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Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville

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Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville https://archive.org/details/b21960239 MARY SOMERVILLE : PEESOML EECOILECTIONS, FEOM EARLY LIFE TO OLD AGE, OF MAEY SOMEEVILLE. WITH Selections from ijcr OIoiTCSponlience, BY HER DAUGHTER, MARTHA SOMERVILLE. LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1873. WORKS BY MRS. SOMERVILLE. THE MECHANISM OF THE HEAVENS. Svo. 1831. THE CONNECTION OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES. 9l7i Edition. Post Svo. 9s. 1858. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 6i!7i. Eclilion. Post Svo. 9s. 1870. MOLECULAR AND MICROSCOPIC SCIENCE. 2 vols. Post Svo. 21s. 1869. — CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAOE INTRODUCTION—PARENTAGE — LIFE IN SCOTLAND IN THE LAST CENTURY—EARLY EDUCATION—SCHOOL 1 CHAPTER n. FREEDOM —RELIGIOUS EDUCATION—JEDBURGH . , . , 24 CHAPTER III. EDINBURGH— YOUTHPUL STUDIES AND AMUSEMENTS—POLITICS THE THEATRES OF THE TIME . .41 CHAPTER IV. EDINBURGH SUPPER PARTIES—TOUR IN THE HIGHLANDS—MUTINY IN THE FLEET—BATTLE OF CAMPERDOWN (Jl ' CHAPTER V. FIRST lVURRIi\GE (1804)—WIDOWHOOD—STUDIES—SECOND MAR- RIAGE t , CHAPTER VI. SOMERVILLE FAMILY—DR. SOMERVILLE'S CHARACTER—LETTERS JOURNEY TO THE LAKES—DEATH OF SIR AVILLIAM FAIRFAX REMINISCENCES OF SIR WALTER SCOTT S.'i — iv Contents. CHAPTEE vn. PAGE LIFE IN HANOVER SQUARE—VISIT TO FRANCE—ARAGO—CUVIEE— ROME CHAPTEE VIII. EDUCATION OF DAUGHTERS-DR. WOLLASTON—DR. YOUNG—THE HERSCHELS 127 CHAPTEE IX. SOCIETY IN LONDON—CORONATION OF GEORGE IV, —LETTER TO DR. SOMERVTLLE 140 CHAPTEE X. » . * • DEATH OF MARGARET SDMERVILLE—LETTER FROM MRS. SOMER- VILLE TO THE REV. DR. SOMERVILLE—LIFE AT CHELSEA THE NAPIERS—MARIA EDGEWORTH—TOUR IN GERMANY . 152 CHAPTEE XI. LETTER FROM LORD BROUGHAM—WRITES "MECHANISM OF THE heavens" —ANECDOTE OF THE ROMAN IMPROVISATRICE — LETTERS FROM SIR JOHN HERSCHEL AND PROFESSOR ATOEWTILL —ELECTED HON. MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOtlE'TY —^NOTICE IN THE ACADEMIE DES 'SCIENCES, AND LETTER FROM M. BIOT—PENSION—LETTER FROM SIR ROBERT PEEL — BEGINS TO WRITE ON THE CONNECTION OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES — VISIT TO CAMBRIDGE — LETTERS FROM PROFESSOR SEDGWICK AND LAPLACE 161 CHAPTEE XII. PARIS—ARAGO, LAFAYETTE, MM. BOUVARD, POTSSON, LACKOIX, &C., MARQUISE DE LAPLACE, DUPIN, F. COOPER— LEGITIMISTE SOCIETY — MAJENDIE—VISIT BARON LOUIS — LETTER FROM ——— Contents. V CHAPTER Xin. PAGE EETtJEN TO ENGLAND—LETTER FROM HALLAM—TREATISE ON THE FORM AND ROTATION OF THE EARTH AND PLANETS—SECOND EDITION 01' "THE CONNEXION OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES" —LETTERS FROM MARIA EDGEWORTH, MISS BERRY, LORD BROUGHAM, MRS. MARCET, ADMIRAL SMYTH—DOUBLE STARS —ECLIPSE OF DOUBLE STARS—LETTER FROM ADMIRAL SMYTH — SIR WILLIAM HERSCHEL — NEBULA — LETTER FROM LORD ROSSE — LETTER FROM SIR JOHN HERSCHEL — SIR JAMES SOUTH's OBSERVATORY—MR. JOHN MURRAY— MISS BERRY LORD DUDLEY—MR. BOWDITCH AND OTHER DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS — MRS. BROWNING WASHINGTON — LETTER FROM THE REV. DR. TUCKERMAN—SIR WILLIAM FAIRFAX ATTACKED ' BY HIGHWAYMEN . 198 CHAPTER XIY. liOME, NAPLES, AND COMO — BADEN — WINTER AT FLORENCE .SIENA—LETTER FROM LORD BROUGHAM—MR. MOUNTSTEWART ELPHINSTONE— LIFE AT ROME—CAMPAGNA CATTLE . 230 CHAPTER XV. ALBANO—POPULAR SINGING LETTERS FROM MRS. SOMERVILLE GIBSON —PERUGIA — COMET OF 1843 —SUMMER AT VENICE LETTERS FROM MRS. SOMERVILLE AND MISS JOANNA BAILLIE —ELECTED ASSOCIATE OF THE COLLEGE OF RESURGENTI AND R. 1. ACADEMY OP SCIENCE AT AREZZO 243 CHAPTER XVI. PUBLISHES "physical GEOGRAPHY"—LETTER FROM HUMBOLDT CHRISTMAS AT COLLINGWOOD—LETTER FROM MRS. SOMERVILLE — FARADAY — LETTER FROM FARADAY — KEITH JOHNSTON'S MAPS^WINTER AT MUNICH—SALZBURG—LAKE OF GARDA MINTSCALCHI—POEM BY CATERINA BRENZONI—LETTER FROM BRENZONI — LETTER FROM MRS. SOMERVILLE — ELOGE BY MIN ISCALCHI— WINTER AT TURIN—BARON PLANA—CAMILLO CAVOUR — COLLINE NEAR TURIN — GENOA — TERESA DOVIA FLORENCE — MISS F.' P. COBBE —VIVISECTION — EXCURSIONS IN — — vi Contents. PAGE THE NEIGHBOURHOOD — CHOLERA — MISERICOEDIA— PIO NONO IN TUSCANY — COMET — TUSCAN REVOLUTION —WAR IN LOM- BABDY — ENTRY OF VICTOR EMMANUEL INTO FLORENCE — LETTERS FROM MRS. SOMERVILLE — MY FATHER'S DEATH LETTER FROM MISS COBBE 286 CHAPTEE XVII. SPEZIA—GENOA—BEGINS MOLECULAR AND MICROSCOPIC SCIENCE TURIN—SPEZIA—BRITISH FLEET—LETTERS FROM MRS. SOMER- VILLE — GARIBALDI — SEVERE ILLNESS — FLORENCE — MY brother's death—NAPLES—ERUPTION OF VESU^aUS—J. S. MILL—CHANGE IN PUBLIC OPINION ON WOMEN'S EDUCATION EIGHTY -NINTH YEAR — DESCRIBES HER OWN CHARACTER — THOUGHTS ON A FUTURE LIFE—PROGRESS IN KNOWLEDGE OF GEOGRAPHY—VICTORIA MEDAL— MEDAL FROM ROYAL ITALIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY — LETTER FROM MENEBREA—ROME, CAPITAL OP ITALY—AURORA BOREALIS 329 CHAPTEE XVm. ECLIPSE—VISITS OF SCIENTIFIC MEN—LIFE AT NAPLES DARWIN's BOOKS—REMARKS ON CIVILIZATION—FINE AURORA BOREALIS —DEATH OF HERSCHEL —SUMMER AT SORRENTO—BILL FOR PROTECTION OF ANIMALS — NINETY-SECOND YEAR — LETTER FROM PROFESSOR SEDGWICK—GRAND ERUPTION OF VESUVIUS —LAST SUMMER AT SORRENTO, PLANTS FOUND THERE—CON- CLUSION 354 PEESONAL EECOLLECTIONS OF MAEY SOMEKVILLE CHAPTER I. IXTKODgCTION—PARENTAOE—LIFE IN SCOTLAND IN THE LAST CENTURY —EARLY EDUCATION— SCHOOL. The life of a woman entirely devoted to her family duties and to scientific pm'suits affords little scope for a biography. There are in it neither stirring events nor brilliant deeds to record ; and as my Mother was strongly aver,se to gossip, and to revelations of private life or of intimate correspondence, nothing of the land will be found in the following pages. It has been only after very great hesitation, and on the recommendation of valued friends, who thualv that some account of so remarkable and beautiful a character cannot fail to interest the public, that I have resolved to publish some detached EecoUec- tions of past times, noted down by my mother during the last years of her life, together with a few letters from eminent men and women, referring almost exclusively to her scientific works. A still smaller number of her own letters liave been added, either as illustrating her — 2 Mary Somerville. opinions on events slie witnessed, or else as affording some slight idea of her simple and loving disposition. Few thoughtful minds will read without emotion m}-- mother's own account of the wonderful energy and in- domitable perseverance by which, in her ardent thirst for laiowledge, she overcame obstacles apparently insur- mountable, at a time when women were well-nigh totallj^ debarred from education ; and the almost intuitive waj'^ in which she entered upon studies of which she had scai'cely heard the names, living, as she did, among persons to whom they were utterly unknown, and who disapproved of her devotion to pursuits so different from those of ordinary young girls at the end of the last centmy, especially in Scotland, which was far more old-fashioned and primitive than England. Nor is her simple account of her early days without interest, when, as a lonely child, she wandered by the seashore, and on the links of Burntisland, collecting shells and flowers ; or spent the clear, cold nights at her window, watching the starlit heavens, whose mysteries she was destined one day to penetrate in all their pro- found and sublime laws, making clear to others that knowledge which she herseK had acquii-ed, at the cost of so hard a struggle. It was not only in her childhood and youth that my mother's studies encountered disapproval. Not till she became a widow, had she perfect freedom to pui-sue them. The fii-st person—indeed the only one in her early days who encoui-aged her passion for learning was her uncle by marriage, afterwards her father-in-law, the Eev. Dr. Somerville, minister of Jedburgh, a man very much in advance of liis centmy in liberality of thought on all subjects. He was one of the first to discern her rare Introduction. 3 qualities, and valued lier as she deserved ; while through life she retained the most grateful affection for him, and confided to him many doubts and difficulties on subjects of the highest importance. Nothing can be more eiToneous than the statement, repeated in several obituary notices of mj'^ mother, that Mr. Greig (her first husband) aided her in her mathematical and other pur- suits. Nearly the contrary was the case. Mr. Greig took no interest in science or hterature, and possessed in full the prejudice against learned women which was common at that time. Only on her marriage with my father, my mother at last met with one who entu-ely sjanpatliised with her, and warmly entered into aU. her ideas, encouraging her zeal for study to the utmost, and affording her everj^ facility for it in his power. His love and admiration for her were unbounded; he franldy and wilhngly aclaiowledged her superiority to himself, and many of our friends can bear witness to the honest pride and gratification which he always testified in the fame and honours she attained. No one can escape sorrow, and my mother, in the com'se of her long life, had her full share, but she bore it with that deep feeling of trust in the great goodness of God which formed so marked a feature m her cha- racter. She had a buoyant and hopeful spirit, and though her affections were very strong, and she felt keenly, it was ever her nature to turn from the shadows to all that is bright and beautiful in mortal life. She had much to make Hfe pleasant in the great honours universally bestowed upon her ; but she found far more in the de- voted affection of friends, to say nothing of those whose hapi^y lot it has been to live in close and loving inter- course with so noble and gentle a spirit. B 2 4 Mary Somerville. Slie met witli unbounded kindness from men of science of all countries, and most profound was her gi-atitude to them. Modest and unjiretending to excess, nothing could be more generous than the mifeigned delight she shewed in recognising the genius and discoveries of others; ever jealous of their fame, and never of her own. It is not uncommon to see persons who hold in j^outh opinions m advance of the age in which thej'- live, but wha at a certain period seem to crystallise, and lose the facultj^ of comprehending and accepting new ideas and theories ; thus remauiing at last as far behind, as thej^ were once in advance of public opinion.
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