 Thank you for the opportunity to testify.

23 Offered Amendments: None.

COUNTY COUNCIL OFFICE OF THE COUNTY CLERK Mel Rapozo, Chair- /'40»/.7(""’_-T\$‘\\-‘ 4 “ Ross Kagawa, Vice Chair — Ricky Watanabe, County Clerk Mason K. Chock H ‘O W» ‘ ~‘ Jade K. Fountain-Tanigawa, Deputy County Clerk GGary L. Hooser Q Arryl Kaneshiro /éF‘ ,9‘. Q 5!; 01/_|.;')A‘,$"__ill.--11/ KipuKai Kuali‘iKuali’i Telephone (sos)(808) 241-4188 JoAnnJoArm A. Yukimura ‘2 F ,~/'.- FaxFax (808) 241241-6349-6349 IT“ Email [email protected] Council Services Division 4396 Rice Street, Suite 209 Lihu‘e,LThu’e,Kaua’i,Kaua‘i, Hawai’iHawai‘i 96766

February 4, 2015

TESTIMONY OF KIPUKAI KUALI’IKUALI‘I COUNCILMEMBER, KAUA‘IKAUA’I COUNTY COUNCIL ON HB 1233, RELATING TO FOOD House Committee on Economic Development & Business Friday, February 6, 2015 9:20 a.m. Conference Room 312

Dear Chair Kawakami and Members of the Committee:

Thank you for this opportunity to submit testimony in strong support of RBHB 1233, Relating to Food. My testimony is submitted in my capacity as the Economic Development & Intergovernmental Relations Committee Chair and as an individual Councilmember on the Kaua’iKaua‘i County Council. HB 1233 expands and creates new categories for homemade food processing for sale to the public. This endeavor is much needed as the State deals with local food issues which are increasingly becoming more challenging each day. I believe this Bill assists in promoting local food sustainability which provides a boost to the local agriculture community and provides an additional source of fresh, healthy food for our people. As the Economic Development & Intergovernmental Relations Committee Chair, I support all efforts to boost economic development on Kaua’iKaua‘i especially if it warrants a win-win situation for our local fishermen,fishermen, farmers, ranchers, other agricultural producers, and consumers. For the reasons stated above, I strongly encourage the RouseHouse Committee on Government Operations to support this measure. Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact me or Council Services Staff at (808) 241-4188.

Sincerely, aura ~@\: Q F~ +.

KIPUKAIKIPUKAT KUALI‘IKUALI’I Councilmember, Kaua’iKaua‘i County Council

SS:lc

AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER

49/ ulupono INITIATIVE

Email: [email protected]

HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HB1233 Friday, Feb. 6, 2015 — 9:20 a.m. — Room 312

Tasting Kaua‘i Strongly Supports Bill Number HB1233, Relating to cottage food operations; permitted use in residential areas.

Dear Members of the Committee:

My name is Marta Lane and I am an author and the founder of Tasting Kaua‘i, a Hawai‘i- based company that offers experiential learning and publications to people who want to connect with the island’s culture through food. We believe that self-sufficiency includes growing food in backyard gardens, shopping at farmers markets, supporting those who use locally grown ingredients when making value added products and dining at restaurants who source ingredients from local fishermen, farmers and ranchers.

Tasting Kaua‘i strongly supports HB1233, because it aligns with our goal of providing more locally produced food. As Hawaiʻi’s local food issues become more complex and challenging, organizations need additional resources and support to address and overcome them. We appreciate this committee’s efforts to look at solutions in assisting local food production.

We believe that by collaborating we can help produce more local food, support an economically strong homegrown agriculture industry, which strengthens our community with fresh, healthy food. Thank you for this opportunity to testify.

Respectfully,

Marta Lane Owner

Investing in a Sustainable Hawai‘i

999 Bishop Street, Suite 1202 | Honolulu, HaWai'i 96813 T 808.544.8960 F 808.544.8961 | www.u1upono.com

The passage of HB1233 is essential to the building of small farm sustainability. If we as a culture in Hawaii are to support agriculture, educating growers and allowing them to sell value added products made safely in home kitchens is the number one priority. Personally I would much rather buy something from a trainer producer making it at home than from someone no knowing what they are doing and making it in a certified kitchen. Hawaii needs this legislation, farmers need this legislation and small business across the state needs this legislation. It’s essential for our collective future sustainability and safety. kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Wednesday, February 04, 2015 12:51 PM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/4/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing Mark Suiso Makaha Mangoes Support No

Comments: As a back yard farmer I am encouraged by this thoughtful legislation. It provides for a reasonable procedure for the back yard / hobby producer. In the recent past the barriers to make a honest home business were too excessive. This provides for a procedure for people to enter the market based on consideration of the risks. It is not excessive.

Please note that testimony submitted less than 24 hours prior to the hearing, improperly identified, or directed to the incorrect office, may not be posted online or distributed to the committee prior to the convening of the public hearing.

Do not reply to this email. This inbox is not monitored. For assistance please email [email protected]

1 kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Wednesday, February 04, 2015 5:35 PM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/4/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing Betsy Cole The Kohala Center Support No

Comments: The Kohala Center, a community-based institute for research, conservation, and education with a focus on food self-reliance, energy self-reliance and ecosystem health, recently prepared a report at the request of last year’s legislature entitled Hawai‘i Cottage Food Business Working Group Report, 2014. We did so in consultation with national food preparation experts, representatives from the Hawaii Departments of Health and Agriculture, small businesses and agricultural ventures. HB 1233 contains this stakeholder group’s recommendations to adjust Department of Health procedures to create greater opportunity for small food producers to expand their operations and gain the ability to sell their products to a wider market, while retaining regulations to protect public safety. Because careful and expert consideration was involved in the development of these recommendations, The Kohala Center strongly supports passage of House Bill 1233.

Please note that testimony submitted less than 24 hours prior to the hearing, improperly identified, or directed to the incorrect office, may not be posted online or distributed to the committee prior to the convening of the public hearing.

Do not reply to this email. This inbox is not monitored. For assistance please email [email protected]

1 HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT && BUSINESSBUSINESS Friday, February 6,6, 20152015 ——- 9:209:20 a.m.a.m. —— RoomRoom 312312

The Local FoodFood Coalition Strongly Supports HB 1233 withwith anan AmendmengAmendment, Relating to Food

Dear Chair Kawakami, Vice Chair Kong, andand Members of the Committee:

The Local FoodFood CoalitionCoalition stronglystrongly supports HBHB 1233 withwith anan AmendmentAmendment, which comprises the recommendations ofof thethe CottageCottage Food Working Group organized fromfrom SCRSCR 97 from the 20142014 Legislative session.session. WeWe supportsupport this bill because it will increase 4 Ag Hawai‘iHawaii consumption ofof local foods and increase Hawaii'sHawai'i's foodfood self-self- HawaiiHawai‘i AquacultureAquaculture && sufficiency. ItIt isisanticipated anticipated thatthat the ability to work inin homehome kitchenskitchens Aquaponics Association will increase thethe useuse ofof locallocal foodsfoods inin small-scalesmall-scale value-addedvalue-added Hawai‘iHawaii Association of production andand allowallow for start-up operationsoperations thatthat couldcould grow.grow. i Independent Schools Furthermore, thisthis billbill updates regulationsregulations toto meetmeet thethe needsneeds ofof aa I Hawai‘iHawaii Cattlemen'sCatt|emen‘s CouncilCouncil growing industry that cancan provideprovide residentsresidents withwith increasedincreased locallocal Hawai‘iHawaii FarmFami Bureau foods and local economic development, especially in rural areasareas ofof thethe Federation state. At thethe same time, the working groupgroup keptkept publicpublic safetysafety inin mindmind HawaiiHawai‘i Farmers'Farmers’ UnionUnion and attempted toto findfind aa balancebalance betweenbetween supportingsupporting locallocal foodfood United consumption and publicpublic health. There has been nono singlesingle instance ofof HawaiiHawai‘i Food IndustryIndustry illness associated with legallylegally permitted homemadehomemade foodfood salessales bothboth Association within HawaiiHawai‘i and other states.states. HawaiiHawai‘i FoodFood Manufacturers AssociationAssociation The cottage food industry,industry, which sells non-hazardousnon-hazardous food products Kohala Center prepared inin aa homehome kitchen,kitchen, isis a growing movement across thethe nationnation Malama Kaua‘iKauai as consumers areare lookinglooking forfor uniqueunique high-qualityhigh-quality foodfood products.products. MoreMore |, Maui School Garden than 3030 states havehave lawslaws or regulations permittingpermitting direct-to-consumerdirect-to-consumer Network sales of cottage foods. TheThe DepartmentDepartment of Health noted that theythey issueissue Ulupono InitiativeInitiative about –1,300~ 1,300 non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous temporarytemporary foodfood establishment permitspermits aa year.year. BasedBased uponupon thethe surveysurvey conductedconducted during the workingworking groupgroup processprocess fromfrom thethe KohalaKohala Center,Center, thethe annualannual revenue forfor aa cottagecottage foodfood operatoroperator isis betweenbetween $1,000$1,000 toto $35,000.$35,000. With less restrictions, thethe majoritymajority ofof respondents indicatedindicated theythey could increase their revenuerevenue byby –$5,000,-$5,000, althoughalthough somesome believebelieve theythey can increase sales by 30% to 50%. We roughlyroughly estimateestimate the current size oftheof the cottage foodfood market toto bebe $20$20 million.million.

A keykey pointpoint toto understandunderstand is thesethese proposed regulations areare designeddesigned to cover a small homemade cottagecottage foodfood operator.operator. IfIf aa cottagecottage foodfood operator's productproduct growsgrows rapidlyrapidly andand thusthus willwill requirerequire moremore processing capacities suchsuch asas foundfound inin commercialcommercial kitchens,kitchens, thenthen there isis moremore regulatoryregulatory scrutiny.scrutiny. Therefore,Therefore, thethe focusfocus ofof thisthis billbill should look at whatwhat challenges thesethese smallersmaller operatorsoperators encounter.encounter. The Local Food Coalition SupportsSupports AllAll FormsForms ofof Agriculture.Agriculture.

This bill addsadds three different classesclasses forfor cottage foodfood operations andand definesdefines theirtheir regulatoryregulatory requirements. TheseThese includeinclude ClassClass A:A: directdirect salessales only,only, ClassClass B:B: indirectindirect sales,sales, andand ClassClass C:C: direct andand indirectindirect salessales ofof acidifiedacidified andand fermentedfermented foods.foods. WhileWhile cottagecottage foodfood operatorsoperators areare currently allowed to sell directly to consumers under the temporarytemporary foodfood establishmentestablishment permit, we believe indirect salessales shouldshould bebe allowed.allowed. In a world where transactions areare conducted remotely throughthrough shipping,shipping, thisthis wouldwould allowallow forfor increasedincreased opportunitiesopportunities forfor consumers on other islandsislands toto procureprocure deliciousdelicious locallocal homemade products. Furthermore,Furthermore, allowing salessales toto restaurants,restaurants, distributors,distributors, andand retailretail shopsshops willwill alsoalso allowallow these homehome businesses toto bebe ableable toto growgrow intointo economicallyeconomically viable businesses andand provideprovide consumersconsumers with increasedincreased locallocal foodfood options.options.

Through the working group meetingsmeetings andand discussionsdiscussions withwith DepartmentDepartment ofof Health,Health, wewe werewere able to identify training classesclasses for cottage food operators, requirementsrequirements forfor permitting,permitting, labeling criteria, a process forfor identifyingidentifying approvedapproved cottagecottage foodfood products,products, andand a aprocessprocess forfor inspectors. We believe thesethese increased processesprocesses willwill helphelp growgrow thethe cottagecottage foodfood industryindustry inin aa safe andand transparenttransparent manner.manner.

One amendmentamendment we would like toto propose is to replace th<;pa_ragraph_inthe paragraph in _Septig1Section 11 regardingrggarding Loping.zoning. Ant_icipati_ngpotential_concernsAnticipatingpotential concerns bybythe the countycounty zoningzoningauthorities,we authorities, we insteadinsgead proposepropose the followingfollowing language:langpage:

(a) A city,city, county,county, oror citycity andand coui3ty_shallcounty shall not [gohibjtprohibit aa cottagecottage foodfood operation,operation, asas defineddefined inip §3_28;Agn§328-A, in arppresidentialany residential dwellings or in anypermittedany permitted buildingsbuildings onon farms,farms, butbut_shalI_do_on§ shall do one of the followinp:following: (1)[1] ClassifyClassifiga a cottagecottage foorioperatipnasfood operation as aa_pe_rrp_itped permitted useuse ofof residentialresidential propertyproperty forfor zoningzoning purposes. f_21Grant2 Grant aa nondiscretionarnondiscretionarjppermit • ermit toto useuse azrre§iden_ce_as_anycpttage residence as an cotta e foodfood opperation eration thatthat gopipliescomplies with local ordinancesordinances prescribipgprescribing reasonablereasona,bl_e standards,stantlards,,re_st[ict:_iorls, restrictions, andgnd requirementspequigeipents concerningconcerning spacingspacirg andand concentration,concentration, traffictraffic control,controlpigrking, parking, andand noisenoise controlQ()IlLI‘QlI‘§l3§lllgI0_l;l1Q§EJ10[Il€§LAl1Y_[10l§B§IZ-ll1dQI'(§_ relating to those homes. Any noise standards shallShall bebe consistentconsistent withwith locallocal noisenoise ordinances. The permit issued pursuantpursuant toto thisthis paragraph shallshall bebggranted granted byby thethe zoningzopimg administratoradplipistijatop or if therethere5 isnp nozpn_i_ng_administratQr,by_the4Jersop zonin administrator b the •erson oror ersonspersons desi•nateddesigpapedby b the planning agency togrant grant these permits,permitsgpgon upon thethe certificationcertification withoutwithou; aa hearing.healing. Tht2_lor;alThe local governmentgovernmenpshall shall processproc_ess_any any requiredrequired permitpermit asas economicallyeconomically asas possible.possible. FeesFees chargedcharged forfor review shall not exceedexceed the costscosts pfof the §evi_eW_review and permitperipit process.process. AnAn applicantapplicant maymay requestrtgipuest a_verificationa verificationof offees, feesand andthe thecity,_county, ci coun oror cicity andand councpunty shallshallprpvicie • rovide thethe a 98applicant licant withwith aa writtenyyritgen breakdownbreakdown within 45 dadays s ofof thethe rerequest. uest. TheThe aapplication II lication form frpifor cpttggecotta e foodfood pperationoperation permits shallshpll includeinclpdga a §,ta;en1ent_of_the_applicant’sstatement of the applicant's rightlight toto requestregpest thethe writtenwritten feefee verification.verification. [bllnponpection0) In connection with anyany actionaction takentaken pursuant to paragraphra hj_ 22) piifibifoor L3) pf spbdivipiopIbdivisicm(a),(S a a city, count,prcounty,gr citycityargd cpuritycounty shalldo allalloiithefoflowimg; of the followin : f11[lltlpon Upon thethe requestrequest of an applicantypprovideapplicant, provide aa list of the permitspermitsand and feesfe_§S thatii1H_t_&lf§ are requiredrequired bytheby the city, coung,county, oror citycity andand county,county, includingincluding informationinformation about ptherother permitsp_errnits__th_at that may1_'nay_be be pqpiiredrequired byby otherother departmentsdepgrtpients inin thethe city,citypccmnty, county, orpr citycity andand county,county, oror byby otherother publicpublic agencies. The cityioungg,city, county, or city andand copntycounty shall,shalpuponreqtieg upon request ofoiamy any applicant,gpplicant, alsoalso provideprovide The Local Food Coalition SupportsSupports AllAll FormsForms ofof Agriculture.Agriculture. info;-mationinformation about thethe anticipatedanticipated_length length ofof_time_for time for reviewingreviewing andand processingprpcessjng thethe permitpermit application. f[2] 2) UponUpon thethe requestrequest of anapplicaptpprovidean applicant, provide informationinformation onon thethe breakdownbreakdown ofof anyany individualindividual fees chargpdcharged ipin connection with the issuance of the permit.permit [3_Llf3 If aa dedeposit osit isis rere_quired uired toto covercover thethe costpostpf of the permit,_provide• ermit rovide informationinformation toto thethe applicant about thethe estimatedestimateafinal final costcost toto thethe applicant ofof thethe permit,permit, andand proceduresprocadures forfor receivingareceiving a ref_undrefund from thethaportion portion ofof thethe depositdeposit notnot used.used. fc)[c_LCottage Cottage foodfood operationsoperations shall be considapedconsidered pesidencesresidences forfor thethe purposespurposes ofof allall statestate andand local building and firefire codes.codes.

The Local FoodFood CoalitionCoalitionmembers members camecame togethertogether with oneone commoncommon goal:goal: to promote thethe local production of food inin aa sustainablesustainable and economically sound manner toto benefitbenefit Hawaii'sHawai‘i’s people through the revitalizationrevitalization andand expansionexpansion ofof ourour state'sstate's agriculturalagricultural sector.sector.

We believe that by collaborating wewe cancan helphelp produceproduce moremore locallocal food,food, supportsupport anan economically strongstrong homegrownhomegrown agriculture industry, which strengthens ourour communitycommunity withwith fresh, healthy food.food. Thank you for this opportunity toto testify.testify.

Respectfully,

Brandon LeeLee On Behalf of thethe Local Food Coalition

The Local Food Coalition SupportsSupports AllAll FormsForms ofof Agriculture.Agriculture. THE KOHALAICENTER education environment empowermeniN

Hawai‘iHawail CottageCottage FoodFood BusinessBusiness WorkingWorking GroupGroup Report,Report, 20142014

January 13,I3, 20152015

Prepared by:by: TheThe Kohala Center

For Ulupono Initiative and thethe CottageCottage FoodFood BusinessBusiness WorkingWorking GroupGroup INTRODUCTION

Pursuant to legislativelegislative mandatemandate S.C.R.S.C.R. No.No. 9797 (2014),(2014), UluponoUlupono Initiativeinitiative convenedconvened a aCottageCottage FoodFood Business Working Group comprised of representatives from the HawaiiHawai‘i DepartmentDepartment ofof HealthHealth (HDOH)(HDOH) and the cottage food industry. A list of the members of thethe WorkingWorking GroupGroup isis includedincluded inin Appendix A.A.

On October 15,I5, 2014,2014, representativesrepresentatives fromfrom thethe cottagecottage foodfood industryindustry gatheredgathered inin HonoluluHonolulu toto discussdiscuss thethe current regulatory frameworkframework governinggoverningthe the salesale ofof homemadehomemade foodfood inin Hawai‘i,Hawaii, andand toto developdevelop draftdraft recommendations forfor a new legal framework toto promotepromote growthgrowth inin Hawai‘i’sHawaii's cottagecottage foodfood industryindustry whilewhile protecting public health.health.

In developing the recommendations,recommendations, thethe industryindustry groupgroup waswas guidedguided byby thethe followingfollowing principles:principles:

'• Local food production is integral to Hawai`i'sHawai‘i’s economiceconomic developmentdevelopment andand foodfood securitysecurity '• Food safety is essential '• Education and trainingtraining areare importantimportant meansmeans ofof achievingachieving foodfood safetysafety '• Proper product labelinglabeling isis necessarynecessary '• Permits can help promote regulatoryregulatory compliancecompliance '• HDOH requires sufficientsufficient resourcesresources toto implementimplement lawslaws andand regulationsregulations

The industry groupgroup alsoalso acknowledgedacknowledged statestate andand federalfederal mandatesmandates toto increaseincrease locallocal foodfood production,production, including:

'• Hawai‘i’sHawaii's "Increased“Increased FoodFood SecuritySecurity andand FoodFood Self-SufficiencySelf-Sufficiency Strategy,"Strategy,” whichwhich notesnotes thatthat “replacing"replacing just 10%10% of the food HawaiiHawai‘i currentlycurrently importsimports wouldwould amountamount toto approximatelyapproximately $313$313 million dollars"dollars” remaining inin thethe State'sState‘s economyeconomy (Office(Office ofof Planning,Planning, DepartmentDepartment ofof BusinessBusiness Economic Development && Tourism;Tourism; ELI”I/341168eiifliisliisllov*'db¢<¥Ii§2&$Pb/1NCRE.o§lii2:EQ€?Ql3E§;Qi$LlfL£~§D_t‘(2QD_3http:iffiles.hawaii.go% dbedEop spb4NCREASED FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD SELFFlF_.S S EFLCiEi£;Y_S1§R;1_T_E§i}’si>_d_f);DEFICIENCY S1 RATEGY :pd0; andand '• The United States Department of Agriculture'sAgriculture’s allocationallocation ofof $27$27 millionmillion inin competitivecompetitive grantsgrants toto support local food efforts suchsuch asas foodfood hubshubs andand locallocal processors.processors.

On October 16,16, 2014,2014, membersmembers of thethe industryindustry groupgroup metmet withwith HDOHHDOH toto discussdiscuss thethe currentcurrent rulesrules regulating salessales ofof homemadehomemade foodfood andand potentialpotential changeschanges toto thethe legallegal framework.framework. 1-11)011HDOH notednoted thatthat it ithashas rulemaking authority toto adoptadopt aa revisedrevised frameworkframework forfor homemadehomemade foodfood operations,operations, andand requestedrequested thatthat thethe industry group give HDOHHDOH anan opportunityopportunity toto reviewreview andand respondrespond toto proposedproposed recommendationsrecommendations beforebefore seeking new legislation. HDOH recognized that new legislation would be requiredrequired toto implementimplement changeschanges that HDOH isis unwillingunwilling toto implementimplement throughthrough rulerule changes.changes.

During November 2014, TheThe KohalaKohala CenterCenter solicitedsolicited feedbackfeedback onon thethe draftdraft recommendationsrecommendations fromfrom HDOH and the public. The originaloriginal draftdraft recommendations can be foundfound inin Appendix B, with HDOI-l’sHDOH's response in Appendix C, and comments from thethe publicpublic inin Appendix D.

AfterAfler reviewingreviewing the feedbackfeedback from HDOHHDOH andand thethe public,public, thethe industryindustry groupgroup developeddeveloped revisedrevised recommendations, outlinedoutlined below.below.

2 CURRENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK

HawaiiHawai‘i RevisedRevised StatutesStatutes SectionSection 328-11328-ll providesprovides HDOHHDOH withwith thethe authorityauthority toto prescribeprescribe regulationsregulations providing for the issuanceissuance of permitspermits forfor thethe manufacturing,manufacturing, processing,processing, andand packingpacking ofof foodsfoods thatthat maymay pose a healthhealth riskrisk toto consumersconsumers byby reasonreason ofof contaminationcontamination withwith microorganisms.microorganisms. PursuantPursuant toto thisthis authority, thethe HawaiiHawai‘i DepartmentDepartment of HealthHealth hashas adoptedadopted thethe "Food“Food SafetySafety Code"Code” (Hawaii(Hawai‘i Administrative Rules,Rules, Chapter 11-50),11-50), which requiresrequires "food“food establishments"establishments” andand "temporary“temporary foodfood establishments”establishments" to undergoundergo aa permittingpermitting processprocess forfor thethe salesale ofof foodfood toto thethe public.public.

Food Establishments HDOH definesdefines "food“food establishments"establishments” as anyany placeplace usedused forfor thethe purposepurpose ofof storing,storing, preparing,preparing, serving,serving, manufacturing, packaging, transporting, or otherwiseotherwise handlinghandling foodfood atat thethe retailretail oror wholesalewholesale level,level, andand any operation where food is provided to thethe public,public, withwith oror withoutwithout charge.charge. FoodFood establishmentsestablishments includeinclude restaurants, cafes, coffee shops, and grocerygrocery stores.stores. AllAll foodfood establishmentsestablishments mustmust operateoperate withwith aa validvalid permit from HDOH,HDOH, withwith exceptionsexceptions includingincluding establishmentsestablishments selling onlyonly wholewhole uncutuncut fruitsfruits andand vegetables and establishments selling only prepackaged, shelf-stableshelf-stable foods.foods.

The Food SafetySafety CodeCode requiresrequires foodfood establishmentestablishment kitchenskitchens andand facilitiesfacilities toto receivereceive certificationcertification fromfrom HDOH. The requirementsrequirements for certifiedcertified kitchens includeinclude aa numbernumber ofof specificspecific equipmentequipment andand buildingbuilding parameters.

The Food Safety Code prohibits food establishmentsestablishments fromfrom sellingselling foodfood mademade inin aa privateprivate kitchen.kitchen.

Temporary FoodFood EstablishmentsEstablishments ("TFE")(“TFE”) HDOH definesdefines "temporary“temporary food establishments"establishments” as any foodfood establishmentestablishment thatthat operatesoperates atat aa fixedfixed location for a limitedlimited period of timetime andand doesdoes notnot exceedexceed 2020 daysdays inin anyany 120-day120-day periodperiod andand doesdoes notnot sellsell products to otherother foodsfoods establishments.establishments. TemporaryTemporary foodfood establishmentsestablishments includeinclude farmersfarmers marketsmarkets andand community events such as fairs, sporting events,events, andand bake sales.sales.

HDOH allows the sale ofof homemadehomemade non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods atat temporarytemporary foodfood establishments,establishments, including cookies, breads,breads, jams,jams, jellies, candies,candies, chocolates, whole produce, cut fruitfruit (except(except forfor cantaloupes, melons, and tomatoes), cotton candy, dry herbs,herbs, nuts,nuts, rubs,rubs, andand spices.spices. However,However, suchsuch foodsfoods may only be soldsold directlydirectly toto consumersconsumers andand maymay notnot bebe soldsold toto otherother foodfood establishments.establishments. PotentiallyPotentially hazardous foods (foods(foods thatthat requirerequire temperaturetemperature controlscontrols toto limitlimit bacterialbacterial growth)growth) soldsold atat temporarytemporary foodfood establishments must bebe produced inin aa certifiedcertified kitchen.kitchen.

Limitations ofCurrentof Current RegulatoryRegulatory FrameworkFramework The current regulatory framework creates several challenges for value-addedvalue-added foodfood producersproducers inin Hawaii,Hawai‘i, including:

I.l. RestrictingRestricting salessales ofof homemadehomemade foodfood toto direct-to-consumerdirect-to-consumer sales,sales, eveneven whenwhen productsproducts areare non-non- potentially hazardous. 2. RestrictingRestricting salessales ofof homemadehomemade foodfood toto 2020 daysdays withinwithin anyany 120-day120-day periodperiod (per(per temporarytemporary foodfood establishment location), even when products areare non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous.hazardous.

In order toto overcomeovercome thesethese challenges,challenges, producersproducers ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods mustmust produceproduce foodfood in a certifiedcertified kitchenkitchen thatthat adheresadheres toto HDOH'sHDOH’s requirements.requirements. AcquiringAcquiring landland andand buildingbuilding a acommercialcommercial kitchen is an expensive endeavorendeavor thatthat isis unaffordableunaffordable forfor manymany newnew andand smallsmall businesses.businesses. WithWith respectrespect toto leasing certifiedcertified kitchenkitchen space,space, therethere are veryvery fewfew certifiedcertified kitchenskitchens availableavailable forfor rentrent inin Hawaii,Hawai‘i, especially inin rural areas. For example, Hawai‘iHawaii Island'sIsland‘s PunaPuna andand KonaKona DistrictsDistricts lacklack anyany certifiedcertified

3 community kitchens, and the entire island of Kaua‘iKauai lackslacks anyany certifiedcertified communitycommunity kitchens,kitchens, althoughalthough oneone is currently under construction onon thethe northnorth shore.shore.

For the fewfew certifiedcertified communitycommunity kitchenskitchens thatthat areare available,available, useuse ofof thesethese facilitiesfacilities isis unfeasibleunfeasible forfor manymany producers. Hourly rental ratesrates quicklyquickly becomebecome costcost prohibitiveprohibitive forfor smallsmall foodfood businesses,businesses, especiallyespecially forfor those who makemake foodsfoods withwith longlong processingprocessing times,times, suchsuch asas drieddried fruit.fruit. InIn addition,addition, manymany communitycommunity kitchens have limitedlimited equipmentequipment andand insufficientinsufficient spacespace forfor storagestorage andand refrigeration,refrigeration, whichwhich restrictsrestricts thethe types and quantities ofof products thatthat maymay bebe produced.produced. LowLow populationpopulation densitydensity inin ruralrural areasareas oftenoften meansmeans that certified community kitchens,kitchens, ifif available, areare many milesmiles away.away. WithWith gas prices in Hawai‘iHawaii beingbeing the highest inin thethe nation,nation, travelingtraveling longlong distancesdistances cancan bebe costcost prohibitiveprohibitive forfor smallsmall businesses.businesses.

RECOM_MENDATlONRECOMMENDATIONSS FOR HOMEMADE FOOD OPERATIONS ININ HAWAPIHAWAI‘l

In order to mitigate thethe challengeschallenges facingfacing value-added food producers in HawaiiHawai‘i whilewhile protectingprotecting publicpublic health, the industryindustry groupgroup proposesproposes thethe followingfollowing recommendationsrecommendations for aa newnew legallegal frameworkframework forfor homemade food operationsoperations inin Hawai`Hawai‘i, i, defineddefined asas anan enterpriseenterprise thatthat producesproduces —e in a home or farm kitchenkitchen that conforms toto thethe buildingbuilding codecode ofof thethe countycounty inin whichwhich thethe kitchenkitchen isis locatedlocated —~ allowableallowable foodsfoods forfor salesale to thethe public.public. LawsLaws applicableapplicable toto homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations wouldwould notnot applyapply toto temporarytemporary foodfood establishments.

The proposed regulatory framework draws upon cottage food lawslaws adoptedadopted byby forty-oneforty-one statesstates andand includes the followingfollowing elementselements toto minimizeminimize thethe riskrisk ofof foodbornefoodbome illness:illness:

A.. Food Safety Training; B.. Safe Food Handling Guidelines; C.. Product Labeling; D. Limiting the Types of Allowable Foods for HomeHome Production; andand mpOw>E. Permits.

A. FOOD SAFETY TRAININGTRAll\t'lNG

Recommendation: Homemade food operations must demonstrate adequate food safetysafety trainingtraining byby completingcompleting oneone ofof thethe following training coursescourses andand passingpassing thethe accompanyingaccompanying foodfood safetysafety test:test:

l.1. eFoodl-IandlersmeFoodliandlersTm BasicBasic FoodFood Safety Course, offered online atat v§f{_\§’\t'._ltl_l_OQ(ill§il3(ll§t":.§:L).tll§■ wv% .hifoodhandlers.com; or 2. ServSafe®ServSafet FoodFood HandlerHandler Program, offered onlineonlineat atyg§.r*u"_,_ser\_¢$_at@cp_1pQs;;jpg>tllytng,lle3'; wn.servsafe.comissloodhandler; oror 3. HDOI-I’sHDOH's two-daytwo-day FoodFood SafetySafety CertificationCertification Workshop,Workshop, offeredoffered inin person.person.

Rationale: It is wellwell establishedestablished thatthat certaincertain food-handlingfood-handling practices cancan preventprevent oror reducereduce thethe riskrisk ofof foodbomefoodbome illness. Under current rules and regulations,regulations, HawaiiHawai‘i encouragesencourages butbut doesdoes notnot requirerequire foodfood handlerhandler training. The industryindustry groupgroup recommendsrecommends thatthat homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations completecomplete basicbasic foodfood handlerhandler training to ensure thatthat thesethese operationsoperations understandunderstand commoncommon foodbomefoodbome illnessesillnesses andand keykey foodfood handlinghandling practices.

HDOH currently offers aa voluntaryvoluntary two-daytwo-day FoodFood SafetySafety CertificationCertification WorkshopWorkshop atat nono cost.cost. However,However, requiring all homemade food operations toto taketake thisthis coursecourse wouldwould requirerequire HDOHHDOH toto increaseincrease thethe availability of these workshops,workshops, atat aa significantsignificant costcost toto HDOH.HDOH.

4 Instead, the industryindustry group recommendsrecommends that inin additionaddition toto offeringoffering aa freefree FoodFood SafetySafety CertificationCertification Workshop, the State should accept oneone oror moremore onlineonline foodfood safetysafety coursescourses asas proofproof ofof adequateadequate trainingtraining for homemade food operations. OnlineOnline foodfood safetysafety coursescourses areare easilyeasily accessible,accessible, affordable,affordable, andand currentlycurrently accepted as adequate food safetysafety trainingtraining by numerousnumerous jurisdictions acrossacross thethe countrycountry thatthat mandatemandate foodfood safety training forfor foodfood handlers.handlers.

For example, hifoodhandlers.comhifoodhandlerscom offersoffers thethe eFoodHandlersTmeFoodHandlersTM Basic Food SafetySafety Course,Course, aa 90-minute90-minute online course offering core trainingtraining forfor foodfood servers,servers, handlers,handlers, andand preparers,preparers, followedfollowed byby a atest.test. California, Texas, Illinois, Arizona, and OregonOregon acceptaccept thethe eFoodHandlersT“eFoodHandlersTM online BasicBasic FoodFood SafetySafety Course as adequateadequate foodfood handlerhandler training.training. TheThe eFoodHandlersTMeFoodl-la.ndlers"1 course and test are free,free, whilewhile proofproof ofof course completion costscosts $10.$10.

In addition,addition, thethe NationalNational RestaurantRestaurant AssociationAssociation offers thethe ServSafe®ServSafe® FoodFood HandlerHandler Program,Program, aa 90-90- minute online coursecourse onon basicbasic foodfood safetysafety coveringcovering personalpersonal hygiene,hygiene, cross-contaminationcross-contamination andand allergens,allergens, time and temperaturetemperature controls, and cleaningcleaning andand sanitation,sanitation, followedfollowed byby aa testtesL California,California, Alaska,Alaska, Oregon, Illinois, and Florida, as wellwell asas numerousnumerous countiescounties acrossacross thethe country,country, acceptaccept thethe ServSafe®ServSafe® online Food Handler Program as adequate food handler training. TheThe ServSafe®ServSafet FoodFood HandlerHandler ProgramProgram costs $15.

B. SAFE FOOD HANDLING GUIDELINES

Recommendation: Homemade food operations must comply with thethe safesafe foodfood handlinghandling guidelinesguidelines taughttaught inin anan approvedapproved food safety trainingtraining course, asas wellwell asas thethe followingfollowing requirements:requirements:

1. No [homemade] food preparation, packaging,packaging, oror handlinghandling maymay occuroccur inin the home kitchen concurrent withwith anyany otherother domesticdomestic activities,activities, suchsuch asas family meal preparation,preparation, dishwashing,dishwashing, clothes washing oror ironing,ironing, kitchen cleaning, oror guestguest entertainment.entertainment. 2. No infants or pets maymay bebe inin thethe homehome kitchenkitchen duringduring thethe preparation,preparation, packaging, or handling of any [homemade][homemade] foodfood products.products. 3. Kitchen equipment and utensilsutensils usedused toto produceproduce [homemade][homemade] foodfood products shall be clean andand maintainedmaintained inin aa goodgood statestate ofof repair.repair. 4. All foodfood contactcontact surfaces,surfaces, equipment,equipment, andand utensilsutensils used forfor thethe preparation, packaging, oror handling of any [homemade][homemade] foodfood productsproducts shall be washed, rinsed,rinsed, andand sanitizedsanitized beforebefore eacheach use.use. 5. All food preparation,preparation, and foodfood andand equipmentequipment storagestorage areasareas shallshall bebe maintained free of rodents andand insects.insects. 6. Smoking shall be prohibited in the portion ofof aa privateprivate homehome usedused forfor the preparation, packaging, storage, or handlinghandling ofof [homemade][homemade] foodfood products and relatedrelated ingredientsingredients or equipment,equipment, oror both,both, whilewhile [homemade] foodfood products areare beingbeing prepared,prepared, packaged,packaged, stored,stored, oror handled.‘handled.'

Rationale: As indicated above, it isis wellwell establishedestablished thatthat certaincertain foodfood handlinghandling practicespractices cancan preventprevent oror reducereduce thethe risk of foodbornefoodbome illness.illness. ToTo protectprotect publicpublic health,health, homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations shouldshould bebe requiredrequired toto comply with safe food handling guidelines.

iI CaliforniaCalifornia HomemadeHomemade FoodFood ActAct (California(California HealthHealth andand SafetySafety Code,Code, SectionSection 114365(a)(1)(A)),1l4365(a)(1)(A)), availableavailable atat liitpililty /_§}{_\~f-'\.v.l_;_giiit‘ri_,_p3i,_gi>\u Lhntoca .20 \ nUb Il 1-12l,;,lZ~‘bill,"g1,sni'ab_l6l)1-lyofitl hill asm ab 1601-1650 ab_1(alp__hrli__;_Qlab 1616 1-011 201209212_i_]§)_2 l_<.1h,apter_cQ.lttm}. ,:bsa_ptered.110111. 5 The above-listed requirements are consistentconsistent withwith thethe requirementsrequirements ofof thethe CaliforniaCalifornia HomemadeHomemade FoodFood Act.

C. LABELING

Recommendation: All homemade food productsproducts producedproduced andand soldsold pursuantpursuant toto aa homemadehomemade foodfood operationoperation permitpermit mustmust include a label indicating that the product was "Made“Made inin aa homehome kitchenkitchen thatthat hashas notnot beenbeen inspectedinspected byby thethe Hawai‘iHawai` i DepartmentDepartment ofof Health,”Health," along with the namename andand addressaddress ofof thethe producerproducer andand anan ingredientingredient listlist byby weight.

Homemade food operations selling acidifiedacidified foods must also comply with UnitedUnited States FoodFood && DrugDrug Administration (FDA)(FDA) labelinglabeling requirements.requirements.

Rationale: Notifying consumers that the productproduct waswas mademade inin aa homehome kitchenkitchen allowsallows consumersconstuners toto differentiatedifferentiate between products processed in aa commercialcommercial kitchenkitchen thatthat isis routinelyroutinely inspectedinspected byby HDOHHDOH andand productsproducts made in aa homehome oror farmfarm kitchen.kitchen. RequiringRequiring thethe namename andand addressaddress ofof thethe producerproducer allowsallows HDOHHDOH toto contact homemade foodfood operators in thethe eventevent ofof a aconsumerconsumer complaint.complaint. IngredientIngredient listslists informinform consumers and HDOH of the contentcontent ofof thethe productproduct toto ensureensure thatthat thethe productproduct isis anan allowableallowable foodfood forfor homemade production.production.

D. ALLOWABLEA LLOWABLE FOODSFOODS FORFOR HOME PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

Recommendation: Homemade food operators may produceproduce andand sellsell non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foods,foods, basedbased onon waterwater activityactivity (A„)(Aw) and pH, asas defineddefined inin thethe FoodFood SafetySafety CodeCode (see(see below).below).

Non-potentially hazardous foodsfoods include,include, butbut areare notnot limitedlimited to:to:

I.. BakedBaked goods,goods, suchsuch asas breads,breads, biscuits,biscuits, churros,chturos, cookies,cookies, pastries,pastries, andand tortillastortillas 2. Candy, such as brittle andand toffeetoffee 3.. Chocolate-covered nonperishablenonperishable foods,foods, suchsuch asas nutsnuts andand drieddried fruitfruit 4. Jams, jellies, preserves,preserves, chutneys,chutneys, andand fruitfruit buttersbutters 5.. Whole produce 6. Cut fruit (except forfor cantaloupe,cantaloupe, melon,melon, andand tomatoes)tomatoes) 7. Cotton candy F‘°.*'?“-":'*"*!"““8. Shave ice 9. Doughnuts, andagi, mochi 10. Dried fruit l11.l. Dried pasta 12. Dry baking mixes 13. Dry herbs, herb blends, and seasoning blends andand rubsrubs 14. Fruit pies 15. Nuts 16. Granola, dry cereal,cereal, andand trailtrail mixesmixes I7.17. Nut mixes and nut buttersbutters 18. Popcorn 19. Roasted coffee andand drieddried teatea 20. Vinegar and mustard 21. Waffle cones and pizelles 22. Fresh fruit juice mademade fromfrom fruitsfruits otherother thanthan cantaloupe,cantaloupe, melon,melon, andand tomatoestomatoes

6 23. Hand-pounded poi 24. Some sauces andand liquids/beveragesliquids/beverages 25. Pickles and acidifiedacidified foods 26. Fermented foodsfoods

With respect to itemsitems 24-26,24-26, HDOHHDOH shallshall requirerequire homemadehomemade food operatorsoperators to submitsubmit thesethese itemsitems toto aa process authority —a aqualified qualifiedperson person recognizedrecognized byby HDOH as having expert knowledge acquiredacquired throughthrough appropriate training andand experienceexperience inin thethe processingprocessing ofof suchsuch foodsfoods —— forfor productproduct testingtesting andand productionproduction process review andand recommendations.recommendations.

In addition, homemade food operators must complycomply withwith FDAFDA acidifiedacidified foodfood regulationsregulations (21(21 CFRCFR 114),114), including the completioncompletion of anan approvedapproved foodfood processingprocessing course.course?2 ProducersProducers ofof acidifiedacidified foodsfoods shallshall acidify foods to the HawaiiHawai‘i MasterMaster FoodFood PreserversPreservers acceptedaccepted pHpH rangerange ofof 3.5-4.03.5-4.0 forfor acidifiedacidified foodsfoods produced in the tropics.

Homemade potentiallypotentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods maymay notnot bebe sold to the public.public. SuchSuch foodsfoods include,include, butbut areare notnot limited to:to:

I.. Low-acidLow-acid cannedcanned foodsfoods 2.. Refrigerated foodsfoods 3.. Frozen foods 4. Dairy products 5.. Seafood products o\ui,;su:i\.1.-6.. Dried meats and fishfish

Rationale: Under current HDOH rules,rules, "potentially“potentially hazardoushazardous food"food” meansmeans a afoodfood thatthat requiresrequires time/temperaturetime/temperature control for safetysafety toto limitlimit pathogenicpathogenic microorganismmicroorganism growthgrowth oror toxintoxin formation.formation. PotentiallyPotentially hazardoushazardous food does notnot includeinclude aa foodfood that,that, becausebecause ofof itsits pHpH oror A„,Aw value,value, oror interactioninteraction ofof A,„,Aw andand pHpH values,values, isis designated as a non-potentially hazardoushazardous foodfood byby thethe HDOH.HDOH.

2 2 Dr. Aurora A.A. Saulo,Saulo, ExtensionExtension SpecialistSpecialist inin FoodFood Technology,Technology, CollegeCollege ofof TropicalTropical AgricultureAgriculture && HumanHuman ResourcesResources (CTAHR)(CTAHR) University of HawaiiHawai‘i atat ManoaManoa CooperativeCooperative ExtensionExtension ServiceService FoodFood TechnologyTechnology ProgramProgram offersoffers a a"Better“Better ProcessProcess ControlControl School For ManagersManagers andand SupervisorsSupervisors ofof FoodFood ProcessingProcessing Operations"Operations" Qigp:-vni;i3ioa(Imp: manoa hawaIi.edtLciahrlion-ai_i.edu-ci_a_hQ;acj‘ic-eggs]; pacilichafsp ssrj.

contentCOIl_§£2‘E§)i_fi2_§E_;Q_§»i_EL(El1}tl’Q~I\tQ£};%_L[@), uploads 2012 06 Brochure - Au26 - 9 - 20132 pdt), whichwhich meetsmeets FDAFDA trainingtraining requirementsrequirements forfor thethe productionproduction ofof acidifiedacidified foods. North Carolina State UniversityUniversity has developeddeveloped anan "Acidified“Acidified FoodsFoods ManufacturingManufacturing School"School” program,program, comprisedcomprised ofof anan

online segment and an inin-person- person segment @{tp;(hap fisodsatetN{pods-.it;=;ty ncsuncsu.cd_u_‘ edu ‘el\'.‘i|1ll_l’-iC<.i—liltglfierjtttllttlh§Ilil‘lt:tg;_;:Ci’iQ0l—t'l_t;St1D,doichtled- tbods - mariutachning-school- ncsa), which meets the FDA trainingtraining requirementrequirement forfor thethe productionproduction ofof acidifiedacidified foods.foods. FletcherFletcher Arritt,Arritt, Ph.D.,Ph.D., thethe developerdeveloper ofof thethe NorthNorth CarolinaCarolina State University course and thethe directordirector ofof thethe EntrepreneurialEntrepreneurial InitiativeInitiative forfor FoodFood ProgramProgram withinwithin NorthNorth CarolinaCarolina StateState University’sUniversity's Department of Food,Food, BioprocessingBioprocessing and NutritionNutrition SciencesSciences ExtensionExtension Program,Program, designeddesigned thethe coursecourse soso thatthat otherother universities, such as the University of Hawaici,Hawai‘i, couldcould offer the in-person segment. Inln addition,addition, UniversityUniversity ofof California,California, DivisionDivision of AgricultureAgriculture and NaturalNatural Resources,Resources, offersoffers anan onlineonline BetterBetter ProcessProcess ControlControl School,School, whichwhich meetsmeets FDAl-‘DA requirementsrequirements @l_PI"\VWI?!.li‘llll_rtll(i\’C'YQi§}l3ltI.§l§(l2l\lS:Ctll.l.'€Q_Qj1t£l‘Z§f$lfttif hys‘w fruthindsdnzetahle.uedd) Cooneracise Extensionlg-.‘_.\iti*n_.e~io_11_$i3oa't Short Courses§Tg1irs_e-s‘He|t_t'_r Better Prt>ges§,__(:Rintr<;_iProcess Control SchoolSch0o_l_§}nlmg'). Online ).

7 HawaiTsHawai‘i’s FoodFood SafetySafety CodeCode designatesdesignates foodsfoods withwith thethe followingfollowing pHpH andand AAww values asas non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous (PHF):(PHF)1

1. Heat treated foods:foods: V pl-IpH values _ _ 7 Ay, values Awvalues 4.6orless4.6 or less >4.6t0s.s>4.6 to 5.6 >5.6 g _ _ _ -50.92<0.92 non-PHF non:PHF7non-PHF 7 7 ngrii-Pl-(IFnon-PHF _ 7 >0.92 to 0.950.95 I nim-PHFnon-PHF O 7 noniPl~ll?non-PHF if I Product Assessment _ _ _ _7 _V______, Required >-0.95>0.95 non-PHF Product Assessment Product Assessment -___ pi pi g g _, _ Required,Required Required

2. Non-heat treated foodsfoods orolheagtreated heat-treated butbut notnot packaaedpackaged foodsfoods g _pHpH values I 7 if AwA w values l ,<<4.24.2 Z _* (Zia4.2 to 4};4.6 >>4.64.6 toto 5.05.0 >>5.05.0 <0.88 non-PHF7non-PHF nop-PH_Fnon-PHF non-PHF non-PHFnon-PEW l ass0.88 to 0.90 i1<>nTr>nFnon-PHF [non-PHFnon-PFIF non-PHF Product O Assessment _7 _ _ Required L >090>0.90 to 0.92 non-PHF’non-PHF 1* non-PHF l Product Product Assessment Assessment i_ __7 __ _ 7 U iReguire_dRequired __ __ Required _ >0.92 non-PHF Product Product Product l 1 Assessment 1 Assessment Assessment i _ _ W _ Required RegyiredRequired _ Q Required

HDOH currently considers the followingfollowing foodsfoods oto bebe non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous:hazardous: cookies,cookies, breads,breads, jams,jams, jellies, candies,candies, chocolates,chocolates, whole uncut fruitsfruits andand produce,produce, cottoncotton candy,candy, drydry herbs,herbs, nuts,nuts, rubs,rubs, andand spices.

AcidifiedAcidified Foods Foods to which an additive, such as vinegar,vinegar, is addedadded asas aa methodmethod ofof preservationpreservation oror reducingreducing pHpH toto render the food non-potentially hazardous areare calledcalled "acidified“acidified foods"foods” andand areare subjectsubject toto specificspecific statestate andand federal rules. Under HDOHHDOH rules,rules, aa producerproducer mustmust applyapply toto HDOHHDOH forfor a avariancevariance toto produceproduce anan acidifiedacidified food product. HDOH may grant a variancevariance byby modifyingmodifying oror waivingwaiving thethe requirementsrequirements ofof thethe HawaiiHawai‘i Food Safety Code if in thethe opinionopinion ofof HDOHHDOH aa healthhealth hazardhazard oror nuisancenuisance willwill notnot result from thethe variance. Other than jams andand jellies,jellies, HDOHHDOH currentlycurrently considersconsiders allall acidifiedacidified foodsfoods toto bebe potentiallypotentially hazardous and prohibits thethe salesale ofof homemadehomemade acidifiedacidified foods.foods.

Registered home food processors inin Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania, Maine,Maine, andand NorthNorth CarolinaCarolina havehave beenbeen safelysafely producingproducing homemade acidifiedacidified foods for decades. See Appendix EE forfor aa letterletter fromfrom SheriSheri L.L. Morris,Morris, FoodFood ProgramProgram Manager with thethe PennsylvaniaPennsylvania DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture,Agriculture, BureauBureau ofof FoodFood SafetySafety andand LaboratoryLaboratory Sciences, indicating aa lack ofof foodbomefoodbome illnessillness outbreaksoutbreaks associatedassociated withwith anyany registeredregistered homehome foodfood processor in thethe state.state. DuringDuring phonephone conversations,conversations, NorthNorth Carolina'sCarolina’s DepartmentDepartment ofof AgricultureAgriculture andand Consumer Services (NCDA&CS) Food Food && DrugDrug ProtectionProtection DivisionDivision andand NorthNorth CarolinaCarolina StateState University’sUniversity's DepartmentDepartment of Food,Food, BioprocessingBioprocessing andand NutritionNutrition SciencesSciences ExtensionExtension ProgramProgram (which(which conducts product testing for NCDA&CS)NCDA&CS) have indicatedindicated a lacklack ofof awarenessawareness ofof foodbomefoodbome illnessillness outbreaks associated with registered homehome foodfood processorsprocessors makingmaking acidifiedacidified foodsfoods inin thethe state.state.

8

lnIn Pennsylvania:

“Limited"Limited Food EstablishmentEstablishment Producers may only "can"“can” foodfood products that reach a pH ofof 4.64.6 oror lessless uponupon completioncompletion ofof thethe recipe (a combinationcombination of pHpH (acid(acid level)level) andand AvailableAvailable WaterWater (Aw) may also be tested).tested). ExamplesExamples ofof [Hypes[t]ypes ofof foodfood productsproducts that mightmight bebe approvedapproved include:include: salsa,salsa, chow-(c]how,chow-[c]how, pickledpickled beets, pickled vegetables,vegetables, hot sauces,sauces, andand barbequebarbeque sauce.sauce. Producers of AcidifiedAcidified Foods must havehave writtenwritten recipes/formulasrecipes/formulas and procedures. YouYou will need to provideprovide aa ProcessProcess FlowFlow forfor your products and have itit approvedapproved byby youryour SanitarianSanitarian priorprior toto registration and sale of your product. ThisThis doesdoes notnot applyapply toto AcidAcid or FermentedFennented Foods.Foods. IfIf you are unsureunsure ifif youryour productproduct isis considered anan AcidifiedAcidified Food, please discussdiscuss withwith youryour Sanitarian.”3Sanitarian."3

Similarly, NCDA&CS, Food & DrugDrug ProtectionProtection Division,Division, allowsallows salessales ofof homemadehomemade acidifiedacidified foodsfoods following:

1. Submission of an application for home processing inspectioninspection iilttnigt(hap: $\'“"~£1.Qé.El.1;t~;i“f§

Maine and Mississippi also allow thethe salesale ofof homemadehomemade acidifiedacidified foodsfoods followingfollowing productproduct testing,testing, andand Kentucky allows sales ofof homemadehomemade acidifiedacidified foodsfoods producedproduced byby farmersfarmers (called(called home-based“home-based microprocessors").microprocessors”). Inln addition,addition, AlaskaAlaska considersconsiders acidifiedacidified foods,foods, fermentedfermented foods,foods, andand certaincertain saucessauces and liquids to bebe non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous andand permitspermits salessales ofof thesethese homemadehomemade itemsitems followingfollowing productproduct testing.A A completecomplete list list ofof allowedallowed foodsfoods inin AlaskaAlaska can bebe foundfound at:at: tiltp:hdec.alaska.ttttnli/;t§9.,a..t:iskass>;-§h¢”£§§="F0od/Doss-uaasnEi>as1W1;.>s§n1nt1..9.n..ant1I‘- +20% ''eh fsstfood/Docs.Cotttcge Food Itzemptions2df.

3 Pennsylvania DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture,Agriculture, BureauBureau ofof FoodFood SafetySafety && LaboratoryLaboratory Sciences,Sciences, LetterLetter toto LimitedLimited FoodFood EstablishmentEstablishment Applicants, available atat Forms APPL IC A minihap IN7“3f*i_E\'~11%%‘i~;i1hm‘?fiililté-P“-'-"L[1i3Fii‘l§£“"":P1'gill?“iiliilllflfiRQl3.ilii?l_1‘_i§l§97 N‘ ag Icultule state pa wLportal serve, pt aatea3. PI AR(iS 0 2 24476 107297 0Q 4343 dewaw¢b§it@;;[email protected]'vwt§ eb,de F iles '/\PPl'|(;¢3 'tlO\5?i>.Zf1?ACKl§I1‘T.?'~@l9iWillED122211?QS_3Dltal9li§i'l‘-*‘~iiLiitlltlfiNIl'T:.-J3U529.:.3i>110\ 3 620174,C Kt 1'1 ,220-113,2041‘11TE D 11 0204 00D1',2011,1 A III 11,11 \IFNI" ,,2000-20141, ~l.P,<3li pd1 9 The FDA doesdoes notnot prohibitprohibit thethe salesale ofof acidifiedacidified foodsfoods,’4 produced inin aa homehome kitchen.kitchen. UnderUnder FDAFDA rules,rules, commercial processors, includingincluding homehome processors,processors, ofof acidifiedacidified foodsfoods areare requiredrequired to:to:

'• Register with the FDAFDA onon FormForm FDAFDA 2541.2541. '• File a scheduled process with the FDAFDA onon FormForm FDAFDA 2541a2541a demonstratingdemonstrating thatthat thethe acidifiedacidified foodfood is mademade pursuantpursuant toto aa scheduledscheduled processprocess establishedestablished by "a“a qualifiedqualified personperson whowho hashas expertexpert knowledge acquired through appropriate trainingtraining andand experienceexperience in thethe acidificationacidification andand processing of acidifiedacidified foods"foods” (21(21 CFR(IFR 114.83)114.83) '• Operate under the supervision “of"of a personperson whowho hashas attendedattended aa schoolschool approvedapproved byby thethe Commissioner for givinggiving instructioninstruction inin food-handlingfood—handling techniques,techniques, food-protectionfood—protection principles,principles, personal hygiene andand plantplant sanitationsanitation practices,practices, pHpH controlscontrols andand criticalcritical factorsfactors inin acidification,acidification, and who hashas beenbeen identifiedidentified byby thatthat schoolschool asas havinghaving satisfactorilysatisfactorily completedcompleted thethe prescribedprescribed course of instruction (21(21 CFRCFR 114.10).114.10). ° Test and examine containerscontainers oftenoften enoughenough toto ensureensure thatthat thethe containercontainer suitablysuitably protectsprotects thethe foodfood from leakage or contaminationcontamination (21(21 CFRCFR 114.80(a)).1l4.80(a)). °• Mark each containercontainer or productproduct withwith anan identifyingidentifying codecode permanentlypermanently visiblevisible toto thethe nakednaked eye.eye. The code shallshall specifyspecify thethe establishmentestablishment wherewhere thethe productproduct waswas packed,packed, thethe productproduct containedcontained therein, and the year, day,day, andand periodperiod duringduring whichwhich itit waswas packedpacked (21(21 CFRCFR 114.80(b)).l14.80(b)).

HDOH’sHDOH's blanket prohibitionprohibition on thethe salesale ofof homemadehomemade acidifiedacidified foodsfoods (except(except forfor jamsjams andand jellies)jellies) isis unnecessary under FDA rules and does not considerconsider thatthat somesome acidifiedacidified foodsfoods maymay bebe safelysafely producedproduced inin a home kitchen by experiencedexperienced andand knowledgeableknowledgeable foodfood producersproducers thatthat adhereadhere toto provenproven andand consistentconsistent processes and comply with FDA rules.

The FDA does not consider fermented foods to bebe anan acidifiedacidified food,food, andand hashas notednoted thatthat itit "could“could notnot findfind reports of cases of botulismbotulism causedcaused byby commerciallycommercially processedprocessed fermentedfermented foodsfoods (44(44 FRFR 1620416204 atat 16204;16204; 44 FR 1623016230 at 16231)."l623l).”55

4 UnderUnder federal lawlaw (21(2l CFR 114.3),114.3), thethe termterm "acidified“acidified foods"foods” isis defineddefined asas "low-acid“low-acid foodsfoods toto whichwhich acid(s)acid(s) oror acidacid food(s)food(s) areare added; these foods include, but are notnot limited to,to, beans,beans. cucumbers,cucumbers, cabbage,cabbage, artichokes,artichokes, cauliflower,cauliflower, puddings,puddings, peppers,peppers, tropicaltropical fruits, and fish,fish, singly or inin anyany combination.combination. TheyThey havehave aa waterwater activityactivity (aw)(aw) greatergreater thanthan 0.850.85 andand havehave a finisheda finished equilibriumequilibrium pH of 4.6 or below. These foods maymay bebe called,called,or or maymaypurport purportto tobe, be,“pickles” "pickles"or or“pickled "pickled_." ." CarbonatedCarbonated beverages,beverages, jams,jams, jellies, preserves, acidacid foodsfoods (including(including suchsuch foodsfoods asas standardizedstandardized andand non-standardizednon-standardized foodfood dressingsdressings andand condimentcondiment sauces)sauces) that contain small amounts of low-acidlow-acid food(s)food(s) and havehave aa resultantresultant finishedfinished equilibriumequilibrium pHpH thatthat doesdoes notnot significantlysignificantly differdiffer from that of the predominant acidacid oror acidacid food,food, andand foodsfoods thatthat areare stored,stored, distributed,distributed, andand retailedretailed underunder refrigerationrefrigeration areare excludedexcluded from the coverage of this part."

The following foods are not subject to the FDA'sFDA’s acidifiedacidified foodfood regulations:regulations: 1. Acid foods (natural oror normalnomial pHpH equalequal toto 4.64.6 oror below)below) 2. Acid foods (including(including suchsuch foodsfoods asas standardizedstandardized andand non-standardizednon-standardized foodfood dressingsdressings andand condimentcondiment sauces)sauces) thatthat contain small amounts of low-acid foodsfoods and have aa resultantresultant finishedfinished equilibriumequilibrium pHpH thatthat doesdoes notnot significantlysignificantly differdiffer from that of thethe predominant acidacid food.food. IfIf therethere isis aa questionquestion aboutabout whetherwhether a aproductproduct isis coveredcovered underunder thethe regulations,regulations, the FDA requiresrequires producersproducers to describe thethe product,product, submitsubmit aa quantitativequantitative formula,formula, listlist pHpH rangesranges forfor eacheach ingredient,ingredient, and submit pH data onon finishedfinished productproduct fromfrom severalseveral productionproduction lots.lots. 3.. Alcoholic beverages 4. Carbonated beverages 5.. Fen-nentedFermented foods 6.‘O\kI|’Ab-I Foods with water activity (A„)(Aw) ofof 0.850.85 oror belowbelow 7. Jams,lams, jellies, oror preservespreserves coveredcovered byby 2121 CFRCFR 150150 5 FDA DraftDrafi Guidance forfor Industry:Industry: AcidifiedAcidified Foods,Foods, SeptemberSeptember 2010,2010, availableavailable atat mi‘})I.“."‘f{‘§‘\J\-Iftld.@\i'FOOgi."(j1llt.lfl1’tQERCggZljl_gL_Qt1l(ll}t}Pt3l)QCllt'l1L3RlSB_CgUletiOi'y_il1l’i)t't1}?lilO1‘t§:\CttltilCtll_,;'\ClE__l._§_§lQ£;k6http:/iwww.fda.govToodiGuidanceReaulation tiuidanceDocumentsRe2ulatorvinformation:AcidifiedIACT uen12226 I 8.i §,@t5]i=¢H_|- htn1411 I - C‘.C.

101 0 E. PERMITS

Recommendation: Homemade food operations must apply forfor anan annualannual "Homemade“Homemade FoodFood OperationOperation Permit"Permit” fromfrom HDOH.HDOH.

The Homemade Food Operation Permit shall be available inin twotwo classesclasses:

° Class A, which allows direct-to-consumer salessales ofof itemsitems 1-231-23 onon thethe listlist ofof allowedallowed foods,foods, above.above.

'• ClassClass B,B, whichwhich allowsallows direct-to-consumerdirect-to-consumer salessales andand wholesalingwholesaling of itemsitems 1-261-26 onon thethe listlist ofof allowed foods, above. In orderorder toto receivereceive aa ClassClass BB permit,permit, homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations shallshall submit to and pass anan inspectioninspection byby HDOHHDOH andand mustmust successfullysuccessfully completecomplete advancedadvanced foodfood safetysafety training, such as thethe ServSafe®ServSafe® ManagerManager Course,Course, availableavailable onlineonline forfor $125$125 (online(online examsexams mustmust be proctored)proctored) (hap:" iw■A tisirvsallgggirtjl[1itila;1c_[,fl'OOd—@}(f§ly-figtllllfl;1—§t§)(l—CE[llllCz1tlon).w.servsale.com'inanagerlfood-safetv-training-and-certitication). Homemade foodfood producedproducedunder under aa Class B permitpermit shallshall bebe anan approvedapproved sourcesource forfor foodfood establishments inin thethe state.state. SalesSales toto distributorsdistributors shallshall notnot bebe permitted.permitted.

Homemade Food Operation Permits will be issuedissued toto homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations that:that:

1. are producing allowable foods;foods; 2. operating in a designated home oror farmfarm kitchenkitchen thatthat conformsconforms toto thethe buildingbuilding codecode ofof thethe countycounty in which the kitchen isis located;located; 3. have complied with product testing and processprocess verificationverification requirementsrequirements for the productionproduction ofof items 24-26 on the list of allowed foods,foods, above,above, 4. have passed inspection (for Class BB permits only);only); andand 5. for which the operator hashas completedcompleted allall requiredrequired training.training.

Homemade food operations seeking toto sellsell foodfood outsideoutside ofof thethe statestate mustmust complycomply withwith federalfederal regulations,regulations, including labeling, ingredients, preparation and handling requirements,requirements, asas wellwell asas thethe statestate andand locallocal lawslaws of the jurisdiction to whichwhich thethe foodfood isis sent.sent.

HDOH shall charge aa reasonablereasonable permitpermit feefee forfor ClassClass BB permits,permits, whichwhich feefee shallshall taketake intointo accountaccount HDOHHDOH staff time required toto completecomplete inspectionsinspections andand executeexecute otherother administrativeadministrative requirements.requirements.

Rationale: HDOH currently allows home-basedhome-based productionproduction ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods underunder aa temporarytemporary food establishment ("TFE")(“TFE”) permit.permit. TFETFE permitspennits allowallow homemadehomemade foodfood producersproducers toto sellsell theirtheir productsproducts atat a specificspecific location, such as a farmers'farmers’ marketmarket oror bakebake sale,sale, forfor aa maximummaximum ofof 2020 daysdays ofof salesale inin anyany 120-120- day window at that location. A producerproducer maymay holdhold multiplemultiple TFETFE permitspermits toto sellsell atat multiplemultiple locations,locations, andand permits may be renewed. TheThe TFETFE permitpermit allowsallows directdirect salessales toto consumersconsumers only.only. TheThe TFETFE permitpermit doesdoes notnot allow homemade food producers toto sellsell theirtheir productsproducts toto foodfood establishmentsestablishments thatthat havehave receivedreceived aa permitpermit from HDOH, such as aa supermarketsupermarket oror aa restaurant,restaurant, sincesince HDOHHDOH considersconsiders residentialresidential kitchenskitchens toto bebe anan unapproved food source forfor permittedpermitted foodfood establishmentsestablishments withinwithin thethe state.state.

Inln AugustAugust andand SeptemberSeptember ofof 2014,2014, HDOHHDOH receivedreceived 1,0271,027 TFETFE applicationsapplications (approximately(approximately 513513 perper month). Of thesethese applications,applications, approximatelyapproximately 850850 werewere forfor thethe productionproduction ofof potentiallypotentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods and required aa certifiedcertified kitchenkitchen (approximately(approximately 425425 perper month).month). ApproximatelyApproximately 177177 TFETFE applicationsapplications were for the productionproduction ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods (approximately(approximately 8888 perper month),month), and,and, ofof these,these, about 797'9 were to produce foodfood atat homehome (approximately(approximately 3939 applicationsapplications perper month).month). OfOf thethe 7979 homemadehomemade food TFE permits, 11ll entities accountedaccounted forfor 4646 ofof thethe applications.applications. TheThe otherother 3333 applicationsapplications werewere variousvarious entities with some overlap.overlap. TheThe mostmost prevalentprevalent homemadehomemade foodfood itemsitems forfor salesale were:were:

ll11 '• kettle corn/popcorn;com/popcorn; '• baked goods (cookies, cakes,cakes, cupcakes,cupcakes, andand breads);breads); '• shave ice;ice; '• jams, jellies, chutneys;chutneys; '• doughnuts, andagi, mochimoch (deep(deep friedfried foods);foods); '• cotton candy; andand °• coffee products.

The proposed Homemade Food Operation Permit would differ fromfrom thethe TFETFE permitpermit inin thethe followingfollowing ways:

i Homemade Food Homemade Food Operation i TFE Permit Operation Permit, Permit, ; _, __ _ QlassClass A _, _ Class B l, _PerlqdPeriod _, p_AnnualAnnual :_ p__ p; AnnpalAnnual p _ 120 days _ Applicable Home or farm kitchen Home or farm kitchen Sales location (e.g., AmArea - . . H s r famers’famers' market)market) P Sales Limit None C” P None 20 days of sale within a 120-day period per sales locationlpcation, p Allowed Sales Direct-to-consumer onlyonly Direct-to-consumer and Direct-to-consumer i wholesaling (no sales toto only * distributors) \ Food Safety Basic training required Advanced training required, Not required Training p plus FDA-approved food ‘ Y processing course for sale of . : 7 l acidifiedacidified foods _lr§pectio_nInspection W IloneNone g Pie-permitPre-permit inspection requiredrequired None

The Homemade FoodFood OperationOperation PermitPermit wouldwould ensureensure that:that:

1.I. HomemadeHomemade foodfood operatorsoperators havehave completedcompleted requiredrequired training,training, areare producingproducing allowableallowable foodsfoods inin a a safe manner, and areare aware ofof safesafe foodfood handlinghandling guidelinesguidelines andand labelinglabeling requirements;requirements; andand 2. HDOHHDOH cancan provideprovide guidanceguidance onon allowableallowable foods,foods, referrefer productsproducts forfor testingtesting whenwhen appropriate,appropriate, and stay apprised of homemade food operations.operations.

Wholesaling Under a HomemadeHomemade Food OperationOperation Permit,Pennit, Class B, producersproducers wouldwould bebe allowedallowed toto wholesalewholesale theirtheir products; however,however, salessales toto distributors wouldwould notnot bebe permitted.pennitted. This mlerule is aa consistentconsistent withwith thethe approach in 1010 states, which allow wholesaling ofof homemadehomemade foodfood productsproducts eithereither explicitlyexplicitly oror implicitly,implicitly, including California, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York,York, NorthNorth Carolina,Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania andand Utah.Utah.

HDOI-l’sHDOH's rationalerationale forfor restrictingrestricting homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations toto direct-to-consumerdirect-to—consumer sales,sales, eveneven whenwhen products are non-potentially hazardous,hazardous, isis thatthat the limitation lessens thethe risk of harm toto thethe publicpublic byby reducing the quantity of productproduct thatthat aa homemadehomemade foodfood producerproducer maymay sell.sell. However,However, thethe riskrisk toto publicpublic health from homemadehomemade foodfood isis substantiallysubstantially limitedlimited byby restrictingrestricting salessales ofof homemadehomemade foodfood productsproducts toto low-risk foods made by producers thatthat havehave completedcompleted advancedadvanced foodfood safetysafety trainingtraining andand inin somesome casescases

12 food preservation training. These educationeducation requirementsrequirements exceedexceed thethe requirementsrequirements imposedimposed onon producersproducers manufacturing foodfood inin aa certifiedcertified kitchen.kitchen.

Internet Sales Internet sales should be allowed under the Homemade Food Operation PermitPermit consistentconsistent withwith thethe classclass ofof permit received. Thus, aa ClassClass AA permitpermit wouldwould allowallow direct-to-consumerdirect-to-consumer Internetintemet sales,sales, whilewhile a aClassClass BB permit would allowallow direct-to-consumerdirect-to-consumer sales andand wholesalingwholesaling (other(other thanthan salessales toto distributors)distributors) viavia thethe internet.

Inspections HDOH currently has 5050 staffstaff positionspositions forfor foodfood establishmentestablishment inspectors,inspectors, ofof whichwhich 88 positionspositions areare vacant.vacant. HDOH expects to fillfill thesethese vacanciesvacancies inin thethe comingcoming months.months. ThereThere areare currentlycurrently 10,09310,093 foodfood establishmentswithin within thethe state, which HDOH divides into threethree riskrisk categoriescategories dependingdepending onon thethe technical complexity of thethe foodfood operationoperation andand itsits associatedassociated risk.risk. AlthoughAlthough therethere isis nono legallylegally mandatedmandated inspection frequency,frequency,HDOH HDOHis is striving to meetmeet thethe followingfollowing inspectioninspection scheduleschedule forfor foodfood establishments:

'• Category 1l (highest(highest risk)risk) —— 3 times per year °• Category 22 (medium(medium risk)risk) —— 2 times per yearyear °• Category 33 (low(low risk)risk) —— annually

Category I1 generallygenerally includesincludes full-servicefull-service restaurantsrestaurants (raw-prep-cook-cool-reheat-serve(raw-prep-cook-cool-reheat—serve operations),operations), suchsuch as L&L Hawaiian Barbeque,Barbeque, 3660 onon thethe Rise,Rise, andand schoolschool kitchens.kitchens. CategoryCategory 22 generallygenerally includesincludes fastfast foods restaurants (raw meats-cook-servemeats—cook-serve operations), suchsuch asas McDonald'sMcDonald’s andand BurgerBurger King.King. CategoryCategory 3 3 generally includes ice cream shops,shops, cookiecookie shops,shops, mommom andand poppop packagepackage storesstores (minimal(minimal cook/prep-servecook/prep-serve operations). Almost allall homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations wouldwould bebe inin CategoryCategory 3 —3 — aa lowlow riskrisk facilityfacility inin regardsregards to food safety.

HDOH currently has the rightright toto investigateinvestigate reportsreports ofof foodbomefoodbome illnessillness fromfrom foodsfoods producedproduced inin anyany kitchen, and may "order“order operators to cease and desist the sale ofof foodsfoods asas thethe resultresult ofof anyany foodfood illnessillness investigation or suspected adulteration thatthat may have or hashas causedcaused injuriesinjuries asas aa resultresult ofof consumingconsuming foods being offered for sale or distribution."distribution.”66

Risk can be furtherfurther mitigatedmitigated byby requiringrequiring HDOH to inspect Class B homemade foodfood operationsoperations priorprior toto permitting. inIn California, a cottage foodfood business maymay applyapply forfor aa ClassClass BB permitpermit thatthat allowsallows wholesalingwholesaling and subjects the business toto anan initialinitial inspectioninspection byby thethe locallocal enforcementenforcement agency.agency. Inln NorthNorth Carolina,Carolina, home—basedhome-based food businesses seeking to sellsell acidifiedacidified foodsfoods mustmust submitsubmit anan "Application“Application forfor HomeHome Processor Inspection”Inspection" and submit to andand passpass anan inspectioninspection byby NCDA&CS,NCDA&CS, FoodFood andand DrugDrug ProtectionProtection Division. Delaware, Georgia, New Hampshire,Hampshire, NewNew Mexico,Mexico, NewNew York,York, Maine,Maine, Massachusetts,Massachusetts, Oregon,Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, and Washington alsoalso conductconduct homehome inspections.inspections.

HDOH has expressed reservations about entering residences to conductconduct inspectionsinspections due toto fearsfears thatthat aa disgruntled homemade food operator may physically harm an inspector oror unjustly accuseaccuse anan inspectorinspector ofof impropriety. HDOH is currently willing to enterenter residencesresidences toto permitpermit aa kitchen,kitchen, soso longlong asas thethe kitchenkitchen isis in an areaarea withwith aa separateseparate entrance,entrance, suchsuch asas a agarage.garage. InIn addition,addition, severalseveral governmentalgovernmental agenciesagencies inin flawanHawai‘i conductconduct homehome inspections,inspections, includingincluding thethe Hawai`iHawai‘i CountyCounty PublicPublic WorksWorks BuildingBuilding Division,Division, whichwhich

6 TestimonyTestimony ofof GaryGary L.L. Gill,Gil], DeputyDeputy Director,Director, EnvironmentalEnvironmental HealthHealth Administration,Administration, HawaiiHawai‘i DepartmentDepartment ofof Health,Health, toto thethe Hawai‘iHawaii StateState SenateSenate CommitteeCommittee onon CommerceCommerce andand ConsumerConsumer Protection,Protection. CommitteeCommittee onon WaysWays andand MeansMeans (February(February 26,26, 2014),2014), available at111 htm:‘Q-tti>.§f;_!\1‘;?'\.i§.~1nilvL@1;!ii‘.H<‘\if§i¢$1*i<>*‘~¥ll1l_lf£§lin=sm\i.'='$§32_51‘>l v,wu ca_pitol hi ii 2.0y 'Session2014 I estinionv SB2561 5.123SDI 1'1ilfill\'l..Q§)'.i_QfX:!~L?~Ffliii EST RION) C PNAVANI 02-26- 1414__t._.-\*rt;l I AI E PDFl_‘_l)§-‘

l313 conducts inspections in connection with buildingbuilding permits,permits, andand thethe Hawai`iHawai‘i DepartmentDepartment ofof HumanHuman Services, which conducts homehome inspectionsinspections forfor familyfamily childchild carecare homeshomes andand fosterfoster homes.homes.

Section 5-14 of the liawai`Hawai‘i i County Building CodeCode states:states:

“Upon"Upon presentationpresentation of properproper credentials,credentials, thethe administrativeadministrative authorityauthority oror suchsuch person’sperson's assistantsassistants may enterenter atat reasonablereasonable timestimes anyany buildingbuilding oror premisespremises inin thethe County to perform anyany dutyduty imposedimposed byby thisthis code,code, providedprovided thatthat suchsuch entryentry shallshall bebe made in suchsuch aa mannermanner asas toto causecause thethe leastleast possiblepossible inconvenienceinconvenience toto thethe personspersons inin possession. An order of a courtcourt authorizingauthorizing such entryentry shallshall bebe obtainedobtained inin thethe eventevent such entry is denied or resisted."resisted.”

Chapter 17-891.1-317-891.1-3 ofof thethe HawaiHawai‘i `i Administrative RulesRules states:states:

(a) “In"In exercising itsits authorityauthority toto registerregister familyfamily childchild carecare homeshomes oror renew,renew, suspend,suspend, or revokerevoke thethe certificatecertificate ofof registration,registration, thethe [Department[Department ofof HumanHuman Services]Services] shall analyze the qualificationsqualifications of the providers of child care,care, reviewreview thethe home'shome’s written policies andand programprogram provisions,provisions, andand inspectinspect thethe home.home. AuthorizedAuthorized representatives of the department and parents andand guardiansguardians ofof childrenchildren inin carecare may visit aa familyfamily childchild carecare operationoperation forfor purposepurpose ofof observing,observing, monitoring,monitoring, andand inspecting the facilities,facilities, activities, staffing, and otherother aspectsaspects ofof thethe childchild carecare home. TheThe departmentdepartment maymay callcall onon politicalpolitical subdivisionssubdivisions andand governmentalgovernmental agencies for appropriate assistance within the agencies'agencies’ authorizedauthorized fields.fields. (b) The applicantapplicant oror registrantregistrant shallshall cooperatecooperate withwith thethe departmentdepartment byby providingproviding access to itsits facilities,facilities, records,records, andand staff.staff. FailureFailure toto cooperatecooperate withwith reasonablereasonable requests may constituteconstitute grounds for denial,denial, suspension,suspension, oror revocationrevocation ofof thethe certificatecertificate of registration."registration.” _

HDOH'sI-lDOH’s safetysafety andand liabilityliability concernsconcerns couldcould bebe amelioratedameliorated byby anyany ofof thethe following:following: (1)(1) implementingimplementing aa buddy system for inspectors,inspectors, (2)(2) providingproviding homemadehomemade foodfood operatorsoperators withwith aa pre-inspectionpre-inspection checklistchecklist soso that expectations are clear, (3)(3) reservingreserving feedbackfeedback andand decisionsdecisions forfor writtenwritten communicationscommunications toto bebe sharedshared with the operationoperation followingfollowing the inspection,inspection, and/orand/or (4)(4) allowingallowing inspectorsinspectors toto wearwear bodybody camerascameras toto document an inspection.

To facilitatefacilitate transparency with the public,public, HDOHHDOH shallshall maintainmaintain onlineonline aa listlist ofof homemadehomemade foodfood operations for whichwhich permitspermits havehave beenbeen suspendedsuspended andand revoked.revoked.

F. ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

Zoning For the purposes ofof zoning,zoning, aa homemadehomemade foodfood operationoperation shallshall bebe consideredconsidered aa residentialresidential useuse ofof propertyproperty and shall be aa permittedpermitted useuse inin allall residentiallyresidentially designateddesignated zones,zones, includingincluding butbut notnot limitedlimited toto zoneszones forfor single-family dwellings. NoNo conditional use permit, variance, or specialspecial exceptionexception shallshall bebe requiredrequired forfor residences used as aa homemade foodfood operation.operation.

Nuisance Complaints HDOH has a dutyduty toto respondrespond toto complaintscomplaints allegingalleging foodfood bornehome illness,illness, butbut notnot toto investigateinvestigate complaintscomplaints that are not related toto foodfood safetysafety (e.g., noise, odor, traffic).traffic).

Potable Water Homemade food operations shallshall useuse potable water.water.

14 Grease Homemade food operations shall not discarddiscard cookingcooking oiloil oror greasegrease intointo thethe kitchenkitchen sinksink oror thethe toilettoilet bowl,bowl, and shall not use hothot waterwater andand soapsoap toto washwash greasegrease downdown thethe drain.drain. Instead,Instead, homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations shall place cooled cookingcooking oiloil inin sealedsealed non-recyclablenon-recyclable containerscontainers andand discarddiscard suchsuch containerscontainers withwith thethe regular garbage, and shall useuse paperpaper towelstowels toto wipewipe offoff residualresidual greasegrease oror oiloil fromfrom dishes,dishes, potspots andand panspans prior to washing.

15 THEi

APPENDIX A

MEMBERS OF THE COTTAGE FOODFOOD BUSINESSBUSINESS WORKINGVVORKING GROUPGROUP

°• Scott Enright, Chairperson, HawaiiHawai‘i DepartmentDepartment ofof AgricultureAgriculture °• Senator Russell Ruderman,Ruderrnan, HawaffiHawai‘i StateState SenatorSenator (Puna)(Puna) andand Owner,Owner, IslandIsland NaturalsNaturals •° Peter Oshiro,Oshiro, EnvironmentalEnvironmental HealthHealth ProgramProgram Manager,Manager, Sanitation/FoodSanitation/Food andand Drug/VectorDrug/Vector Control, Hawai`Hawai‘i i Department of HealthHealth °• Kyle Datta, General Partner, Ulupono InitiativeInitiative (0`ahu)(O‘ahu) °• Mark Ferguson, Chief Organic Officer, Down toto EarthEarth (0`ahu)(O‘ahu) '• Terri Langley, MA‘OMAT) Organic Farm (O‘ahu)(0`ahu) '• Brandon Lee, Investment Associate,Associate, UluponoUlupono InitiativeInitiative (0(O‘ahu) `ahu) °• Ken Love, Executive Director,Director, Hawai`iHawai‘i MasterMaster FoodFood Preservers,Preservers, andand ExecutiveExecutive Director,Director, Hawai`iHawai‘i Tropical FruitFruit GrowersGrowers (Hawaii'(Hawai‘i i Island)Island) '• Janine Lynne, Owner, Black Dog Farms (Kaua`i)(Kaua‘i) °• Nicole Milne, Associate Vice President for Programs, TheThe Kohala CenterCenter (Hawai`i(Hawai‘i Island)Island) °• Christina Oatfield,Oattield, PolicyPolicy Director,Director, TheThe SustainableSustainable EconomiesEconomies LawLaw CenterCenter (California)(California) °• Anna-Lisa Okoye, The KohalaKohala CenterCenter (Hawai‘i(Hawaii Island)Island) '• Jamie Ronzello, Owner, Barking Deer Farm (Moloka`i)(Molol

APPENDIX B

RECOMMENDATIONS ONON HOMEMADEHOMEMADE FOODFOOD OPERATIONSOPERATIONS {NIN HAWAPIHAWAII THEIl:I__Ii._I£QliA KOHA _A{5E,2§A CENTER education. environment. empowerment

Report 5 Recommendations on Homemade Food Operations inin HawaPiHawai‘i

October 24,24, 20142014

Prepared by:by: TheThe KohalaKohala CenterCenter

For Ulupono Initiative and the CottageCottage FoodFood IndustryIndustry WorkingWorking GroupGroup INTRODUCTION

The following recommendations onon homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations inin Hawai‘iHawaii werewere developeddeveloped byby severalseveral members of the HawaiiHawai‘i cottagecottage foodfood industryindustry groupgroup onon OctoberOctober 15,15, 2014,2014, inin responseresponse toto legislativelegislative mandate S.C.R. No. 9797 (2014).(2014). TheseThese recommendationsrecommendations proposepropose aa newnew regulatoryregulatory frameworkframework forfor homemade food operations. We invite the HawaiiHawai‘i DepartmentDepartment ofof HealthHealth ("HDOIL")(“HDOH”) andand thethe publicpublic toto provide feedback on the pros and conscons ofof the recommendations.recommendations.

In developing the recommendations, thethe industryindustry groupgroup waswas guidedguided byby thethe followingfollowing principles:principles:

0• Food safety is essential Q• Education and training are important means ofof achieving foodfood safetysafety • Proper product labeling is necessary • Permits can help promote regulatory compliancecompliance O• Local food production is integral to HawaiiPsHawai‘i’s economiceconomic developmentdevelopment andand foodfood securitysecurity • HDOH requires sufficientsufficient resources to implementimplement lawslaws andand regulationsregulations

The industryindustry groupgroup alsoalso acknowledgedacknowledged statestate andand federalfederal mandatesmandates toto increaseincrease locallocal foodfood production,production, including:

0• Hawai‘i’sHawaii's "Increased“Increased FoodFood SecuritySecurity andand FoodFood Self-SufficiencySelf-Sufficiency Strategy,"Strategy,” whichwhich notesnotes thatthat replacing justjust 10% of the foodfood HawaiiHawai‘i currentlycun'ently importsimports wouldwould amountamount toto approximatelyapproximately $313$313 million dollars remaining in thethe State'sState‘s economyeconomy (Office(Office ofof Planning,Planning, DepartmentDepartment ofof BusinessBusiness Economic Development & Tourism); andand 0• The United States Department of Agriculture'sAgriculture’s allocationallocation ofof $27$27 millionmillion inin competitivecompetitive grantsgrants toto support local food effortsefforts suchsuch asas foodfood hubshubs andand locallocal processors.processors.

The industry group designeddesigned thethe followingfollowing recommendationsrecommendations toto minimizeminimize thethe riskrisk ofof foodbornefoodbome illnessillness through the followingfollowing efforts:efforts:

0• Training 0• Sanitary guidelines 0• Proper product labeling 0• Permits

Page 2 of 8 CURRENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK HawaiiHawai‘i RevisedRevised StatutesStatutes SectionSection 328-11328-ll providesprovides HDOHHDOH withwith thethe authorityauthority toto prescribeprescribe regulationsregulations providing for the issuanceissuance ofof permitspermits forfor thethe manufacturing,manufacturing, processing,processing, andand packingpacking ofof foodsfoods thatthat maymay pose a healthhealth riskrisk toto consumersconsumers byby reasonreason ofof contaminationcontamination withwith microorganisms.microorganisms. PursuantPursuant toto thisthis authority, thethe HawaiiHawai‘i DepartmentDepartment ofof HealthHealth hashas adoptedadopted thethe "Food“Food SafetySafety Code"Code” (Hawaii(Hawai‘i Administrative Rules,Rules, Chapter 11-50),ll-50), which requiresrequires "food“food establishments"establishments” andand "temporary“temporary foodfood establishments”establishments" toto undergoundergo aa permittingpermitting processprocess forfor thethe salesale ofof foodfood toto thethe public.public.

Food Establishments HDOH defines "food“food establishments"establishments” as any place usedused forfor thethe purposepurpose ofof storing,storing, preparing,preparing, serving,serving, manufacturing, packaging, transporting, or otherwise handling foodfood atat thethe retailretail oror wholesalewholesale level,level, andand any operation where foodfood isis providedprovided toto thethe public,public, withwith oror withoutwithout charge.charge. FoodFood establishmentsestablishments includeinclude restaurants, cafes, coffee shops, and grocerygrocery stores.stores. AllAll foodfood establishmentsestablishments mustmust operateoperate withwith aa validvalid permit from HDOH,HDOH, withwith exceptionsexceptions includingincluding establishmentsestablishments selling only whole uncutuncut fruitsfruits andand vegetables and establishmentsestablishments sellingselling onlyonly prepackaged,prepackaged, shelf-stableshelf-stable foods.foods.

The Food SafetySafety CodeCode requiresrequires foodfood establishmentestablishment kitchenskitchens andand facilitiesfacilities toto receivereceive certificationcertification fromfrom HDOH. The requirementsrequirements for certifiedcertified kitchenskitchens includeinclude aa numbernumber ofof specificspecific equipmentequipment andand buildingbuilding parameters.

The Food Safety Code prohibits foodfood establishmentsestablishments fromfrom sellingselling foodfood mademade inin a aprivateprivate kitchen.kitchen.

Temporary FoodFoori EstablishmentsEstabiishments ("TFE")(“TFE”) HDOH definesdefines "temporary“temporary food establishments"establishments” as any foodfood establishmentestablishment which operatesoperates atat aa fixedfixed iocationlocation for a limited period of time and does notnot exceedexceed 2020 daysdays inin anyany 120-day120-day periodperiod andand doesdoes notnot sellsell products to otherother foodsfoods establishments.establishments. TemporaryTemporary foodfood establishmentsestablishments includeinclude farmersfarmers marketsmarkets andand community events suchsuch asas fairs,fairs, sportingsporting events,events, andand bakebake sales.sales.

HDOH allows the salesale ofof homemade,homemade, non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods atat temporarytemporary foodfood establishments,establishments, including cookies, breads, jams,jams, jellies,jellies, candies, chocolates, wholewhole uncutuncut fruitsfruits andand produce,produce, cottoncotton candy,candy, dry herbs, nuts, rubs, andand spices.spices. However,However, suchsuch foodsfoods maymay onlyonly bebe soldsold directlydirectly toto consumersconsumers andand maymay not be soldsold toto otherother foodfood establishments.establishments. PotentiallyPotentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods (foods(foods thatthat requirerequire temperaturetemperature controls to limitlimit bacterialbacterial growth)growth) soldsold atat temporarytemporary foodfood establishmentsestablishments mustmust bebe producedproduced inin a acertifiedcertified kitchen.

Limitations of CurrentCurrent RegulatoryRegulatory Framework The current regulatory frameworkframework createscreates severalseveral challengeschallenges forfor value-addedvalue-added foodfood producers in Hawai`i,Hawai‘i, including:

l.1. Restricting sales of homemadehomemade foodfood toto direct-to-consumerdirect-to-consurner sales,sales, eveneven whenwhen productsproducts areare non-non- potentially hazardous. 2. Restricting sales of homemade food toto 2020 daysdays withinwithin anyany 120-day120-day periodperiod (per(per temporarytemporary foodfood establishment location),location), eveneven whenwhen productsproducts areare non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous.hazardous.

In order toto overcomeovercome thesethese challenges,challenges, producersproducers ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods mustmust produceproduce foodfood in a certifiedcertified kitchenkitchen thatthat adheresadheres toto 1-1DOH'sHDOH’s requirements. Acquiring land andand buildingbuilding aa commercialcommercial kitchen is an expensive endeavorendeavor thatthat isis unaffordableunaffordable forfor manymany newnew andand smallsmall businesses.businesses. WithWith respectrespect toto leasing certifiedcertified kitchenkitchen space,space, therethere are very fewfew certifiedcertified kitchenskitchens availableavailable for rentrent inin Hawaii,Hawai‘i, especially in rural areas. For example,example, HawaiiHawai‘i Island'sIsland’s PunaPuna andand KonaKona DistrictsDistricts lacklack anyany certifiedcertified community kitchens, andand thethe entireentire islandisland ofof Kona'Kaua‘i i lackslacks anyany certifiedcertified communitycommunity kitchens,kitchens, althoughalthough oneone is currently under constructionconstruction onon thethe northnorth shore.shore.

Page 3 of 8 For the fewfew certifiedcertified communitycommunity kitchenskitchens thatthat areare available,available, useuse ofof thesethese facilitiesfacilities isis unfeasibleunfeasible forfor many producers. Hourly rental rates quickly become cost prohibitiveprohibitive for smallsmall foodfood businesses,businesses, especiallyespecially forfor those who makemake foodsfoods withwith longlong processingprocessing times,times, suchsuch asas drieddried fruit.fruit. InIn addition,addition, manymany communitycommunity kitchens have limited equipmentequipment and storagestorage andand refrigerationrefrigeration space,space, whichwhich restrictsrestricts thethe typestypes andand quantities of products that may be produced.produced. AndAnd lowlow populationpopulation densitydensity inin ruralrural areasareas oftenoften meansmeans thatthat certified community kitchens,kitchens, ifif available, are many miles away.away. WithWith averageaverage gasgas pricesprices inin Hawai`iHawai‘i averaging over $4 per gallon,gallon, traveling longlong distancesdistances cancan bebe costcost prohibitiveprohibitive forfor smallsmall businesses.businesses.

Page 4 of 8 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HOMEMADE FOOD OPERATIONS ININ HAWAI‘IHAWAP I

In orderorder toto mitigatemitigate thethe challengeschallenges facingfacing value-addedvalue-added foodfood producersproducers inin HawafHawai‘i, i, thethe industryindustry groupgroup proposes the following recommendations for a new regulatoryregulatory frameworkframework forfor homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations in Hawai`i,Hawai‘i, defineddefined as anan enterpriseenterprise thatthat producesproduces —— in a homehome oror farmfarm kitchenkitchen thatthat conformsconforms toto thethe building code of thethe countycounty inin whichwhich thethe kitchenkitchen isis locatedlocated —— allowableallowable foodsfoods forfor salesale toto thethe public.public. Regulations applicable toto homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations wouldwould notnot applyapply toto temporarytemporary foodfood establishments.establishments.

The proposed regulatory frameworkframework drawsdraws uponupon cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws adoptedadopted byby forty-oneforty-one statesstates andand includes the followingfollowing elements:elements: A. Food Safety Training B. Sanitary Guidelines C.. Labeling D. Allowable Foods for Home Production F1'1_U<">E. Permits

A. FOOD SAFETY TRAINING

Recommendation: Homemade food operations must demonstrate adequate food safetysafety trainingtraining byby completingcompleting oneone ofof thethe following training courses andand passingpassing thethe accompanyingaccompanying foodfood safetysafety test:test:

l.I. eFoodHandlersImeFoodHandlers““ BasicBasic FoodFood SafetySafety Course,Course, offeredoffered onlineonline atat imvwliifoodhandleijscoin;wki: w.hifoodhandlers.com ; or 2. ServSafe®ServSafe FoodFood HandlerHandler Program,Program, offeredoffered onlineonline atat wyt'w_g:i'ysafe.conyss.-'fgodhandic_r;www.scrvsafe.contissifoodhandler; or 3. I-IDOH’sHDOH's two-daytwo-day FoodFood SafetySafety CertificationCertification Workshop,Workshop, offeredoffered inin person.person.

Rationale: It isis wellwell establishedestablished thatthat certaincertain food-handlingfood-handling practicespractices cancan preventprevent oror reducereduce thethe riskrisk ofof foodbomefoodbome illness. Under current rules andand regulations,regulations, HawaiiHawai‘i encouragesencourages butbut doesdoes notnot requirerequire foodfood handlerhandler training. The industryindustry groupgroup recommendsrecommends thatthat homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations completecomplete basicbasic foodfood handlerhandler training to ensure thatthat thesethese operationsoperations understandunderstand commoncommon foodbomefoodborne illnessesillnesses andand keykey foodfood handlinghandling practices.

HDOH currently offers a voluntaryvoluntary two-daytwo-day FoodFood SafetySafety CertificationCertification WorkshopWorkshop atat nono cost.cost. However,However, requiring all homemadehomemade food operations toto taketake thisthis coursecourse wouldwould requirerequire HDOHHDOH toto increaseincrease thethe availability of thesethese workshops,workshops, atat aa significantsignificant costcost toto HDOH.HDOH.

Instead, the industry group recommendsrecommends thatthat thethe StateState acceptaccept oneone oror moremore onlineonline foodfood safetysafety coursescourses asas proof of adequateadequate trainingtraining forfor homemadehomemade foodfood operations.operations. OnlineOnline foodfood safetysafety coursescourses areare easilyeasily accessible, affordable, and currentlycurrently acceptedaccepted asas adequateadequate foodfood safetysafety trainingtraining byby numerousnumerous jurisdictionsjurisdictions across the country thatthat mandatemandate foodfood safetysafety trainingtraining forfor foodfood handlers.handlers.

For example,example, hifoodhandlers.comhifoodhandlers.com offersoffers thethe eFoodHandlers'"“eFoodHandlersTM BasicBasic FoodFood SafetySafety Course,Course, aa 90-minute90-minute online course offering core trainingtraining forfor foodfood servers,servers, handlers,handlers, andand preparers,preparers, followedfollowed byby aa test.test. Califomia,California, Texas, Illinois, Arizona,Arizona, andand OregonOregon acceptaccept thethe eFoodHandlersTMeFoodHandlersT'“ online Basic FoodFood SafetySafety Course as adequateadequate foodfood handlerhandler training.training. TheThe eFoodHandlersTMeFoodHandlersTM course and test areare free,free, whilewhile aa foodfood handler certificatecertificate indicatingindicating coursecourse completioncompletion costscosts $10.$10.

In addition,addition, thethe NationalNational RestaurantRestaurant AssociationAssociation offersoffers thethe ServSafe®ServSafe® FoodFood HandlerHandler Program,Program, a a90-90- minute online course onon basicbasic foodfood safetysafety coveringcovering personalpersonal hygiene,hygiene, cross-contaminationcross—contamination andand allergens,allergens,

PagePages5 ofof 8 time andand temperaturetemperature controls,controls, andand cleaningcleaning andand sanitation,sanitation, followedfollowed byby aa test.test. California,California, Alaska,Alaska, Oregon, Illinois, and Florida, as wellwell asas numerousnumerous countiescounties acrossacross thethe country,country, acceptaccept thethe ServSafeCServSafe® online Food Handler Program as adequateadequate foodfood handlerhandler training.training. TheThe ServSafe®ServSafe® FoodFood HandlerHandler ProgramProgram costs $15.

B. SANITARY GUIDELINES

Recommenrlation:Recommendation: Homemade food operations must comply with standardstandard industryindustry sanitarysanitary guidelinesguidelines forfor thethe productionproduction ofof allowable foods. ‘

Rationale:Rationale.- As indicated above, it isis wellwell establishedestablished thatthat certaincertain foodfood handlinghandling practicespractices cancan preventprevent oror reducereduce thethe risk of foodbornefoodbome illness.illness. ToTo protectprotect publicpublic health,health, homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations shouldshould bebe requiredrequired toto comply with standard industry sanitary guidelines forfor thethe production ofof allowableallowable foods.foods.

C. LABELING

Recommendation: All homemade food productsproducts producedproduced andand soldsold pursuantpursuant toto aa homemadehomemade foodfood operationoperation permitpermit mustmust include a label indicating thatthat the product was "Made“Made inin aa homehome kitchen,"kitchen,” alongalong withwith thethe namename andand address of the producer andand anan ingredientingredient list.list.

Rationale: Notifying consumers that the productproduct waswas mademade inin aa homehome kitchenkitchen allowsallows consumersconsumers toto differentiatedifferentiate between products processed in a commercialcommercial kitchenkitchen thatthat isis routinelyroutinely inspectedinspected byby HDOHHDOH andand productsproducts made in aa homehome oror farmfarm kitchen.kitchen. RequiringRequiring thethe namename andand addressaddress ofof thethe producerproducer allowsallows HDOHHDOH toto contact homemade foodfood operators in thethe eventevent ofof a aconsumerconsumer complaint.complaint. IngredientIngredient listslists informinform consumers and HDOH of the contentcontent ofof thethe productproduct toto ensureensure thatthat thethe productproduct isis anan allowableallowable foodfood forfor homemade production.

D. ALLOWABLE FOODS FOR HOMEHOME PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

Recommendation: Any non-potentially hazardoushazardous foodfood (based(based onon pH)pH) may be produced in aa homehome kitchen.kitchen. HDOHHDOH shallshall create and publish onlineonline aa samplesample listlist ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods toto actact asas aa guidelineguideline forfor home-home- based producers. TheThe Department shallshall makemake itit clear that the sample list isis notnot exhaustiveexhaustive butbut onlyonly aa reference point to makemake itit easiereasier forfor producersproducers toto understandunderstand somesome commoncommon non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foods.

Foods for which thethe pHpH hashas beenbeen loweredlowered byby addingadding foodfood additivesadditives oror componentscomponents suchsuch asas vinegarvinegar toto render the foodfood soso thatthat itit isis non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous ("acidified(“acidified foods")foods”) maymay bebe producedproduced inin a ahomehome kitchen if the finalfinal productproduct pHpH isis 3.53.5 oror belowbelow andand ifif thethe producerproducer completescompletes advancedadvanced foodfood preservationpreservation training. HDOHI-IDOH shallshall provideprovide approvedapproved recipesrecipes andand proceduresprocedures forfor producingproducing acidifiedacidified foods.foods. CommonlyCommonly acidifiedacidified foods include pickles, relishes, salsas, hot sauces,sauces, andand saladsalad dressings.dressings.

Rationale: At present, HDOH considers thethe followingfollowing foodsfoods toto bebe non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous:hazardous: cookies,cookies, breads,breads, jams,jams, jellies, candies,candies, chocolates,chocolates, whole uncut fruitsfruits andand produce,produce, cottoncotton candy,candy, drydry herbs,herbs, nuts,nuts, rubs,rubs, andand spices.

Page 6 of8of 8 Under current HDOHHDOH rules,rules, "potentially“potentially hazardoushazardous food"food” meansmeans a afoodfood thatthat requiresrequires time/temperaturetime/temperature control for safetysafety toto limitlimit pathogenicpathogenic microorganismmicroorganism growthgrowth oror toxintoxin formation.formation. PotentiallyPotentially hazardoushazardous food does not includeinclude aa foodfood thatthat becausebecause ofof itsits pHpH oror waterwater activityactivity (A(Aw)w) value, or interaction of AAww and pH values, isis designateddesignated asas aa non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodfood byby thethe HDOH.HDOH.

Current rules designatedesignate foodsfoods withwith thethe followingfollowing pHpH andand A,„Aw values asas non-potentially hazardoushazardous (PHF):(PHF):

0• Heat treated (foods.foods: pH values AwA,,, valuesvalues PH values ‘ g 4.54.6 or less _ >>4.64.6 toto 5.65.6 >s.6>5.6 A ‘I _50.92_if<0.9277 7_ _7 non-PHFg g non-PHFnon-PT-IF non-PHFnon-PT-IF _ >0.92 to 0.95 non-PHF non-PHF Product Assessment Required _ _ >0.95 non-PHF Product Assessment Product Assessment i _ _ RegiredRequired 7 __ T Required 1

0• Non-heat treated foods oror heat-treatedheat-treated but notnot_packj;ged_foods packaged foods g pH values AwA, valuesvalues 1!! vduesr , <<4.24.2 4.2 tomite 4.6 _ > 4.6 tomgr) 5.0 _ p >5.0 <0.<0.8888 non-PHF non-PHF non-PHFnon-PT-IF __non_-PHFnon-PHF assm0.88 to 0.90 non-PHF non-PHF * i non-PHF Product Assessment l Required >0.90 to 0.92 non-PHF non-PHFnon-Nip Product Product i Assessment Assessment _ _ _ _ Required Required l >0.92 non-PHFnon-PT-IF Product Product Product Assessment Assessment Assessment ‘ _ _ _g Required Required Required_Required

If a food'sfood’s pHpH hashas beenbeen loweredlowered byby addingadding foodfood additivesadditives oror componentscomponents suchsuch asas vinegarvinegar toto renderrender thethe food so that itit isis non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous ("acidified(“acidified foods"),foods”), currentcurrent HDOHHDOH rulesrules requirerequire processorsprocessors toto apply to HDOH for a variancevariance inin orderorder toto sellsell thethe acidifiedacidified food.food. HDOHHDOH maymay grantgrant aa variancevariance byby modifying or waiving the requirements of the Hawai`iHawai‘i Food Safety Code if inin thethe opinionOpinion ofof HDOH a health hazard oror nuisance willwill notnot resultresult fromfrom thethe variance.variance. OtherOther thanthan jamsjams andand jellies,jellies, HDOHHDOH currentlycurrently considers all acidifiedacidified foodsfoods toto bebe potentiallypotentially hazardous,hazardous, prohibitsprohibits thethe salesale ofof homemadehomemade acidifiedacidified foods,foods, and refers acidifiedacidified productsproducts forfor productproduct testing,testing, inin accordanceaccordance withwith USUS FoodFood andand DrugDrug AdministrationAdministration (FDA) rules.rules.

A blanketblanket prohibition on thethe salesale ofof homemadehomemade acidifiedacidified foodsfoods doesdoes notnot considerconsider thatthat somesome acidifiedacidified foods may be safelysafely producedproduced inin aa homehome kitchenkitchen byby experiencedexperienced andand knowledgeableknowledgeable foodfood producersproducers thatthat adhere to proven and consistentconsistent processes. In addition, some acidifiedacidified foods are exemptexempt fromfrom thethe FDA'sFDA’s acidifiedacidified food regulations, including:including:

0• Acid foods (natural or normal pH equal to 4.6 oror below)below) 0• Acid foodsfoods (including(including suchsuch foodsfoods asas standardizedstandardized andand non-standardizednon-standardized foodfood dressingsdressings andand condiment sauces) that contain smallsmall amountsamounts ofof low-acidlow-acid foodsfoods andand havehave aa resultantresultant finishedfinished equilibrium pH that doesdoes notnot significantlysignificantly differdiffer fromfrom thatthat ofof thethe predominantpredominant acidacid food.food. IfIf therethere

Page 7 of 8 is aa questionquestion aboutabout whetherwhether aa productproduct isis coveredcovered underunder thethe regulations,regulations, thethe FDAFDA requiresrequires producers to describedescribe the product,product, submitsubmit aa quantitativequantitative formula,formula, listlist pHpH rangesranges forfor eacheach ingredient, and submit pH data on finishedfinished product fromfrom severalseveral productionproduction lots.lots. 0• Alcoholic beverages • Carbonated beverages • Fermented foodsfoods O• Foods with water activity (Aw)(A,) ofof 0.850.85 oror belowbelow • Jams, jellies, or preserves coveredcovered byby 2121 CFRCFR 150.150.

E. PERMITS

Recommendation: Homemade food operations must applyapply forfor anan annualannual "homemade“homemade foodfood operationoperation permit"permit" fromfrom HDOHHDOH (suggested fee: $50). PermitsPermits willwill bebe issuedissued toto homemadehomemade foodfood operatorsoperators thatthat havehave completedcompleted adequateadequate food safety training and are producing allowable foods.foods. The permitpermit allows aa homemadehomemade foodfood operationoperation toto produce allowable foods inin aa designateddesignated homehome oror farmfarm kitchenkitchen thatthat conformsconforms toto thethe buildingbuilding codecode ofof thethe county in whichwhich thethe kitchenkitchen isis located,located, andand allowsallows HDOHHDOH thethe optionoption toto inspectinspect homemadehomemade foodfood operations, as long as HDOHHDOH providesprovides thethe homemadehomemade foodfood operatoroperator withwith atat leastleast 2424 hourshours noticenotice ofof thethe inspection. Refusing entry may constitute groundsgroimds forfor denial,denial, suspension,suspension, oror revocationrevocation ofof thethe permit.permit.

Rationale: HDOH currently allowsallows home-basedhome-based productionproduction ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods underunder aa temporarytemporary food establishment ("TFE")(“TFE”) permit.permit. TFETFE permitspermits allowallow homemadehomemade foodfood producersproducers toto sellsell theirtheir productsproducts atat a specificspecific location, such as a farmers market or bake sale,sale, forfor aa maximummaximum ofof 2020 daysdays ofof salesale inin anyany 120-120- day window at that location. A producer maymay holdhold multiplemultiple TFETFE permitspermits toto sellsell atat multiplemultiple locations,locations, andand permits may be renewed. The TFE permitpermit allowsallows directdirect salessales toto consumersconsumers only.only. TheThe TFETFE permitpermit doesdoes notnot allow homemade food producers to sellsell theirtheir productsproducts toto foodfood establishmentsestablishments thatthat havehave receivedreceived aa permitpermit from HDOH, such as aa supermarketsupermarket oror aa restaurant,restaurant, sincesince HDOHHDOH considersconsiders residentialresidential kitchenskitchens toto bebe anan unapproved food sourcesource forfor permittedpermitted foodfood establishmentsestablishments withinwithin thethe state.state.

The proposed homemade food operation permit wouldwould differdiffer fromfrom thethe TFETFE permitpermit inin thethe followingfollowing ways:ways:

g Homemade Food OperationOperafion Permit TFE Permit Period 7 Annual ,_ g _ g 120 days g _ ApplicableApplicable Area Home or farm kitchen Sales location (e.g., famers market) Sales Limit None 20 days of sale within a 120-day120-day perioderiod perr§r sales location Sales __ Direct and wholesale ,_ Direct only g Food Safety TrainingTrainin Required g NotrequireiiNot required _ Inspection _ Allowed with 24 hours notice ,_ None* _ _

*HDOH*I-IDOH maymay order operators toto cease and desist the salesale ofof foodsfoods asas thethe resultresult ofof anyany foodfood illnessillness investigation oror suspected adulteration thatthat may have or hashas causedcaused injuriesinjuries asas aa resultresult ofof consumingconsuming foods being offered forfor salesale oror distribution.distribution.

The homemade food operation permit wouldwould ensureensure that:that: 1. Homemade foodfood operators have completedcompleted adequateadequate foodfood safetysafety training,training, areare producingproducing allowable foods, and are aware of sanitary guidelinesguidelines andand labelinglabeling requirements;requirements; andand 2. HDOH can provide guidance on allowableallowable foods,foods, staystay apprisedapprised ofof homemadehomemade foodfood operations,operations, and inspect suchsuch operationsoperations atat itsits discretion.discretion.

Page 8 of 8 THE11_I-_lE._l§.QHA. KOHA LK4E! ..*.r.aaTVA education, environment empowerment

APPENDIX C

HAWAl‘]HAWAPI DEPARTMENTDEPARTMENT OFOF HEALTHHEALTH COMMENTSCOMMENTS ONON “RECOMMENDATIONS"RECOMMENDATIONS ON HOMEMADE FOOD OPERATIONS IN HA“/AI‘I”HAWAPI" ',.- . 4,‘--""'”»-...-..-. 4 :__ ." ' 5;:"01 0, .<.§t\. _ "-__', s .1;-.Y if 2 NEIL ABERCROMBIE ._‘;‘;i]atit . LINDA ROSEN, ll.D.,M.D., M.F.HM.P.H. GOVERNOReovsmioaor OF HAWAIIHAWAII DIRECTOR OF0F HEALTHHEALTH 1. . "

STATE OF HAWAII InIn reply,reply, pleaseplease refer to DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHHEALTH FfleFde P,P. 0.o. BOXBOX 3378sate HONOLULU, Hl HI 96801-337896801-3378

November 28, 2014

NlC0l6Nicole Milne Homemade Food Operations Working GroupGroup

SUBJECT: DOHDOH CommentsComments toto “Recommendations"Recommendations for Homemade Food Operations in Hawaii”Hawaii" Survey.

A. Food Safety Training

The DOH concurs that training and food safetysafety knowledgeknowledge isis oneone ofof thethe keykey elements to prevent food illnesses or adulteration of food.food. TheThe threethree examplesexamples given are all acceptable as basicbasic food trainingtraining forfor foodfood industryindustry personnel.personnel.

B. Sanitary Guidelines

This sounds good, but standard industryindustry sanitarysanitary guidelinesguidelines precludesprecludes thethe useuse ofof residential kitchens toto manufacture or prepare foodfood in any shape oror manner. TheThe FDA Model Food Code expressly prohibits the manufacturemanufacture oror preparationpreparation ofof food in home kitchenskitchens duedue toto thethe factfact thatthat thethe greatgreat majoritymajority ofof homehome kitchenskitchens dodo not have the basic and necessary infrastructureinfrastructure to ensureensure foodfood safetysafety atat thethe commercial level. BasicBasic equipmentequipment andand infrastructureinfrastructure suchsuch asas restrictedrestricted handhand wash sinks, 3 compartmentcompartment sinkssinks oror commercialcommercial gradegrade dishwashersdishwashers forfor properproper sanitizing, lack of commercial exhaustexhaust hoodshoods with airair pollutionpollution andand firefire suppression devices, and restricted work areas,areas, restrictedrestricted foodfood storage,storage, commercial grade refrigerators to ensureensure temperaturetemperature control,control, properproper restrictingrestricting of chemicals, access to licensedlicensed pestpest controlcontrol operators,operators, areare justjust aa fewfew ofof thethe things that are requiredrequired asas standardstandard industryindustry sanitarysanitary guidelinesguidelines andand areare lackinglacking in most households. TheseThese areare thethe basicbasic reasonsreasons thatthat foodfood safetysafety regulatoryregulatory personnel do not allowallow phf’sphfs andand otherother itemsitems outout ofof homehome kitchens,kitchens, andand why wewe only allow direct to consumer salessales ofof non-phi's.non—phf’s.

C. Labeling

DOH would like the label changed to "Made InIn a HomeHome KitchenKitchen thatthat hashas notnot inspected by thethe Department of Health". ThisThis isis criticalcritical asas thethe publicpublic mustmust bebe informed that the home kitchens areare notnot inspected.inspected. Other than that we concur with the intentintent ofof thisthis section.section.

l1 D. Allowable FoodsFoods for HomeHome ProductionProduction

I think there may be some semantic issues with thisthis section. AcidAcid foodsfoods thatthat have a "natural"“natural” or "normal" pH and Aw according to the Time/Temperature Control for Safety (TCS) matrixmatrix shownshown MAYMAY bebe consideredconsidered (currently(currently notnot allowedallowed from home kitchens except jams/jellies)jams/jellies) by DOH. DOHDOH willwill needneed toto looklook moremore closely at this, but will notnot provideprovide aa blanketblanket exemptionexemption forfor thesethese foodsfoods atat thisthis time. Any bottled food hashas thethe potentialpotential toto causecause seriousserious injuryinjury oror deathdeath duedue toto thethe modifiedmodified atmosphere conditions created. DemonstrationDemonstration ofof controlscontrols toto preventprevent C.C. botulinum is extremely difficult for expertexpert commercialcommercial foodfood processorsprocessors muchmuch lessless home canners/bottlers.

If a foodfood must be acidifiedacidified by adding acid, becausebecause thethe naturalnatural oror normalnormal pHpH isis above 4.6, then the FDAFDA hashas completecomplete jurisdiction overover thethe product,product, andand itit willwill notnot be allowed to be produced in a homehome kitchenkitchen underunder anyany condition.condition.

We will also notnot allow any drieddried meats/fishmeatslfish toto bebe donedone inin homehome kitchenskitchens regardless of thethe finishedfinished Aw.Aw. TheThe dryingdrying processprocess forfor thesethese typestypes ofof productsproducts must be closely monitored to ensure that thethe productproduct doesdoes notnot staystay inin thethe 41°F41°F toto 135°F range for more than 4 hours throughout the drying process.process.

E. Permits

The DOH will not permitpermit homehome kitchens,kitchens, especiallyespecially ifif priorprior notificationnotification isis required.required. This is one of the most difficult arenas forfor enforcement. TheThe home-madehome-made industry requests that they have thethe samesame abilityability toto prepareprepare foodsfoods atat anyany scale,scale, but is unable to meet the burden ofof havinghaving totally unannouncedunannounced inspections,inspections, which is the cornerstone ofof ourour inspectioninspection programprogram toto insureinsure thethe integrityintegrity ofof thethe inspection and to provide publicpublic confidenceconfidence thatthat aa truetrue snapsnap shotshot ofof thethe foodfood prepprep conditions were represented, and the operatoroperator diddid notnot havehave aa chancechance toto "clean-“clean- up" their operation priorprior toto thethe inspection.inspection.

DOHDOE1is islooking lookingat atthe the possibilitypossibility ofof relaxingrelaxing the 20/120 rulerule ifif thethe legislature/working group can address thethe followingfollowing DOHDOH concerns;concerns;

1) Community complaints regarding odors, noise,noise, andand traffictraffic asas aa resultresult ofof 24/7/365 food operations inin residentialresidential areasareas MUSTMUST bebe addressedaddressed fromfrom thethe standpoint that DOH will not investigate into these complaints. AnyAny rulerule change will require that these issues bebe exempt fromfrom DOH/Gov'tDOH/Gov’t regulatoryregulatory control and that the legislature alone willwill address thesethese complaints. ThisThis would be similar to exemptions from smokesmoke nuisancesnuisances resultingresulting fromfrom outdooroutdoor cooking of food for personal use. StateState Gov'tGov’t currentlycurrently doesdoes notnot regulateregulate backyard BBQ'sBBQ‘s or residentialresidential chimneychimney smokesmoke forfor homehome heatingheating inin residentialresidential areas, but commercialcommerciai cooking would needneed to bebe addressed.addressed. 2) City and County plumbing requirementsrequirements (Grease(Grease Trap)Trap) concernsconcerns willwill needneed toto be addressed for those homes hooked intointo sanitarysanitary sewers.sewers. - , 2

3) DOH Wastewater Branch (WWB)(WWB) concernsconcerns (if(if any)any) regardingregarding potentialpotential generation of commercial volumes ofof wastewaterwastewater intointo Individuallndividuai wastewaterwastewater systems (IWS)'s..(lWS)'s.. These areare homeshomes withwith cesspools/septiccesspoolslseptic tankstanks oror multi-multi- family units (townhome/condo)(townhome/condo) onon smallsmall WWWW packagepackage plantsplants condo.condo. WWBVVWBstated statedthat that aa check-offcheck-off box on an application with anan IWSlWS wouldwould needneed to be signed off by WWB for any permit. WWBWWB willwill evaluateevaluate potentialpotential volumevolume of wastewater generated onon aa case-by-casecase-by-case basis.basis. 4) Water supply must complycomply with DOHDOH SafeSafe DrinkingDrinking WaterWater BranchBranch standardsstandards as provided for byby HawaiiHawaii Administrative RulesRules (HAR)(HAR) ChapterChapter 11-20,11-20, PublicPublic Water Systems for all commercialcommercial ventures.ventures. 5) DOH will not agree with allowing wholesaling andand "internet"“internet" salessales ofof homemade food products. WeWe willwill allowallow directdirect salessales toto consumersconsumers only.only. Current State and federal rules prohibitprohibit permittedpermitted oror licensedlicensed foodfood establishment from receiving ANY foods from unapproved sources. AllAll homemade foods are considered to bebe anan unapprovedunapproved sourcesource byby law.law. 6) At this time the DOHDOH doesdoes notnot planplan toto createcreate rules/guidelinesrules/guidelines toto allowallow forfor inspections of private residentialresidential oror farmfarm homehome kitchens,kitchens, unlessunless wewe cancan address transparency of the inspection. I l dodo notnot wantwant toto havehave regulatoryregulatory personnel in what may result inin potentiallypotentially explosiveexplosive oror litigiouslitigious situationssituations resulting from disagreements with inspectionalinspectionai findingsfindings oror directiondirection givengiven toto food producers while inin someone'ssomeone's privateprivate home.home.

The comments providedprovided areare meantmeant toto bebe preliminarypreliminary onlyonly andand thethe DOHDOH positionposition provided by myself are subject to changechange asas wewe progressprogress towardstowards thethe startstart ofof thethe newnew legislative session and formalformal submittal of your report pursuant toto SCR 97. AsAs youyou know, the Director of HealthHealth will nono longerlonger serveserve asas ofof thisthis year,year, andand GovernorGovernor electelect Igelge has not yet appointed key administrative positionspositions thatthat maymay impactimpact thethe directiondirection andand focus of my responses. OurOur DeputyDeputy AGAG willwill alsoalso needneed toto reviewreview finalfinal draftsdrafts ofof DOHDOH I comments that may resultresult inin changeschanges toto HRSHRS oror HAR.HAR.

The DOH appreciates thethe opportunityopportunity toto participateparticipate withwith youryour workingworking groupgroup andand wewe really appreciate the hardhard andand diligent workwork donedone byby yourselfyourself andand youryour Group.Group.

Mahalo For your Interest inin PublicPublic Health,Health,

Peter Oshiro Env. Health Program Manager Sanitation/Food and Drug/VectorDrugNector ControlControl BranchBranch

l

3 THE1;-is KOHAKOHA_ AA CEcs _f__"[_lg§_l?,_'TER education. environment. empowerment. -..-.

APPENDIX D

PUBLIC COMMENT ONON “RECOMMENDATIONS"RECOMMENDATIONS ON HOMEMADE FOODFOOD OPERATIONSOPERATIONS ININ HAVVAPI”HAMAN"

During November 2014, TheThe KohalaKohala CenterCenter solicitedsolicited publicpublic commentcomment onon thethe "Recommendations“Recommendations onon Homemade Food Operations in Hawai`i,"Hawai‘i,” andand includedincluded thethe followingfollowing surveysurvey questions:questions:

l.I. DoDo youyou processprocess foodfood forfor salesale toto thethe publicpublic inin youryour home?home? 2. AreAre youyou processingprocessing anyany foodfood thatthat youyou grow?grow? 3. WhatWhat grossgross salessales (i.e., sales before expenses) do you generategenerate onon anan annualannual basisbasis fromfrom sellingselling homemade food?food‘? 4. InIn whatwhat citycity oror towntown dodo youyou produceproduce homemadehomemade food?food? 5.. OnOn whichwhich islandisland dodo youyou produceproduce homemadehomemade food?food? 6.. WhatWhat isis youryour occupation?occupation? 7.. WhereWhere dodo youyou sellsell youryour homemadehomemade foodfood products?products? 8.. HowHow manymany daysdays perper weekweek dodo youyou sellsell homemadehomemade foodfood products?products? sooo-.io~u-_.is9. Currently,Currently, thethe HawaiiHawai‘i DepartmentDepartment ofof HealthHealth restrictsrestricts homemadehomemade foodfood salessales toto directdirect salessales toto consumers and prohibits wholesale sales. In orderorder toto receivereceive aa permitpermit toto makemake wholesalewholesale salessales ofof homemade food, wouldwould youyou bebe willingwilling to:to: a. Pay a higher permit feefee thanthan requiredrequired forfor directdirect salessales only;only; b. Consent to random home inspections with 24 hours'hours’ notice;notice; and/orand/or c. Complete advanced foodfood safetysafety and/orand/or foodfood preservationpreservation training?training‘? 10. What is the biggest limiting factor onon youryour salessales ofof homemadehomemade foodfood products?products? ll.11. Do you aspire to build a full-timefull-time foodfood productionproduction businessbusiness andand generategenerate allall ofof youryour incomeincome fromfrom such business?

Forty-seven people responded to the solicitation.solicitation. Of thethe 47,47, aa totaltotal ofof 1818 respondentsrespondents indicatedindicated thatthat theythey process food inin theirtheir homehome forfor salesale toto thethe public.public. OfOf thesethese 18l8 homemadehomemade foodfood producers:producers:

°• All process foodfood thatthat theythey grow.grow. °• 2 live on 0`ahu,O‘ahu, 99 livelive onon HawaiiHawai‘i Island,Island, 22 livelive onon Maui,Maui, 11 liveslives onon Kauai,Kaua‘i, andand 33 livelive onon Moloka‘i.Molokai. °• ll11 are farmers, along with a beekeeper,heekeeper, aa poi processor,processor, aa janitor,janitor, aa substancesubstance abuseabuse counselor,counselor, aa homemaker, a contractor/consultant,contractor/consultant, aa retiree,retiree, aa chef,chef, andand aa socialsocial worker.worker. '• l010 sell at farmers markets, 8 atat specialspecial events,events, 33 toto friendsfriends andand family,family, 33 toto restaurants/cafes,restaurants/cafes, 3 3toto other retail outlets, 2 toto grocers,grocers, 22 toto communityconnnunity supportedsupported agricultureagriculture programs,programs, 1l online,online, 1l atat church, 1l at a roadroad sideside stand,stand, andand 1l onon aa foodfood truck.tmck. °• 7 sell homemade food 1l day a week, 6 sellsell 22 daysdays aa week,week, 1I sellssells 77 daysdays aa week,week, andand 11 sellssells aa halfhalf day per week. °• Annual gross salessales rangedranged fromfrom $500$500 -- $30,000,$30,000, withwith anan averageaverage ofof $9,800.$9,800. '• In response to the question, "What“What isis thethe biggestbiggest limitinglimiting factorfactor onon youryour salessales ofof homemadehomemade foodfood I products?" 0o 1212 indicatedindicated beingbeing limitedlimited toto directdirect salessales only;only;

D_D-1' |

o 10 indicated beingbeing limitedlimited toto 20 salessales daysdays perper 120120 daysdays (per(per location)location) underunder thethe temporary foodfood establishmentestablishment permit;permit; 0o 7 indicated costs ofof productionproduction (e.g., food, energy, labor costs,costs, etc.);etc.); andand o 4 indicated the size of their home kitchen ~• lnIn order to receive aa permit toto wholesalewholesale homemadehomemade food:food: o 18 wouldwould be willing to complete advancedadvanced foodfood safetysafety and/orand/or foodfood preservationpreservation training;training; 0o l212 would be willing to consent to random home inspections with 24 hours'hours‘ notice;notice; andand 0o 7 would be willing toto paypay aa higherhigher permitpermit feefee thanthan requiredrequired forfor directdirect salessales only:only: '• ll11 aspireaspire toto buildbuild a full-timefill-time foodfood productionproduction businessbusiness andand generategenerate allall ofof theirtheir incomeincome fromfrom suchsuch business.

Twenty-fiveTwenty-five respondents provided the following commentscomments onon thethe recommendations:recommendations:

Recommendation: Homemade food operations must demonstrate adequate food safetysafety trainingtraining byby completingcompleting oneone ofof thethe following training courses andand passingpassing thethe accompanyingaccompanying foodfood safetysafety test:test:

l.1. eFoodl-IandlersmeFoodHandlersTM Basic Food Safety Course, offeredoffered onlineonline atat www.hifoodhandlers.comwww.l3§QQ

Comments: '• I agree with thethe proposal thatthat onlineonline classes/trainingclasses/training bebe acceptedaccepted asas proofproof ofof adequateadequate trainingtraining forfor homemade foodfood operations.operations. '• lI totallytotally supportsupport thisthis recommendation.recommendation. ItIt providesprovides aa win-winwin-win solutionsolution toto addressingaddressing foodfood safetysafety issues for both home producers andand thethe generalgeneral public.public. ItIt removesremoves oneone ofofthe the barriersbarriers (food(food safetysafety concems)concerns) for home production,production, andand minimizesminimizes thethe additionaladditional expenseexpense anticipatedanticipated byby anan onlineonline option. I appreciateappreciate thethe researchresearch donedone toto comecome upup withwith thisthis recommendationrecommendation thatthat encouragesencourages home businesses without jeopardizing foodfood safetysafety forfor thethe consumer.consumer. '• What about 'Hawai'i‘Hawai‘i CountyCounty Hawai`i:Hawai‘i: TrainingTraining CourseCourse forfor FoodFood SafetySafety Certification'Certification’ andand thethe multitude of other online options available‘?available? WhyWhy notnot givegive moremore options?options? PeoplePeople lovelove choices.choices. ~ Anyone selling food to the public shouldshould bebe requiredrequired byby lawlaw toto completecomplete oneone ofof thethe aboveabove coursescourses and showShow evidenceevidence ofof completioncompletion whenever and wherever they are sellingselling foodfood toto thethe public.public. Food should be clearlyclearly labeledlabeled inin accordanceaccordance withwith IIDOHHDOH foodfood safetysafety guidelines.guidelines. ThisThis shouldshould include any/all foodfood salessales atat garagegarage sales,sales, farmersfarmers markets,markets, concertconcert venues,venues, roadsideroadside foodfood stands,stands, benefitbenefit or fundraisingfundraising events,events, etc.etc. '• Agree. -• Already have done the HDOH'sHDOH’s two-daytwo-day FoodFood SafetySafety CertificationCertification Workshop,Workshop, offeredoffered inin person.person. We'd love to be ableable toto processprocess ourour chilichili pepperspeppers onon thethe farmfarm andand thenthen shipship directdirect toto thethe kitchenkitchen for bottling. '• FoodFood safety classes shouldshould be attendedattended inin personperson notnot online.online. OneOne ofof thethe valuesvalues ofof thesethese classesclasses isis to getget toto knowknow youryour inspectorsinspectors toto establishestablish aa workingworking relationshiprelationship andand toto answeranswer pertinentpertinent questions that always arise. There is potential for abuse ofof onlineonline tests.tests. Let'sLet's notnot compromisecompromise thethe safety of our foodfood supplysupply forfor convenience!convenience! '• Online courses are not proctored, therefore one could easily cheat. EspeciallyEspecially ifif EnglishEnglish isis notnot l their firstfirst language.language. '• l1 supportsupport the industry group recommendations.

D-2

l '• I think the online foodfood safetysafety coursecourse optionsoptions wouldwould bebe sufficientsufficient forfor mostmost foodfood operations.operations. '• That sounds totally reasonable. '• I think these allowancesallowances areare aa longlong timetime overdue.overdue. IfIf implemented,implemented, theythey willwill increaseincrease ourour economyeconomy and allow small foodfood businessesbusinesses thethe opportunityopportunity toto startstart smallsmall andand growgrow intointo largerlarger enterprises.enterprises. ~• I feel thethe valuevalue ofof aa livelive classclass isis worthworth thethe expenseexpense forfor strengtheningstrengthening understandingunderstanding andand valuevalue ofof good handling practices.practices.The Thetwo two dayday couldcould bebe shortened toto a 66 hourhour class,class, withwith betterbetter understanding and fullerlirller application discussed.discussed. WorthWorth thethe expense.expense. °• Sound like excellent ideas.ideas. '• Agree. Food safety takes common sensesense andand basicbasic trainingtraining thatthat cancan bebe handledhandled online.online. CaliforniaCalifornia allows an online self-certificationself—certification checklistchecklist forfor theirtheir cottagecottage foodfood industry.industry. '• These courses are a mustmust ifif someonesomeone intendsintends onon sellingselling homemadehomemade foods,foods, butbut theythey won'twon't keepkeep anyone safe ifif foodfood handling practicespractices areare notnot followedfollowed byby thethe foodfood handlers.handlers. ConsumerConsumer beware.beware. '• This seems to be reasonable. -• HDOH should include in its budgetbudget fundsfunds forfor foodfood safetysafety certificationcertification workshopworkshop soso theythey couldcould increase availability of the workshop. This isis veryvery importantimportant becausebecause notnot everyoneeveryone isis computercomputer literate or has aa computer.computer. IfIf thethe governmentgovernment isis seriousserious inin implementingimplementing itsits mandatemandate ofof increasedincreased food sustainability and food securitysecurity strategy,strategy, itit hashas toto provideprovide thethe necessarynecessary fundingfunding toto dodo so.so. You do not want toto develop anan industryindustry thatthat createscreates discrimination.discrimination. '• Training is always a good idea and if it can be done cheaplycheaply asas wellwell asas effectivelyeffectively (i.e.,(i. e., e-training) than by all means, thatthat shouldShould bebe supported.supported. ~• An online course seemsseems fine.fine. IfIf therethere isis concernconcern aboutabout cheating,cheating, therethere couldcould bebe anan in-personin-person proctored examexam ofof somesome sortsort thatthat wouldwould notnot taketake asas muchmuch HDOHHDOH resourcesresources asas thethe fullfull workshop.workshop. ~• Funds could be foundfound toto covercover anyany increasedincreased costscosts byby HDOHHDOH inin offeringoffering moremore classes.classes. °• Yes.

B. SANITARY GUIDELINES

Recommendation: Homemade food operations must comply with standardstandard industryindustry sanitarysanitary guidelinesguidelines forfor thethe productionproduction ofof allowable foods.

Comments: °• I agree with the aboveabove proposal.proposal. °• Another logical recommendationrecommendation that encouragesencourages homehome businessesbusinesses withoutwithout jeopardizingjeopardizing publicpublic health and food safety.safety. '• Anyone selling food to the public, no matter wherewhere thethe foodfood isis produced,produced, shouldshould bebe requiredrequired byby law toto completecomplete oneone ofof thethe aboveabove coursescourses andand showshow evidenceevidence ofof completioncompletion wheneverwhenever andand wherever they are sellingselling foodfood toto thethe public.public. FoodFood shouldshould alsoalso bebe clearlyclearly labeledlabeled inin accordanceaccordance with HDOH food safety guidelines. This should include any/all foodfood salessales atat garagegarage sales,sales, farmersfarmers markets, concert venues,venues, roadsideroadside foodfood stands,stands, benefitbenefit oror fitndraisingfrmdraising events,events, etc.etc. °• Agree. ~• Waste water is aa keykey issue.issue. FoodFood processingprocessing kitchenskitchens needneed toto complycomply withwith thethe federalfederal CleanClean Water Act that the statestate isis taskedtasked withwith enforcing.enforcing. '• In reality yes, but not sure how realisticrealistic itit wouldwould be.be. WouldWould aa 33 compartmentcompartment sinksink bebe required?required? AA separate hand-washing facility (or will aa restroomrestroom onon thethe premisespremises suffice?).suffice?). IfIf renovationsrenovations areare required, this would hinder thethe cottagecottage industry.industry. Sanitary standards must be maintained atat currentcurrent // legallegal acceptableacceptable standards.standards.

D-3 °• Yes, this makes sensesense forfor lowlow riskrisk foodfood items.items. °• Sounds finefine as long as I know what "standard“standard industryindustry sanitarysanitary guidelines"guidelines” are.are. °• DefinitelyDefinitely important. '• Good. Clear understandingunderstanding ofof HIHI requirementsrequirements isis important.important. '• Agree. •' Only makes sense if you educate producers andand consumers.consumers. '• lI don'tdon’t seesee thatthat thisthis recommendationrecommendation isis effectiveeffective ifif thethe veryvery rootroot ofof thethe problemproblem isis notnot addressed.addressed. By reading all thethe bulletedbulleted issuesissues presented,presented, thethe issueissue ofof adequateadequate numbernumber ofof "certified"“certified” foodfood reparation facility is not beingbeing addressed.addressed. OnlyOnly certifiedcertified kitchenkitchen isis mentionedmentioned andand thethe currentcurrent chailengeschallenges to accessaccess suchsuch facility.facility. UnlessUnless youyou havehave adequateadequate certifiedcertified foodfood preparationpreparation facilityfacility this project will notnot taketake off.off. HDOHHDOH shouldshould establishestablish separateseparate guidelinesguidelines toto allowallow forfor "certified“certified home kitchens"kitchens” forfor foodfood thatthat areare notnot potentiallypotentially hazardous.hazardous. '• I agree. Standard sanitary guidelines shouldshould be followed.followed. *• Restaurants are now being inspected and requiredrequired to postpost aa signsign thatthat sayssays whetherwhether theythey passed.passed Isls something similar possible for homemade food operations? Could you startstart withwith aa voluntaryvoluntary inspection that allows youyou toto postpost itit onon thethe labellabel oror website?website? '• Yes. °• Absolutely! °• I would have toto readread thethe guidelines.guidelines. DoDo youyou havehave thethe guidelines?guidelines? ItIt shouldshould bebe onon thisthis survey.survey. Mahalo. l '• Since HDOH has limited staff capability, to take onon inspectionsinspections ofof CottageCottage FoodFood kitchenskitchens seemsseems impossible. Cottage Food kitchens would requirerequire aa thoroughthorough initialinitial inspectioninspection beforebefore beingbeing permitted and frequent inspections to affirmaffirm compliancecompliance withwith foodfood safetysafety regulations.regulations. AllAll thethe requirements mentioned such as taking aa course,course, permitting,permitting, labelinglabeling etc.etc. areare simplesimple comparedcompared toto making sure that the cottage foodfood producerproducer isis compliantcompliant inin theirtheir kitchen.kitchen. II readread throughthrough thethe CACA Homemade Food Act and the regulations covercover allaii issues.issues. Example,Example, nono homehome foodfood preparationpreparation oror entertainment while making the product. No children oror petspets inin thethe kitchenkitchen areas.areas. NoNo pests.pests. I llikelike the idea of promotingpromoting thethe cottagecottage foodfood industry,industry, butbut doubtdoubt whetherwhether HDOHHDOH isis capablecapable toto makingmaking sure home kitchens and operatorsoperators areare compliant.compliant.

C. LABELING

Recommendation: AllAil homemade foodfood productsproducts produced and sold pursuantpursuant to aa homemadehomemade foodfood operationoperation permitpermit must include a labellabel indicatingindicating that the product was "Made“Made inin aa homehome kitchen,"kitchen,” alongalong withwith thethe namename andand address of the producer andand anan ingredientingredient list.list.

Comments: '• I agree with the aboveabove recommendation.recommendation. ~• lI supportsupport thisthis recommendationrecommendation as well. Itlt informsinforms thethe publicpublic withwith informationinformation toto identifyidentify thethe l home product fromfrom aa commerciallycommercially processedprocessed productproduct beforebefore purchasepurchase isis made.made. '• I'm inin favorfavor ofof leadingleading thethe trendtrend forfor transparencytransparency whenwhen itit comescomes toto labelinglabeling ofof ingredients;ingredients; therefore includingincluding whether oror notnot therethere areare geneticallygenetically modifiedmodified organismsorganisms inin thethe ingredients.ingredients. ItIt is also importantimportant toto statestate whetherwhether therethere areare peanutspeanuts (or(or otherother commoncommon allergens)allergens) beingbeing processedprocessed in the home (or(or any other) kitchen.kitchen. '• The label must also state the date and timetime thethe foodfood waswas mademade "in"in thethe home"home" andand bebe restrictedrestricted toto non-perishable itemsitems such as bakedbaked goods,goods, cookies,cookies, breads,breads, jams,jams, jellies,jellies, candies,candies, chocolates,chocolates, whole uncut fruits and produce, cotton candy,candy, drydry herbs,herbs, nuts,nuts, rubs,rubs, andand spices.spices. ' Agree.

D-4 '• This would be helpful toto thethe buyer.buyer. BuyerBuyer willwill probablyprobably expectexpect aa "better"better price"price" sincesince thethe sellerseller does not have the usualusual overheadoverhead likelike "regular""regular" manufacturers.manufacturers. WillWill thethe sellerseller needneed toto purchasepurchase liability insurance?insurance? Wouldn'tWouldn't the sellerseller needneed toto registerregister withwith thethe HawaiiHawai‘i DepartmentDepartment ofof Commerce and ConsumerConsumer Affairs?Affairs? CatchmentCatchment waterwater okay?okay? '• lI support the industryindustry recommendation.recommendation. ~• I agree with the labeling rationale.rationale. '• Agree. '• Good. We should allall bebe ableable toto makemake personalpersonal decisionsdecisions basedbased onon knowledge.knowledge. ~• I thinkthink thethe labelinglabeling requirementrequirement couldcould bebe waivedwaived forfor certaincertain direct-to-consumer,direct-to-consumer, face-to-faceface-to-face sales. For all other sales,sales, II thinkthink thethe labellabel asas describeddescribed isis essential,essential, andand shouldshould alsoalso includeinclude aa contact phone number andand aa permitpermit number.number. '• Agree. '• Well there should be somesome wayway toto contactcontact thethe producer,producer, butbut really,really, dodo II needneed toto havehave mymy homehome address on every label?label? AndAnd ofof coursecourse allall thethe ingredientsingredients againagain forfor safetysafety forfor thethe consumer.consumer. '• In additionaddition to "made"made inin aa homehome kitchen"kitchen" andand thethe namename andand addressaddress ofof thethe producerproducer andand anan ingredient list,list, I wouldwould hope thatthat eithereither aa "prepared"prepared onon date"date" oror anan "expiration"expiration date"date" wouldwould bebe required. (e.g. I oftentimes want to buy salsasalsa made herehere onon thethe islandisland butbut ifif therethere isis nono date,date, I Idodo not.) Some products may notnot havehave aa definitivedefinitive expirationexpiration datedate (e.g. coffee, jams,jams, jellies)jellies) so aa "prepared on or roastedroasted on date"date" maymay bebe thethe onlyonly guideline.guideline. °• Reasonable requirement. '• You have to be carefulcareful that thisthis requirementrequirement willwill notnot raiseraise negativenegative perceptionperception toto consumers,consumers, i.e.,i.e., caution to the consumers thatthat thisthis productproduct isis potentiallypotentially hazardoushazardous toto youryour health.health. ~• Keep it simplesimpie please. '• Acceptable, reasonable. '• This is a greatgreat idea,idea, butbut willwill producersproducers ofof homemadehomemade food products feel it isis anan invasioninvasion ofof privacy? What if theythey movemove andand thethe labelslabels becomebecome outout ofof date?date? CouldCould therethere bebe a asortsort ofof onlineonline registry that records the homehome addressaddress andand issuesissues anan identifyingidentifying number?number? ThatThat wayway thethe homehome address couldcould be updated onlineonline butbut the number would be the samesame onon thethe label.label. AA tradetrade association of homemade foodfood producersproducers couldcould maintainmaintain thethe onlineonline registry.registry. ~• Listing a home addressaddress on aa productproduct mightmight raiseraise flags,flags, ratherrather maybemaybe aa POPO BoxBox oror justjust havinghaving addresses on filefile forfor inspectioninspection inin casecase ofof aa problem.problem. '• Yes. °• Sounds reasonable. *• If this becomes a law,law, onlyonly thethe addressaddress shouldshould bebe required.required. "Made"Made inin aa homehome kitchen"kitchen" shouldshould bebe optional. ~• Does HDOH have the manpowermanpower to checkcheck onon compliance?compliance? AreAre thethe fundsfunds availableavailable toto supportsupport HDOH if these regulations areare passed?passed?

D. ALLOWABLE FOODS FOR HOME PRODUCTION

Recommendation: Any non-potentially hazardous food (basedOaased on pH)pH) maymay bebe producedproduced inin aa homehome kitchen.kitchen. HDOHHDOH shallshall create and publish online a samplesample listlist ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods toto actact asas aa guidelineguideline forfor home-home- based producers. The Department shall make it clearclear thatthat thethe samplesample listlist isis notnot exhaustiveexhaustive butbut onlyonly a a reference point toto makemake itit easiereasier forfor producersproducers toto understandunderstand somesome commoncommon non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foods.

Foods for whichwhich thethe pHpH hashas beenbeen loweredlowered byby addingadding foodfood additivesadditives oror componentscomponents suchsuch asas vinegarvinegar toto render the food soso thatthat itit isis non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous ("acidified(“acidified foods")foods”) maymay bebe producedproduced inin a ahomehome

D-5 kitchen if the finalfinal productproduct pHpH isis 3.53.5 oror belowbelow andand ifif thethe producerproducer completescompletes advancedadvanced foodfood preservationpreservation training. HDOH shallshall provide approvedapproved recipesrecipes andand proceduresprocedures forfor producingproducing acidifiedacidified foods.foods. CommonlyCommonly acidifiedacidified foods include pickles, relishes, salsas,salsas, hot sauces,sauces, andand saladsaiad dressings.dressings.

Comments: '• DefinitelyDefinitely support this recommendation as itit safelysafely allowsallows forfor thethe expansionexpansion ofof potentialpotential home-home- based products. HawaiiHawai‘i governmentgovernment needsneeds toto supportsupport expandingexpanding entrepreneurshipentrepreneurship opportunitiesopportunities and this is a way to do so while ensuring safesafe production.production. ~ '• Who is going to policepolice andand checkcheck onon thethe pHpH contentcontent ofof added-valueadded-value foodsfoods beingbeing producedproduced eithereither in home or in a certifiedcertified kitchen? Pickled fruitsfruits && vegetables?vegetables? KimKim Chee?Chee? DriedDried meats?meats? '• We produce hot sauce with a PHPH belowbelow 44 andand asas lowlow asas 2.8.2.8. WeWe wholeheartedlywholeheartedly hopehope thesethese newnew laws pass. It would allow usus toto do small batch valuevalue addedadded specialtyspecialty sauces.sauces. °• Must consider proper refrigeration per fIDOHHDOH regulationsregulations forfor ingredientsingredients thatthat areare usedused toto makemake non-potentially hazardous foods. Refrigeration shouldshould be usedused onlyonly forfor thethe productproduct producedproduced andand not mixed with home use foods.foods. '• I have seen jams and jellies that do not meetmeet 2121 CFRCFR 150.150. NotNot onlyonly fromfrom aa solublesoluble solidssolids levellevel butbut also from a standardstandard ofof identityidentity standpoint.standpoint. AndAnd thisthis shouldshould bebe "easy""easy" comparedcompared toto manymany otherother products. '• I am uncertain whichwhich particularparticular foodsfoods meetmeet thethe aboveabove restrictions.restrictions. '• I disagree with a blanketblanket prohibition andand feelfeel thatthat manymany acidifiedacidified foodsfoods cancan bebe safelysafely produceproduce in a home kitchen. ' Agree. ' Pretty limiting, and somewhat unnecessarily so. However,However, thethe aboveabove listlist andand requirementsrequirements areare a a good start. I hope notnot thethe lastlast word.word. ' Agree that fermentedfermented foodsfoods suchsuch asas kimchi,kimchi, sauerkraut,sauerkraut, andand tempehtempeh shouldshould remainremain allowedallowed inin home kitchen operations. Even the FDAFDA statesstates thatthat therethere havehave beenbeen nono documenteddocumented casescases ofof illness for non—car1nednon-canned fermented foods: lztlarihtta:i rs:@1\.*_.§..u.¢.l:_£iuida1_@rI.s>.~:t1n1@t1anceDoe umentsRegulatort§.Reat1lflt~>*".ihnht;1nauar,as.@ \information Acid' tieill-:'¥C'I‘.-'uct31_l_‘.;26fiedL &CF:, tit:1112226181613=411-Cl 8.hgnv'-tilit-§_ ~ Proper education and maybemaybe mastermaster foodfood preservepreserve certificationcertification classesclasses availableavailable statewidestatewide forfor those who want to sell acidifiedacidified foods.foods. ' Since some beveragesbeverages are banned,banned, thenthen beveragesbeverages mustmust bebe includedincluded somewhere.somewhere. I Iamam 99.9%99.9% certain coffee is consideredconsidered a non-hazardousnon-hazardous food item but II don'tdon't seesee itit listed.listed. I sell roasted coffee. I have aa certifiedcertified coffeecoffee kitchenkitchen butbut havehave received a note fromfrom thethe healthhealth departmentdepartment thatthat they will notnot bebe issuingissuing furtherfurther certificationscertifications sincesince coffeecoffee isis consideredconsidered non-hazardous.non-hazardous. OrOr something like that.that. So where do coffee roasterstoasters fall these days -— therethere are aa wholewhole lotlot ofof usus soso please don't forget about us. Also,Also, ifif II havehave visitorsvisitors toto thethe farmfarm I Isometimessometimes provideprovide samplessamples ofof brewed coffee. What areare thethe regulationsregulations onon that?that? •' Ask for the revision of the list to includeinclude thosethose thatthat youyou seesee fitfit toto bebe included.included. '• Again, keep it simplesimple andand cheap.cheap. $50$50 isis notnot cheap.cheap. '• My eyes glazed over on thisthis part.part. WhatWhat dodo youyou wantwant thethe statestate toto do?do? InsteadInstead ofof havinghaving itsits ownown definition,definition, follow FDA rules? '• Please add to the foodfood list:list: kalokalo (taro),(taro), tarotaro leaf,leaf, uluulu (breadfruit)(breadfruit) toto foodfood lists.lists. '• Sounds great! -• Let's make it easiereasier forfor Hawai‘iHawaii residents toto make aa living at home. CostCost toto live in I-lawai‘iHawaii isis outrageous! II don'tdon't knowknow howhow mymy childchild willwill bebe ableable toto livelive inin Hawai`Hawai‘i i ifif wewe don'tdon't bebe creative.creative.

D-6 E. PERMITS

Recommendation: Homemade food operations must apply forfor anan annualannual "homemade“homemade foodfood operationoperation permit"permit" fromfrom HDOHHDOH (suggested fee: $50). PermitsPermits willwill bebe issuedissued toto homemadehomemade foodfood operatorsoperators thatthat havehave completedcompleted adequateadequate food safety training and areare producingproducing allowableallowable foods.foods. TheThe permitpermit allowsallows aa homemadehomemade foodfood operationoperation toto produce allowable foods in a designateddesignated homehome oror farmfarm kitchenkitchen thatthat conformsconforms toto thethe buildingbuilding codecode ofof thethe county in whichwhich thethe kitchenkitchen isis located,located, andand allowsallows HDOHHDOH thethe optionoption toto inspectinspect homemadehomemade foodfood operations, as long as HDOH provides the homemade food operator with atat leastleast 2424 hours'hours’ noticenotice ofof thethe inspection. Refusing entryenny maymay constituteconstitute groundsgrounds forfor denial,denial, suspension,suspension, oror revocationrevocation ofof thethe permit.permit.

Comments: •' I agree with the permit for reason #1 above.above. However,However, II dodo notnot agreeagree withwith thethe needneed toto inspectinspect thethe facility. IfIf that isis thethe casecase thenthen youyou areare backback atat usingusing aa certifiedcertified kitchen.kitchen. WhatWhat wouldwould bebe thethe parameters of a qualifiedqualified home or farm kitchen? An oven?oven? twotwo sinks?sinks? SpicSpic andand spanspan Mr.Mr. CleanClean kitchen‘?kitchen? The approved courses along with labelinglabeling of thethe productproduct withwith itsits ingredients,ingredients, whenwhen itit was made AND a notation MADE IN AA HOMEHOME OROR FARMFARM KITCHENKITCHEN shouldshould bebe enoughenough forfor thethe consumer to decide forfor themselvesthemselves whetherwhether toto purchasepurchase itit oror not.not. °• Current rules are o.k.o.k. forfor fundraisingfundraising effortsefforts ofof non-profitsnon-profits butbut wayway tootoo restrictiverestrictive forfor homehome businesses. Our government needs to makemake thesethese changeschanges toto encourageencourage homehome businessesbusinesses whilewhile assuring the safety and health of the consumers.consumers. It is alsoalso clearclear toto meme thatthat thethe generalgeneral publicpublic isis very much desiringdesiring home-madehome-made productsproducts asas evidencedevidenced byby thethe successsuccess ofof farmersfan-hers marketsmarkets andand food and craft fairs.fairs. °• Applying for permits annually cancan bebe tootoo costlycostly forfor small-timesmall-time producesproduces whosewhose profitprofit marginsmargins areare already, often, extremely minimal. II suggestsuggest thethe renewalrenewal timetime bebe everyevery 22 yearsyears andand notnot toto exceedexceed $25, annually. '• The food safety requirements for the TFETFE permitpermit shouldshould bebe exactlyexactly thethe samesame asas thethe HomemadeHomemade Food Operation permit ifif directdirect salessales areare allowedallowed underunder both.both. AndAnd inspectionsinspections shouldshould bebe allowedallowed to both with the same 24 hours'hours’ notice.notice. °• Agreed. '• The 24 hour notice defeats the purpose of allowingallowing HDOH access to thethe facilityfacility toto seesee whatwhat isis really going on. ThisThis isis aa goodgood thing!thing! FoodFood processorsprocessors mustmust bebe heldheld accountableaccountable forfor theirtheir operations. If they have nothing to hide thenthen theythey won'twon't mindmind spotspot inspections.inspections. FoodFood inspectionsinspections should be as much about prevention as cleaningcleaning upup afterafter anan incident.incident. PeoplePeople diedie fromfrom foodbomefoodbome illnesses, let's not dumb down ourour foodfood safetysafety lawslaws becausebecause peoplepeople areare tootoo lazylazy oror cannotcannot affordafford the proper facilities and equipment.equipment. OurOur standardsstandards shouldshould bebe keptkept high.high. TheThe currentcurrent requirementsrequirements of HDOH are all doable and are good common sense, we should not lower our standards. TheseThese proposed changes will require aa bigbig increaseincrease inin fundingfunding toto HDOHHDOH whichwhich alreadyalready cannotcannot keepkeep upup with required inspections. Food processing facilitiesfacilities atat aa homehome locationlocation areare alreadyalready allowedallowed underunder current law and areare permittedpermitted as aa commercialcommercial useuse ofof allall zoningzoning (with(with permitspermits andand certaincertain restrictions). Allowing unlimited sales in areas not zoned forfor commercialcommercial useuse cancan setset upup potentialpotential problems with roads, parking and other issues.issues. FoodFood processingprocessing facilitiesfacilities establishedestablished atat aa homehome location should be usedused onlyonly forfor thethe commercialcommercial useuse statedstated inin thethe permitpermit andand shouldshould notnot bebe mixedmixed with home use. Most homes have pets thatthat havehave freefree runrun ofof thethe househouse andand thisthis posesposes aa threatthreat toto food safety. Also, homes have a lot ofof peoplepeople goinggoing inin andand outout thatthat aren'taren't partpart ofof thethe processingprocessing that will be occurring and posepose aa threatthreat ofof contamination.contamination. MixingMixing foodsfoods thatthat areare forfor homehome useuse andand eating and cooking utensils in anan areaarea thatthat isis toto bebe usedused forfor commercialcommercial productionproduction ofof foodsfoods posesposes a threat of contamination.contamination. KeepingKeeping thethe requirementrequirement forfor directdirect salessales onlyonly willwill helphelp inin thethe trackingtracking in case there isis contamination ofof foodsfoods producedproduced inin thethe proposedproposed homehome kitchens.kitchens. I Imustmust confess,confess, I I think your proposed changeschanges areare notnot aa goodgood idea.idea. II amam aa farmerfarmer andand a afoodfood processorprocessor andand nothingnothing in the current regulations hashas preventedprevented usus fromfrom beingbeing successfulsuccessful atat bothboth forfor twotwo decades.decades.

D-7 • Recommend direct sales only since unfairunfair competitioncompetition for "legal""legal" businesses.businesses. WillWill wholesalerwholesaler require liability insurance?insurance? Couldn'tCouldn't thethe wholesalerwholesaler inin turnturn sellsell itit toto a aretailer,retailer, restaurant,restaurant, etc.?etc.? • I support the HDOH require foodfood handlinghandling safetysafety training.training. II believebelieve thethe permittingpermitting processprocess shouldshould include mandatory site inspection priorprior to the issueissue ofof thethe permit,pennit, asas wellwell asas inspectionsinspections atat thethe discretion of thethe HDOHHDOH afterafter thethe permitpermit isis issued.issued. • How about the fee forfor aa permitpermit isis $25.00?$25.00? MoreMore folksfolks wouldwould bebe willingwilling toto workwork withinwithin thethe guidelines if the permit feefee werewere moremore reasonable.reasonable. • These proposals make sense.sense. • The homemade food operations permit is safersafer forfor thethe consumerconsumer andand betterbetter forfor thethe homemadehomemade food producers. LoveLove it!it! • Good. • I'm not sure why aa TFETFE permitpermit holderholder shouldshould bebe exemptexempt fromfrom foodfood safetysafety training.training. • Great! • Looks clear, simple andand enforceable.enforceable. • To protect thethe homemadehomemade foodfood operationsoperations andand "buy“buy local"local” andand ourour strugglingstruggling agag industry,industry, it it seems to me thatthat peoplepeople shouldshould havehave toto proveprove theythey havehave insuranceinsurance beforebefore theythey receivereceive theirtheir permit. If a touristtourist oror anyoneanyone shouldshould getget sicksick fromfrom anyany ofof ourour locallylocally produced/homeproduced/home cookedcooked foodfood items it would wreck itit forfor everyone.everyone. AtAt leastleast ifif itit happenshappens thenthen bothboth partiesparties areare protected.protected. • I provide non potentially hazardous food from my home kitchen under the TFE permit. II amam notnot charged a fee. II believebelieve thatthat thethe proposedproposed rulerule changechange wouldwould changechange thisthis andand increaseincrease mymy costs.costs. Perhaps you could have aa waiverwaiver underunder thethe permitpermit forfor non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods preparedprepared in a home kitchen. • Keep it simple and cheap please. Look where you live,live, and if youyou don't,don’t, you'llyou'll paypay forfor it.it. MoreMore will be on EBT. • Sounds good. Might also emphasize that the purposepurpose ofof thethe permitspennits vary,vary, butbut bothboth promotepromote foodfood independence in Hawai‘i,Hawaii, locallocal entrepreneurship,entrepreneurship, andand thethe publicpublic health.health. • Yes • Sounds reasonable. • In other states,states, itit isis veryvery flexibleflexible toto dodo cookingcooking atat homehome andand sellingselling items.items. LawsLaws shouldshould bebe flexible.flexible. TheThe state of HawaiiHawai‘i hashas toto learnlearn toto bebe businessbusiness friendlyfriendly soso wewe cancan encourageencourage moremore farmers to farm andand reallyreally makemake HawaiiHawai‘i islandisland becomebecome thethe hubhub ofof agriculture.agriculture. WithWith thethe manymany different climates we have, we can growgrow almostalmost everything.everything. • All allowableallowable foodsfoods must be permitted.permitted. NewNew productsproducts cannotcannot be soldsold withoutwithout aa permit.peimit. Inspections do not require notice.notice. LimitLimit $$ salessales ofof productproduct forfor thethe year.year.

D-8 THE1ur;i.<.ou.A KOHAA@,is.1i1-2R A&TER education. environment. empowerment.

APPENDIX E

PENNSYLVANIA REGULATORREGULATOR LETTER Pennsylvaniapennsylvania vivD‘ DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

BUREAU orOF FOODFOOD SAFETYSAFETY &s. LABORATORYLABORATORY SERVICES

June 25, 2012

Mr. Stambler:

In response to your inquiryinquiry regardingregarding thethe CommonwealthCommonwealth ofof Pennsylvania'sPennsylvania's foodfood safetysafety program with respect to "Home“Horne Food Processors,"Processors,” II offeroffer thethe following:following:

Pennsylvania registersregisters homehome foodfood processorsprocessors underunder ourour FoodFood SafetySafety ActAct —~ thethe same statute thatthat appliesapplies toto allall otherother foodfood processorsprocessors / Imanufacturersmanufacturers inin thethe state.state.

Pennsylvania has been registering ‘home'home food processors'processors’ sincesince thethe 1970's.1970’s.

Home Food Processors areare requiredrequired toto meetmeet certaincertain criteriacriteria toto registerregister withwith thethe Department. GuidelinesGuidelines cancan bebe foundfound onon ourour websitewebsite atat Www.EatSafePA.comwww.EatSafePA.com Key criteria include.include: 1)1) nono petspets inin thethe home,home, 2)2) onlyonly preparationpreparation ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous foods, 3) water testing on non-publicnon-public waterwater sources,sources, 4)4) appropriateappropriate labeling of foods, 5) separation of ingredientsingredients forfor business useuse andand personalpersonal use,use, and 6) compliance with routine inspectionsinspections by thethe DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture.Agriculture.

Currently there are approximately 15001500 registeredregistered homehome foodfood processorsprocessors inin thethe Commonwealth ofof PA.PA.

In my 15 yearsyearsworking working with the Department, II amam not awareaware ofof anyany foodbornefoodbome illness outbreaks associated with any Commonwealth registeredregistered "home“home foodfood processors.”processors."

The Commonwealth has had outbreaks associated withwith unregistered home food processors, typically related to illegalillegal processing ofof low-acidlow-acid cannedcanned foodsfoods oror other potentially hazardous foodsfoods justjust asas cateringcatering meals.meals.

If you have further questions, oror II cancan be ofof otherother assistance,assistance, pleaseplease feelfeel freefree toto contactcontact lIl€.me.

Sincerely,

ff if I 4'?‘ '1 ;;A_;,-§ fr‘,//7 /1!; _J,\_/1 }_.—t.;/4‘ \, ,\,/‘T4455 .>- " Sheri L. Morris Food Program Manager

2301 N.N.Cameron CameronSt. St. II Harrisburg, Pa 17110-9408 I| Ste.Ste. 112112 II 717.787.4315717.787.4315 I | www,agriculture.state,pa.uswww.agriculture.st-ate.pa.us CottageCottage,itFoodtood LawsLaws In he UnitedcUnited States

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-—' it /' V .-7" Q.av,~-K. 3»" {Ip-’ T\'.\:;t|\\.I-‘.jL\§;m:fi .:¢’.=! 4‘_ ,,.-=1;_. IIi

August 20132013 Harvard HarvardRood Law and Policy Clinic AP322‘ Division ofh:::;%5;§st9m the Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation Author

This report waswas writtenwritten byby AlliAlli Condra,Condra, ClinicalClinical FellowFellow inin thethe HarvardHarvard LawLaw SchoolSchool FoodFood LawLaw andand PolicyPolicy Clinic (a(a divisiondivisionof of thethe CenterCenter forfor HealthHealth LawLaw andand PolicyPolicy Innovation),Innovation), and preparedprepared underunder thethe supervision ofof EmilyEmily BroadBroad Leib,Leib, DirectorDirector ofof thethe HarvardHarvard LawLaw SchoolSchool FoodFood LawLaw andand PolicyPolicy Clinic.Clinic.

This projectproject was based on prior research, writing,writing, andand editingediting ofof thethe followingfollowing students:

Vanessa Assae-Bille,Assae-Bille, HarvardHarvard LawLaw SchoolSchool Tareah lkharo,lkharo, HarvardHarvard LawLaw SchoolSchool Evan Kubota, Harvard LawLaw SchoolSchool Vincent Lee,Lee, HarvardHarvard LawLaw School Daniel Preysman, HarvardHarvard LawLaw SchoolSchool Raishay Lin, Harvard LawLaw School

Contact

For more information aboutabout thethe HarvardHarvard LawLaw SchoolSchool FoodFood LawLaw andand PolicyPolicy Clinic,Clinic, emailemail f|[email protected]@law.harvard.edu .

Food Law and PoiPohcy Ty `Thrift,Clinic, Harvard LawLaw SchooSchool 22agel ii’ 5 g z Table of Contents

Introduction ...... ..44 Importance ofof PassingPassing and StrengtheningStrengthening CottageCottage FoodFood LawsLaws ...... .. 6 Summary of U.S.U.S. Cottage FoodFood LawsLaws ...... .. 7 Regulating "Food Establishments" ...... .. 7 Creating Cottage FoodFood LawsLaws ...... .. 8 Common Elements FoundFound inin CottageCottage FoodFood LawsLaws ...... .. 10 Types of Cottage FoodFood ProductsProducts AllowedAllowed ...... .. 10 Limits onon Where FoodFood CanCan BeBe SoldSold ...... .. 12 Required Registration, Licenses, and/or PermitsPermits ...... .. 13 Limits onon Total Sales ...... .. 14 Required LabelingLabeling ...... .. 16 Conclusion ...... .. 17

Table of FiguresFigures

Figure 1. Fifty-StateFifty—State ReviewReview of Cottage FoodFood LawsLaws ...... .. 5 Figure 2. Types of Cottage FoodFood ProductsProducts AllowedAllowed ...... ..1111 Figure 3. Limits onon WhereWhere Cottage FoodFood ProductsProducts CanCan BeBe SoldSold ...... .. 12 Figure 4.4. Required Registration, Licenses, and/or PermitsPermits ...... .. 13 Figure 5. Limits on Total Sales ...... .. 15 Figure 6. Required LabelingLabeling ...... .. 16

Food0"? Lawi_~w andsrvzzi RolF’-;>l:r.g1<'f§ér‘¢zc, tiasvard Law St" t oi 3WageI F‘ g

Introduction

The past few years have seen aa markedmarked increaseincrease inin thethe amountamount ofof locallocal andand small-scalesmall-scale foodfood productionproduction in the UnitedUnited States. ForFor example, the numbernumber ofof farmersfarmers marketsmarkets throughoutthroughout thethe UnitedUnited StatesStates hashas been on the riserise overover thethe pastpast decade,decade, increasingincreasing byby 9.69.6 percentpercent inin oneone yearyear alonealone betweenbetween 20112011 andand 2012.2012.11 Along withwith thisthis recentrecent growth inin farmers marketsmarkets andand explodingexploding demanddemand forfor-local local foodsfoods hashas comecome a pushpush toto allowallow individualsindividuals to produceproduce andand sellsell non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foods mademade inin theirtheir homehome kitchens, outside of expensive permitting andand licensinglicensing procedures.procedures.

Many of thethe food safety lawslaws regulating food productionproduction inin thethe UnitedUnited StatesStates werewere designeddesigned asas one-size-one-size- fits—aIlfits-all regulations.regulations. For example, commercial food productionproduction isis almostalmost alwaysalways requiredrequired toto taketake placeplace inin a a certified commercial kitchen. ThisThis requirementrequirement is based on the ideaidea thatthat commercialcommercial kitchenskitchens thatthat havehave met certain requirementsrequirements (such(such asas includingincluding surfacessurfaces mademade ofof stainlessstainless steel,steel, separateseparate hand-hand- andand dish-dish- washing sinks, andand meeting specific license and inspection requirements) willwill be safersafer thanthan producingproducing food inin an unlicensed,unlicensed, uninspected kitchen.kitchen. For some food production, this requirementrequirement makesmakes sense.sense. But not all foodfood production is high risk. “Cottage"Cottage foods,”foods," non-potentially hazardous foodsfoods (such(such asas bakedbaked goods, jams, and jellies), dodo notnot present the samesame foodfood safetysafety risksrisks asas otherother processedprocessed foods.foods. Therefore,Therefore, allowing producersproducers toto make these non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous goods in their homes,homes, ratherrather thanthan inin a a commercial kitchen, reduces the barriersbarriers toto entryentry forfor small-scalesmall-scale producersproducers whilewhile recognizingrecognizing thethe low-low- risk naturenature of these products.products.

Food production operations varyvary in terms ofof sizesize of operationoperation andand typetype ofof foodfood produced,produced, turningturning one-one- size-fits-all regulationsregulations intointo significantsignificantbarriers barriersto to entryentry forfor certain food producers.producers. BecauseBecause therethere isis nono way to completely eliminate all risk inin thethe foodfood systemsystem and because thethe lawslaws thatthat existexist createcreate barriersbarriers toto small-scale producers,producers,there there needsneeds to bebe scale-appropriatescale-appropriate lawslaws thatthat balancebalance foodfood safetysafety whilewhile maintaining opportunityopportunity for small-scale food food entrepreneursentrepreneurs to enter thethe market.market.

Allowing cottage cottage foodsfoods toto be sold at farmers marketsmarkets andand inin similar locationslocations providesprovides aa number of importantimportant benefits,benefits, A Win-Win SituationSituation including bothboth direct and indirectindirect economiceconomic benefitsbenefits andand community benefits. IncreasingIncreasing the numbernumber ofof locallylocally mademade As waswas notednoted byby MichiganMichigan StateState products available forfor purchase at farmersfarmers marketsmarkets andand Representative Pam Byrnes,Byrnes, allowingallowing the similar locationslocations hashas the directdirect economiceconomic benefitbenefit ofof production of cottage foodsfoods isis "a"a win-winwin-win increasingthe the amount of money that staysstays inin thethe locallocal situation—residents lookinglooking toto launchlaunch aa economy. HomeHome foodfood productionproduction or cottagecottage foodfood startup businessbusiness will have an easier timetime production cancan also servesewe asas aa businessbusiness incubatorincubator byby setting up shop,shop, andand consumersconsumers lookinglooking for deliciousdelicious homemade items for theirtheir reducing somesome of thethe start-upstart-up barriersbarriers forfor fledglingfledgling families will havehave moremore options.”options." entrepreneurs andand providingproviding thethe indirectindirect economiceconomic benefitbenefit of growinggrowing moremore locallocal businesses.businesses. CommunitiesCommunities benefitbenefit Daniel Lai,Lai, GmnholmGronholm Signs Cottage Food from cottage foodfood productionproduction becausebecause itit providesprovides residentsresidents Operations Bill Into Low,Low, greater accessaccess toto locallylocally producedproduced foods.foods. Additionally,Additionally, HERITAGENEWSPAPERSCDM,HERITAGENEWSPAPERS.COM , July 12, 2010, http://www.heritage.com/articles/2010/07/12http.fiwww.heritage.com/articles/2010/07/12 cottage food lawslaws encourageencourage moremore peoplepeople toto growgrow foodfood /heritagewest/news/doc4c3b698fa1b8071400/heritagewestinews/doc4c3b698falb8071400 because the growers know theythey have an outlet toto createcreate 1632.txt. value-added products from any excessexcess freshfresh fruitsfruits andand vegetables they produce.

11- Farmers Markets andand LocalLocal Food Marketing, U.S.11.5. DEP'TDEPIT orOF AGRlC.,AGRIC., AGRIC.AGRIC. MKTG. SERV.,SERV., http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateS&leftNav=WholesaleandFarmersMarketshttp://www.ams.usda.gov/AM5v1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template.TemplateS&IeftNav=WholesaleandFarmersMarkets &page=WFMFarmersMarketGrowth&description=Farmers%20Market%20Growth (last(last visitedvisited Jan.Jan. 16,16, 2013).2013).

Food Law and PolicPolicyy, Climc,Clinic, HaraardHat-=/arc; LawLaw SchoolSchool 4lPai:4IPage In light ofof thesethese benefits, states havehave passedpassed variousvarious versionsversions ofof cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws overover thethe pastpast fewfew years. Although therethere are some commonalities between statestate laws,laws, therethere areare alsoalso somesome veryvery importantimportant differences. Currently, nono comprehensivecomprehensive analysisanalysisof of statestate cottage foodfood lawslaws exists.exists. ThisThis reportreport isis intended to fillfill that gap.gap. InIn orderorder toto provideprovide aa fullfull picturepicture ofof thethe cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws acrossacross thethe UnitedUnited States, this reportreport willwill explainexplain how cottage foodfood lawslaws work,work, provideprovide somesome examplesexamples ofof bestbest practices,practices, and discussdiscuss why states shouldshould passpass newnew cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws oror strengthenstrengthen existingexisting laws.laws. Finally,Finally, thisthis report includesincludes a series of charts that presentpresent aa summarysummary ofof thethe cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws inin thethe fiftyfifty statesstates asas ofof May 2013. Based onon whatwhat is allowed in different states, somesome maymay disagreedisagree aboutabout whichwhich statesstates actuallyactually have cottage food laws.laws. InIn our report, wewe considerconsider aa statestate toto havehave aa cottagecottage foodfood lawlaw ifif thethe statestate allowsallows for some kindkind of in-home processing ofof food.food. However,However,it it isis importantimportant toto remember that eveneven statesstates that alreadyalready havehave aa cottagecottage foodfood lawlaw cancan changechange andand improveimprove theirtheir cottagecottage foodfood lawlaw regime.regime.

Cottage food laws vary widelywidelyin inthe the requirements and limits setset by the states,states, andand asas thisthis reportreport is intended to provideprovide anan overviewoverview ofof allall thethe statestate laws,laws, thethe informationinformation is isnecessarilynecessarily limited.limited. AnyAny individual interestedinterested inin startingstarting upup aa cottage foodfood businessbusiness cancan useuse thisthis reportreport asas aa startingstarting point,point, butbut should consult anan attorney familiar withwith thethe state lawlaw inin effecteffect inin his/herhis/her statestate toto helphelp navigatenavigate thethe process. Additionally, the the informationinformation isis currentcurrent asas of May 2013,2013, butbut asas statesstates continue to passpass lawslaws andand develop rules and regulations toto implement these laws,laws, it will be important to researchresearch youryour state'sstate's laws, regulations,regulations, andand statestate department ofof healthhealth and/orand/or agriculture'sagriculture's websitewebsite forfor anyany updates.updates.

Figure 1.1. Fifty-State Review of CottageCottage FoodFood LawsLaws

States that AllowAllow Cottage FoodFood Operations I l _ __ States that DoDo NotE Allow Alabama Maine Ohio Cottage Food Operations Alaska Maryland Oregon Connecticut Arizona | Massachusetts | pennsvwaniaPennsylvania Connecticut District of Columbia Arkansas Michigan Rhode Island Hawaii California Minnesota South CarolinaCaroiina IdaIdahoho Colorado Mississippi South Dakota Kansas Delaware Missouri Tennessee Montana New Jersey Florida Texas NoNorthrth DakotaDa kota Georgia Nebraska Utah Oklahoma Illinois Nevada Vermont New Hampshire West Virginia Indiana Virginia Iowa New Mexico Washing-tonWashington Kentucky New York Wisconsin North Carolina Louisiana Wyoming A A ~_

I Foodl’}((|l..1-/J Law andinc 20Poftyr_, CHaa:C11 ia.11="=¢ardla~.vHarvard taw S=;'h<;~oi 5 | F’ a t Importance of PassingPassing and Strengthening CottageCottage FoodFood LawsLaws

At their mostmost basic,basic, cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws permitpermit thethe in-homein-home productionproduction andand salesale ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous foods. As ofof thethe publication of thisthis report, forty-two states hadhad somesome sortsort ofof cottagecottage foodfood law,law, and ninenine states,states, includingincluding Washington,Washington, D.C.,D.C., did not.not.’2 Although more than two-thirdstwo-thirds of statesstates havehave cottage food laws,laws, there isis nono uniformityuniformity amongamong thethe laws.laws. SomeSome statesstates restrictrestrict home-basedhome-based foodfood processingactivitiesprocessing . activities toto a veryvery narrownarrow categorycategory ofof processorsprocessors (such(such asas on-farmon-farm only).only).33 OthersOthers capcap allowable sales at a low amount, such that in-homein-home processingprocessing activitiesactivities can only be aa hobbyhobby andand notnot aa viable business or launching pad for a morernore traditionaltraditional foodfood processingprocessing business.business.“° Some cottage foodfood laws are relativelyrelatively easyeasy toto find in the states'states’ lawslaws andand havehave clearclear requirements,requirements, whilewhile otherother states'states’ cottage food laws are difficult toto find and may not clearlyclearly state the requirementsrequirements forfor aa cottagecottage foodfood operation.

For thethe nine states that havehave notnot yetyet passedpassed aa cottagecottage foodfood law,law, therethere isis aa greatgreat opportunityopportunity toto learnlearn from other statesstates andand craftcraft aa thoughtful,thoughtful, thoroughthorough cottagecottage foodfood lawlaw thatthat willwill bebe clear,clear, easyeasy toto find,find, andand will allowallow in-homein-home processorsprocessors toto start businessesbusinesses to supportsupport thethe locallocal economy.economy. InIn turn,turn, businessesbusinesses created underunder thesethese cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws willwill increaseincrease accessaccess toto locallocal productsproducts forfor theirtheir communities.communities.

States with very limited cottage food lawslaws alwaysalways have the opportunityopportunity toto reviewreview andand improveimprove thesethese existing laws,laws, basedbased onon thethe examples of other states. ForFor example,example, it seems that manymany cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws were passed withwith thethe intentionintention ofof onlyonly allowingallowing cottage foodfood processorsprocessors toto useuse theirtheir home-basedhome-based foodfood businesses as a sideside businessbusiness oror hobby.hobby. WithWith thethe increasedincreased focusfocus onon supportingsupporting andand growinggrowing locallocal economies and providingproviding access toto local products, cottage food lawslaws needneed toto bebe broadbroad enoughenough toto allowallow producers to makemake theirtheir operationsoperations viableviable businesses.businesses. RemovingRemoving oror increasingincreasing thethe salessales limitslimits forfor cottage food operations wouldwould help establish cottage food operationsoperations asas importantimportant contributorscontributors toto thethe local economy. Similarly, removing removingrestrictions restrictionsthat that limitlimit cottagecottage food operations toto on-farmon-farm processorsprocessors would also allow aa significantsignificantnumber number ofof potentialpotential cottagecottage food producers to enterenter thethe market.market.

Cottage food laws also need to be easyeasy toto findfind withinwithin aa state'sstate's lawslaws oror regulations.regulations. WhenWhen potentialpotential in-in- home processors are lookinglooking toto start cottagecottage foodfood operations,operations, theythey shouldshould bebe ableable toto findfind thethe lawslaws andand regulations governing theirtheir businesses relatively easily,easily, andand theythey should be able to understandunderstand whatwhat isis required of them.them. ByBy havinghaving difficult-to-finddifficult-to-find cottagecottage foodfood laws or hiddenhidden exemptionsexemptions fromfrom thethe requirements for food establishments, states maymay causecause cottagecottage foodfood operatorsoperators toto inadvertentlyinadvertently breakbreak their state's lawslaws oror leadlead potentialpotential cottagecottage foodfood operatorsoperators toto foregoforego startingstarting cottagecottage foodfood businesses.businesses. States should review how their laws are structured andand directdirect relevantrelevant statestate agenciesagencies toto createcreate easy-to-easy-to- follow guidesguides forfor potentialpotential cottagecottage foodfood operators. To help potential cottage food operators understandunderstand and comply with laws and regulations, it is critical toto ensure that relevantrelevant guidelinesguidelines areare easyeasy toto findfind onon the state's departmentdepartment ofof agricultureagriculture and/orand/or departmentdepartment ofof health'shealth's website.website.

2 Nevada is thethe most recentrecent statestate toto passpass aa cottagecottage foodfood law:law: Nevada'sNevada’s governorgovernor approvedapproved thethe cottagecottage foodfood billbill onon MayMay 24,24, 2013, and thethe lawlaw tooktook effecteffect JulyJuly 1,1, 2013.2013. AnAn ActAct RelatingRelating toto FoodFood Establishments,Establishments, 20132013 Nev.Nev. LawsLaws Ch.Ch. 152152 (5.B.(5.3. 206);206); see Joan Whitely, Cottage Foods Coming SoonSoon toto aa Farmers’Farmers' Market NearNear You,You, KNPR.orio,KNPR.ofto,July July31, 31, 2013,2013, http://www.knpr.org/son/archive/detail2.cfm?SegmentlD=10332&ProgramlD=2840.httpl/www.knptordson/archive/detail2.cfmnegmentID=10332&ProgramID=2840. 3' See e.g., Kv.KY.Rev. REV.STAT. STAT.Arm. ANN.§§ 217.015, §§ 217.015,.136, .136,.137 .137(West (West 2012); 902902 KY.KY. ADMIN. Rees.REGS.45:090 45:090 (2012). 4 See e.g., MINN. Star. STAT.§ 28A.15(10(a)l § 28A.15(10(a))l2012) (2012)(limiting (limitingcottage cottagefood foodsales salesto to $5,000$5,000 per year).year).

FoodEn Law and Pclicy Clinic i1ai'var<.£ LawLa w SchoniSchooi 6 I 51 .5 1; 0

Summary of U.S.U.S. CottageCottage FoodFood LawsLaws

Cottage food laws have been implementedimplemented inin aa fewfew ways.ways. ManyMany statesstates passpass theirtheir cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws through legislation.legislation. TheThe detailsdetails ofof thethe laws are often thenthen filledfilled outout throughthrough regulationsregulations passedpassed byby aa state departmentdepartment ofof healthhealth oror departmentdepartment ofof agriculture.agriculture. ForFor example,example, Maryland'sMaryland's cottagecottage foodfood law,law, passed in 2012, directs the Department ofof HealthHealth to adoptadopt regulationsregulations toto carrycarry outout thethe requirementsrequirements ofof the cottagecottage foodfood law?law.5 OtherOther statesstates establishestablish theirtheir cottagecottage foodfood rulesrules throughthrough regulationsregulations only.only. Georgia'sGeorgia's recently enacted cottage foodfood regimeregime isis onlyonly foundfound inin regulationsregulations adoptedadopted byby thethe DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture.“Agriculture. 6 Cottage food lawslaws can also be implemented lessless formally,formally, throughthrough an agreement betweenbetween the statestate departmentdepartment ofof agricultureagriculture andand statestate departmentdepartment ofof healthhealth oror throughthrough guidelinesguidelines postedposted onon a a state website.website.’7 It is importantimportant to be awareaware ofof thethe varietyvariety ofof waysways toto createcreate cottagecottage foodfood laws,laws, notnot onlyonly toto illustrate how complicated it can be to locatelocate andand understandunderstand thethe cottagecottage foodfood regimesregimes operatingoperating withinwithin various states, but alsoalso toto showshow cottagecottage foodfood advocatesadvocates thethe variousvarious routesroutes toto creatingcreating oror amendingamending cottage food laws in theirtheir states.8states?

Regulating "Food”Food Establishments"Establishments" States have primary authority over the healthhealth andand FDA Food Code well-beingwell—being of of theirtheir residents; asas part ofof thisthis responsibility,|-espon5;bi|itvJ States states andand localiocai governmentsgovernments The U.S. Food andand Drug AdministrationAdministration FoodFood CodeCode ("FDA Food Code") is a model code and reference establish laws and regulationsregulations that addressaddress thethe l“FDA F°°d c°de”l ls a m°del °°de am reference production of food at "food establishments» document for state andand locallocal governments on food production of food at "food establishments" . . safety laws. The FDA doesdoes notnot require states to within thethe state. States,States, ratherrather thanthan thethe federalfederal adopt the Code but many states have chosen to do adopt the code, but many states have chosen to do government, therefore havehave thethe abilityability toto decidedecide so because théthe code reflectsreflects thethe expertiseexpertise andand whether toto allowallow thethe in-homein-home productionproduction ofof low-low- attention of dozensdozens ofof foodfood safetysafety experts.experti risk foodsfoods thatthat will bebe soldsold withinwithin thethe state, ratherrather |mporta,-my,Importantly, thethe FDAFDA Food codeCode it5e|f1$itself is notnot raw;law; it than requirerequire allall foodfood productionproduction to occuroccur inin aa only becomes bindingbinding whenwhen statesstates adoptadopt it byby certified commercial kitchen.kitchen. statute or regulation,regulation, andand states typically add their own modifications by statute oror regulation.regulation. AA newnew Although statesstates have the powerpower toto regulateregulate foodfood "e'5l°"version of°f thethe FDAFDA FoodF°°d Codec°de was publishedpubllshed everyeve“! two years until 2001 and is now published every production, the the U.S.U.S_ FoodFood andand DrugDrug two years until 2001 and is now published every four years. The latest FDA Food Code was Administration (FDA) hashas published a ModelModel FoodFood four. year?" The latest FDA Food code was published in 2009. Code (FDA Food FoodCode) Code)that thatstates states can adopt thatthat publlshed in 2009' sets outout modelmodel foodfood safetysafety standardsstandards forfor aa ;Dl§Rfi‘;T'D3|’:F*FDA Food Code, '*-'~5-U.S. DEP'TDEV‘ OF°‘HE"““ HEALTH &8‘ HUMAN"'“"""" SERVS.,5E“"5~F°°° FOOD & DRUG ADMIN., number of topics, including food production at number of_tOp'cS’ mcludmg food pfoductlon at http1//www.fcla.gov/Food/FoodSafety/RetailFoodProtechttp://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/RetailFoodRrotec foodf°°d establishments.e5tabl'5hme"t5- ManyMa"V statesStates didd'd not"°t allowall°W tion/FoodCode/default.htm (last(last visitedvisitedlan.16, Jan. 16, 2013).2013). cottage food production in the pastpast becausebecause theythey had adoptedadopted thethe FDAFDA FoodFood Code'sCode‘s provisionsprovisions oar defining and regulating food establishments. The FDAFDA Food Code does not allowallow any processing to take place outside of commercial kitchens, andand thethe result ofof statesstates adoptingadopting thisthis portionportion ofof thethe CodeCode waswas aa ban on cottage foodfood operationsoperations inin thosethose states?states? AsAs discusseddiscussed below,below, inin orderorder toto allowallow cottagecottage foodfood operations in states thatthat havehave adoptedadopted thethe FDAFDA FoodFood CodeCode inin itsits entirety,entirety, thethe statestate mustmust amendamend itsits

5 MD.Mo. CODECoos ANN.,ANN, HEALTHl'lEALTH—GEN.-GEN.§ §21-330.1 21-330.1 (2012). 56 GA. Corviv.COMP.R. R.at &Rees. REES.40-1-19-.01-.10 40-7-19-.01—.10(2012). (2012). 7 ForFor example, information on North Carolina's home-based foodfood processorprocessor regimeregime isis onlyonly foundfound onon thethe DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture's websitewebsite and not in the state codecode oror regulations.regulations. 8 Advocates should keep in mindmind thatthat states cannot passpass regulationsregulations thatthat conflictconflict with statestate legislation,legislation, however,however, therethere maymay bebe room to strengthen regulationsregulations whilewhile stillstill meetingmeeting legislativelegislative intent.intent. ’9 FDA FoooF000Coos CODEzoos 2009§ 1-201.10§ 1-201.10(definition (definitionof offood foodestablishment). establishment).

F-":o<.i Law c‘w if'iinir,. i—;arv1:rc.‘tai.vHarvard Law S.choo>?c.*"-cs-oi 77IPagel 5’ 6 5’ ’ adopted versionversion ofof thethe FDAFDA Food CodeCodeto to allowallowcottage cottage foodfood operations.operations. States that havehave notnot adoptedadopted the FDAFDA FoodFood CodeCode cancan passpass new legislation establishing aa cottagecottage foodfood law.law.

Creating CottageCottage FoodFood Lawslaws The two most common ways that states createcreate cottagecottage foodfood regimesregimes areare byby modifyingmodifying thethe definitiondefinition ofof "food establishment" toto exclude home kitchens or by creatingcreating a separateseparate legallegal structurestructure forfor cottagecottage food production.production. ForFor example,example, MissouriMissouri adopted thethe 19991999 FDAFDA FoodFood Code, which does notnot permitpermit cottage foodfood operations,operations, andand modifiedmodified thethe definitiondefinition ofof "food"food establishment"establishment” toto givegive locallocal governmentsgovernments the authorityauthority toto allowallow cottagecottage foodfood operationsoperations ifif theythey soso choose.choose.mil) Missouri'sMissouri's definitiondefinition of "food"food establishment" nownow exemptsexempts

[w]here local codes allow, individualindividual stands inin whichwhich onlyonly foodsfoods meetingmeeting thethe followingfollowing conditions are sold,sold, sampledsampled oror served:served: (AA)(AA) Non-potentially hazardous processedprocessed foodsfoods ..... (BB). (BB) TheThe sellerseller isis thethe individualindividual actually producing the foodfood oror anan immediateimmediate familyfamily member residingresiding in thethe producer's householdhousehold withwith extensiveextensive knowledgeknowledge about thethe food;food; . . . [and] (DD)(DO)Ail Allprocessed processedpackaged packagedfoods foodsbear beara alabel labelstating stating...... that that thethe productproduct isis prepared inin a kitchenkitchen that isis notnot subjectsubject toto inspectioninspection byby thethe DepartmentDepartment ofof HealthHealth andand Senior Services.“Services."

By contrast,contrast, California's cottagecottage food law has its own subchapter ofof thethe state'sstate's RetailRetail FoodFood CodeCode entitledentitled "Cottage Food OperationsOperations"n1212 and defines cottage foodfood operationsoperations asas

an enterprise that hashas notnot moremore thanthan thethe amountamount inin grossgross annualannual salessales thatthat isis specifiedspecified in thisthis subdivision,is isoperated operated byby aa cottagecottage foodfood operator, and hashas notnot moremore thanthan oneone full-time equivalentequivalent cottagecottage foodfood employee, not includingincluding a familyfamily membermember oror household member of the cottagecottage foodfood operator,operator, withinwithin thethe registeredregistered oror permittedpermitted area of a private home where the cottagecottage foodfood operatoroperator residesresides andand wherewhere thethe cottagecottage food products areare preparedprepared oror packagedpackaged forfor direct,direct, indirect,indirect, oror directdirect andand indirectindirect salessales to consumers pursuant toto thisthis papart.“ 11. 13

Additionally, whilewhilemost most cottagecottage foodfood laws allowallow anyanycitizen citizenof ofthe the statestate to be a cottage foodfood operator,operator, aa few states limitlimit in-homein-home foodfood productionproduction toto farmersfarmers whowho conductconduct on-farmon-farm processing.processing.“14 To illustrate,illustrate, Rhode Island's law allowsallowsfor for“farm "farm homehome foodfood manufacturemanufacture and the salesale ofof productsproducts ofof farmfarm homehome foodfood manufacture at farmers'farmers’ markets,markets, farmstands,farmstands, andand otherother marketsmarkets andand storesstores operatedoperated byby farmersfarmers forfor thethe purpose of the retailretail salesale ofof the productsproducts ofof RhodeRhode IslandIsland farms" provided, in part, that "the"the farmfarm homehome food products [are][are] producedproduced inin aa kitchenkitchen thatthat isis onon thethe premisespremises ofof aa farm.”‘5farm." 15 Although we count RhodeRhode Islandisland asas allowing cottagecottage foodfood operations, the statestate providesprovides anan exampleexample ofof a averyvery restrictiverestrictive cottagecottage food law that should be expanded toto permitpermit anyany citizencitizen to bebe aa cottagecottage foodfood operator.operator.

101° MO.Mo. CoosCODE Rises.REGS. ANN.ANN. tit. 19,1s, §§ 20-1.025(1)(8)(5)2o1.o2s(1)(s)(s) (2012).(2012). 1‘la MO.Mo. CoosCODE Rees.REGS.Arm. ANN.tit. tit. 19, § 20-1.02s(1)(B)(5)20-1.025(1)(8)(5) (2012).(2012). 1’12 CAL.CAL. HEALTHHEALTH && SAFETYsum CODECoos §§ 114365—1143ss.s114365-114365.6 (West(West 2012).2012). 13 CAL. HEALTHHEALTH && SAFETYSAFETY CODECoos §§ 113758 (West 2012). 1°14 Delaware, Kentucky, New Hampshire, and Rhode islandIsland limitlimit in-home processingprocessing to farmers conductingconducting thethe processingprocessing onon thethe farm. DEL. ConsCODEANN. ANN.tit. tit. 3, § 100(2012);100 (2012); KY.KY. Rev.REV. STAT. Ami.ANN. §§ 217.136-.137 (West 2012);2012); N.H.N.H. Rev.REV. STAT.STAT. Ami.ANN. § 143A:12 (2012); R.I.R.l. GEN. LAWSLaws §§ Z1-27-5.121-27-6.1 (2012). 1‘ R.I.RI. em.GEN. LAwsLaws §§ 21-21-6.121-27-6.1 (2012).

FoodLaw Lawand andPolicy PoftyHarvard(_iirni=:, ‘r~Ia.="vart! LawLaw 50HSchimi 8Ini,H=ge| iii ,1; ,

State Regulation of FoodFood EstablishmentsEstablishments State lawslaws (following(following the FDAFDA FoodFood Code)Code)generally generally designatedesignate all locations where foodfood is produced or soldsold forfor paypay asas "food"food establishments."establishments.” OnceOnce aa locationlocation isis consideredconsidered aa "food establishment," it isis subject to aa hosthost ofof rulesrules includingincluding requirementsrequirements suchsuch asas obtaining a rangerange ofof licenseslicenses andand permits,permits, beingbeing subjectsubject toto inspection,inspection, requiringrequiring multi-multi- l compartment sinks,sinks, ensuring floors and walls are made outout ofof specificspecific non-absorbentnon-absorbent materials, and usingusing specific ventilationventilation systems.1systems.' These are just somesome ofof thethe hundredshundreds ‘l of requirements imposedimposed onon suchsuch certifiedcertified kitchens.kitchens. AccordingAccording toto thethe FDAFDA FoodFood Code,Code, home kitchens used for household food preparationpreparation cannotcannot bebe certifiedcertified kitchens,kitchens, soso L anyone wishing to to prepare food for sale mustmust havehave accessaccess toto aa separateseparate certifiedcertified kitchen outside the home.home?2 This also means that nonenone ofof thethe versionsversions ofof thethe FDAFDA FoodFood Code allow forfor commercialcommercial salessales ofof foodsfoods producedproduced in a home kitchen.'kitchen? There are a fewfew importantimportant exceptionsexceptions to thethe definitiondefinition ofof foodfood establishmentestablishment inin thethe FDA Food FoodCode. Code.The Themost most relevantrelevant exception is for charitycharity bakebake salessales andand religiousreligious events. Home kitchens that areare usedused toto produceproduce non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodfood forfor sale at charity bake sales andand religiousreligious events areare excludedexcluded fromfrom thethe definitiondefinition ofof foodfood

establishments, as long as the consumerconsumer isis notified that the foodfood waswas producedproduced inin anan 1 unregulated andand uninspecteduninspected homehome kitchen."'kitchen.‘ ThisThis exceptionexception allowsallows individualsindividuals toto prepare inin aa homehome kitchenkitchen foodsfoods identifiedidentified asas non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous,hazardous, suchsuch asas

\ baked goods, jams, jellies, granola,granola, popcorn,popcorn, coffee,coffee, andand tea,tea, when those foodsfoods areare being sold at a charity bake salesale oror similarsimilar function. l l The fact that thisthis exceptionexception isis inin thethe FDAFDA FoodFood CodeCode is evidence thatthat thethe FDAFDA itselfitself hashas L deemed home productionproduction of foods to bebe safesafe whenwhen thosethose foodsfoods areare notnot "potentially“potentially i hazardous." This exceptionexception provides aa model for applying the samesame logiclogic to salessales ofof non-potentially hazardous foods in other locations,locations, suchsuch asas farmersfarmers markets.markets. Indeed,indeed, many states allowallow for cottagecottage foodfood operationsoperations byby extendingextending thethe exemptionexemption forfor thethe sales of homemadehomemade non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardous food to farmersfarmers markets.markets. ToTo dodo so,so, states simplysimply add the words "farmers“farmers markets"markets" afterafter "charity"charity organization'sorganization's bakebake sale"sale" in thethe languagelanguage adoptedadopted fromfrom thethe FDAFDA FoodFood Code.Codes5

1 See FDA FoooFOOD CODECoos 2009 § 1-103.10 ("This("ThisCode Codeestablishes establishesdefinitions; definitions;sets setsstandards standards forfor management and personnel, food operations,operations, andand equipmentequipment andand facilities;facilities; andand providesprovides forfor foodfood establishmentestablishment planplan review, permit issuance, inspection, employee restriction,restriction, andand permitpermit suspension.");suspension"); §§§§ 8-301-3048301-304 (Permit toto Operate); §§§§ 8-401-4068-401-406 (Inspection(Inspection andand CorrectionCorrection ofof Violations);Violations); § §4-301.124-301.12 (Manual(Manual Warewashing, Sink Compartment Requirements);Requirements); §§§§ 6-101.11,6~101.11, 201.11201.11 (facility(facility materialsmaterials andand design);design); §§ 4-4~ 204.11 (Ventilation HoodHood Systems,Systems, DripDrip Prevention).Prevention). 2 FDAFDA FoooFoOD CODECoos 2009 § 6-202.111. Note that inin some states,states, oneone modificationmodification allowingallowing forfor in-homein-home production merely allows the Health Department toto certifycertify homehome kitchenskitchens forfor productionproduction ofof somesome foodfood I items. 3 FDAFDA FoooF000 CoosCODE 2009 § 1-201.10 (definition of foodfood establishment). 4 FDAFDA FoooF000 CoosCODE 2009 § 1-201.10 (definition of foodfood establishment). 5' Alabama followed this model for their in-home processingprocessing law.law. "In-home“In-home processing"processing" isis another wayway toto describe cottagecottage foodfood production.production. ALA.ALA. Aoivilu.ADMIN. CODECoos r. 420-3-22-.01(4)(a)(11)420-3-22-.01(4)(a)(11) (2012).(2012). l

Foodon i..£iWLaw anc? z¢‘oiir.\,' ffiinic. Fiarvarfi lav-.-" riches!School 99IPagl P 6 » Common Elements Found in Cottage Food LawsLows Analysis of ofthe the fiftyfifty states’states' laws found five mainmain typestypes of restrictions thatthat states havehave usedused inin theirtheir cottage food laws:laws: types of cottage foodfood productsproducts allowed;allowed; limitslimits on where cottagecottage foodfood productsproducts cancan be sold; required registration, licenses,licenses, and/orand/or permits;permits; limitslimits onon totaltotal sales;sales; andand requiredrequired labeling.labeling. lypesTypes of CottageFoodCottage Food Products Allowed For thethe most part, statesstates limitlimit cottagecottage foodfood productionproduction toto foodsfoods thatthat areare "not"not potentiallypotentiaily hazardous."hazardous." Some states provideprovide a detaileddetailed listlist ofof allowedallowed foods, while others simplysimply require the food toto bebe notnot potentially hazardous. For example, in Arkansas,Arkansas,the the law statesstates that cottagecottage foodfood operationsoperations maymay onlyonly produce "non"non potentiallypotentially hazardoushazardous foods,foods, inciudingincluding without limitation:limitation: (A)(A) BakeryBakery products;products; (2) Candy; (C) Fruit butter; (D)(D) Jams;Jams; (E)(E) Jellies;Jellies; andand What is a "Potentially Hazardous"Hazardous" Food? (F) SimilarSimilarproducts productsspecified specifiedin inrules rules adoptedadopted byby The definition of "potentially“potentially hazardous"hazardous” food inin the DepartmentDepartment ofof Health."Health."1516 However,However, thethe the FDAFDA CodeCode isis detaileddetailed and technical,technical, referringreferring Arkansas DepartmentDepartmentof of HealthHealth and thethe to thethe acidityacidity ofof aa givengiven foodfood toto determinedetermine Department ofof AgricultureAgriculture have indicated that theythey whether itit isis consideredconsidered potentiallypotentially hazardous.hazardous. do not plan to addadd anyany newnew foods to thethe listlist inin thethe The focus is on whether aa particularparticular itemitem isis likelylikely near future;future; therefore,therefore, onlyonly thosethose fivefive typestypes ofof to develop bacteriabacteria oror virusesviruses thatthat carrycarry disease.disease. The main question is whether the foodfood supportssupports products are allowedallowed to bebe soldsold asas cottagecottage foodfood “pathogenic"pathogenic microorganism growthgrowth or toxintoxin products.products."° California'sCalifornia's law listslists sixteen foods thatthat formation." Meat, dairy, and shellfishshellfish areare allall are approvedapproved forfor cottagecottage foodfood operationsoperations andand examples of potentiallypotentially hazardoushazardous foods.foods. directs the Department ofof HealthHealth to adopt andand postpost However, less obvious foods suchsuch asas low-sugarlow-sugar to itsits website aa listlist ofof otherother approvedapproved foods.foods.“Th The jams, cooked vegetables,vegetables, andand low-aciditylow-acidity picklespickles sixteen foods thatthat California'sCalifornia's cottagecottage foodfood lawlaw and salsasalsa areare alsoalso consideredconsidered potentiallypotentially allows are: hazardous becausebecause theythey can supportsupport viralviral oror bacterial growth if not properlyproperly stored.stored. InIn effect,effect, - Baked goodsgoods withoutwithout cream, custard, or meat if thethe food has the potentialpotential to causecause harmharm toto fillings, suchsuch as breads,breads, biscuits,biscuits, churros,churros, consumers when when notnot keptkept underunder properproper cookies, pastries, and tortillas.tortilias. temperature andand storagestorage conditions,conditions, thethe foodfood isis -• Candy, suchsuch asas brittle and toffee. considered "potentially“potentially hazardous." -• Chocolate-covered nonperishable foods,foods, suchsuch According toto the 20092009 FDAFDA Code, the followingfollowing as nuts and drieddried fruit.fruit. are consideredconsidered potentiallypotentially hazardoushazardous foods:foods: -• Dried fruit. meat, poultry,poultry, andand eggs;eggs; fishfish andand shellfish;shellfish; -• Dried pasta. cooked vegetables; dairydairy products;products; mushrooms;mushrooms; - Dry baking mixes. cut melons; unmodified cut tomatoes oror mixturesmixtures -• Fruit pies, fruit empanadas, and fruitfruit tamales. of cut tomatoes; untreateduntreated garlic-in-oilgarlic—in-oil mixtures;mixtures; •- Granola, cereals, andand trailtrail mixes.mixes. baked goods subject to spoilagespoilage (such(such asas cream-cream- - Herb blends and dried mole paste. filledfilled pastriespastriesor or others that mustmust bebe -• Honey andand sweet sorghum syrup. refrigerated); reducedreduced sugar jamsjams andand jellies;jellies; pickles andand salsa;salsa; and,and, raw seed sprouts.

% FDAFDA Food CodeCode 2009 § 1-201.10. Nix

18‘E ARK.Ant. cooeAn~. CODE ANN.§ 20-s7—2o1(1) 5 20-57-201(1) (2011).(2012). 1711 ARK.Aux. DEVI'DEP'T OFor HEALTH, COTTAGE COTTAGEFooo FOODGUIDE GUIDE(May (May2012), 2012), httphttp://www.heaIthy.arkansas.gov/programsServices/environmentalHeaith/foodProtection/Documents/CottageFoodGuidelines ://www.hea Ithy.a rkansas.goy/programsServicestenyiron mental Health/food Protection/Docu me nts/Cottage FoodG u ideli nes I .pdf; ARK.ARK. &Eft(DEP’1 OFor HEALTHHEALTH & &ARK.ARK. AGRIG.Asmc. DEP'T,DsP‘T, FARMERS'FARMERS’ MARKETMARKET VENDORVcnooii GUIDE:Gums: A AGUIDEGums FORson FARMERSFARMERS ANDAND CONSUMERSCONSUMERS (May 2012)2012), http://www.h ealthealthy.arkansas.goy/programsSeryicesienyironmentaly.arkansas.gov/programsServir:es/environmental Health/foodHealth/food Protection/Protection/Documents/FarmersMarketGuidel|n Docu ments/Fa rmers Ma rketGuid elin es.pdf. 18 CAL.HEALTH HEALTH& SAFETY& SAFETYCoot CODE§ 1143655 § 114365.5(West (West2012). 2012)

Food Law and PolicyPolicy ClinClinic.ic, Harvardiiarvard LawLaw SchoolSchool 101 hag, •- Jams, jellies, preserves,preserves, and fruit butter thatthat complycomply withwith federalfederal standardsstandards forfor fruitfruit butter.butter.”° -• Nut mixes andand nutnut butters. -• Popcorn. -• Vinegar and mustard. -• Roasted coffee and dried tea. -• Waffle cones andand pizelles.pizelles. 2°

Utah and New Mexico's cottagecottage food laws, on the other hand,hand, onlyonly specifyspecify that cottagecottage foodsfoods cannotcannot bebe potentially hazardous foods (and(and do notnot provideprovide aa listlist ofof allowedallowed cottagecottage foodfood products).products)?‘23 Cottage food operators inin both states, however,however, mustmust havehave thethe foodfood productsproducts theythey wantwant toto produceproduce approvedapproved byby thethe government prior to producingproducing the foodfood forfor sale?'sale.” Mississippi'sMississippi's cottagecottage foodfood lawlaw simplysimply definesdefines cottagecottage food products as those thatthat areare "nonpotentially"nonpotentially hazardoushazardous foodfood products"products" andand instructsinstructs thethe StateState BoardBoard of Health toto provide more details about what fallsfalls under the categorycategory ofof "nonpotentially"nonpotentially hazardoushazardous foodfood products."products/'2323 Wisconsin's in-home processing law,law, sometimes referredreferred toto asas thethe "pickle"pickle bill,"bill," onlyonly allowsallows processed vegetables or fruitsfruits that meetmeet aa certaincertain pHpH value,value, suchsuch asas pickledpickled fruitsfruits andand vegetablesvegetables (but(but not refrigerator pickles),pickles), sauerkraut, salsas,salsas, chutneys,chutneys, jamsjams andand jellies,jellies, andand applesauce.applesauce.“24 Vermont’sVermont's lawlaw is also limited andand only allowsallows bakedbaked goods,goods, oror breads, cakes, pies or other foodfood productsproducts mademade eithereither wholly oror inin partpart fromfrom flour.”flour' s

Figure 2.2. Types ofof Cottage Food Products Allowed

Broad ListList U B-8~“"°"-Pfllflfltiallve.g., "non-potentially Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Delaware, Florida,Florida, Georgia,Georgia, of Allowed !‘“la':°"5hazardous :°°"f-foods, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan,Michigan, Mississippi,Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, including..." or "non- Foods potemiflyll'1C U Ill ... hazardousOf l1OI\' New Hampshire,- NewNew Mexico,Mexico,< NewNew York,York, North Carolina,Carolina,- Foods potentially hazardous Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, foods" generally Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas,Texas, Utah,Utah, Virginia,Virginia, Washington, WyomingWyoming

- Limited ListList 6-ane.g., "non-potentially"mm-llotentiallv Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois,Illinois, Montana, Nevada,Nevada, NewNew Hampshire,Hampshire, of AllowedAuowed hazardous foods, OhjoOhio Foods limited to..." | Foods

Otherother e-it-.e.g., no home canned Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine,Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, (More K°°d5goods made using"WE Oregon, Vermont, WisconsinWisconsin _ _ pressure cooker, Restrictive)Restnctwel primary ingredients must be grown by microprocessor, pickled products only

is19 Note thatthat otherother states,states, suchsuch asas Georgia,Georgia, expresslyexpressly prohibitprohibit fruitfruit buttersbutters fromfrom the thelist oflist approvedof approved cottagecottage foods.foods. GA. COMP.GA. Cow. R.R. &8! RECS.REGS. 40-7-19-.05 40-7-19-.05(2012). (2012).Illinois Illinoisallows allowscertain certainfruit fruitbutters butters(apple, (apple,apricot, apricot,grape, grape,peach, peach, plum,plum,quince, quince, andand prune), but notnot others (pumpkin,(pumpkin, banana,banana, andand pear).pear). 410 410ILL.|LL. COMP.Coivii>. STAT.STAT. 625/4625/4 (2012).(2012). 2° California's cottagecottage foodfood lawlaw passedpassed in 2012.in 2012. CAL. CAL.HEALTHHEALTH && SAFEDISAFFTY CoosCODE§ §1143655 114365.5 (West 2012).2012). 2‘21 N.M. CODECoos R. R.§ §1.s.z.1sic)i2i 7.6.2.16(C)(2) (Weil(Well 2012);2012); UTAHUTAH CODEA~~. ANN.§ §4-5-9.5(1)(a) 4-5-9.5(1)(a) (2012).(2012). 22it N.M. CootCODER. R.§ §r.s.2.1sicii2) 7.6.2.16(C)(2) (Weil 2012);2012); UTAHUTAH AomiN.ADMIN. CoosCODEr. r.10-ssoa 70-560-3 (2012). 23 Act of April 1, 2013, ch. 481, 2013 Miss. Laws Ch.Ch.481 481(S.B. (S.B.2553) 2553)(an (anact actto toexempt exemptcottage cottage foodfood production operationsoperations fromfrom regulation). 242‘ WIS. sm.STAT.ANN. ANN.§ 97.29(2)(b)(2) § 97.29(2)(b)(2)(West (West 2012).2012). zs 2‘ VT. STAT.sun. ANN. tit.at. 1s,18, § 4451 (2012).

F’3<'>¢i l.3\1‘r‘<1i’:Ci i>=.3iit , C in c t sw Y“ 1 \~'"hoc>i 11 I Irago5-‘ a g * Limits onon Where FoodFood CanCan_Be,Sold Be Sold In our analysis, wewe foundfound that somesome statestate cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws limitlimit thethe placesplaces atat whichwhich cottagecottage foodfood products can be sold.sold. NearlyNearly all states restrictrestrict cottagecottage foodfood operationsoperations toto sellingselling directlydirectly toto consumersconsumers and do not permitpermit salessales toto restaurantsrestaurants oror otherother retailretail foodfood establishments.establishments. StatesStates varyvary inin thethe limitslimits theythey impose on sales locationslocations byby restrictingrestricting sales to,to, forfor example,example, farmersfarmers markets,markets, countycounty fairs,fairs, roadsideroadside stands, on thethe producer'sproducer's premises,premises, andand throughthrough communitycommunity supportedsupported agricultureagriculture operationsoperations (CSA).(CSA).

To illustrate, Tennessee'sTennessee's law statesstates that cottagecottage foodfood productsproducts "may"may bebe soldsold atat thatthat person'sperson's personalpersonal residence, a communitycommunity or socialsocial event,event, includingincluding church bazaars and festivals,festivals, flea markets,markets, oror atat farmers‘farmers' marketsmarkets locatedlocated inin thisthis state."state/’2526 By contrast,contrast, California'sCalifornia’s cottage foodfood lawlaw allowsallows broaderbroader salessales than mostmost states.states. InIn California,California, therethere areare twotwo levelslevels ofof cottagecottage foodfood operations,operations, eacheach bearingbearing distinctdistinct regulations on the locationslocations ofof salessales allowed:allowed: ClassClass A cottage foodfood operationsoperations areare authorizedauthorized toto sellsell direct to consumersconsumers only;only; ClassClass B operationsoperations may engage in both directdirect andand indirectindirect sales,sales, meaningmeaning theythey can sell toto restaurantsrestaurants andand otherother retailretail foodfood establishments.establishments.”22 Figure 3.3. Limits onon Where Cottage FoodFood ProductsProducts CanCan BeBe SoldSold

Direct to Consumer Sales OnlyOnly Indirect SalesSales Allowed 1 e.g., restaurants, retail, wholesale Alabama 2 Mississippi Alaska Missouri California Maine Arizona Nebraska 2 1.2 1,2 New Hampshire 2 Arkansas 1'2 Nevada 1'2 Ohio Colorado 2 New Mexico 1,1'22 Ohio Pennsylvania 2 Delaware 2 Oregon 2 Florida 1 Rhode Island 2 Georgia South Carolina Illinois 2 South Dakota No Information/No RequirementRequirement Indiana 2 Tennessee 1,2 Iowa Texas 1' 2 1,21.2 Louisiana Kentucky Vermont 2 Massachusetts Maryland 2 Virginia 2 1,2 New York Michigan 1 Washington 1’ 2 North Carolina Minnesota 2 Minnesota Wisconsin 2 Utah Wyoming 2

I Key: 1 (Internet(internet salessales expressly prohibited);prohibited); 22 (site(site limitation:limitation: e.g.,e.g., farmersfarmers markets,markets, producers'producers’ premises)premises) l

Additionally, a a handfulhandful ofof statesstates expressly prohibitprohibit mailmail orderorder and/or internetInternet salessales ofof cottagecottage foodfood products.“products. 28 ThisThis limitation makesmakes sensesense because of the wayway statestate andand federalfederal lawslaws interact;interact; becausebecause cottage food laws are state-based,state-based, cottagecottage foodfood productsproducts cannotcannot bebe soldsold acrossacross statestate lineslines withoutwithout becoming subject to federal regulations.regulations. CottageCottage food products,products, therefore,therefore, cancan onlyonly bebe soldsold withinwithin thethe state inin whichwhich theythey werewere made.made. AsAs anan exampleexample ofof thisthis kindkind ofof limitation,limitation, Michigan'sMichigan’s cottagecottage foodfood lawlaw

1°26 TENN.Coos CODEANN. ANN.§ 53~8-117(b)(west§ 53-8-117(b) (West 2012). 27 CAL. HEALTHHEALTH& &SAFETY SAFETYCoot CODE§ 113758(a) § 113758(a)(West (West 2012).2012). 2“28 See e.g., FLA. sm.STAT.Arm. ANN. § s00.s0(2)500.80(2) (2012); 902902 Ky.KY.ADM|N. ADMIN. REDS.REGS. §§ 4s:090(2)(12),451090(2)(12), (3)(8)isiis) (2012);(2012);MlCH. MICH. COMP.cow. LawsLaws s§ zs9.4201(4)289.4201(4) (2012); N.M.N.M. CODER.CooE R. 7.6.2.16(C)(4)7.6.2.16(C)(4) (Weil(Weil 2012);2012); TEX.Tex. HEALTHHEALTH & SAFETY& SAFETY CODECoos Ann. ANN.§ §437.0194 437.0194 (Vernon(Vernon 2012);2012); WASH.WASH. REV.REv. CODECoot §§ 69.22.020(4) (2012).(2012).

Food Law and Polar."-1,hcv (Thnc,Ciinic, i~1ar‘wrdHarvard Lay.'i.aw S-c.i*.r;r:=§(2. ■ 12 I| P k ; stipulates that "[c]ottage"[c]ottage foodfood productsproducts maymay bebe soldsold directlydirectly from the cottagecottage foodfood operationoperation toto thethe consumer only, andand not byby Internetinternet oror mailmail order."order?”73 Georgia,Georgia, on thethe otherother hand,hand, explicitlyexplicitly allowsallows internet salessales soso longlong asas thethe salesale isis fromfrom aa producerproducer directlydirectly toto anan endend consumerconsumer locatedlocated inin Georgia.Georgia.”3° Arkansas’ cottage food law itself does not expressly prohibit internet sales, but an Arkansas Department Arkansas' cottage food law itself does not expressly prohibit internet sales, but an Arkansas Department of Health guidance document clearly prohibits the sale of cottage foodfood productsproducts overover thethe internet.internet.”31

RequiredRequiL_ed Registration, Licenses, and/or PermitsPermits States vary widelywidely asasto to whetherwhether or not a cottage foodfood operation mustmust bebe licensedlicensed and/orand/or permitted,permitted, asas well as what requirements mustmust bebe metmet forfor suchsuch authorization.authorization. SomeSome statesstates dodo notnot requirerequire anyany licensinglicensing or permitspermits for cottagecottage foodfood operations.operations. ForFor example,example, Florida,Florida, Maryland,Maryland, andand Michigan,Michigan, expresslyexpressly dodo notnot require licenseslicenses for cottage food operations.operations.”32 Other states,states, suchsuch asas Texas,Texas, makemake nono mentionmention ofof aa licenselicense requirement, whichwhich suggestssuggests thatthat nono licenselicense isis required.required.“33

Figure 4.4. Required Registration, Licenses, and/or PermitsPermits

. — -I \ States that HaveHave NoNo Registration,Registration, Permit,Permit, oror States that HaveHave Some Sort of License Requirement Registration, Permit,Permit, oror LicenseLicense Alabama Nebraska Requirement Arkansas New Hampshire Florida New York Alaska Massachusetts Indiana North Carolina Arizona Nevada Iowa Ohio California New Mexico Louisiana South Carolina Colorado Oregon Maryland South Dakota Delaware Pennsylvania Michigan Texas Georgia Rhode IslandIsland Minnesota Vermont Illinois Tennessee Mississippi Virginia Kentucky Utah Missouri Wisconsin Maine Washington Montana Wyoming

Some states requirerequire specificspecific licenses: for example, Alaska requiresrequires cottage food operators toto obtainobtain aa business license;license?‘34 ColoradoColorado requires a certificatecertificate inin safesafe foodfood handlinghandling andand processing,processing, butbut nono otherother license or permit;permit;3533 WashingtonWashington requiresrequires aa foodfood andand beveragebeverage serviceservice worker'sworker's permit;permit?“36 andand UtahUtah requires a valid food handler'shandler’s permit.permit.”37 OtherOther typestypes ofof permitspermits maymay alsoalso bebe required.required. InIn Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania,

292’ MICH. COMP.cow. LAWStaws §§ 289.4201(4)2s9.42o1(4) (2012).(2012). 3° Georgia's cottage food lawlaw says nothing about internet sales,sales, butbut aa documentdocument onon thethe GeorgiaGeorgia DepartmentDepartment ofof Agriculture'sAgriculture's website, Cottage Foods: Frequently Asked Questions, clearly statesstates that internetinternet salessales areare allowed.allowed. Cottage Foods: Frequently Asked Questions, GA. DEP'TDEi='T OFor AGRIC.,AGRlC., http://agr.georgia.gov/Data/Sites/l/media/ag_consumerprotection/cottage_food/files/cottagefoodsfaq.pdfhttp://agngeorgia.gov/Data/Sites/1/media/ag_consumerprotection/cottage_food/files/cottagefoodsfaqpdf (last visited Jan. 17, 2013). 31 ARK. DEP'rDEVI- OFor HEALTH, COTTAGECoTTAoE FOODFooo GUIDEGuioE 3 (May 2012), http://www.healthy.arkansas.gov/programsServices/environmentalHeaIth/foodProtection/Documents/CottageFoodGuidelineshttp.fiwww.healthy.arkansas.gov/programsServicesienvironmentalHealth/foodProtection/Documents/CottageroodGuidelines .pdf. . 32 FLA.Fm. STAT. ANN.ANN. § 500.80(1)(a)500.80(11(a) (2012); Mo.MD. CODECoos ANN., HEALTHHEALTH—GEN.-GEN. § 21-330.1(b)21-330.1(6) (2012);(2012); MICH.MICH. Comv.COMP. LAWSLAws § 2B9.4102(1)289.4102(1) (2012). ”33 252s TEX.TEx. ADMIN. CODECooE § 22s.ss1(2012).229.661 (2012). HALASKAADMIN.34 Aiaska ADMIN. CODECooE tit. 18,1s, §§ 31.012(a)(4)31.012(a)(4) (2012).(2012). 35 COLO.CoLo. REV.Rev. sm.STAT. ANN.ANN. § 25—4—1614(1)(c)25-4-1614(1)(c) (2012).(2012). 3‘36 WASH. REV.REV. CODECoot § 69.22.0s0(2)69.22.030(2) (2012). 3’" unnUTAH c

?!,;1)(z' Lav.»d v “‘ V s cit. riser:-2r=e;'ti Le‘-.1-i‘fw'~ci'§oi';i 13 I li,avi-‘ rs g for example, "home food processors" must have their kitchenskitchens inspectedinspected asas partpart ofof thethe registrationregistration process to ensure thatthat thethe kitchenkitchen facilitiesfacilities meetmeet thethe applicableapplicable lawslaws andand regulations.'regulations.“s There are oftenoften fees associated withwith licensinglicensing andand permitting: some states havehave lowlow feesfees ($20($20 feefee inin Maine),"Maine),” whilewhile others havehave aa numbernumber ofof differentdifferent feesfees associatedassociated withwith thethe varyingvarying permitspermits required.required. ForFor example,example, inin Washington state, there isis aa $125$125 inspectioninspection fee,fee, aa $75$75 publicpublic healthhealth reviewreview fee,fee, andand a a$30$30 processingprocessing fee.“fee."

Limits on Total Sales About half of thethe states thatthat allowallow cottagecottage foodfood productionproduction placeplace aa limitationlimitation onon thethe amountamount ofof incomeincome a a cottage food operation cancan earnearn andand stillstill qualifyqualify as a cottage foodfood operation.operation. ForFor thethe mostmost part,part, statesstates frame the limitlimit inin terms ofof aa dollardollar amountamount inin salessales perper year.year. TheseThese salessales limitslimits rangerange fromfrom $5,000/year$5,000/year up to $50,000/year. ForFor example,example, TexasTexas limits thethe sale of cottage foodsfoods toto $50,000$50,000 perper year."year.“ Louisiana,Louisiana, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, however,however, capcap annualannual salessales forfor cottagecottage food operations atat onlyonly $5,000/year."$5,000/year.“ Both Michigan andand California provideprovide forfor aa gradual increase inin the annualannual ceilingceiling overover aa periodperiod ofof years.years. In Michigan, untiluntil 2017,2017, cottagecottage foodfood operations areare cappedcapped atat $20,000$20,000 inin sales;sales; afterafter 2017,2017, MichiganMichigan cottage food operators cancan makemake upup toto $25,000.$25,000.“ Inln California,California, cottagecottage foodfood operationsoperations areare limitedlimited toto $35,000 in 2013; $45,000 in 2014;2014; andand $50,000 in 20152015 andand beyond.“beyond."

Colorado setssets a $5,000/year$5,000/year salessafes limitlimit forfor each eligible foodfood item, and a cottagecottage foodfood producerproducer maymay have multiplemultiple eligible foodfood items (each individual flavorflavor ofof iam,jam, each type of cake,cake, andand eacheach typetype ofof cookie represents anan eligibleeligible food item)."item).45 Florida,Florida, on the otherother hand,hand, limitslimits cottagecottage foodfood operationsoperations inin the state toto $15,000$15,000 forfor all products in all locations.locations.”46

A handful ofof statesstates frame their salessales limitslimits in terms otherother thanthan aa dollardollar amountamount perper year.year. ForFor example,example, Tennessee limits cottagecottage food operations to 100100 unitsunits ofof salesale aa week."week.” AA "unit"unit ofof salesale isis thethe formform ofof packaging inin whichwhich thethe product is normally offered for sale to the consumer,"consumer," suchsuch asas oneone loafioaf ofof bread,bread, one dozen cookies,cookies, or oneone containercontainer ofof jelly."jelly.“ SouthSouth CarolinaCarolina doesdoes notnot explicitlyexplicitly placeplace aa limitlimit onon thethe amount of moneymoney a cottagecottage foodfood operationoperation cancan make,make, butbut imposesimposes differentdifferent requirementsrequirements onon thethe operation based onon thethe amountamount ofof moneymoney made.made. ForFor example,example, aa home-basedhome-based foodfood operationoperation thatthat makesmakes less than $500/year$500/year isis exemptexempt fromfrom allall provisionsprovisions regulatingregulating home-based foodfood operations,operations, whereaswhereas aa home-based food operation that makesmakes moremore thanthan $500$500 butbut lessless thanthan $15,000/year$15,000/year maymay applyapply toto thethe Department of Agriculture forfor anan exemption from inspection and label review."review.“ VermontVermont measuresmeasures itsits cottage food sales in termsterms ofof dollardollar perper week;week; aa cottagecottage foodfood operatoroperator inin VermontVermont isis limitedlimited toto $125/week ofof sales (equal(equal toto $6,500/year).$6,500/year).5°5°

3338 Home Food Processing: Description, PA. DEF/TDEP'T OFor AGRIC.,Aamc., http://www.agriculture.state.pa.us/portal/server.ptigateway/PTARGS_O_2_24476_10297_0_43/agwebsite/ProgramDetail.asphttp://www.agriculture.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_24476_1029‘I_0_43/agwebsite/ProgramDetail.asp x?name=Home-Food-Processing&navid=12&parentnavid=0&palid=134& (last(last visitedvisited JulyJuly 25,25, 2013).2013). 3°39 01-001-345014101-345 ME.ME. CODER.Coat R. §§ 8(A)8(A) (2012);(2012); 01001-33001-001-330 ME.Mt. CODER.Coos R. §§ 22 (2012).(2012). ‘°48 WASH.wast). Ra/.c00t REV. CODE§ e9.22.o30(1) § 69.22.030(1)(2012). (2012). ‘141- TEX.Tex. HEALTHHEALTH& &SAFETY SAFETYCoos CODEANN. ANN.§ 437.001(2~bl § 437.001(2-b)(Vernon (Vernon2013). 2013). “’42 LA.us. REV. REV.sm. STAT.Arm. ANN.§ 4;9(a) § 4:9(8)(2012); (2012);MINN. MINN.sm. STAT.§ 28A.15(10(a) § 28A.15(10(a)(2012);w|§. (2012);Ws.sm. STAT.§ s1.29(2)(b)(2)(¢)§ 97.29(2)(6)(2)(c) (2012). 43 MICH.Cow. COMP.Laws lAws§ §289.4102(5) 289.4102(5) (2012).(2012). ““" cxt.CAL. HEALTHHEALTH st& SaranSAFETYCoos CODE§ 113758(a) § 113758(a)(West (West 2012).2012). 45 COLO.C010. Rev. REV.STAT. STAT.§ 25-4-1614(2)le) § 25-4-1614(2)(e) (2012);(2012); Cottage Foods Fact Sheet & Guidance, Co|.o.COLO. DzP’TDEP'T OFor Pua.PUB. HEALTHHenna & & Euv'T,ENVT, http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite/CDPHhttp://www.colorado.govics/Satellite/CDPHE-DEHS/CBON/1251586894464E-DEHS/CBON/1251586894464 (last visited Jan. 18,18, 2013).2013}. “‘46 RA.Fat. STAT.sm. 5 §s00.s0(1) 500.80(1) (2012).(2012). "rm.42 TENN.Comp. COMP.R. R.a. &Rees. REGS.0080-04-11-.03 0080-04-11-.03(2012). (2012). 46““ TENN. Comp. COMP.a.& R.&Rees. REGS.008004-11-.02 0080-04-11-.02 (2012).(2012). ‘Q" s.c.S.C. CODECootANN. ANN.§ §44-1-143(G)—(H) 44-1-143(G)—(H) (2012).(2012). 5°58 VT.vr. sm.STAT.ANN. ANN.tit. tit.1a, 18,§ §4451 4451 (2012).(2012).

FoodFocal Law and Polio; film 4., ?'liiI"',/3l'C: Lem §€'h(‘_>t'>| 14 l ,

Figure 5. Limits on Total Sales

y States withwith SalesSales LimitsLimits $500 to $15,000 to to $25,000$25,000 andand State Other State $15,000 $25,000 above

;i'cai1:~ati»t;aT

Louisiana

"'51 4 i

swag *

1? 7 ‘5 * ~

§l3.T3'iif¢§3*§§»*ii7iT3la , 7.-511: , l.»:1§»,,’lIIii: AA Z‘ 0 13 . :5f_.‘.._;,j‘:;_ ' 5,1; Texas

Vermont.

Washi ngton Wisconsin *4 States withwith Nolilo SalesSales Limitt_.imit i

Alabama Missouri Pennsylvania , Arizona Montana Rhode Islandlsla nd l Arkansas Nebraska South Dakota Georgia New Mexico Utah Indiana New York Virginia Maine North Carolina Maine Wyoming Massachusetts Ohio

I; 1 ‘1/\, 1 t '1; 0 El5r"=(;,cr §'ig=r~/;e;';§ [(321,..5Sifhoci■ 1M0 RequiredReguired LabelingLabeling Almost allall statesstates with cottage foodfood lawslaws havehave labelinglabeling requirements.requirements.“51 Generally, cottagecottage food products are required toto bebe labeledlabeled withwith somesome combinationcombination ofof thethe followingfoilowing information:information: -• Name and address ofof producer; -• Common or usual name of product. •- Ingredients of product inin descending orderorder ofof predominancepredominance byby weight;weight; •- Any foodfood allergens; •- Net weight and volume of food product by standard measuremeasure oror numericalnumerical count;count; •- Date on which thethe food was processed; andand •~ A statementstatement similar to the following: "Made"Made inin aa homehome kitchen thatthat has not been inspectedinspected byby thethe (state]'s(state)'s departmentdepartment ofof healthhealth (or(or agriculture)."agriculture)."

To illustrate, MarylandMarylandrequires requiresthe the namename andand address of the cottagecottage foodfood business;business; thethe namename ofof thethe cottage food product;product; the ingredientsingredients ofof thethe cottagecottage foodfood productproduct inin descendingdescending orderorder ofof thethe amountamount ofof each ingredientingredient by weight; thethe netnet weightweight oror netnet volumevolume ofof thethe cottagecottage foodfood product;product; allergenallergen information as specified by federal labelinglabeling requirements;requirements; ifif anyany nutritionalnutritional claimclaim isis made,made, nutritionalnutritional information as specified by federal labelinglabeling requirements; and thethe followingfollowing statementstatement printedprinted inin 1010 point or larger type in a color that providesprovides aa clearclear contrastcontrast toto thethe backgroundbackground ofof thethe label:label: "Made"Made byby a a cottage food businessbusiness that isis notnot subjectsubject toto Maryland'sMaryland's foodfood safetysafety regulations."regulations."5252 On the otherother hand,hand, Virginia only requiresrequires thethe cottagecottage foodfood labellabel to read:to "NOTread: "NOTFOR RESALE—PROCESSEDFOR RESALE—PROCESSED ANDAND PREPAREDPREPARED WITHOUT STATE INSPECTION"lNSPECTl0N"5353 and LouisianaLouisiana has nono labelinglabeling requirementrequirement atat al1.all.“54

Figure 6. Required Labelinglabeling

States withwith LabelingLabeling Requirements

Alabama Maine Oregon A|a5kaAlaska Maryland Pennsylvania Arizona Massachusetts Rh0dERhode Islandlilafld States with NO Labeling Arkansas Michigan 5°‘-'thSouth Requirements California Minnesota Carolina Cg|g|radQColorado Mississippi South Louisiana De|3w3reDelaware lVllSSOUl'lMissouri Dakota Montana FioridaFlorida Nebraska Tennessee Vermont Georgia Nevada T9755Texas Illinois New Hampshire Utah ("diamIndiana New Mexico VlrglfllaVirginia iowaIowa New York Washington KentugkyKentucky North Carolina WiSCOfl$iI1Wisconsin Ohio Wyoming

51 The only states thatthat do not havehave any sort ofof labelinglabeling requirementrequirement are:are: Louisiana,Louisiana, Montana,Montana, andand Vermont.Vermont. 52 MD.Mo. CODECoos ANN.,Aim, HEALTHl'lEALTH—GEN.-GEN.§ §21-330.1(cl(2l 21-330.1(c)(2) (West 2012). 5’53 VA. CODECoot ANN.ANN. § 3.2-5130(A)(3)3 .2-513(0)(3) (2012). 545‘ LA.at Rev.REV.sm.A~~. STAT. ANN.§ 4o=4.9§ 40:4.9(2012).(2012).

F-andFood Law.a and Poise»; illicit, Mari/.=;='<:i Law 501.3105Sc 15 | iii ;; t Conclusion Allowing for forcottage cottagefood food operationsoperations is anan easy way thatthat states cancan supportsupport thethe developmentdevelopment ofof smallsmall businesses and increaseincrease thethe availabilityavailability ofof locallocal productsproducts withinwithin theirtheir borders.borders. TheThe factfact thatthat forty-twoforty-two states allowallow somesome sortsort ofof in-homein-home processingprocessing ofof non-potentiallynon-potentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods demonstratesdemonstrates thatthat these typestypes ofof operationsoperations areare importantimportant andand valuablevaluable toto thethe citizenscitizens ofof thosethose states.states.

States continue to introduceintroduce newnew cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws oror amendamend theirtheir existingexisting cottagecottage foodfood structures,structures, which means therethere are numerousnumerous opportunitiesopportunities forfor advocatesadvocates toto getget involvedinvolved andand makemake change.change. Inln thethe most recent legislativelegislative session, several states withoutwithout cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws introducedintroduced legislationlegislation toto allowallow cottage food productionproduction inin thethe state.state. ForFor example,example, thethe statestate legislatureslegislatures inin NewNew JerseyJersey andand NevadaNevada bothboth introduced bills thatthat would permit cottage food productionproduction inin thosethose states;states;5555 Nevada's cottagecottage foodfood billbill passed, while NewNew Jersey's diddid not.not.“% Additionally,Additionally, aa fewfew states thatthat alreadyalready allowallow cottagecottage foodfood production have introduced, and inin somesome casescases passed,passed, legislationlegislation thatthat clarifiesclarifies andand strengthensstrengthens theirtheir cottage foodfood laws.laws.

There are a numbernumber ofof waysways states cancan improveimprove theirtheir cottagecottage foodfood laws:laws:

I• First, statesstates should make sure their cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws areare easyeasy toto findfind andand understand.understand. StatesStates dodo not need to gogo soso farfar asas toto introduceintroduce aa newnew law.law. StatesStates shouldshould ensureensure therethere areare clearclear guidanceguidance documents that cottagecottage foodfood producersproducers cancan findfind andand useuse toto startstart theirtheir cottagecottage foodfood operations.operations.

Q• Second, statesstates should expand their cottagecottage foodfood lawslaws toto makemake suresure thatthat allall citizenscitizens (not(not justjust farmers) can participate, and broaden thethe typestypes ofof foodsfoods thatthat cancan bebe soldsold (e.g.,(e.g., notnot justjust picklespickles or baked goods).

iv• Third, statesstates should consider allowing cottage food producersproducers toto sellsell indirectlyindirectly to consumersconsumers atat restaurants andand retailretail establishmentsestablishments (like(like inin California).California).

0• Fourth, states shouldshould eliminateeliminate salessales limitslimits or set higherhigher thresholds.thresholds. AA businessbusiness withwith annualannual salessales of $5,000 (even $25,000) would qualify asas aa hobby or, at best,best, aa veryvery smallsmall business.business. Iflf statesstates want to encourageencourage locallocal economiceconomic development, increasingincreasing the salessales thresholdthreshold forfor cottagecottage foodfood operations isis a necessary stepstep towardtoward accomplishingaccomplishing thatthat goal.goal.

0• Fifth, somesome statesstates place many requirements onon cottagecottage foodfood operations,operations, inin somesome casescases imposingimposing the samesame standardsstandards thatthat otherother foodfood processingprocessing establishmentsestablishments mustmust meet.meet. ForFor example,example, inin addition to limitinglimiting the in-homein-home processingprocessing ofof nonpotentiallynonpotentially hazardoushazardous foodsfoods toto on-farmon-farm kitchens, Rhode Island requires the kitchenkitchen toto be equippedequipped at minimumminimum with either a twotwo (2)(2) compartmentcompartment sinksink or aa dishwasher thatthat reachesreaches oneone hundredhundred fiftyfifty (150)(150) degreesdegrees FahrenheitFahrenheit afterafter thethe final rinserinse and drying cycle andand a one compartmentcompartment sink;sink; ...... [and][and] havehave draindrain boards and food preparation surfacessurfaces thatthat shallshall bebe ofof aa nonabsorbentnonabsorbent corrosioncorrosion

ss5’ 5.6.s.ta. 206, 77th Leg.,Leg., Reg. SE55.Sess. (Nev.(Nev. 2013)2013) ('"l'his("Thisbill billadds addsto tothe the listlistof ofentities entities thatthat are excluded fromfrom thethe definitiondefinition ofof 'food‘food establishment'establishment’ aa cottagecottage foodfood operationoperation that:that: (1)(1) manufacturesmanufactures oror preparesprepares certaincertain foodfood itemsitems forfor sale;sale; (2)(2) meetsmeets certaincertain requirements relatingrelating toto thethe preparation,preparation, labelinglabeling andand salesale ofof thosethose foodfood items;items; andand (3)(3) registersregisters withwith thethe healthhealth authority.authority. ThisThis bill alsoalso prohibitsprohibits aa locallocalgovernment government fromfrom adoptingadopting any ordinanceordinance or other regulationregulation thatthat prohibitsprohibits aa personperson fromfrom preparingpreparing food inin a cottagecottage foodfood operationoperation withinwithin thethe person'sperson's privateprivate home.");l10me."); A.13.A.B. 1761,1761, 215th215th Leg.,Leg., FirstFirst AnnualAnnual Sess.Sess. (N.J.(N.J. 2012).2012). 5655 An Act Relating toto Food Establishments, 20132013 Nev.Nev. LawsLaws Ch.Ch. 152152 (5.0.(S.B. 206).206).

Food ’r r /I uric, iav-:Sc?):1»a€SchoN 17 I1 7‘2 5 e * resistant material such as stainlessstainless steel,steel, formicaforrnica oror otherother chipchip resistant,resistant, nonpitted surface.surface.“57

States such as RhodeRhode Island should ensureensure that thethe regulationsregulations theythey placeplace onon cottagecottage foodfood operations reflectreflect thethe small size and low-risklow-risk naturenature of these operationsoperations andand thatthat thethe requirements areare notnot overlyoverly burdensome.burdensome.

As moremore consumers become interested inin supportingsupporting locallocal food economieseconomies andand moremore producersproducers beginbegin starting their ownown foodfood businesses,businesses, statesstates needneed toto makemake suresure thatthat thosethose locallocal businessesbusinesses cancan survivesurvive andand thrive. Although manymany statesstates have cottage foodfood oror home-basedhome-based foodfood processingprocessing lawslaws onon theirtheir books,books, there areare stillstill aa numbernumber ofof waysways inin which states cancan updateupdate andand improveimprove theirtheir cottagecottage foodfood regimesregimes toto match the growing demand and opportunity forfor cottage foodfood operations.operations.

‘WY Z ~~>~'**—

214)‘) H -an _-3-__. ,__ _

/ \

575’ R.I.R.I. GEN.Gen. LawsLAWS§ 521-22-s.1(1) 21-27-6.1(1) (2013).

Fr,-00'Food Law anand ‘r‘oli:;'y Cliriti. Her M, ' i.a~:-1 S<_‘h<_=t;>€ 1318 | ,"-i 5 , House Committee on Economic Development and Business

And Consumer Protection and Commerce

February 6th, 2015 9:20 am Conference Room 312

Testimony in strong support of HB 1233

I am writing in strong support of House Bill 1233, Senate Bill 379, relating to food issues in Hawaii. As a member of the cottage law working group, I feel this bill adequately takes into account what over 40 states have passed, the concerns of the Hawaii Department of Health, the health and safety of consumers along with the needs of small farmers, entrepreneurs and people across the state of Hawaii concerned with food security issues. We are fortunate to have a year long growing season here in Hawaii with an abundance of amazing food. With an infrastructure in place to safely guide people to preserve and create foods for their community we can begin to address our need to supply our communities with local food. We will open the door for small food based businesses to get a start in the farmers markets and community events. And we can use the rules in place to provide education on safe food handling and preserving techniques for everyone to use.

Sincerely,

Janine Lynne

5271 Kapaka Street

Princeville, HI 96722

808-346-0194 kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Wednesday, February 04, 2015 7:03 AM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: *Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM*

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/4/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing james simpliciano Individual Support No

Comments:

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1 kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Wednesday, February 04, 2015 11:42 PM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/4/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing Michelle Blake Individual Support No

Comments: Due to needs of our community for locally produced foods, I strongly support SB 1233 for the cottage food industry. Properly trained individuals can produce food products safely from their home or farm kitchens. Finding commercial kitchen space is extremely difficult and building a kitchen is even more difficult and prohibitively expensive. We need to reduce barriers to entry for local food producers. Please support this bill. Thank you.

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1 Dear Hawaii State Legislature & Members of the Committee:

My name is Jasmine Silverstein and I am involved in many food related ventures around the East side of the Big Island - from cafes and catering, to gardening and gleaning local produce.

The work I do involves sourcing and processing the abundance of local produce that we have here in Hawaii. Being a Master Food Preserver, I have the skills to transform boxes of ripe fruit into packages of shelf-stable jams, jellies, and preserves, ready for sell. My mother always told me to never waste food, so I do my best to use the grade-b produce that farmers inevitably have, and often throw away. Bruised cabbage may not always look great, but it makes a delicious sauerkraut!

I am blessed with the luxury of a certified kitchen, but for the majority of people in Hawaii, it is difficult and expensive to find one to work out of. The rational behind this bill makes so much sense – the requirements of certification should not necessarily be on the location where food is being made, but on the individual preparing the food. If the person cooking the food is not aware of proper cooking times/temp/etc, a certified kitchen may not help to make their food safe for consumption.

We all know that self-sufficiency is essential to our future prosperity. What will happen when fossil fuels are depleted and the barges stop bringing us 90% of our food? Who will we look to to produce the food we would need as a community? Let’s make this available now, so we are not desperate when the time comes.

I strongly support Bill 1233, because it works in favor of small businesses and individuals like me, making it easier to provide more locally produced & healthier food to our community, growing our self-sufficiency here in Hawaii, and supporting our local economy.

I appreciate The Cottage Food Industry Working Group, the Ulupono Initiative, the Kohala Center, and the Hawaii Department of Health in your efforts to look at solutions in assisting local food production. Thank you for this opportunity to testify.

Mahalo Nui, Jasmine Silverstein

-- Jasmine Silverstein [email protected]

Support for HB1233, Cottage Food Bill

Aloha,

As a small scale farmer on the Hamakua Coast I support HB1233E which would expand and create new categories for homemade food processing for sale to the public. Although I have yet to create a value added product from my farm I would like to see this bill passed so I have more support and opportunities for my farm products.

Respectfully Submitted,

Donna Mitts Clear View Farm PO Box 344 Pa’auilo, HI 96776 kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Thursday, February 05, 2015 11:55 AM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: *Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM*

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/5/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing Sherry Campagna Individual Support No

Comments:

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1 kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Thursday, February 05, 2015 11:50 AM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/5/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing chris kobayashi Individual Support No

Comments: Aloha Chair Kawakami and Vice Chair Kong and members of the committee, I am in STRONG SUPPORT of HB1233 and thank you for considering this bill. This is timely and necessary as we all want to see agriculture grow. I just viewed the GoFarm Hawaii video ( http://www.gofarmhawaii.org/blog/professional-new-video-of-gofarm-hawaii ) and see how it is inspiring and growing new farmers. As things start to come together with agencies and landowners collaborating to make land, water and education available, value added products will be inevitable and new businesses and products will be created contributing to a healthy community and economy. Farming is a way of life. But being able to make some value added products in the home would help boost the income or contribute to sharing or exchange for other goods from others. Being a taro farmer, I especially appreciate poi being on the list as it takes a long time to cook and process. Renting a certified facility for that is just not economical. Besides, poi is very shelf stable. It does not degrade but naturally and perfectly ferments. With required food safety classes and permits, I believe this cottage industry is the start of something really good for all. Mahalo nui for your support!

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1 kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 9:23 AM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: *Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM*

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/6/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing Carl Individual Support No

Comments:

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1 __m____'______"______.__)__u______~____w“_n__”___K_l|u___mw__fi__H__;_Imm_I _I__FmH#____n__I J____“__\____| fifafi_flN__ ___"______h____L_FE ____1____|

E7&1 1__1_H_____ DAVID Y. IGE “_d______|'__d___ VIRGINIA PRESSLER, M.D. GOVERNOR OF HAWAII DIRECTOR OF HEALTH

STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH P. O. Box 3378 Honolulu, HI 96801-3378 [email protected]

Testimony in OPPOSITION to HB1233 RELATING TO FOOD

REP RESENTATIVE DEREK KAWAKAMI , CHAIR HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & BUSINESS Hearing Date: February 6, 2015 Room Number: 312 Time: 9:20 AM

1 Fiscal Implications: This bill has significant fiscal implications that would require resources not provided 2 in the Executive budget

3 Department Testimony: The department opposes this bill as a comprehensive food safety regulation 4 was recently adopted that incorporates the most current science in controlling risk factors known to 5 cause foodborne illness. The measure amends HRS 328 and conflicts with and creates confusion with 6 existing Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR) which currently regulates the food industry. HAR Chapter 50, 7 Food Safety Code already provides the Home-Made food industry the opportunity to produce non- 8 potentially hazardous foods (i.e., cookies, breads, jams, etc.) from their homes for direct sales to 9 consumers. This bill is contrary to HAR Chapter 50 as well as The FDA Model Food Code, which is the 10 national standard for regulating the food industry. The bill introduces the concept of “self-certification,” 11 and requires the department to issue permits but is explicitly prohibited from conducting initial and 12 routine inspections, and limits the frequency of governmental inspections. It also includes unnecessary 13 complexities such as multiple classes of “Cottage Foods” and the implementation of an approval process 14 to add or delete foods for each class of cottage foods. This bill does not address legal and constitutional 15 issues regarding governmental entry and inspection of a person’s domicile and the possible need for 16 search warrants when inspections are refused or interfered with by the operator.

17 Pursuant to legislative resolution SCR 97 (2014), the department has been an integral part of the “Home 18 Made” food industry working group which was tasked to address “Cottage Food Industry” issues and will 19 be making recommendations to this legislature regarding the progress made. The department is willing 20 to amend existing Administrative Rules, as long as it does not increase the possibility of food illness risk- 21 factors known to cause foodborne illness.

22 Thank you for the opportunity to testify.

23 Offered Amendments: None.

kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 8:17 AM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: *Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM*

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/6/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing Chris Manfredi Hawaii Farm Bureau Support Yes

Comments:

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1 kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Thursday, February 05, 2015 3:27 PM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/5/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing Lance Kimura Individual Support No

Comments: Hello, I believe HB 1233 is needed for Hawaii. NOt only does it create entrepreneurial opportunities, but also helps us alleviate our dependence on imported foods. Please pass this bill to ensure our future food security.

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1 kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Thursday, February 05, 2015 4:50 PM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/5/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing Terri Langley Individual Support No

Comments: I strongly support HB1233. I am a certified Hawaii Master Food Preserver, and believe this bill introduces a level of food saftey needed for home production. This bill would allow my business to grow, and be competitive. Being able to process food at home gives me the same rights as larger food producers, while maintaining the high levels of food saftey measures needed within the industry. This bill gives support to small business, who support local agriculture, which encourages our monies to stay in the state, and promoting the local ecomomy.

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1

Anna-Lisa Okoye PO Box 1084 Honokaa, HI 96727 [email protected]

HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & BUSINESS Friday, February 6, 2015 — 9:20 a.m. — Room 312

I Strongly Support HB 1233, Relating to Food

Dear Chair Kawakami, Vice Chair Kong, and Members of the Committee:

My name is Anna-Lisa Okoye, and I reside on Hawai‘i Island. Through my work I encounter many small food business and aspiring food entrepreneurs. I have come to understand firsthand the challenges to launching a food business in Hawai‘i. I strongly support HB 1233 because it will create a pathway to greater economic opportunity for small food businesses in Hawai‘i, while safeguarding consumer health.

Local food businesses are an important part of Hawai‘i’s economy. These businesses provide a market for local produce, offer locally-made alternatives to national brands, create employment opportunities, and hold the potential to keep more dollars circulating within Hawai‘i’s economy.

Under current Hawai‘i Department of Health (HDOH) regulations, food businesses must generally produce food in a kitchen facility that has been certified by the Hawai‘i Department of Health. Certified facilities may not be located within one’s home kitchen, and must contain certain commercial kitchen equipment, such as a three compartment sink and a separate hand washing sink.

For many food entrepreneurs, the cost of building or leasing a certified kitchen is a considerable barrier to entry. Building a commercial kitchen requires a significant amount of capital to purchase land, a building, and equipment. It is well established that many new and small businesses have difficulty accessing capital such as business loans. Leasing commercial kitchen space presents challenges as well. There are few community kitchens in Hawai‘i, and the hourly, administrative, and storage fees charged by these facilities can be cost prohibitive for many small food businesses.

Current HDOH regulations allow limited sales of some foods produced in a home kitchen. Under the temporary food establishment (TFE) permit, homemade food producers may sell their products at a specific location, such as a farmers market or bake sale, for a maximum of 20 days of sale in any 120-day window at that location. The TFE permit allows direct sales to consumers only and prohibits sales to retailers, such as cafes, restaurants and hotels.

These limitations apply even to food businesses producing non-potentially hazardous foods, which are considered low risk foods that do not require time/temperature control for safety to limit pathogenic microorganism growth or toxin formation. Examples of non-potentially hazardous foods include baked goods, jams, jellies, dried fruits, dried spices, and dried tea leaves.

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HDOH’s outright ban on indirect sales to retailers and arbitrary sales limitation (20 days within a 120 day period) with respect to non-potentially hazardous foods are overly broad, place undue restrictions on commercial activity, and do not consider more effective ways of ensuring that home-based food business are preparing safe foods, such as requiring food safety training, conducting inspections, and requiring product testing.

In addition, HDOH’s outright ban on the sale of homemade acidified foods does not consider that these foods may be safely produced at home under certain circumstances. North Carolina and Pennsylvania have excellent systems for the sale of homemade acidified foods that combine training, inspections and product testing. These states have not encountered any instances of foodborne illness caused by acidified foods made by a registered homemade food producer.

The proposed legislation offers a new legal framework for home-based food businesses – one that protects consumer health while allowing new businesses an opportunity to grow to the point of being able to afford a certified kitchen and evolve into an established commercial food business. This new framework is consistent with the approach taken in many states, including California, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Utah.

Hawai‘i is part of the global economy, but also needs to develop a strong economy at home. Our laws should not be overly broad and stifle activities with a low risk of harm. We can achieve a legal framework that both protects consumer health and allows the development of a cottage food industry. The proposed legislation achieves this balance by requiring training, inspections, and product testing.

I appreciate the Committee’s willingness to consider this new legislation and the opportunity to present my testimony.

Respectfully,

Anna-Lisa Okoye

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kong2 - Brenden

From: [email protected] Sent: Thursday, February 05, 2015 9:18 PM To: edbtestimony Cc: [email protected] Subject: *Submitted testimony for HB1233 on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM*

HB1233 Submitted on: 2/5/2015 Testimony for EDB on Feb 6, 2015 09:20AM in Conference Room 312

Submitted By Organization Testifier Position Present at Hearing Crystal Kia Paul Individual Support No

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