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Effects of Education on Political Perspectives in Haiti by Marie N Effects of Education on Political Perspectives in Haiti by Marie N. Puccio A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Political Science) in The University of Michigan 2017 Doctoral Committee: Professor Ronald F. Inglehart, Co-Chair Professor James D. Morrow, Co-Chair Associate Professor Karen M. Staller Assistant Professor Daniel Beers, James Madison University Marie N. Puccio [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6727-1847 © Marie N. Puccio 2017 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my parents, Anya and John Puccio. ii Acknowledgements First, I would like to acknowledge the mentoring that each member of my committee has given me during my time at the University of Michigan. Their guidance has shaped me as a scholar and has inspired me to do my best. My family has also been instrumental in encouraging me. This dissertation would not have been possible without the constant support of my parents, Anya and John Puccio, and my siblings, Elena and Andrew. I would also like to acknowledge the help I received at the Consulting for Statistics, Computing & Analytics Research (CSCAR) office. I’ve worked with, quite possibly, every staff member of the drop-in center. For their patience, I am truly appreciative. I would also like to acknowledge the role that the students at Enstiti Travay Sosyal ak Syans Sosyal have played in shaping my thinking on the topic of Haitian education. In particular, I would like to thank Francillon Enock, Dorvilier Vildens, Jean Jeef Nelson, and Stephana Lorwinsky for their support in my teaching and research. Two particular individuals have played a major role in helping me shape the ideas in this dissertation. Both Alison Joersz and Athena Kolbe know more about Haiti than any other scholar of Haitian studies I have ever met. Consulting with both of them made this dissertation much stronger than it would have been otherwise. iii Table of Contents Dedication ....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Appendices ......................................................................................................................... ix List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... x Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Motivation for Project ................................................................................................................. 3 Research Questions and Hypotheses ........................................................................................... 4 Dissertation Outline .................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8 How Decisions are Made ............................................................................................................ 9 Political Socialization ................................................................................................................. 9 Education and Political Views .................................................................................................. 17 Changes in Specific Values ....................................................................................................... 19 Using Higher Education as a Tool for Value Change ............................................................... 20 Developing vs. Developed Countries ........................................................................................ 21 Cultural and Democratic Preferences ....................................................................................... 24 Working Class Authoritarianism .............................................................................................. 26 The Effect of Higher Education ................................................................................................ 41 Classical versus Professional Education ................................................................................... 42 Education and Value Change Internationally ........................................................................... 44 iv Chapter 3: The Haitian Context .................................................................................................... 67 Political History and Transition to Democracy ......................................................................... 68 Haiti as a Nascent Democracy .................................................................................................. 73 Development and the Parallel State of NGOs ........................................................................... 76 Educational System and Impact on Development .................................................................... 77 The Formal Haitian Educational System .................................................................................. 81 Student Movements ................................................................................................................... 83 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 84 Chapter 4: Qualitative Component ............................................................................................... 88 Qualitative Methodology .......................................................................................................... 88 Qualitative Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 99 Findings ................................................................................................................................... 102 Chapter 5: Sampling Methodology and Fielding of the World Values Survey .......................... 115 World Values Survey ............................................................................................................. 115 Population ............................................................................................................................... 116 Sampling Method .................................................................................................................... 116 Description of the Sample ....................................................................................................... 118 Data Collection Procedures and Timeline .............................................................................. 118 Description of the Data ........................................................................................................... 120 Chapter 6: Quantitative Analysis ................................................................................................ 126 Approaches to Democratic Values .......................................................................................... 126 Cultural Values of Self-Expression versus Survival ............................................................... 137 Chapter 7: Implications and Conclusion .................................................................................... 182 Review of the Findings ........................................................................................................... 182 Implications for Democratizing Countries .............................................................................. 186 Implications for Policy Formation and Funding at the International Level ............................ 188 Empirical Considerations and Limitations .............................................................................. 188 The Road Not Traveled: Survey Questionnaire Sampling Limitations .................................. 191 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 198 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................... 253 v List of Tables Table 1. Comprehensive list of survival values (Inglehart and Welzel, 2005) ............................. 29 Table 2: Germany: Levels of education (age left school) ............................................................. 45 Table 3: Britain: Levels of education (age left school) ................................................................. 45 Table 4: The Netherlands: Levels of education (age left school) ................................................. 46
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