A Comparison of Two Methods of Bioassessment in Streams

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF BIOASSESSMENT IN STREAMS

A thesis presented to

the faculty of

the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University

In partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree

Master of Science

Chad J. Kinney

June 2006

This thesis entitled

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF BIOASSESSMENT IN STREAMS

CHAD J. KINNEY

has been approved

for the Program of Environmental Studies

and College of Arts and Sciences by

Kelly S. Johnson

Associate Professor of Biological Sciences

Benjamin M. Ogles

Dean, College of Arts and Sciences

Abstract

KINNEY, CHAD J., M.S., June 2006. Environmental Studies

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF BIOASSESSMENT IN STREAMS (95 pp.)

Director of Thesis: Kelly S. Johnson

The performance of OEPA’s Invertebrate Community Index (ICI) and a family- level Macroinvertebrate Aggregate Index for Streams (MAIS) was compared in 40 streams of varying impact throughout the Western Allegheny Plateau (WAP). In addition, the effect of 3 levels of subsampling on MAIS scores was evaluated.

There was a significant correlation (rho = 0.719) between the ICI and MAIS.

When grouped in OEPA’s biological condition categories the indices were only significantly correlated (rho = 0.703) at severely degraded sites. The indices rated 81% of sites similarly as “attaining” or “non-attaining”, but there was less agreement (37.80%) when comparing the 4 biological condition categories of each index. Subsampling had little effect on mean MAIS scores and no consistent effect on within-category score variation. Findings give support for the reliability of family-level indices, and suggest that the MAIS may be useful in degraded streams of the WAP and other streams upon recalibration.

Approved:

Kelly S. Johnson

Associate Professor of Biological Sciences

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Dr. Kelly Johnson for the guidance that she provided on everything, Dr. Scott Moody and Dr. Morgan Vis for serving on my committee, Tracy

Morman for the help in the field and taxonomic expertise in the lab Breanne Harris, Levi

Rose, and Kelli Johnson for the hours of picking through samples and cleaning of Hester

Dendy samplers and Ed Rankin and the others at Midwest Biodiversity Institute for the final ICI score generation. Thanks to the Environmental Studies department for being patient while I completed this project and a special thanks to my wife Jessica and the rest of my family for the support and patience they gave me. Funding was provided through a

USEPA STAR grant obtained by Ohio University faculty and the ODNR Division of

Mineral Resources Non-point pollution survey funds obtained by ILGARD at the

Voinovich Center at Ohio University.

5 Table of Contents

Page

Abstract...... 3

Acknowledgements...... 4

List of Tables ...... 6

List of Figures...... 7

Introduction...... 8

Objectives ...... 11

Methods...... 12 Timeframe...... 12 Sites...... 12 Sampling of Macroinvertebrates...... 13 Macroinvertebrate data analysis ...... 15

Statistical Analysis...... 20

Results...... 22

Discussion...... 31

References...... 38

Appendix A. Site description...... 44

Appendix B. Data for comparison ...... 46

Appendix C. Subsampling data...... 47

Appendix D. Raw MAIS data...... 48 6 List of Tables

Page Table 1. Values for Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality for original variables and transformed variables...... 25

Table 2. Correlation of ICI scores for each biological condition category and the corresponding MAIS scores...... 27

Table 3. Mean # of organisms for each level of subsampling for each MAIS condition category...... 29

Table 4. Correlations of all combinations of subsampling quadrants...... 29

Table 5. The coefficient of variation (CV) and sensitivity values (p) for each biological condition category in each index ...... 30

7 List of Figures

Page

Figure 1. Scatter-plot of MAIS and ICI scores for all sites before outliers were Omitted ...... 23

Figure 2. Histogram of ICI scores...... 24

Figure 3. Histogram of MAIS scores...... 24

Figure 4. Scatter-plot of MAIS scores and ICI scores showing the strength of Correlation ...... 25

Figure 5. Scatter-plot of ICI scores that are in the LRW category and their corresponding MAIS scores...... 27

Figure 6. Mean MAIS scores for each biological condition category that were generated using each level of subsampling...... 28

Figure 7. The mean index scores for each of the corresponding biological condition categories ...... 30

8 INTRODUCTION

Pollution may be defined as the result of human activities that degrade and contaminate natural resources and in turn reduce biological integrity (Kerans et al.1992).

When water pollution was first recognized as a severe problem, agencies monitoring it focused mainly on the chemical aspect. However, biological communities are sensitive to many types of stressors, including habitat degradation, nutrient loading, and temperature changes. The monitoring of biological communities reflects the overall ecological integrity, provides a comparison of stress over time, and allows the public to better understand what the measures actually mean (Plafkin et al. 1989). Therefore, biological monitoring has proven to be a more effective means of assessing the health of streams than water chemistry alone (Yoder and Rankin 1995).

Benthic macroinvertebrates and fish are used widely as indicator groups for assessing impacts on running waters (DeShon 1995). The data gathered through the collection of these animals are used in the production of a variety of metrics that will represent the overall quality of the stream. There are currently many different biotic indices in use. Some, like the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI) (Hilsenhoff 1987and1988), and the Infaunal Index (Wood 1980), rank taxa by tolerance levels. However, many indices designed to detect chemical pollution are less ideal for detecting human impacts on habitat and flow (Karr and Chu 1999). Simple measures of taxonomic richness, diversity or abundance also provide limited diagnostic ability. Currently, multimetric indexes such as the fish IBI (Karr 1981), macroinvertebrate ICI (OEPA 1989, Deshon

1995, Yoder and Rankin 1995), and macroinvertebrate MAIS (Smith and Voshell 1997),

9 are more popular methods of considering many attributes of biological condition simultaneously (Karr and Chu 1999).

The Invertebrate Community Index (ICI) is the principal tool used by the Ohio

Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) to assess free flowing, wadeable streams in

Ohio, with the exception of headwater streams (OEPA 1989, DeShon 1995, Yoder and

Rankin 1995). Macroinvertebrates are collected on artificial substrate samplers (Hester and Dendy 1962) which are left in the field for six weeks. After the samplers are retrieved, organisms are identified to the genus and, where possible, species. Qualitative

(presence-absence) samples are also collected with a dip net across multiple habitats, and these data are incorporated into the ICI. Because of the quantity and diversity of taxa collected on the samplers, especially Chironomid midges, a taxonomist with years of training must process the samples and lab time is extensive.

The Macroinvertebrate Aggregate Index for Streams (MAIS) is a multimetric index that was developed in Virginia (Smith and Voshell 1997). It is the primary index used by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and by the Forest Service as a rapid bioassessment tool in Virginia and Kentucky (Virginia Department of

Environmental Quality 2003). The MAIS employs family-level identification and organisms collected from natural substrates present in the stream. Thus, the field work is completed in a single trip to the site, using a dip net and kick-seine. The taxonomic level is simpler and can be used by well-trained volunteers and members of watershed groups.

With a few weeks training, dedicated individuals can become skilled enough to identify taxa to the family level (Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2003).

10 Smith and Voshell (1997) does not give any established guidelines for field sampling or laboratory processing other than, using open-net devices such as D-frame dip nets and or a kick seine on natural substrates. Preliminary studies have been done with kick + dip macroinvertebrates, but there has been no systematic exploration of the best way to subsample, either in the field or at the lab. Some method of subsampling is needed for sites that produce very high densities of macroinvertebrates, because it can take more than 4 hours per sample in sorting effort (Kelly Johnson personal communication). Other workers have recommended that a 200 count be the minimum for accurate sampling when using a rapid bioassessment method (King and Richardson

2002). In order to cut down on processing time, it would be useful to know the minimum number of organisms needed to produce a reliable MAIS score. The larger goal of this project was to directly compare the performance of the MAIS with the ICI. State and federal agencies depend on biological assessments to decide what treatments are appropriate for various affected waterways, and to evaluate the success of treatments after they are implemented. Very detailed biological assessments like the ICI used by the

Ohio EPA have proven to be very reliable (Yoder 1991a, 1991b, Yoder and Rankin

1995), but are very time-consuming and costly. There is a need for more time and cost- efficient bioassessment methods, as well as accompanying data to indicate how much resolution might be lost with more rapid approaches.

Family level bioassessments, though controversial, have proven to be reliable depending on the geographic region (Hawkins and Norris 2000, Bailey et al. 2001,

Hewlett 2000). Some direct comparisons of generic vs. family level bioassessment methods have revealed little differences (Hawkins and Norris 2000, Bailey et al. 2001).

11 Other studies have shown that metrics based on family level taxonomy are not reliable and do not identify certain stressors (Lenat and Resh 2001). The MAIS has been found to be a reliable assessment of acid mine affected waters of the Western Allegheny Plateau

(WAP) (Johnson et al. 2002). However, a direct comparison of the OEPA’s ICI and

Virginia’s MAIS in a variety of impacted streams of the Western Allegheny Plateau has not been conducted, so it is unclear how the MAIS performs relative to the ICI. Although the MAIS is economical, and appears to have strong potential as a Level II (less stringent) method of bioassessment, particularly for annual monitoring of sites of known biological condition, a rigorous side-by-side comparison of the two metrics is needed for a thorough cost: benefit evaluation.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this study are to:

♦ Determine if there is a statistically significant correlation between the family level

MAIS bioassessment ratings and the OEPA’s genus/species level (ICI)

bioassessment ratings in 40-50 stream sites in the Western Allegheny Plateau

ecoregion of southeast Ohio.

♦ Compare the sensitivity and variability of the MAIS and ICI across a full range

of biological condition (from poor to excellent).

♦ Evaluate the extent to which different laboratory subsampling protocols affect

MAIS score outcomes.

12 METHODS

Timeframe. Macroinvertebrates were collected from June 2005 to October 2005 and taxonomic identifications were completed during the fall and winter of 2005 and

2006.

Sites. The study sites are all located in the Western Allegheny Plateau (WAP) region of Southeast Ohio. Samples taken in 2005 were part of two ongoing projects: the

US EPA STAR grant obtained by Ohio University faculty and a Non-point Source

Pollution (NPS) survey funded by Ohio DNR. As part of the NPS survey 9 samples were taken from Sunday Creek, 9 from Monday Creek and, 1 from Little Raccoon Creek watersheds. Eighteen OEPA reference sites were selected from a set of 50 randomly selected reference sites scattered throughout the WAP and varying in size that were part of the STAR project. With the exclusion of three sites due to extremely divergent results

(a more detailed explanation can be found in the results) the entire sample set totaled 37 sites. The majority of the tributaries sampled are second order streams and mainstem sites are third order.

The study sites have a wide variety of impacts. Many of the NPS sites are strongly affected by past surface and deep coal mining practices, resulting in acidification and extreme sedimentation. The other streams are mainly impacted by agriculture and silviculture, and sedimentation is a common impact. Few, if any, of the sites are impacted by industrial effluents. The STAR sites are considered by OEPA to be among the least impacted sites in the WAP and are considered reference sites, based on fish and macroinvertebrate communities observed in prior years.

13 Sampling of Macroinvertebrates.

Site Selection. Sites were picked for their suitability of performing the MAIS field techniques. Suitable sites are those with, at least, three riffle or run areas within the

100-150 meter sampling reach (Barbour et al. 1999) and enough stream velocity to sweep organisms downstream into the kick-nets and meet the Ohio EPA’s criteria (meters/sec) for deploying Hester Dendy samplers. The STAR sites are part of OEPA’s ongoing five year rotating bioassessments and the sites were contracted out to Midwest Biodiversity

Institute (MBI).

MAIS Sampling. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected over a 150 meter

reach from natural substrates. The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s

Rapid Bioassessment protocols (RBP) (Barbour et al. 1999) were followed while

conducting samples using the kick seine and D-ring dip net.

MAIS scores were calculated from macroinvertebrates collected from riffles

(three kick seine samples) and other habitats (20 sweeps or jabs with the dip net). The dip

nets were Turtox indestructible, standard triangle frame (0.305 x 0.305x 0.305 meter),

and 500 micron mesh, purchased from Wildlife Supply Company, Buffalo NY. They

were used to sample multiple habitats. Jabs were taken in all available habitats in the

sampling area. Habitats included snags, wood, submerged vegetation, vegetated banks

root wads, and riffles. The 20-dip sample was placed into a white pan where picking of

the macroinvertebrates would be easier. All macroinvertebrates present in the pan were

field- picked, placed into 70% ethanol for preservation and transported to the lab for later

identification. A 1 x 1 meter, fiber glass screened, 500 micron, kick net was used to

sample three riffle or run habitats at each site. The macroinvertebrates and debris were

14 washed into a large Rubbermaid storage container (approximately 15 gallon) after each consecutive kick to create one large sample. This sample was then strained through a number 30 (600 micron mesh) U.S.A. standard testing sieve (W.S. Tyler Inc., Mentor

OH), and large debris were washed and discarded. The entire sample including the debris was placed into large jars and covered with either water (if sorted the same day after returning to the laboratory) or 70% ethanol (if sorted in the laboratory at a later date). At nine sample sites, where organism numbers were low, the sample was picked directly from the net in the field. The data from dip and kick samples were kept separate until final calculation of the MAIS scores.

OEPA’s ICI field sampling. Modified Hester Dendy (H-D) type samplers (Hester

and Dendy 1962) were constructed of one-eighth inch (31.75mm) tempered hardboard

cut into 3-in2 (7.5 cm2) with a ¼ inch (63mm) hole in the center of each plate. They were placed on a ¼ inch eye-bolt with plastic washers creating five 31.75 mm spaces, two

63mm spaces and one 95.25mm space. H-D units were assembled into a cluster of five and attached to a cement block with a small diameter rope. They were placed in a run or riffle habitat where the depth was sufficient enough that it will not become uncovered if the water level decreases and the water velocity was at least 0.3 ft/sec (0.09 m/sec). The units were left in place for six to eight weeks to allow the macroinvertebrates to colonize the sampling unit. During the return trip to the site the units were individually removed from the block and placed into plastic containers. This procedure was done underwater and very gently to prevent the loss of colonized invertebrates. Enough formaldehyde was the added to the containers to produce roughly a 15% aqueous solution that will preserve the specimens for later processing. In addition, on the return trip, a qualitative sample of

15 all habitat types was conducted using standard D-frame dip net and individual examination of various habitats. Sampling took place for no less than thirty minutes and one of each species found were placed into jars containing 70% ethanol for preservation and later identification. Because the dip net procedure for the ICI is virtually identical to that needed for the MAIS, a single dip net sample was collected at each site, but the organisms were enumerated in two different ways for calculation of the two indices. In our study, all the organisms collected in the dip net were saved and preserved in alcohol.

Taxa were recorded only as present/absent for calculation of the ICI, but their abundances were included in the calculation of the MAIS.

Macroinvertebrate data analysis. The MAIS index that was created for the Mid-

Appalachian Highlands ecoregion 69 and the Ohio EPA’s ICI index for the WAP were used to evaluate the macroinvertebrate data. I performed all of the family level identification and MAIS score generation. Tracy Morman, a taxonomist at Midwest

Biodiversity Institute (MBI), P.O. Box 21561 Columbus, Ohio 43221, performed species level identifications and ICI score generation was performed by Ed Rankin (senior project manager) at MBI.

MAIS analysis. Although an ecoregion-specific version of the MAIS index was

created for the WAP it was not be used because it is based on only thirteen sites (seven

reference and six impaired). The Mid-Appalachian Highlands ecoregion is similar to the

WAP, and because the MAIS was developed from a larger set of sites (48) it is probably

more statistically sound (Smith and Voshell 1997).

MAIS laboratory subsorting and processing

16 In the laboratory, kick samples were placed into a white pan, covered with alcohol, and mixed to evenly distribute the sample. The sample was divided into four equal sections depending on the number of organisms observed. A random section was selected with the aid of a drawing a random letter out of a cup and all macros are picked out. To stay consistent the quadrants were always lettered from the top left corner starting with A and moving to the top right corner with B, the bottom left was C and the bottom right was D. All quadrants for 27 sites were picked and kept in separate containers for later identification. Eighteen of the 27 were later used in the comparison analyses. The nine sites not used in the comparison analyses had no ICI scores generated for them. The picking of all four quadrants gave us the basis for testing the effects of subsampling on the MAIS scores. For the final data set of 37 some of the other sites had only one or two quadrants picked to save time processing. Six sites had only two quadrants picked so quadrant A’s score was used in later data analysis so they would be consistent with the four that had only one picked. For the 18 sites with all quadrants picked the score for all four quadrants was used in later analysis. The nine field picked samples were considered a 100% picked sample and were never subsampled. They were not used in the analysis of subsampling, but were included in the overall comparisions between ICI and MAIS scores. Specimens were identified to the family level according to Merritt and Cummins

(1996), counted and placed into individual vials. The remainder of the sample was stored in case later processing is warranted. Information for each site was recorded in a log book.

Nine individual metrics comprise the MAIS: 1) Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI)

(Hilsenhoff 1987 & 1988) that has been modified for the mid-Atlantic highlands 2) EPT

17 index, which is the number of mayfly (Ephemeroptera), caddisfly (Trichoptera), and stonefly (Plecoptera) families 3) # of Ephemeroptera families 4) % Ephemeroptera (% abundance of mayfly nymphs) 5); % 5 dominant taxa 6) Simpson Diversity Index (SDI), which integrates eveness and richness into a measure of diversity 7) # Intolerant taxa, families with tolerance values that are 5 or less 8) % Scrapers, percent abundance of macroinvertebrates scraping and feeding on periphyton and 9) % haptobenthos

(abundance of taxa requiring clean, coarse substrate). These individual metrics are combined to produce a single numeric score ranging from 0-20. Scores are divided into four categories, 0-7 is “very poor” (VP), 8-11 is “poor” (P), 12-15 is “good” (G), and 16-

20 is “very good” (VG). Categories were derived using a regional reference approach for the Mid Appalachian Highlands ecoregion (Smith and Voshell 1997).

OEPA’s ICI laboratory sorting and processing All five multi-plate samplers

were disassembled in a bucket of water. Plates were cleaned of organisms and debris.

The mixtures of organisms and debris were passed through U.S.A. Standard Testing

Sieves number 30 (0.589 mm openings) and number 40 (0.425 mm openings). The

material that remained in each sieve was placed in labeled jars of 70% ethanol.

Sorting of the sample was conducted in a white pan where large organisms such as crayfish, hellgrammites, and non-hydropsychid caddisflies, as well as rare taxa were

removed. After this pre-pick, the sample was subsampled if the number of organisms

was unmanageable (over 300 organisms).

The Folsom sample splitter was used for sub-sampling. The sample was placed

into the splitter and repeatedly split in half until the number of any one family (eg,

Hydropsychidae) was manageable (between 50-80 of any one family). A minimum of

18 250 organisms were identified, with at least 50-100 midges (Chironomidae), 70 caddisflies and 70 mayflies, if there was a sufficient number.

Chironomid midges were prepared on glass microscope slides, identified and stored as a voucher collection. Head capsules of Chironomids were cleaned with a small micro-fine pointed forceps, by pulling debris from the head capsule. (Tracy Morman, personal communication). Organisms were sorted into morphologically similar groups by using a dissecting microscope. One drop of mounting media (for example CMC-10TM) is placed on the slide and spread to approximate the area of a cover slip, with a maximum of two cover slips per slide. Organisms were blotted on a paper towel to remove excess fluids and were oriented in the mounting media in the same direction to allow a good view of diagnostic features (ie. mouthparts). No more than five organisms were mounted under each cover-slip. Mounting medium was added to compensate for the size and number of organisms being mounted. The cover-slips were placed over the organisms by laying one side against the slide and carefully lowering it over the organisms. Slight directional pressure may be needed to remove air bubbles and orient organisms. Prepared slides were dried overnight at 55°C. Slides were checked periodically for spaces and additional medium was added if needed. Dried slides were stored in boxes grouped by project and according to the sample code written on each slide (Moulton II et al. 2000).

Material in the # 40 screen was counted and identified or counted and extrapolated when identification was impossible or impractical. Early instars were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible.

Species level identifications were made, when possible and practical. Generic or higher level classifications were made when specimens were too damaged to identify

19 further, in those cases where taxonomy was incomplete or laborious and time-consuming, or if the individual is an unidentifiable early instar. Organisms in the qualitative samples

(collected by dip net from multiple habitats) were identified to the species level with each taxa being recorded as present or absent (OEPA 1989).

A number of taxonomic keys were used to aid in the identification of organisms.

However, the final identification and name used were taken from the reference taxa list for the OEPA’s ICI score generation (OEPA 1989). All information was recorded on a benchsheet, on which each taxa was assigned its own code.

The ICI is made up of ten individual metrics. The first nine are derived from the taxa collected in the H-D units, the 10th from the qualitative multihabitat sample. The

metrics include 1) Total # of Taxa 2) Total # of Mayfly Taxa 3) Total # of Caddisfly

Taxa 4) Total # of Dipteran Taxa 5) % Mayflies 6) % Caddisflies 7) % tribe Tanytarsini

Midges 8) % Other Dipterans and Non-Insects 9) % Tolerant Organisms and 10) Total # of Qualitative Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa. Each metric has four scoring categories of 6, 4, 2, and 0 points. The points system evaluates a sample against a database of 247 relatively undisturbed reference sites throughout Ohio. A score of 6 is given if a metric is comparable to those exceptional stream communities, 4 if they are more characteristic of those good communities, 2 if the metric values slightly deviate from the expected range of good values, and 0 points for metric values that strongly deviate from the expected range of good values. The summation of the metrics results in the ICI value. The Ohio EPA has established four biological condition categories that correspond to ICI scores: “limited resource water” (LRW) scores from 0-21, “modified

20 warm water habitat” (MWH) scores from 22-35, “warm water habitat” (WWH) scores from 36-45, and “exceptional warm water habitat” (EWH) scores from 46-60.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

A Shapiro-Wilk test for normality was performed to determine which statistical analyses were the most appropriate for the study. The statistic is designated as W. If the data are normally distributed, W should be close to 1.00 and the significance should be greater than 0.05 (Zar 1999).

The performance of the two indices was compared using a combination of

Spearman rank correlation analysis, comparisons of coefficients of variation (CV) and sensitivity analysis. Our first objective was to evaluate whether the two indices rank the sites similarly, in terms of biological condition. If the ranking is similar, there should be a strong correlation between ICI scores and MAIS scores. Scores for the 37 sites were plotted and a Spearman rank correlation analysis performed.

To determine if different levels of subsampling affected the MAIS score outcomes, a subset of 27 sites was used. For each of these sites, MAIS scores were generated using organisms picked from a single quadrant (A), two quadrants (A+B), three quadrants (A+B+C), and all four quadrants (A+B+C+D) of the sorting pan. A

Spearman Rank Correlation was performed on every combination (ei. A vs. A+B, A vs.

A+B+C ect.) to determine statistical significance of scores calculated from the entire sample correlated with those generated from subsamples. There was also a graphical representation of the mean MAIS score for each biological condition category at each level of subsampling.

21 Of interest as well was to determine whether correlations between ICI and MAIS scores change over the range of biological condition. For example, ICI and MAIS scores may be strongly correlated at very high and very poor quality sites, but only weakly correlated at sites with intermediate impact. This was investigated using two approaches.

First, the strength of the Spearman correlation was examined separately within each

OEPA waterbody designation (LRW, MWH, WWH, and EWH). The MAIS score that corresponded to each site in each ICI category was used as the other variable even if the score did not fall within the MAIS’s comparable category. Second, the coefficients of variation for each index and category of biological condition were calculated and compared. A change of 10 percentage points was interpreted as a biologically significant difference. Although this cutoff is somewhat arbitrary, it is commonly used in comparisons of metric performance (Rabini et al. 1999) and sampling protocols (Gebler

2004).

Finally, sensitivity analyses were conducted on each index to determine minimum detectable differences (MDD’s) using a) the CV for each biological condition category, for each index. The sensitivity index is based on the following rearrangement of the t-test

(Parkinson et al. 1988):

p2=1002 k (CV) 2 /n

where p is the % change that would be statistically significant (MDD) for a given α and

β, k is a constant for α or β, and n is the number of samples. A two-tailed value of k

(15.70) will be used for α = 0.05 and β = 0.20. The value of α widely accepted for

statistical significance and the value of β represents a relatively high power of analysis

(80%). Low MDD values would suggest high sensitivity (small differences were

22 detectable), whereas high MDDs indicate poor sensitivity. For comparison, Gebler

(2004) reported that increasing sample size from 2 to 9 increased the sensitivity, decreased the MDD’s) from 30-50% when only two reaches within a stream were sampled to 10-30% when nine reaches were sampled.

RESULTS

Preliminary investigation of the data revealed four sites with unusually large differences in the rating of the biological condition between the MAIS score and the ICI score (Figure 1). At the mouth of Sunday Creek (SC071), the ICI scored “zero”

(biologically dead) although the MAIS score was 8 (poor). At the west branch of Sunday

Creek (WB002), Little Raccoon Creek at river mile 22.3 (LRC RM 22.3), and White

Eyes Creek (Star site #65) the MAIS scores were worse than expected based on ICI values. Laboratory notes indicated that SC071 had iron clogging the HD sampler so there were no organisms to calculate a valid ICI score, therefore, this site was omitted from all analyses. WB002 had a beaver dam constructed directly on top of the HD which resulted in no flowing riffles for kick samples above the dam and the only moving water for a kick sample was directly beside the beaver dam. Not being able to sample correctly could have resulted in the low MAIS scores, thus it was omitted. LRC RM 22.3 had very poor substrate in the areas that had enough flow to perform a kick sample. These areas were also very deep making the area to kick very small. The low MAIS score probably resulted from not kick sampling a large enough area for a valid score. Therefore, this site was omitted (appendix A.). We felt the

50 rho = 0.736

40 p < 0.001

ICI scores ICI 20

0 0 5 10 15 20 MAIS scores

Figure 1. Scatter-plot of MAIS and ICI scores for all sites before outliers were omitted. Red data points are outliers.

field notes provided sufficient justification for treating these sites as aberrant, so they were omitted from subsequent analyses. Although the MAIS score (7) was unusually low at the fourth site (White Eyes), even though the ICI was high (42), we could not find any justification for removing it from the data set, so it was retained in the analysis.

Histograms of index scores revealed bimodal distributions for both the ICI and

MAIS (Figure 2 and Figure 3). A Shapiro-Wilk test for normality showed that the scores for the ICI were not normally distributed (W = 0.885) (p = 0.01). It also showed that the

MAIS scores were not normally distributed (W = 0.929) (p = 0.021). Square root, log, and inverse transformations were performed on each set of scores, but all were found by the Shapiro-Wilk test to still be non-normally distributed (Table 1). As a result, non- parametric Spearman rank correlations were used instead of linear regressions in further analyses.

24 The Spearman Rank Correlation showed a positive (rho = 0.719) and significant

(p = 0.000) correlation between MAIS and ICI scores (Figure 4). When the data were

3 t

o C

10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 ICI

Figure 2. Histogram of ICI scores (Total N=37).

3 t

o C 2

4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 MAIS

Figure 3. Histogram of MAIS scores (Total N=37).

Variable n W Sig (2-tailed) ICI 37 0.885 0.010 MAIS 37 0.929 0.021 sqtrICI 37 0.859 0.000 sqrtMAIS 37 0.838 0.000 logICI 37 0.796 0.000 logMAIS 37 0.757 0.001 1/ICI 37 0.668 0.000 1/MAIS 37 0.352 0.000

Table 1. Values for Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality for original variables and transformed variables. Note that for this statistical procedure a P≥0.05 is considered significant. Normally distributed data have a W close to one and a P≥0.05.

50 rho = 0.719

40 p< 0.001

ICI scores ICI 20

0 0 5 10 15 20 MAIS scores

Figure 4. Scatter-plot of MAIS scores and ICI scores showing the strength of correlation (N=37).

26 grouped into Ohio EPA biological condition categories (as indicated by ICI scores), there was a positive (rho = 0.703) and significant (p = 0.011) correlation between sites that were classified as LRW by the ICI and the MAIS scores from those sites (Figure 5).

However for each of the other categories (MWH, WWH, and EWH) the corresponding

MAIS scores were not significantly correlated (Table 2).

The ICI grouped 37.80% (14 of 37 sites) of the sites in similar biological condition category (very poor, poor, good or very good and LRW, MWH, WWH or

EWH, respectively). The lowest categories had the most agreement. Out of 12 instances where the ICI categorized the site as LRW, the MAIS also categorized 7 sites in its lowest category (VP). For the 7 sites that the ICI classified as MWH only 1 site was found by the MAIS to be in its similar category (P). Thirteen sites were categorized as

WWH by the ICI, five of which had a corresponding MAIS score that fell within the G category. Only 5 ICI sites were rated as EWH and out of that 5 only one was rated in the

MAIS’s comparable category of very good (VG). The MAIS often overrated the sites by one category as compared to the ICI. Out of 12 instances where the ICI categorized the site as LRW the MAIS categorized 5 sites in its second condition category “Poor”. For the 7 sites the ICI categorized as MWH the MAIS categorized 5 as “Good”. Seven of the

13 sites that the ICI categorized as WWH the MAIS put in its highest category of “Very

Good”. This pattern was not seen for the ICI sites that were categorized as EWH where the MAIS categorized 4 out of five in the “Good” category (Appendix B).

The different subsampling procedures had very little impact on the mean MAIS scores generated for the sample set (Figure 6), and standard deviations generally increased or stayed the same when more than two quadrants were processed. The average

12 rho = 0.703 10 p = 0.011 8

ICI scores for the LRW category 0 0 5 10 15 MAIS scores for sites that the ICI rated as LRW

Figure 5. Scatter-plot of ICI scores that are in the LRW category and their corresponding MAIS scores.

Comparison n Spearman’s rho Sig (2-tailed) LRW vs MAISLRW 12 0.703* 0.011* MWH vs. MAISMWH 7 -0.560 0.191 WWH vs. MAISWWH 13 -0.154 0.615 EWH vs. MAISEWH 5 -0.672 0.214

Table 2. Correlation of ICI scores for each biological condition category and the corresponding MAIS scores. * p< 0.05

20 18 16 14 A 12 AB 10 ABC 8 ABCD 6 4 2 0 VP P G VG

Figure 6. Mean MAIS scores for each biological condition category that were generated using each level of subsampling. Error bars represent the standard deviation.

number of organisms for each level of subsampling were quite variable ranging from

69.55 organisms in a single quadrant for the VP category to as high as 1104.00 organisms for all four quadrants in the VG category (Table 3). Spearman Rank Correlations showed strong positive relationships between all combinations of subsampling levels, although there was a slight decline in rho (from 0.99 to 0.93) as fewer quadrants were sampled

(Table 4). There was no evidence that any one biological condition category was more strongly affected by subsampling compared to the others.

Sensitivity analysis showed that the “Poor” and “Good” MAIS groups have very similar MDD’s (p=23.68 and p=8.07, respectively) to their corresponding groups, MWH

(p = 24.51) and WWH (p = 9.21) from the ICI. The MDD of the “very poor” MAIS category (p = 50.94) was lower than the corresponding ICI category of LRW (p = 76.59).

29 Condition Category Subsampling level Mean # of organisms SE VP A 69.55 13.20 A+B 100.6 24.18 A+B+C 109.50 37.37 A+B+C+D 83.80 20.09 P A 150.67 68.44 A+B 214.60 70.75 A+B+C 204.00 62.85 A+B+C+D 268.89 72.77 G A 333.38 125.45 A+B 928.00 217.79 A+B+C 805.33 264.42 A+B+C+D 1014.56 340.81 VG A 445.20 59.97 A+B 664.25 94.08 A+B+C 861.00 140.23 A+B+C+D 1104.00 182.74

Table 3. Mean # of organisms for each level of subsampling for each MAIS condition category

Quadrant combinations compared n Spearman’s Sig(2-tailed) rho A vs. A+B 27 .963 0.00 A vs. A+B+C 27 .929 0.00 A vs. A+B+C+D 27 .930 0.00 A+B vs. A+B+C 27 .975 0.00 A+B vs. A+B+C+D 27 .965 0.00 A+B+C vs. A+B+C+D 27 .991 0.00

Table 4. Correlations of all combinations of subsampling quadrants. Note that MAIS scores were generated for all quadrant combinations for all 27 sites.

The MDD for the MAIS category “very good” (p = 6.11) was also lower than the corresponding ICI category of EWH (p = 10.60) (Table 5.) There is comparable variation in MAIS scores in all biological condition categories when compared to the variation in

ICI scores for each corresponding category (Figure 7).

Index Biological Condition CV p (MDD) Category MAIS VP 36.36 50.94 P 14.64 23.68 G 7.62 8.07 VG 4.63 6.11 ICI LRW 66.96 76.59 MWH 16.37 24.51 WWH 8.38 9.21 EWH 5.98 10.60

Table 5. The coefficient of variation (CV) and sensitivity values (p) for each biological condition category in each index. A MDD (p) of 6.11 indicates that a second group of sites with a mean that is 6.11% different from the mean value of this category will be detected as being in a statistically different category.

40 MAIS 30 ICI Index score 20

0 VP/LRW P/MWH G/WWH VG/EWH

Biological Condition Category

Figure 7. The mean index scores for each of the corresponding biological condition categories. MAIS scores were adjusted to match the ICI scale (by multiplying by 3.3) Error bars represent standard deviation.

DISCUSSION

This study provides more data for the ongoing debate of the reliability of family- level multimetric indices. It was a direct comparison of Ohio EPA’s ICI scores and the

MAIS’s scores, which has not been previously studied. There was a positive and significant correlation between the family level MAIS and the genus/species level ICI.

(rho of 0.719). This result shows that there was a relationship, but does not provide the same information about the specific nature of the response curve that regression analyses would have provided. This is unfortunate, since a linear or curvilinear regression would give a means of predicting an ICI score from a given MAIS score. A larger data set, with more intermediately impacted sites, may provide the normality required for such parametric and more predictive test.

The fact that the MAIS and ICI only grouped 37.80% (14 of 37) of the sites in similar narrative categories suggests that the two indices do not perform similarly at all sites. Since the Spearman correlations were reasonably strong, however, this merits closer examination. When sites were ranked by their ICI values, and the corresponding MAIS scores examined, there appeared to be a trend of decreased sensitivity of the MAIS to sites that the ICI designated as excellent. For example, the MAIS ranked only one of the

EWH sites in its top category (“Very Good”), yet ranked five of the sites designated as

WWH as “Very Good”, the very best biological condition category for the MAIS.

Although this could be interpreted as MAIS being “insensitive” to high quality sites, it is worth noting that out of all 37 sites, the MAIS produced a similar distribution of sites across its four narrative categories: (9) were ranked as “Very good”, (14) as “Good”, (6)

32 as “Poor” and ( 8 ) as “very poor”, with reasonably small coefficients of variation for each narrative category. By comparison, the ICI ranked five as EWH, 13 as WWH, 7 as

MWH and 12 as LRW). So, an alternative interpretation is that the MAIS is sensitive and capable of distinguishing different categories of sites, but is doing so based on either different biological traits or different numerical cut-offs than the ICI. This is plausible, because the assemblage that the MAIS is derived from is sampled from natural substrates on the stream bottom, where as the ICI uses organisms that have colonized artificial substrates. Artificial substrates provide uniform habitat even when such habitat is not available naturally at the site. Therefore, at some sites there may be taxa on the Hester

Dendy samplers that are not on the natural substrates leading to the indices having much different biological condition ratings. In addition, the MAIS index places a stronger weight on the diversity and abundance of taxa found in the qualitative dip net samples

(multihabitat sampling), because these are pooled and used in all the metrics. Of the 10 metrics of the ICI, only one is based on organisms collected from multiple habitats

(Metric 10). Also, Blocksom (2003) found that evaluating alternate methods of scoring metrics when developing a multimetric index can make the difference between an index that can distinguish acceptable from unacceptable site conditions and one that can distinguish multiple levels of condition. The MAIS metrics and the ICI metrics are scored in different ways and could explain the discrepancies in the grouping of sites between the two indices. Also there was a trend of the MAIS overrating sites. For example for the 13 sites that the ICI rated as WWH the MAIS rated 6 in its comparable category of “good” and 7 in its highest category of “very good”. This is consistent with findings (ITFM

33 1994) that volunteer and lower level bioassessment types have a tendency to overrate the condition of marginal waters.

The numerical cutoffs for the narrative categories recognized by the ICI were derived from data from regional reference sites within the WAP. ICI is the method currently used by the Ohio EPA in the WAP (Yoder 1991a, 1991b, Yoder and Rankin

1995). The MAIS version that we used, on the other hand, was calibrated for use in the

Mid-Appalachian Highlands ecoregion (Smith and Voshell 1997) not the WAP.

Interestingly, if the two indices are compared simply on the basis of whether they divide the sites into two categories, “attainment” (ICI of 36 or better, MAIS score 12 or better) or “non-attainment” (ICI <36, MAIS score <12), there appears to be much stronger agreement. The MAIS and ICI rate 30 of 37 (81%) of sites similarly when rating as

“attaining” or “non-attaining”. Seventeen out of 18 sites were found to be “attaining” by both the MAIS and ICI (94% agreement) and 13 out of 19 (68% agreement) as non- attaining by both indices. Six sites rated as attaining by the MAIS and non-attaining by the ICI and one was rated as non-attaining by the MAIS and attaining by the ICI. This is consistent with the findings of Lenat and Resh (2001) that family level indices work well if only 2-3 categories are used. Dilley (1991) compared ODNR’s order-level volunteer

Scenic Rivers Stream Quality Monitoring Program (SQM) and the ICI. He found that the

SQM had merit in terms of aquatic life use attainment and non-attainment which is similar to the findings of this study.

The only positive significant correlation between ICI and MAIS scores within each biological condition category was at the worst sites, or those categorized by the ICI as LRW. The other ICI categories scores and the corresponding MAIS scores had no

34 significant correlations. This is evidence that the MAIS performs very much like the ICI at sites that are significantly degraded. Streams of this nature often suffer from acidification from mine drainage and are common in the WAP. This is consistent with the findings of Johnson et al. (2002) that MAIS scores are strongly correlated with chemical indicators of acid mine drainage (acidity, dissolved metals, sulfate, conductivity) and the index is thus useful for assessing acid mine affected waters in the Western Allegheny

Plateau (WAP) and that it may have potential to be a Level II, method of bioassessment.

The state of Ohio has recently established three levels of credible data that can be accepted for use in water resource planning and management. Level III bioassessments are the most stringent, requiring the use of two biological assemblages (e.g. fish and macroinvertebrates), regional reference sites, and standardized sampling protocols. Level

II bioassessments have less stringent requirements, and would include indices such as the

MAIS that require less taxonomic expertise. Level II bioassessments may be used as the initial screening to evaluate the effectiveness of point and non-point source pollution controls, or for repeated monitoring during long-term studies.

Our results have implications on the use of this index by watershed groups as a tool for long-term monitoring. Since many watershed groups in the WAP deal with streams that are very degraded, the MAIS should be a good index for the watershed groups to assess their streams or a portion of their streams. This could open the door to volunteer monitoring, making it easier for watershed groups in the WAP and others to perform some of their own biological data collection and processing because they would no longer need the taxonomic expertise that genus/species-level indexes require.

35 Mininum detectible differences (MDD’s) were found to be very similar for ICI scores in the Modified Water Habitat category and MAIS scores in the corresponding

“Poor” category, as well as for ICI scores in the Warm Water Habitat category and the

MAIS scores in the corresponding “Good” category. However the MDD for the MAIS scores in the “Very Poor” category were smaller than the MDD for ICI scores in the corresponding Limited Resource Water category and the MDD for MAIS scores in the

“Very Good” category was smaller than the MDD for ICI scores in the Exceptional

Water Habitat category. This suggests that the MAIS is actually more sensitive than the

ICI at the extreme ends of the range of biological condition (Very Poor/Limited Resource

Water) and (Very Good/Exceptional Water Habitat) and that they have similar sensitivities in the middle range (Poor/Modified Water Habitat) and (Good/Warm Water

Habitat). This contradicts statements by Lenat and Resh (2001) that species level identifications are more appropriate where small between-site and between-date differences need to be detected. Gebler (2004) found that examining effect sizes discernable by mean MDD’s provided a general assessment of metric sensitivity, but small sample sizes can result in misleading conclusions concerning the reliability of detectible differences. Their sample sizes ranged from 1 to 3 and mine were from 5 to 13.

Since Gebler (2004) did not suggest a required sample size for reliable MDD calculation,

I considered my MDD’s to be reliable. The variability of the MAIS was less than the variability of the ICI across the entire range of biological condition. This could be a result of there being fewer score possibilities within each category of the MAIS (score range of

0-18) as compared to the ICI (score range of 0-60).

36 The different levels of subsampling did not greatly affect the mean MAIS scores within each narrative category. The scores generated using one quadrant was often the same as scores generated for 2, 3, or even 4 quadrants. When it differed, it was usually by one or two points. Two sites scores changed a total of four points after adding all four quadrants. The variation in MAIS scores for the different levels of subsampling did not change significantly when more than two quadrants were processed. The mean numbers of organisms identified, in samples with 3 or 4 quadrants processed, are very large.

Processing these samples can take up to 6 hours. This suggests that there is no significant advantage to processing more than two quadrants. If samples were brought back to the lab for sorting, the evidence of this study leads me to recommend picking two quadrants in order to be time efficient and still get reliable results. Although the scores did not vary much numerically, the biological condition category was altered on 8 out of 27 (29.6%) of the sites. Thus, a small numerical change in the score across subsampling quadrant combinations can have larger implications if there is a greater emphasis on categories than the numerical scores . Other studies have shown that a fixed count of 200 organisms is the minimum number needed to be reliable (King and Richardson 2002). Since the ICI gets reliable results by using a Folsom splitter that randomly subsamples to ½, ¼, 1/8, and so on, I chose a method that was similar even though it was a little more crude.

In conclusion, this study provided both support for the reliability of family level indices as well as support for the reliability of genus/species level indices. This is similar to the findings that family level indices and genus/species level indices each have a time and certain circumstances for which they are appropriate to use (Lenat and Resh 2001).

So the debate over the reliability of family level indices goes on. The MAIS may need to

37 be recalibrated for the WAP. Evidence from this study support the findings that the

MAIS would be reliable in the WAP for streams that are affected by acid mine drainage and could be used by volunteers at watershed groups in the WAP in place of the ICI. The

MAIS is actually more sensitive than the ICI at the highest and lowest biological condition categories. Our subsampling technique had little effect on the MAIS scores generated but sometimes a small numerical change can alter the interpretation of the stream condition. If our subsampling technique is used we recommend picking two quadrants. A larger data set with mid-range impact sites is needed to produce data that is normally distributed in order to obtain a predictive numerical “translator” using regression analyses (as opposed to correlation), which would be useful for directly comparing MAIS scores to those that would be obtained by the ICI.

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44 Appendix A. Site description

Drainage MAIS ICI Stream Code River Mile area score score Sunday Creek SC073 NA NA 11 NA Sunday Creek SC071 0.2 138 8 0 Sunday Creek SC076 21.9 11.2 8 8 Sunday Creek SC080 23.6 9.4 5 0 Sunday Creek SC079 24 8.5 12 34 Sunday Creek SCRM25.6 25.6 3.8 15 44 West Branch Sunday Creek WB002 6.22 22.4 7 20 West Branch Sunday Creek WB003 10.44 17.9 9 8 West Branch Sunday Creek WB051 11.4 9 8 12 West Branch Sunday Creek WB004 13.3 5.4 1 0 West Branch Sunday Creek WBHW003 13.35 5.4 5 4 Monday Creek MC151 4.3 84 8 8 Monday Creek MC153 11 0 13 42 Monday Creek MC103 19.85 26.9 13 38 Monday Creek MC0083 23.39 12.5 11 28 Monday Creek MC0090 24 7.3 6 6 Monday Creek MC0095 25.3 3.7 7 4 Monday Creek MC148 26.5 2.9 7 4 Sycamore Hollow Creek SY 0.1 0.1 4.9 6 4 SY dst. Sycamore Hollow Creek Essex 2.95 3 9 4 LRC RM Little Raccoon Creek 22.2 22.2 78.7 14 24 LRC RM Little Raccoon Creek 22.3 22.3 78.5 8 32 Raccoon Creek RC RM82.3 NA NA 13 NA Lower Twin Creek STAR #41 2.2 15 18 38 Queer Creek STAR #46 4.4 11.7 15 50 Mill Creek STAR #48 1 17 14 48 Captina Creek STAR #57 14.5 134 12 26 Pawpaw Creek STAR #27 8.2 9 16 44 Witten Fork STAR #52 0.9 42.1 16 24 Williams Creek STAR #32 1.4 11.4 14 54 Sunfish Creek STAR #60 7.1 99 17 36 Nancy Run STAR #30 1 7.5 17 36 Elkhorn Creek STAR #42 0.5 34.1 18 40 Trail Run STAR #16 0.3 3.3 14 50 Middle Fork Little Beaver Creek STAR #64 9 114 14 34 Storms Creek STAR #38 3.3 32.1 15 44 Little Scioto River STAR #59 12.6 200 15 24 Rocky Fork Little Scioto River STAR #66 0.6 68.4 17 46 Middle Branch Shade River STAR #67 8.1 60 14 36 Jonathan Creek STAR #62 12.3 105 16 44 White Eyes Creek STAR #65 0.6 53 7 42 Wakatomika Creek STAR #49 32 19.7 17 44

45 Appendix A. continued

Drainage MAIS ICI Stream Code River Mile area score score Huff Run HR0 NA NA 14 NA Huff Run HR6 NA NA 8 NA Huff Run HR24 NA NA 5 NA Huff Run HR28 NA NA 2 NA Huff Run HR32 NA NA 3 NA Job's Hollow JH0092 NA NA 8 NA

46 Appendix B. Data for comparison

MAIS Biological ICI Biological ICI MAIS Condition Condition SITE score score Category Category SC080 0 5 VP LRW WB004 0 1 VP LRW MC0095 4 7 VP LRW WBHW003 4 5 VP LRW SY RM 0.1 4 6 VP LRW MC148 4 7 VP LRW SY dst Essex 4 9 P LRW MC0090 6 6 VP LRW SC076 8 11 P LRW MC151 8 8 P LRW WB003 8 9 P LRW WB051 12 8 P LRW L. Scioto R. STAR #59 24 15 G MWH Witten Fork. STAR #39 24 16 VG MWH LRC RM 22.2 24 14 G MWH Captina Cr. STAR #57 26 12 G MWH MC0083 28 11 P MWH M.Fk. L. Beaver Cr. STAR #64 34 13 G MWH SC079 34 12 G MWH Nancy Run STAR #30 36 17 VG WWH Shade River STAR #67 36 14 G WWH Sunfish Cr. STAR #60 36 17 VG WWH Lower Trin Cr. STAR #41 38 18 VG WWH MC103 38 13 G WWH Elkhorn Cr. STAR #42 40 18 VG WWH White eyes Cr. STAR #65 42 7 VP WWH MC153 42 13 G WWH Johnathan Cr. STAR #62 44 16 VG WWH Paw Paw Cr. STAR #27 44 16 VG WWH Storms Cr. STAR #38 44 15 G WWH Wakatomika Cr. STAR #49 44 17 VG WWH SC RM 25.6 44 15 G WWH Rocky Fork STAR #66 46 17 VG EWH Mill Cr. STAR #48 48 14 G EWH Queer Cr. STAR #46 50 15 G EWH Trail Run STAR #16 50 14 G EWH Williams Cr. STAR #32 54 14 G EWH

47 Appendix C. Subsampling data

SITE A A+B A+B+C A+B+C+D HR28 3 2 2 2 HR32 3 3 3 3 MC148 3 4 7 7 JH0092 4 5 8 8 HR24 5 4 5 5 MC0090 6 6 6 6 SY dst Essex 6 7 9 9 WB051 6 6 8 8 HR6 7 7 9 8 MC151 7 5 7 8 WB003 7 9 9 9 LRC RM 22.3 9 8 8 8 HR0 10 11 14 14 SC076 11 11 11 11 SC073 12 11 11 11 Queer Cr. STAR #46 13 15 15 15 LRC RM 22.2 13 14 14 14 RC RM 82.3 13 13 13 13 SC RM 25.6 14 14 14 15 Storms Cr. STAR #38 15 15 15 15 Williams Cr. STAR #32 15 15 14 14 LRC RM 1.2 15 15 14 14 Lower Trin Cr. STAR #41 16 17 17 18 Mill Cr. STAR #48 16 14 14 14 Paw Paw Cr. STAR #27 16 16 16 16 Rocky Fork STAR #66 16 17 17 17 Witten Fork. STAR #39 16 16 16 16

48 Appendix D. Raw MAIS data

Captina Cr. Elkhorn Cr. Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 1 Lumbriculidae 1 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 2 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 1 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 57 Caenidae 5 Isonychiidae 7 Isonychiidae 48 Heptageniidae 12 Heptageniidae 94 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 1 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 7 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 22 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 1 Leuctridae 3 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 16 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 1 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 1 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 1 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 191 Hydropsychidae 60 Philopotamidae 130 Philopotamidae 39 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 1 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Polycentropodidae 3 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Aeshnidae 1 Aeshnidae 2 Gomphidae 1 Gomphidae 3 Libellulidae 1 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 0 Calopterygidae 4 Coenagrionidae 17 Coenagrionidae 0 Elmidae 11 Elmidae 41 Dryopidae 2 Dryopidae 1 Psephenidae 11 Psephenidae 3 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 1 Staphylinidae 0

49 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 3 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 3 Sialidae 3 Corydalidae 8 Corydalidae 7 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Nepidae 1 Cambaridae 1 Belostomatidae 0 Hydracarina 0 Cambaridae 1 Culicidae 0 Hydracarina 1 Simuliidae 0 Culicidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 1 Tabanidae 2 Athericidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Athericidae 4 Dixidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 1 Dolichopodidae 0 Dixidae 0 Chironomidae 71 Dolichopodidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Chironomidae 10 Empididae 0 Ephydridae 0 Tipulidae 4 Empididae 0 Corbiculidae 1 Tipulidae 5 Planorbidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Sphaeriidae 1 Planorbidae 0 Physidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Ancylidae 5 Physidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Ancylidae 2 Lymnaeidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Unionidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Polychaeta 0 Unionidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Oligochaeta 3 Talitridae 0 Asellidae 1 Gammaridae 0 Talitridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Gammaridae 0 Isotomidae 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0

50 Appendix D. continued

Huff Run 0 Huff Run 6 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 2 Lumbriculidae 1 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 2 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 1 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 3 Caenidae 2 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 3 Heptageniidae 1 Ephemeridae 15 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 1 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 1 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 76 Hydropsychidae 334 Philopotamidae 2 Philopotamidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Uenoidae 4 Uenoidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Phryganeidae 1 Aeshnidae 8 Aeshnidae 1 Gomphidae 0 Gomphidae 2 Libellulidae 3 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 3 Calopterygidae 10 Coenagrionidae 8 Coenagrionidae 0 Elmidae 179 Elmidae 33 Dryopidae 0 Dryopidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 5 Hydrophilidae 1 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

51 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 1 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Helophoridae 1 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 2 Sialidae 1 Sialidae 2 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 0 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 1 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 2 Cambaridae 5 Cambaridae 2 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 2 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 20 Stratiomyiidae 0 Muscidae 17 Athericidae 4 Stratiomyiidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 1 Athericidae 0 Dixidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dixidae 0 Chironomidae 39 Dolichopodidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Chironomidae 158 Empididae 3 Ephydridae 0 Tipulidae 19 Empididae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Tipulidae 56 Planorbidae 2 Corbiculidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Planorbidae 24 Physidae 1 Sphaeriidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Physidae 33 Hydrobiidae 1 Ancylidae 3 Lymnaeidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Unionidae 1 Pleuroceridae 0 Polychaeta 0 Unionidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Talitridae 0 Asellidae 2 Gammaridae 0 Talitridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Gammaridae 0 Isotomidae 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0

52 Appendix D. continued

Huff Run 24 Huff Run 28 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 28 Hydropsychidae 1 Philopotamidae 0 Philopotamidae 0 Limneplilidae 1 Limneplilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Polycentropodidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 6 Phryganeidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 4 Calopterygidae 1 Coenagrionidae 2 Coenagrionidae 5 Elmidae 0 Elmidae 0 Dryopidae 0 Dryopidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

53 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 4 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 2 Sialidae 13 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 0 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 0 Cambaridae 0 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 1 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 0 Chironomidae 25 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 14 Tipulidae 9 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 0 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Asellidae 1 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

54 Appendix D. continued

Huff Run 32 Job,s Hollow Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 1 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 1 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 0 Hydropsychidae 113 Philopotamidae 0 Philopotamidae 2 Limneplilidae 3 Limneplilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 7 Phryganeidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 12 Calopterygidae 0 Calopterygidae 32 Coenagrionidae 5 Coenagrionidae 0 Elmidae 0 Elmidae 2 Dryopidae 0 Dryopidae 1 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 2

55 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 3 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 30 Sialidae 4 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 4 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 1 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 1 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 2 Cambaridae 4 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 1 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 1 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 19 Chironomidae 19 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Empididae 3 Tipulidae 6 Tipulidae 10 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 0 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 1 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

56 Appendix D. continued

Johnathan Cr L. Raccoon Cr 22.2 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 2 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 1 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 9 Caenidae 92 Caenidae 1 Isonychiidae 9 Isonychiidae 1 Heptageniidae 73 Heptageniidae 2 Ephemeridae 2 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 1 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 2 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 25 Hydropsychidae 55 Philopotamidae 2 Philopotamidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Polycentropodidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Phryganeidae 1 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 2 Gomphidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 2 Calopterygidae 24 Coenagrionidae 19 Coenagrionidae 3 Elmidae 13 Elmidae 86 Dryopidae 1 Dryopidae 7 Psephenidae 9 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

57 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 1 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 4 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 3 Sialidae 2 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 0 Corixidae 5 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 1 Cambaridae 9 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 1 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 95 Chironomidae 59 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 12 Tipulidae 23 Corbiculidae 16 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 6 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 6 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 1 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 143 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 9 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 22 Asellidae 1 Talitridae 7 Talitridae 29 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 1 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

58 Appendix D. continued

L. Raccoon Cr. 22.3 L. Scioto R Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 1 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 4 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 2 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 2 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 24 Heptageniidae 13 Heptageniidae 102 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 11 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 8 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 342 Hydropsychidae 101 Philopotamidae 0 Philopotamidae 203 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Polycentropodidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 3 Gomphidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 2 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 5 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 10 Calopterygidae 1 Coenagrionidae 4 Coenagrionidae 38 Elmidae 22 Elmidae 35 Dryopidae 0 Dryopidae 26 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 5 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 1 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

59 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 1 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 1 Sialidae 0 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 2 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 1 Cambaridae 1 Cambaridae 2 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 53 Chironomidae 147 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 2 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 155 Tipulidae 11 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 11 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 4 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 4 Physidae 0 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 2 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 1 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 2 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 1 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

60 Appendix D. continued

Lower Twin Cr. M. Frk. L. Beaver Cr. Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 1 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 1 Lumbriculidae 4 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 12 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 43 Baetidae 4 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 2 Isonychiidae 234 Isonychiidae 31 Heptageniidae 320 Heptageniidae 38 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 1 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Perlidae 1 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlodidae 7 Perlidae 0 Capniidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Leptoceridae 7 Capniidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Leptoceridae 1 Helicopsychidae 4 Hydroptilidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Hydropsychidae 220 Brachycentridae 0 Philopotamidae 266 Hydropsychidae 193 Limneplilidae 1 Philopotamidae 1 Polycentropodidae 1 Limneplilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Aeshnidae 2 Rhyacophilidae 0 Gomphidae 3 Phryganeidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Aeshnidae 3 Corduliidae 0 Gomphidae 1 Corduligastridae 0 Libellulidae 0 Calopterygidae 2 Corduliidae 2 Coenagrionidae 1 Corduligastridae 0 Elmidae 59 Calopterygidae 19 Dryopidae 3 Coenagrionidae 2 Psephenidae 192 Elmidae 27 Hydrophilidae 0 Dryopidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 3 Staphylinidae 0

Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 2 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 7 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 0 Sialidae 0 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 1 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 1 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 2 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 3 Cambaridae 1 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 1 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 8 Simuliidae 1 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 44 Chironomidae 10 Tabanidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Empididae 2 Tipulidae 1 Tipulidae 124 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 7 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 0 Physidae 8 Ancylidae 1 Ancylidae 5 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 1 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 64 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 2 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 2 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 3 Gammaridae 1 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

62 Appendix D. continued

Mill Cr. Monday Cr. 0083 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 5 Nemertinea 1 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 2 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 7 Baetidae 1 Caenidae 99 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 32 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 514 Heptageniidae 0 Ephemeridae 1 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 2 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 4 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Perlidae 1 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlidae 0 Capniidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Capniidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Leptoceridae 3 Helicopsychidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Hydropsychidae 353 Brachycentridae 0 Philopotamidae 38 Hydropsychidae 17 Limneplilidae 0 Philopotamidae 0 Polycentropodidae 3 Limneplilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Gomphidae 1 Phryganeidae 7 Libellulidae 1 Aeshnidae 2 Corduliidae 2 Gomphidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Libellulidae 0 Calopterygidae 2 Corduliidae 0 Coenagrionidae 25 Corduligastridae 1 Elmidae 21 Calopterygidae 5 Dryopidae 0 Coenagrionidae 0 Psephenidae 196 Elmidae 4 Hydrophilidae 0 Dryopidae 2 Staphylinidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 1

Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 0 Sialidae 2 Corydalidae 23 Corydalidae 1 Corixidae 16 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 7 Cambaridae 3 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 2 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 1 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 232 Chironomidae 2 Tabanidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 9 Tipulidae 26 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 2 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 1 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 0 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 26 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 7 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Asellidae 1 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 1 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

64 Appendix D. continued

Monday Cr. 0090 Monday Cr. 0095 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 23 Hydropsychidae 72 Philopotamidae 0 Philopotamidae 2 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Polycentropodidae 2 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 8 Phryganeidae 11 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 1 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 28 Calopterygidae 4 Coenagrionidae 1 Coenagrionidae 0 Elmidae 15 Elmidae 8 Dryopidae 0 Dryopidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 1 Hydrophilidae 2 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

65 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 3 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 15 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 4 Sialidae 2 Corydalidae 19 Corydalidae 8 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 2 Veliidae 1 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 5 Cambaridae 10 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 25 Chironomidae 1 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 2 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 10 Tipulidae 16 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 0 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 1 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

66 Appendix D. continued

Monday Cr. 103 Monday Cr. 148 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 1 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 1 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 1 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 1 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 7 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 157 Hydropsychidae 1 Philopotamidae 17 Philopotamidae 0 Limneplilidae 1 Limneplilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 2 Phryganeidae 27 Aeshnidae 7 Aeshnidae 0 Gomphidae 2 Gomphidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 13 Calopterygidae 3 Coenagrionidae 21 Coenagrionidae 0 Elmidae 38 Elmidae 5 Dryopidae 7 Dryopidae 5 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

67 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 3 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 0 Sialidae 7 Corydalidae 11 Corydalidae 4 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 1 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 1 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 4 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 2 Cambaridae 0 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 1 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 5 Chironomidae 2 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 26 Tipulidae 2 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 1 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 1 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

68 Appendix D. continued

Monday Cr. 151 Monday Cr. 153 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 2 Baetidae 1 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 3 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 1 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 2 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 1 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 87 Hydropsychidae 231 Philopotamidae 18 Philopotamidae 14 Limneplilidae 1 Limneplilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Phryganeidae 1 Rhyacophilidae 0 Aeshnidae 1 Phryganeidae 0 Gomphidae 3 Aeshnidae 1 Libellulidae 0 Gomphidae 5 Corduliidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduliidae 0 Calopterygidae 5 Corduligastridae 0 Coenagrionidae 3 Calopterygidae 7 Elmidae 22 Coenagrionidae 5 Dryopidae 3 Elmidae 4 Psephenidae 0 Dryopidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 2

69 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 3 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 3 Sialidae 2 Corydalidae 8 Corydalidae 23 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 1 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 5 Cambaridae 8 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 7 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 38 Chironomidae 1 Ephydridae 0 Tabanidae 0 Empididae 3 Ephydridae 0 Tipulidae 25 Empididae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Tipulidae 9 Planorbidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Physidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Physidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Unionidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Polychaeta 0 Unionidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Talitridae 0 Asellidae 0 Gammaridae 0 Talitridae 1 Hirudinea 0 Gammaridae 0 Isotomidae 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0

70 Appendix D. continued

Nancy Run Paw Paw Cr. Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 1 Nemertinea 1 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 1 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 43 Isonychiidae 70 Isonychiidae 6 Heptageniidae 196 Heptageniidae 102 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 1 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 12 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 1 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 45 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 51 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 4 Perlidae 5 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 7 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 48 Hydropsychidae 46 Philopotamidae 284 Philopotamidae 76 Limneplilidae 2 Limneplilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Uenoidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 10 Phryganeidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Aeshnidae 4 Phryganeidae 0 Gomphidae 6 Aeshnidae 4 Libellulidae 0 Gomphidae 1 Corduliidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduliidae 0 Calopterygidae 1 Corduligastridae 0 Coenagrionidae 8 Calopterygidae 2 Elmidae 247 Coenagrionidae 0 Dryopidae 73 Elmidae 37 Psephenidae 51 Dryopidae 1 Hydrophilidae 3 Psephenidae 0 Staphylinidae 1 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 1

71 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 1 Sialidae 0 Corydalidae 2 Corydalidae 3 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 2 Cambaridae 1 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 2 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 1 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 6 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 2 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 1 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 7 Chironomidae 45 Ephydridae 0 Tabanidae 5 Empididae 0 Ephydridae 0 Tipulidae 22 Empididae 0 Corbiculidae 1 Tipulidae 32 Planorbidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Physidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Physidae 2 Hydrobiidae 0 Ancylidae 2 Lymnaeidae 0 Hydrobiidae 6 Pleuroceridae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Unionidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Polychaeta 0 Unionidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Oligochaeta 18 Talitridae 0 Asellidae 0 Gammaridae 0 Talitridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Gammaridae 0 Isotomidae 0 Hirudinea 1 Isotomidae 4

72 Appendix D. continued

Queer Cr. Raccoon Cr. 82.3 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 1 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 1 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 1 Baetidae 2 Baetidae 3 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 1 Isonychiidae 143 Isonychiidae 2 Heptageniidae 232 Heptageniidae 4 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 17 Leptophlebiidae 2 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 4 Leuctridae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Perlidae 8 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlidae 0 Capniidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Leptoceridae 1 Capniidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Leptoceridae 6 Helicopsychidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Hydropsychidae 647 Brachycentridae 0 Philopotamidae 791 Hydropsychidae 79 Limneplilidae 1 Philopotamidae 34 Polycentropodidae 1 Limneplilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Aeshnidae 1 Rhyacophilidae 0 Gomphidae 2 Phryganeidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Aeshnidae 3 Corduliidae 0 Gomphidae 8 Corduligastridae 0 Libellulidae 0 Calopterygidae 4 Corduliidae 0 Coenagrionidae 2 Corduligastridae 1 Elmidae 21 Calopterygidae 6 Dryopidae 107 Coenagrionidae 7 Psephenidae 1 Elmidae 4 Hydrophilidae 1 Dryopidae 2 Staphylinidae 2 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 15 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 1 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 1 Sialidae 0 Corydalidae 23 Corydalidae 1 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 2 Veliidae 1 Gerridae 1 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 4 Cambaridae 9 Hydracarina 2 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 2 Simuliidae 6 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 7 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 197 Chironomidae 68 Tabanidae 14 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 1 Empididae 2 Empididae 6 Tipulidae 27 Tipulidae 39 Corbiculidae 3 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 5 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 2 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

74 Appendix D. continued

Rocky Fork Shade River Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 1 Porifera 1 Nemertinea 1 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 1 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 39 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 7 Caenidae 2 Isonychiidae 22 Isonychiidae 12 Heptageniidae 71 Heptageniidae 22 Ephemeridae 2 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 5 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Perlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlidae 0 Capniidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Capniidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Leptoceridae 4 Helicopsychidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Hydropsychidae 117 Brachycentridae 0 Philopotamidae 53 Hydropsychidae 15 Limneplilidae 0 Philopotamidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Limneplilidae 1 Rhyacophilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Aeshnidae 4 Rhyacophilidae 0 Gomphidae 2 Phryganeidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Aeshnidae 2 Corduliidae 1 Gomphidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Libellulidae 0 Calopterygidae 1 Corduliidae 2 Coenagrionidae 33 Corduligastridae 0 Elmidae 146 Calopterygidae 4 Dryopidae 4 Coenagrionidae 11 Psephenidae 200 Elmidae 43 Hydrophilidae 1 Dryopidae 6 Staphylinidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 4 Gyrinidae 1 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 0 Sialidae 3 Corydalidae 25 Corydalidae 0 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 2 Veliidae 4 Gerridae 6 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 2 Cambaridae 8 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 1 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 1 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 1 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 34 Chironomidae 26 Tabanidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 2 Empididae 2 Tipulidae 4 Tipulidae 3 Corbiculidae 5 Corbiculidae 14 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 5 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 0 Physidae 2 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 22 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 1 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

76 Appendix D. continued

Storms Cr. Sunday Cr. 071 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 1 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 2 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 3 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 6 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 32 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 57 Heptageniidae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 42 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 1 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 1 Leptoceridae 1 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 28 Hydropsychidae 0 Philopotamidae 4 Philopotamidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Phryganeidae 1 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Gomphidae 55 Gomphidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 1 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 2 Calopterygidae 0 Coenagrionidae 16 Coenagrionidae 0 Elmidae 9 Elmidae 1 Dryopidae 0 Dryopidae 0 Psephenidae 1 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 1 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

77 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Curculionidae 1 Haliplidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Sialidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Corydalidae 0 Sialidae 0 Corixidae 0 Corydalidae 0 Saldidae 0 Corixidae 0 Veliidae 0 Saldidae 0 Gerridae 0 Veliidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Gerridae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Cambaridae 1 Belostomatidae 0 Hydracarina 0 Cambaridae 0 Culicidae 2 Hydracarina 0 Simuliidae 1 Culicidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Athericidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Athericidae 0 Dixidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dixidae 0 Chironomidae 54 Dolichopodidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Chironomidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Tabanidae 0 Empididae 0 Ephydridae 0 Tipulidae 45 Empididae 0 Corbiculidae 15 Tipulidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Physidae 3 Sphaeriidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Physidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Unionidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Polychaeta 0 Unionidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Talitridae 0 Asellidae 0 Gammaridae 0 Talitridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Gammaridae 0 Isotomidae 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0

78 Appendix D. continued

Sunday Cr. 073 Sunday Cr. 076 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 8 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 2 Lumbriculidae 2 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 10 Heptageniidae 2 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 3 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 1 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 13 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 1 Hydropsychidae 210 Philopotamidae 1 Philopotamidae 1 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 1 Polycentropodidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Phryganeidae 2 Rhyacophilidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Phryganeidae 1 Gomphidae 0 Aeshnidae 4 Libellulidae 0 Gomphidae 2 Corduliidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduliidae 1 Calopterygidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Coenagrionidae 0 Calopterygidae 21 Elmidae 4 Coenagrionidae 9 Dryopidae 1 Elmidae 137 Psephenidae 0 Dryopidae 4 Hydrophilidae 1 Psephenidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Hydrophilidae 1 Staphylinidae 0

79 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 1 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 0 Sialidae 3 Corydalidae 2 Corydalidae 0 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 14 Cambaridae 1 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 20 Chironomidae 9 Ephydridae 0 Tabanidae 0 Empididae 2 Ephydridae 0 Tipulidae 3 Empididae 0 Corbiculidae 11 Tipulidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Physidae 1 Sphaeriidae 0 Ancylidae 1 Physidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Unionidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Polychaeta 0 Unionidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Asellidae 1 Oligochaeta 0 Talitridae 0 Asellidae 0 Gammaridae 0 Talitridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Gammaridae 0 Isotomidae 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0

80 Appendix D. continued

Sunday Cr.079 Sunday Cr. 080 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 26 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 3 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 1 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 2 Leuctridae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 18 Hydropsychidae 0 Philopotamidae 1 Philopotamidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Phryganeidae 1 Aeshnidae 1 Aeshnidae 0 Gomphidae 1 Gomphidae 1 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 6 Calopterygidae 0 Coenagrionidae 6 Coenagrionidae 1 Elmidae 30 Elmidae 1 Dryopidae 3 Dryopidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 2 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

81 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 0 Sialidae 0 Corydalidae 1 Corydalidae 0 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 1 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 11 Cambaridae 0 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 1 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 2 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 0 Chironomidae 3 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 1 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 18 Tipulidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 1 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 3 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

82 Appendix D. continued

Sunday Cr. 25.6 Sunfish Cr. Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 1 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 1 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 4 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 13 Caenidae 41 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 99 Heptageniidae 7 Heptageniidae 74 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 1 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 1 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 2 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Perlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlidae 1 Capniidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Leptoceridae 3 Capniidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Leptoceridae 4 Helicopsychidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Helicopsychidae 13 Hydropsychidae 8 Brachycentridae 0 Philopotamidae 3 Hydropsychidae 63 Limnephilidae 1 Philopotamidae 195 Polycentropodidae 2 Limneplilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Phryganeidae 4 Polycentropodidae 0 Aeshnidae 1 Rhyacophilidae 0 Gomphidae 3 Phryganeidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Gomphidae 1 Corduligastridae 1 Libellulidae 0 Calopterygidae 6 Corduliidae 0 Coenagrionidae 4 Corduligastridae 0 Elmidae 37 Calopterygidae 1 Dryopidae 35 Coenagrionidae 7 Psephenidae 4 Elmidae 24 Hydrophilidae 2 Dryopidae 9 Staphylinidae 0 Psephenidae 38 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 2

Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 2 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 1 Gyrinidae 7 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 5 Sialidae 0 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 12 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 1 Mesoveliidae 1 Gerridae 0 Veliidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Gerridae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Cambaridae 5 Belostomatidae 0 Hydracarina 0 Cambaridae 1 Culicidae 0 Hydracarina 0 Simuliidae 0 Culicidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Simuliidae 4 Stratiomyiidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Athericidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 1 Athericidae 0 Dixidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dixidae 0 Chironomidae 30 Dolichopodidae 0 Tabanidae 2 Chironomidae 52 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 1 Empididae 2 Tipulidae 11 Tipulidae 5 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 1 Physidae 1 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0 Collembola 4 Psocoptera 1

84 Appendix D. continued

Sycamore Hollow Dst. Essex Trail Run Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 1 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 12 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 2 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 2 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 3 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 19 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 35 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 1 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 5 Hydropsychidae 229 Philopotamidae 0 Philopotamidae 244 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 2 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 3 Phryganeidae 1 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 7 Gomphidae 1 Gomphidae 1 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 1 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 0 Calopterygidae 10 Coenagrionidae 0 Coenagrionidae 9 Elmidae 3 Elmidae 37 Dryopidae 9 Dryopidae 2 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 1

85 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 1 Curculionidae 2 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 0 Sialidae 1 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 1 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 0 Cambaridae 0 Hydracarina 1 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 5 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 1 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 6 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 1 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 56 Chironomidae 1 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 17 Tipulidae 1 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 4 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 1 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 1 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 1

86 Appendix D. continued

W. Br. Sunday Cr. WB002 W. Br. Sunday Cr. WB003 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 1 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 3 Leptoceridae 1 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 0 Hydropsychidae 0 Philopotamidae 0 Philopotamidae 0 Limneplilidae 4 Limneplilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 1 Polycentropodidae 1 Polycentropodidae 4 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Phryganeidae 4 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 1 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 15 Calopterygidae 1 Coenagrionidae 1 Coenagrionidae 1 Elmidae 1 Elmidae 0 Dryopidae 2 Dryopidae 3 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 1 Hydrophilidae 3 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

87 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 1 Dytiscidae 5 Gyrinidae 2 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 3 Sialidae 2 Sialidae 19 Corydalidae 1 Corydalidae 2 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 2 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 1 Gerridae 1 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 1 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 2 Cambaridae 0 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 1 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 2 Chironomidae 18 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 2 Tipulidae 1 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 0 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0 Isotomidae 0

88 Appendix D. continued

W. Br. Sunday Cr. WB004 W. Br. Sunday Cr. WB051 Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 1 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 2 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 0 Hydropsychidae 0 Philopotamidae 0 Philopotamidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Phryganeidae 8 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 1 Gomphidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Libellulidae 1 Libellulidae 1 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 0 Calopterygidae 0 Coenagrionidae 0 Coenagrionidae 1 Elmidae 0 Elmidae 2 Dryopidae 0 Dryopidae 2 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

89 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 2 Dytiscidae 17 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 4 Sialidae 3 Sialidae 25 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 1 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 0 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 0 Cambaridae 0 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Tabanidae 3 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 1 Athericidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 5 Chironomidae 80 Ephydridae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 0 Tipulidae 1 Corbiculidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Planorbidae 1 Sphaeriidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Physidae 0 Physidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 0 Unionidae 0 Polychaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Oligochaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 1 Isotomidae 0

90 Appendix D. continued

W. Br. Sunday Cr. WBHW003 Wakatomika Cr. Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 6 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 2 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 1 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 0 Baetidae 10 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 46 Isonychiidae 0 Isonychiidae 85 Heptageniidae 0 Heptageniidae 287 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 59 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 55 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 4 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 1 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 1 Taeniopterygidae 0 Taeniopterygidae 11 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 3 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Helicopsychidae 9 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 0 Hydropsychidae 119 Philopotamidae 0 Philopotamidae 114 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Uenoidae 0 Uenoidae 2 Polycentropodidae 1 Polycentropodidae 6 Rhyacophilidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 8 Phryganeidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Aeshnidae 18 Gomphidae 0 Gomphidae 1 Libellulidae 1 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 0 Calopterygidae 19 Coenagrionidae 3 Coenagrionidae 8 Elmidae 0 Elmidae 89 Dryopidae 0 Dryopidae 19 Psephenidae 0 Psephenidae 14 Hydrophilidae 0 Hydrophilidae 1 Staphylinidae 0 Staphylinidae 0

91 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 7 Dytiscidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 5 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 3 Sialidae 0 Corydalidae 1 Corydalidae 19 Corixidae 0 Sisyridae 7 Saldidae 0 Corixidae 0 Veliidae 0 Saldidae 0 Gerridae 0 Veliidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Gerridae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Cambaridae 5 Belostomatidae 0 Hydracarina 0 Cambaridae 5 Culicidae 0 Hydracarina 9 Simuliidae 0 Culicidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Simuliidae 7 Stratiomyiidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Athericidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 1 Athericidae 0 Dixidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dixidae 0 Chironomidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Chironomidae 31 Empididae 0 Ephydridae 0 Tipulidae 0 Empididae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Tipulidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Physidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Physidae 0 Hydrobiidae 1 Ancylidae 6 Lymnaeidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Unionidae 0 Pleuroceridae 34 Polychaeta 0 Unionidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Polychaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Talitridae 0 Asellidae 0 Gammaridae 0 Talitridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Gammaridae 0 Isotomidae 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0

92 Appendix D. continued

White Eyes Cr. Williams Cr. Abundance Abundance Taxon (n) Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Nemertinea 2 Lumbriculidae 0 Lumbriculidae 5 Turbellaria 0 Turbellaria 6 Tubificidae 0 Tubificidae 0 Baetidae 4 Baetidae 23 Caenidae 0 Caenidae 97 Isonychiidae 7 Isonychiidae 197 Heptageniidae 14 Heptageniidae 156 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemeridae 4 Ephemerellidae 0 Ephemerellidae 1 Baetiscidae 0 Baetiscidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 0 Leptophlebiidae 2 Plecoptera 0 Plecoptera 2 Tricorythidae 0 Tricorythidae 0 Leuctridae 0 Leuctridae 17 Taeniopterygidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 11 Perlidae 0 Perlodidae 21 Perlodidae 5 Capniidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 5 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 1207 Hydropsychidae 100 Philopotamidae 701 Philopotamidae 4 Limneplilidae 0 Limneplilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 1 Uenoidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Polycentropodidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Aeshnidae 4 Phryganeidae 0 Gomphidae 1 Aeshnidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Gomphidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Libellulidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Corduliidae 0 Calopterygidae 12 Corduligastridae 0 Coenagrionidae 0 Calopterygidae 4 Elmidae 166 Coenagrionidae 8 Dryopidae 1 Elmidae 4 Psephenidae 112 Dryopidae 0 Hydrophilidae 0 Psephenidae 0 Staphylinidae 0 Hydrophilidae 1 Staphylinidae 0

93 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 0 Dytiscidae 2 Gyrinidae 0 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 2 Sialidae 2 Corydalidae 0 Corydalidae 6 Corixidae 0 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 0 Veliidae 2 Gerridae 0 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 1 Cambaridae 3 Hydracarina 0 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 5 Simuliidae 9 Tabanidae 1 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 1 Athericidae 1 Athericidae 88 Ceratopogonidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 1 Dixidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 137 Chironomidae 59 Ephydridae 0 Tabanidae 3 Empididae 0 Ephydridae 0 Tipulidae 4 Empididae 2 Corbiculidae 0 Tipulidae 19 Planorbidae 0 Corbiculidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Planorbidae 0 Physidae 0 Sphaeriidae 0 Ancylidae 0 Physidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Ancylidae 1 Lymnaeidae 0 Hydrobiidae 1 Pleuroceridae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Unionidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Polychaeta 0 Unionidae 0 Oligochaeta 13 Polychaeta 0 Asellidae 0 Oligochaeta 0 Talitridae 1 Asellidae 0 Gammaridae 0 Talitridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Gammaridae 1 Isotomidae 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0

94 Appendix D. continued

Witten Fork Abundance Taxon (n) Porifera 0 Nemertinea 0 Lumbriculidae 0 Turbellaria 0 Tubificidae 6 Baetidae 0 Caenidae 93 Isonychiidae 11 Heptageniidae 73 Ephemeridae 0 Ephemerellidae 0 Baetiscidae 13 Leptophlebiidae 0 Plecoptera 0 Tricorythidae 1 Leuctridae 0 Chloroperlidae 0 Perlidae 1 Perlodidae 0 Capniidae 0 Leptoceridae 0 Hydroptilidae 0 Helicopsychidae 0 Brachycentridae 0 Hydropsychidae 131 Philopotamidae 168 Limneplilidae 2 Polycentropodidae 0 Rhyacophilidae 0 Phryganeidae 0 Aeshnidae 0 Gomphidae 1 Libellulidae 0 Corduliidae 0 Corduligastridae 0 Calopterygidae 2 Coenagrionidae 0 Elmidae 193 Dryopidae 32 Psephenidae 11 Hydrophilidae 2 Staphylinidae 0

95 Appendix D. continued

Dytiscidae 4 Gyrinidae 0 Haliplidae 0 Sialidae 3 Corydalidae 1 Corixidae 0 Saldidae 0 Veliidae 1 Gerridae 0 Notonectidae 0 Belostomatidae 0 Cambaridae 14 Hydracarina 0 Culicidae 0 Simuliidae 0 Tabanidae 0 Stratiomyiidae 0 Athericidae 0 Ceratopogonidae 0 Dixidae 0 Dolichopodidae 0 Chironomidae 94 Tabanidae 0 Ephydridae 0 Empididae 0 Tipulidae 57 Corbiculidae 4 Planorbidae 0 Sphaeriidae 4 Physidae 4 Ancylidae 0 Hydrobiidae 0 Lymnaeidae 0 Pleuroceridae 0 Unionidae 1 Polychaeta 0 Oligochaeta 1 Asellidae 0 Talitridae 0 Gammaridae 0 Hirudinea 0 Isotomidae 0