TECHNOLOGY MASTER PLAN PROJECT MEETING Information Gathering
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Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks
applied sciences Review Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks Nima Afraz * , Frank Slyne , Harleen Gill and Marco Ruffini * CONNECT Centre, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (H.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.A.); marco.ruffi[email protected] (M.R.) Received: 3 October 2019; Accepted: 18 October 2019; Published: 28 October 2019 Abstract: This paper details the evolution of access network sharing models from legacy DSL to the most recent fibre-based technology and the main challenges faced from technical and business perspectives. We first give an overview of existing access sharing models, that span physical local loop unbundling and virtual unbundled local access. We then describe different types of optical access technologies and highlight how they support network sharing. Next, we examine how the concept of SDN and network virtualization has been pivotal in enabling the idea of “true multi-tenancy”, through the use of programmability, flexible architecture and resource isolation. We give examples of recent developments of cloud central office and OLT virtualization. Finally, we provide an insight into the role that novel business models, such as blockchain and smart contract technology, could play in 5G networks. We discuss how these might evolve, to provide flexibility and dynamic operations that are needed in the data and control planes. Keywords: access networks; network sharing; 5G networks; multi tenancy; optical access; sharing economics 1. Introduction By its nature, a telecommunications network is a shared resource that interconnects multiple nodes. Network sharing is part of a fundamental principle of statistical multiplexing of link capacity. -
Migration from Copper to Fiber Access Network Using Passive Optical Network for Green and Dry Field Areas of Pakistan
International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 Migration from Copper to Fiber Access Network using Passive Optical Network for Green and Dry Field Areas of Pakistan Umar Farooq, Sajid Bashir, Tauseef Tasneem, A.Saboor, A.Rauf ABSTRACT—Passive Optical Networks (PON) technology for betterment of humanity [1], [4]-[5], [6]-[9].Broadband is brings an evolution in the industry of Telecommunication for the now regarded as essential to a country’s infrastructure, to provisioning of High Speed Internet (HSI) and Triple Play business and overall competitiveness and is gradually bundled Services that includes Voice, Data, and Video Streaming throughout the world. In Pakistan most of the service providers moving closer to being widely recognized as a human right are offering broadband services on traditional copper OSP [10]. (Outside Plant) network since 2000. Demand for the high speed Key focus of the new era content providers is to digitize internet and broadband is increasing rapidly, it is desired with the services and to create the rich online experience. There great need to migrate from traditional copper based OSP network are numerous technologies available in the world with to PON – FTTx (Fiber To The x) infrastructure. Considering the service providers who are competing fast rigorously to geographical requirements in Pakistan a scalable fiber network is required which can be optimized as per the user’s requirements provide high speed internet and multimedia broadband and demands with high speed bandwidth efficiency, involving the services with quality installations. minimum losses and with ideal capital expenditure (CAPEX). -
Radio Signal Path Loss Model
Research in Modern Biological And Agricultural Technologies Ning Wang Dept. of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma Oklahoma State University www.biosystems.okstate.edu Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Current Research Projects • Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications – Precision agriculture – Environmental monitoring – Study on critical issues on WSN applications Oklahoma State University www.biosystems.okstate.edu Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Research on WSN First generation of WSN (2007-2008) •Soil Moisture monitoring •Tmote system Second generation of WSN (2008-2010) •Soil property monitoring (Soil MC, EC, Temp) •Crossbow system Wireless camera sensor network (2008-2013) •Pecan weevil population monitoring •Janic system Radio propagation model for WSN used in crop field (2009-2013) •Second generation WSN •Wheat field •Corn Field Cattle monitoring (2005-2013) •Grazing activity Oklahoma State University www.biosystems.okstate.edu Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering First Generation Soil Moisture Monitoring System Structure: Star-topology with 10 Sensor Nodes, one Central Node and one Base Node Oklahoma State University www.biosystems.okstate.edu Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Second Generation The WSN Conceptual Model Oklahoma State University www.biosystems.okstate.edu Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Second Generation Field Installation Sensor Node Components Oklahoma State -
Learning Guide –13
INSTALLATION CONSTRUCTION WORKS Level - I Learning Guide –13 Unit of Competence Perform Roughing-In Activities for Communication and Distribution Systems Module Title Performing Roughing-In Activities for Communication and Distribution Systems LG Code: CON ICW1 M13 LO1-LG-13 TTLM Code: CON ICW1 TTLM 05 19v1 LO No 1:- Install electrical metallic conduit Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #- This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content coverage and topics – Interpreting electrical drawings .Determining correct quantities of metallic conduit and accessories Selecting tools and equipment Inserting and tightening conduit Bending conduit Installing conduit couplings and elbows Conduit threading cutting required conduit length Following Safety procedures This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page. Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to – o Interpret electrical drawings o .Determine correct quantities of metallic conduit and accessories o Select tools and equipment o Insert and tightening conduit o Bend conduit o Install conduit couplings and elbows o Thread conduit o Cut required conduit length o Follow Safety procedures Learning Instructions: 1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide. 2. Follow the instructions described in number 3 to 20. 3. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 1”. Try to understand what are being discussed. Ask your teacher for assistance if you have hard time understanding them. 4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1” in page -. 5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your teacher to correct your work. -
Telecom Basics
Basic Concepts of Telecommunication [Part 1] Prepared By : Tilak De Silva - Expert Assisted By : Chandima Ranasinghe 25.11.2005 Telecom Basics 1. What is a telephone Access Network? The network used to connect the telephone-to-telephone exchange. 2. What is Wired and Wireless? The connection between telephone and exchange can be two copper wires or radio wave. If copper wires are used it is called wired connection. It is required two wires to connect the telephone and exchange. It is called a local loop. This connection also can be provided by a radio wave. It is called a Wireless Local Loop (WLL). 3. What is a fixed telephone? If the telephone is not moved from its position it is called a fixed telephone. 4. Who are the fixed line operators in Sri Lanka? Sri Lanka Telecom Suntel Bell - 1 - SLT provides both wired and wireless local loops. Suntel and Bell provides wireless local loops only, therefore they are called WLL operators. 5. Show the path of wired connection 6. What are the devices/Stages involved to a wired connection? Telephone exchange MDF Cabinet DP Telephone 7. What is the function of telephone exchange? When a telephone dials a number it is received by the telephone exchange and analyses the number and connect to the relevant telephone via the remote exchange. For the calls received from the remote exchange the originated telephone exchange checks whether the relevant telephone is free or busy. If the telephone is busy the busy tone is sent to the other exchange. If the telephone is not busy the ring back tone is sent to the other exchange. -
The Truth About Wireless Broadband: the Myths and Challenges of Wireless Technology in Rural America
The TruTh abouT Wireless broadband: The MyThs and Challenges of Wireless TeChnology in rural AmeriCa Rural Telecom Educational Series The TruTh abouT Wireless broadband: The MyThs and Challenges of Wireless TeChnology in rural AmeriCa execuTive summary Today’s wireless networks would not work without a fiber or other wired network supporting them. although wireless signals can be transmitted through the air for a few miles, they are subject to interference from buildings, hills and mountains, trees, and other obstacles that interfere with the line of sight between antenna towers and other facilities. in addition, wireless services share the air, or spectrum, with each other, and an overflow of simultaneous users can crowd out or slow down other users and cause service degradation. for these reasons, as explained more fully in this paper, new 4g wireless networks will be designed to carry a wireless signal for only a relatively short distance before transferring it (whether it be a voice call, text message, or e-mail) to the wireline network buried underground or strung across utility poles. if the call or text message is directed to another wireless user, only when the signal reaches a wireless facility near the end-user’s device does the signal leave the wired network to complete its journey wirelessly. in urban areas, a relatively few number of antennas can reach many people; for example, an array of cell phone antennas atop a downtown office building can reach not only the people in the building but also numerous others nearby. in rural america, however, people live and work much farther apart from one another. -
Telecommunications Design Standards
Telecommunications Design Standards Revision 21.5 – October 4, 2017 Colorado State University 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................. 3 1. Departments Involved in Design Process ........................................................... 3 2. Applicable Standards ......................................................................................... 3 3. General Guidelines ............................................................................................. 4 4. Equipment and Materials Specifications ............................................................. 4 Chapter 2: Horizontal Infrastructure ........................................................................... 6 Chapter 3: Communications Rooms .......................................................................... 9 1. Main Distribution Room – MDF ..................................................................... 9 2. Intermediate Distribution Room (IDF) ......................................................... 11 3. Campus Room Types ................................................................................. 13 4. Grounding and Bonding .............................................................................. 14 Chapter 4: Riser/Building Backbone Infrastructure .................................................. 17 Chapter 5: Building Entrance Infrastructure ............................................................. 19 1. General ...................................................................................................... -
A Leading Mission-Critical & Technology-Systems Company
ConCor Networks A Leading Mission-Critical & Technology-Systems Company Providing clients a wide range of commercial low-voltage maintenance, repair and retrofit, voice/data, and network and structured-cabling solutions. Bringing Technology Systems from Mission Critical—to Mission Accomplished. ConCor Networks, Inc. (ConCor) is a leader in mission critical and technology systems, as well as low-voltage systems. Today’s low-voltage systems require increasing in- novation and more strategic ways of gathering and analyzing information. As a result, ConCor works with clients to help deliver innovative technology systems that are faster, better, and more efficient. ConCor experts design and build technology-rich, highly complex systems that are often completed within the constraints of demanding implementation schedules. Cli- Markets: ents can benefit from working closely with ConCor in the initial phase of low-voltage Commercial and structured-cabling systems design to identify and resolve conflicts early in the » Office Buildings process. And since ConCor prides itself on implementing green initiatives, the ConCor » Retail team strives to use only the most sustainable methods and materials. Education Innovative Solutions. Design/Build Services Entertainment/Hospitality When Downtime Isn’t An Option. » Arenas ConCor experts often get involved early in the When downtime isn’t an option, ConCor helps design/build process to help clients capture vital » Hotels/Casinos provide solutions that include fiber-optic un- information to incorporate into the final design. Health care shielded twisted pair (UTP), shielded twisted pair Using computer modeling to identify potential Manufacturing (STP) cabling, power distribution systems, UPS problems and test alternatives before conflicts Private Sector systems, cable tray installation services, and interfere, ConCor is well equipped to design and rack and cabinet installation services—for both build projects of nearly any scope and complexity. -
Glossary of Terms in Relation to the BEREC Draft Common Positions On
BoR (12) 129 BEREC Draft Common Positions on WLA, WBA and WLL Glossary of Terms 1/13 BoR (12) 129 Access .................................................................................................................................. 3 Access point ......................................................................................................................... 3 Access/Interconnection level ................................................................................................. 3 Backhaul (network) ............................................................................................................... 3 Bitstream Access .................................................................................................................. 3 Civil engineering infrastructure .............................................................................................. 4 CO Central Office .................................................................................................................. 4 Colocation ............................................................................................................................. 4 Contention ratio ..................................................................................................................... 4 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) .................................................................................. 5 Dark Fibre ............................................................................................................................ -
Standards for Networking and Telecommunications Infrastructure
STANDARDS FOR NETWORKING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE University of Baltimore OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY SERVICES (OTS) TECHNICAL SERVICES 1420 N. CHARLES STREET BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 21201 1.410.837.4200 1.410.837.xxxx fax August, 2019 REVISION HISTORY July 29, 2009 (v1.0) October 09, 2012 (v2.0) October 31, 2012 (v2.1) November 28, 2012 (v2.2) December 06, 2012 (v2.3) April 02, 2013 (v2.4) October 20, 2014 (v2.5) Feb 16, 2015 (v2.6) Feb 14, 2017 (v2.7) Feb 14, 2017 (v2.8) Feb 28, 2018 (v2.9) Aug 13, 2019 (v2.10) University of Baltimore Standards for Networking and Telecom Infrastructure SNTI-1 November, 2012 UNIVERSITY OF BALTIMORE STANDARDS FOR NETWORKING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES PART I - GENERAL 1. SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION: 01. Telecommunications requirements at the University of Baltimore continue to increase in variety and complexity. It is unlikely that this situation will change in the future. Voice, data and video requirements will vary over time, and will be different for each department and function of the University, but the trend will be towards more and faster communications capabilities. The lack of a modern cable plant has hampered progress in expanding data communications in particular. 02. This standard for telecommunications wiring is designed to meet the specific current needs of the University, and to permit growth and flexibility in the future. In addition to describing the twisted pair and/or fiber network required to deliver communications to the desktop, specifications are included for installation of a fiber optic cable backbone connecting buildings. Data requirements include the need for different levels of Ethernet from 100Mb to 10Gb over unshielded twisted copper pairs and Fiber. -
Appendix 3: Handbook on Telecommunication Outside Plant in Areas Frequently Exposed to Natural Disasters
Q22-1/2: Utilization of telecommunications/ICTs for disaster preparedness, mitigation and response Appendix 3: Handbook on Telecommunication Outside Plant in Areas Frequently Exposed to Natural Disasters I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU HANDBOOK ON TELECOMMUNICATION OUTSIDE PLANTS IN AREAS FREQUENTLY EXPOSED TO NATURAL DISASTERS (online edition 2013) Q22-1/2: Utilization of telecommunications/ICTs for disaster preparedness, mitigation and response Table of Contents Page Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ 2 Chapter 1: Natural disasters and their management ..................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Hazards/emergencies/disasters/catastrophes ................................................................. 7 1.2 Natural hazards: types, intensity, caused damages and critical areas/countries ............. 8 1.2.1 Meteorological hazards ......................................................................................... 9 1.2.2 Hydrological hazards .............................................................................................. 13 1.2.3 Geological hazards ................................................................................................. 15 1.3 Disaster management activities ...................................................................................... -
Large Optical Distribution Frame
Large Optical Distribution Frame Telecommunications Standard Document information Document ID TS-SP 306 VicTrack ref TS-SP-00306 Version 6 Approved date 07/02/2020 Next review date 07/02/2022 Security OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Disclaimer © VicTrack 2018 This document is reviewed periodically and new editions are published. It is important that readers use only the current document published on VicTrack’s document management system portal. This document is not, nor should it be relied on as a substitute for, professional engineering design expertise or any other professional advice. Nothing in this document diminishes the responsibility of designers and constructors for applying the requirements of any applicable law or standard. TS-SP 306 Large Optical Distribution Frame Approved 07/02/2020 Version 6 TS-SP-00306 Next review 07/02/2022 Page 2 of 27 OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Contents Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Purpose ................................................................................................................................. 5 2. Scope .................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 5 4. Definitions .............................................................................................................................