Textual Variation: Theological and Social Motivation
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Early Pyrrhonism As a Sect of Buddhism? a Case Study in the Methodology of Comparative Philosophy
Comparative Philosophy Volume 9, No. 2 (2018): 1-40 Open Access / ISSN 2151-6014 www.comparativephilosophy.org EARLY PYRRHONISM AS A SECT OF BUDDHISM? A CASE STUDY IN THE METHODOLOGY OF COMPARATIVE PHILOSOPHY MONTE RANSOME JOHNSON & BRETT SHULTS ABSTRACT: We offer a sceptical examination of a thesis recently advanced in a monograph published by Princeton University Press entitled Greek Buddha: Pyrrho’s Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia. In this dense and probing work, Christopher I. Beckwith, a professor of Central Eurasian studies at Indiana University, Bloomington, argues that Pyrrho of Elis adopted a form of early Buddhism during his years in Bactria and Gandhāra, and that early Pyrrhonism must be understood as a sect of early Buddhism. In making his case Beckwith claims that virtually all scholars of Greek, Indian, and Chinese philosophy have been operating under flawed assumptions and with flawed methodologies, and so have failed to notice obvious and undeniable correspondences between the philosophical views of the Buddha and of Pyrrho. In this study we take Beckwith’s proposal and challenge seriously, and we examine his textual basis and techniques of translation, his methods of examining passages, his construal of problems and his reconstruction of arguments. We find that his presuppositions are contentious and doubtful, his own methods are extremely flawed, and that he draws unreasonable conclusions. Although the result of our study is almost entirely negative, we think it illustrates some important general points about the methodology of comparative philosophy. Keywords: adiaphora, anātman, anattā, ataraxia, Buddha, Buddhism, Democritus, Pāli, Pyrrho, Pyrrhonism, Scepticism, trilakṣaṇa 1. INTRODUCTION One of the most ambitious recent works devoted to comparative philosophy is Christopher Beckwith’s monograph Greek Buddha: Pyrrho’s Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia (2015). -
Text-Critical and Hermeneutical Studies in the Septuagint Supplements to Vetus Testamentum
Text-Critical and Hermeneutical Studies in the Septuagint Supplements to Vetus Testamentum Editor in Chief Christl M. Maier Editorial Board r.p. gordon – j. joosten – g.n. knoppers – a. van der kooij – a. lemaire – s.l. mckenzie – c.a. newsom – h. spieckermann – j. trebolle barrera – n. wazana – s.d. weeks – h.g.m. williamson VOLUME 157 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vts Text-Critical and Hermeneutical Studies in the Septuagint Edited by Johann Cook Hermann-Josef Stipp LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Text-critical and hermeneutical studies in the Septuagint / edited by Johann Cook, Hermann- Josef Stipp. p. cm. — (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum v. 157) Text-critical and Hermeneutical Studies in the Septuagint is the title of a bilateral research project conducted from 2009 to 2011 by scholars from the universities of Munich (Germany) and Stellenbosch (South Africa). The joint research enterprise was rounded off by a conference that took place from 31st of August–2nd of September 2011 in Stellenbosch. It was held in cooperation with the Association for the Study of the Septuagint in South Africa (LXXSA). Scholars from Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium, France, Canada and the USA, as well as South Africa, delivered papers focusing on the history of the LXX; translation technique and text history; textual criticism, and the reception of the Septuagint. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-24078-0 (hardback : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-90-04-24173-2 (e-book : alk. paper) 1. Bible. O.T. Greek—Versions—Septuagint—Congresses. -
Jewish Identity and Hellenism in the Fragmentary Jewish Writings in Greek
JEWISH IDENTITY AND HELLENISM IN THE FRAGMENTARY JEWISH WRITINGS IN GREEK Lester L. Grabbe Carl Holladay’s main scholarly achievement—in my eyes, at least—is his magnifi cent edition of the Fragmentary Jewish Writings in Greek. Of the many Jewish writings from the Second Temple Period, this collection is certainly one of the most neglected. It is therefore with considerable pleasure that I dedicate to Carl this essay making use of these writings. One of the questions that seems to have been debated endlessly is how the Jews saw themselves under Greek rule. One might wonder why this should be—surely the question of identity would have been asked when the rulers were Persian or Babylonian or Assyrian. But the oft-unstated assumption seems to be that Greek rule was somehow different from any that had preceded it. Given this assumption, the question of Hellenism must also be included in any discussion of Jewish identity of this period. In the present study I shall consider both these questions—of (1) Jewish identity and (2) the Jews and Hellenism—in the Fragmentary Jewish Writings in Greek, with particular attention to Demetrius, Artapanus, Ezekiel the Tragedian, Eupolemus, and Aristobulus. (In the discussion that follows, the text of the writers comes mainly from Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica, but also Clement of Alexandria, Stromata.) Demetrius As probably the earliest writing of this collection, perhaps in the late third century bce (since he calculates his chronology to the reign of Ptolemy IV: Clement of Alexandria, Strom. 1.21.141.1–2), Demetrius is of particular interest.1 Most of his work—as far as the extant remains allow us to determine it—seems to have been an attempt to sort out 1 Carl R. -
Text of the Gospel of Mark: Lake Revisited
BABELAO 3 (2014), p. 145-169 + Appendix, p. 171-289 © ABELAO (Belgium) The « Caesarean » Text of the Gospel of Mark: Lake Revisited By Didier Lafleur IRHT - Paris n the field of history and practice of New Testament textual criticism, two major stages were initiated during the last cen- tury by Kirsopp Lake. The first of these was the publication, Iin 19 02, of a survey concerning Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies, in the Texts and Studies series (7:3). The second stage was the pub- lication, in 1928, with Robert P. Blake and Silva New, of « The Caesarean Text of the Gospel of Mark » in the Harvard Theological Review (21:4). For the first time, the authors emphasized the exist- ence of such text on the basis of three major pieces of evidence: the Greek manuscripts, the patristic witnesses and the Oriental versions. Since then, the question of the « Caesarean » text-type has been a very disputed matter. It still remains an important tex- tual issue.1 1 This paper was first presented during the Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting 2012, Chicago, November 18. 146 D. LAFLEUR Our plan is not to discuss here about the « Caesarean » text and its subsequent developments, but to mainly focus the genesis of Lake’s publication. The survey of his preliminary works will help us to better consider, after a short account of Lake’s biobibliography, the way he followed until the 1928 « Caesarean Text of the Gospel of Mark » and which methodology he used. We will then emphasize one of the three pieces of evidence quot- ed by the authors, the evidence of the Greek manuscripts as de- scribed in their tables of variants. -
Greg Goswell, “Early Readers of the Gospels: the KEPHALAIA and TITLOI of Codex Alexandrinus”
[JGRChJ 6 (2009) 134-74] EARLY READERS OF THE GOSPELS: THE KEPHALAIA AND TITLOI OF CODEX ALEXANDRINUS Greg Goswell Presbyterian Theological College, Melbourne, Australia For the New Testament, the oldest system of capitulation (division into chapters) known to us is that preserved in Codex Vaticanus (B 03) of the fourth century.1 I will use the notation V1, V2 etc. to refer to chapters of Vaticanus. Even a cursory examination of Vaticanus is enough to reveal that the divisions represent an evaluation of what are the sense units of the biblical passages. Each successive chapter in the Gospels is numbered using Greek letters written in red ink to the left of the columns. Capitulation is further indicated by a space of (usually) two letters at the close of the preceding chapter, a short horizontal line (paragraphos) above the first letter of the first whole line of the new chapter marking the close of the preceding paragraph, and sometimes by a letter protruding into the left margin (ekthesis).2 The system of 1. H.K. McArthur, ‘The Earliest Divisions of the Gospels’, in Studia Evangelica, III. 2 (ed. F.L. Cross; Texte und Untersuchungen, 88; Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1964), pp. 266-72. After rejecting three other possible explanations, McAr- thur suggests that the divisions were used for citation purposes, especially in aca- demic circles. For alternate systems of chapter division in Greek versions of the Old Testament, see Robert Devreesse, Introduction à l’étude des manuscrits grecs (Paris: Klincksieck, 1954), pp. 139-41. The major divisions in Vaticanus are called chapters, while those in Alexandrinus, which are the basis of the standard divisions used in Nestle-Aland (Novum Testamentum Graece [27th Edition] = NTG27) are called kephalaia. -
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Greek Manuscript Collection of Lambeth Palace Library
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Greek Manuscript Collection of Lambeth Palace Library Christopher Wright, Maria Argyrou and Charalambos Dendrinos Lambeth Palace Library Hellenic Institute Royal Holloway, University of London February 2016 Contents TABLEOFCONTENTS Preface by His Grace Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury ::::::::::::::::::::::: 4 Preface by Mr Anastasios P. Leventis, the A. G. Leventis Foundation ::::::::::::::::: 5 Cataloguing the Greek Manuscripts of Lambeth Palace Library :::::::::::::::::::::: 7 Lambeth Palace Library: a brief history ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 Constantinople and Canterbury: contact and collaboration ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 13 Provenance and Sub-Collections ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 Notable features of manuscripts in the collection ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 30 List of Abbreviations:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::36 Technical notes and feedback:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::39 Editorial Conventions :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 40 Glossary of Terms Used :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 41 MS. 461 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 45 MS. 1194 :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 260 MS. 528 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 52 MS. 1195 :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 269 MS. 528 B :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 59 MS. 1196 :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 280 MS. 802 (a–b) ::::::::::::::::::::::: 63 MS. 1197 :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 298 MS. 1175 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -
A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. by Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. Author: Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener Release Date: June 28, 2011 [Ebook 36549] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PLAIN INTRODUCTION TO THE CRITICISM OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, VOL. II.*** A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament For the Use of Biblical Students By The Late Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. Prebendary of Exeter, Vicar of Hendon Fourth Edition, Edited by The Rev. Edward Miller, M.A. Formerly Fellow and Tutor of New College, Oxford Vol. II. George Bell & Sons, York Street, Covent Garden London, New York, and Cambridge 1894 Contents Chapter I. Ancient Versions. .3 Chapter II. Syriac Versions. .8 Chapter III. The Latin Versions. 53 Chapter IV. Egyptian Or Coptic Versions. 124 Chapter V. The Other Versions Of The New Testament. 192 Chapter VI. On The Citations From The Greek New Tes- tament Or Its Versions Made By Early Ecclesiastical Writers, Especially By The Christian Fathers. 218 Chapter VII. Printed Editions and Critical Editions. 231 Chapter VIII. Internal Evidence. 314 Chapter IX. History Of The Text. -
Fonts for Latin Paleography
FONTS FOR LATIN PALEOGRAPHY Capitalis elegans, capitalis rustica, uncialis, semiuncialis, antiqua cursiva romana, merovingia, insularis majuscula, insularis minuscula, visigothica, beneventana, carolina minuscula, gothica rotunda, gothica textura prescissa, gothica textura quadrata, gothica cursiva, gothica bastarda, humanistica. User's manual 5th edition 2 January 2017 Juan-José Marcos [email protected] Professor of Classics. Plasencia. (Cáceres). Spain. Designer of fonts for ancient scripts and linguistics ALPHABETUM Unicode font http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphabet.html PALEOGRAPHIC fonts http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/palefont.html TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Page Table of contents 2 Introduction 3 Epigraphy and Paleography 3 The Roman majuscule book-hand 4 Square Capitals ( capitalis elegans ) 5 Rustic Capitals ( capitalis rustica ) 8 Uncial script ( uncialis ) 10 Old Roman cursive ( antiqua cursiva romana ) 13 New Roman cursive ( nova cursiva romana ) 16 Half-uncial or Semi-uncial (semiuncialis ) 19 Post-Roman scripts or national hands 22 Germanic script ( scriptura germanica ) 23 Merovingian minuscule ( merovingia , luxoviensis minuscula ) 24 Visigothic minuscule ( visigothica ) 27 Lombardic and Beneventan scripts ( beneventana ) 30 Insular scripts 33 Insular Half-uncial or Insular majuscule ( insularis majuscula ) 33 Insular minuscule or pointed hand ( insularis minuscula ) 38 Caroline minuscule ( carolingia minuscula ) 45 Gothic script ( gothica prescissa , quadrata , rotunda , cursiva , bastarda ) 51 Humanist writing ( humanistica antiqua ) 77 Epilogue 80 Bibliography and resources in the internet 81 Price of the paleographic set of fonts 82 Paleographic fonts for Latin script 2 Juan-José Marcos: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The following pages will give you short descriptions and visual examples of Latin lettering which can be imitated through my package of "Paleographic fonts", closely based on historical models, and specifically designed to reproduce digitally the main Latin handwritings used from the 3 rd to the 15 th century. -
Ephesians Harold W
CORNERSTONE BIBLICAL COMMENTARY General Editor Philip W. Comfort D. Litt. et Phil., University of South Africa; Tyndale House Publishers; Coastal Carolina University. Consulting Editor, Old Testament Tremper Longman III PhD, Yale University; Robert H. Gundry Professor of Biblical Studies, Westmont College. Consulting Editor, New Testament Grant Osborne PhD, University of Aberdeen; Professor of New Testament, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. Associate Editors Jason Driesbach MA, Biblical Exegesis and Linguistics, Dallas Theological Seminary; Tyndale House Publishers. Mark R. Norton MA, Theological Studies, Wheaton Graduate School; Tyndale House Publishers. James A. Swanson MSM, Multnomah Biblical Seminary; MTh, University of South Africa; Tyndale House Publishers. CORNERSTONE BIBLICAL COMMENTARY Ephesians Harold W. Hoehner Philippians, 1 & 2 Thessalonians Philip W. Comfort Colossians, Philemon Peter H. Davids GENERAL EDITOR Philip W. Comfort featuring the text of the NEW LIVING TRANSLATION TYNDALE HOUSE PUBLISHERS, INC. CAROL STREAM, ILLINOIS Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, Volume 16 Visit Tyndale’s exciting Web site at www.tyndale.com Ephesians copyright © 2008 by Harold W. Hoehner. All rights reserved. Philippians and 1 & 2 Thessalonians copyright © 2008 by Philip W. Comfort. All rights reserved. Colossians and Philemon copyright © 2008 by Peter H. Davids. All rights reserved. Designed by Luke Daab and Timothy R. Botts. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers. Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved. TYNDALE, New Living Translation, NLT, Tyndale’s quill logo, and the New Living Translation logo are registered trademarks of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. -
Kilpatrick' Greek New Testament Edition of 1958
Early Readers, Scholars and Editors of the New Testament Texts and Studies 11 Series Editor H. A. G. Houghton Editorial Board Jeff W. Childers Christina M. Kreinecker Alison G. Salvesen Peter J. Williams Text and Studies is a series of monographs devoted to the study of Biblical and Patristic texts. Maintaining the highest scholarly standards, the series includes critical editions, studies of primary sources, and analyses of textual traditions. Early Readers, Scholars and Editors of the New Testament Papers from the Eighth Birmingham Colloquium on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament Edited by H. A. G. Houghton 2014 Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2014 by Gorgias Press LLC All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. 2014 ܚ ISBN 978-1-4632-0411-2 ISSN 1935-6927 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Birmingham Colloquium on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament (8th : 2013 : University of Birmingham) Early readers, scholars, and editors of the New Testament : papers from the Eighth Birmingham Colloquium on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament / edited by H.A.G. Houghton. pages cm. -- (Texts and studies, ISSN 1935-6927 ; 11) Proceedings of the Eighth Birmingham Colloquium on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament, held in the Orchard Learning Resource Centre at the University of Birmingham, March 4-6, 2013. -
A New Descriptive Inventory of Bentley's Unfinished New Testament Project
TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 25 (2020): 111–128 A New Descriptive Inventory of Bentley’s Unfinished New Testament Project* An-Ting Yi, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Jan Krans, Protestantse Theologische Universiteit, Amsterdam Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam One of Eldon J. Epp’s areas of expertise is the scholarly history of New Testament textual criticism. He offers an excellent overview of its different stages, including Bentley’s un- finished New Testament project. Yet, many aspects can be refined by studying the -ma terials left by Bentley, preserved at Wren Library of Trinity College (TCL), Cambridge. This contribution offers an up-to-date descriptive inventory of all the remaining archive entries, containing bibliographical information, precise descriptions, relevant second- ary literature, and parts of the reception history. 1. Introduction1 One of Eldon J. Epp’s lifelong interests is the history of New Testament textual scholarship. No- tably his two articles in The New Cambridge History of the Bible not only distinguish periods for the history of the printed Greek New Testament text, but they also become a standard reference for those who want to delve into this issue.2 In these contributions he draws an encompassing picture of the historical developments of text-critical methods of the New Testament, begin- ning from Erasmus until the present day. A key figure contributing to these developments is the renowned eighteenth-century Cambridge classical scholar Richard Bentley (1662–1742). In fact, Epp already mentioned Bentley’s name and his famous Proposals for Printing of 1720 in a 1976 article when tracing the history of the “critical canons” of the New Testament text.3 Since * Our thanks first go to the staff of Wren Library of Trinity College, who generously helped us during our stay in Cambridge, November 2018. -
Biblical Criticism Terms Defined
SOME BASIC TEXTUAL CRITICISM TERMS DEFINED copyright © 2006/2013 Mr. Gary S. Dykes Despite Epp's observations (in 1974) that TC (Textual Criticism) and interest in it, was on the decline in America, we are seeing an increase in the popularity of the subject. I am of course, referring to the science of Biblical Textual Criticism. In light of the apparent renewed interest amongst the younger scholars, students, and the laity, I find it advantageous to make certain our corporate understanding of some of the basic terms related to the study. Most of the terms below were chosen because they are often misused. For obvious reasons scholars need to precisely and accurately communicate, we need to adhere to a clear standard! Thus I present these basic definitions of a few IMPORTANT terms. The definitions are related specifically to the task of BIBLICAL TC, they are the typical general definitions, a few are enhanced via my personal research. Some other fields of research may modify these definitions. The terms are listed and defined below in this alphabetical order: ARCHETYPE ATRAMENTUM BOOKHANDS and Other Styles CATENAE CLADISTICS CLAREMONT PROFILE METHOD COLOPHON CORONIS CURSIVE DAUGHTER and SISTER DIPLE DOCUMENTARY TEXTS ECLECTIC EKTHESIS (and Eisthesis) EMENDATION/CONJECTURE ENCAUSTUM EXEMPLAR FAMILY GLOSS GOLD INK (and Others) GOLD LEAF HISTORIATED INTERPOLATION KOLLEMATA LEMMA LIGATURE MAAS'S LAW MAQUETTES MISTERY MENOLOGION/SYNAXARION OBELUS QUIRE READING or RENDERING ERRORS RECENSION RECTO and VERSO SCHOLIA SIZING STEMMA TEXT TEXTUAL CRITICISM TEXT-TYPE TRIBE or CLAN UNCIAL Ur-TEXT VERSION WESTERN NON-INTERPOLATIONS ZOOMORPHIC ARCHETYPE Perhaps overused, an "archetype" is the original form of a group of descendants, sometimes seen as the "chief" MS to which other MSS are related or based upon.