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Dichanthium Queenslandicum (King Blue-Grass)

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Dichanthium Queenslandicum (King Blue-Grass) This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister on 30/01/2013. Approved Conservation Advice for Dichanthium queenslandicum (king blue-grass) (s266B of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) This Conservation Advice has been developed based on the best available information at the time this Conservation Advice was approved; this includes existing plans, records or management prescriptions for this species. Description Dichanthium queenslandicum (king blue-grass), family Poaceae, is a perennial grass growing to 80 cm tall. Its culms are solitary or rarely branched, erect, glabrous, smooth with a single groove, 4–5-noded with nodes prominently hairy. Leaf sheaths are hirsute with the hairs arising from wart-like projections. Inflorescences are single racemes of paired spikelets to 10 cm long. Sessile spikelets are bisexual, dorsally compressed, and straw-coloured to pale mauve. Pedicelled spikelets are male and straw-coloured to pale mauve (Sharp and Simon, 2002). Conservation Status King blue-grass is listed as endangered. This species is eligible for listing as endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth) (EPBC Act) as its geographic distribution is restricted and considered precarious for the survival of the species (TSSC 2011). King blue-grass is also listed as vulnerable under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992. Distribution and Habitat King blue-grass is endemic to central and southern Queensland where it occurs in three disjunct populations: 1) Hughenden district (one record); 2) from Nebo to Monto and west to Clermont and Rolleston; and 3) Dalby district, Darling Downs (Queensland Herbarium, 2009). Its extent of occurrence has reduced from 1100 km2 to 245 km2 (Accad et al. 2008). Its area of occupancy is unknown, but based on the extent of occurrence is likely to be restricted (Queensland Herbarium, 2009). King blue-grass occurs within the South Eastern Queensland, Brigalow Belt South, Brigalow Belt North, Central Mackay Coast, Desert Uplands, Mitchell Grass Downs and Einasleigh Uplands Bioregions; and the South East Queensland, Condamine, Border Rivers Maranoa- Balonne, Burnett Mary, Fitzroy, Burdekin, Mackay Whitsunday, Southern Gulf and Desert Channels Natural Resource Management Regions. The distribution of this species overlaps with the following EPBC Act-listed threatened ecological communities: • Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant); • Weeping Myall Woodlands; • Natural Grasslands on Basalt and Fine-textured Alluvial Plains of Northern New South Wales and southern Queensland; and • Natural Grasslands of the Queensland Central Highlands and the northern Fitzroy Basin. Threats The main identified threats to king blue-grass are loss of habitat through agricultural and mining activities, road construction and other infrastructure developments. Cultivation and crop production remains an ongoing and immediate threat to the extent of blue-grass grasslands and this species which is a component of these ecological communities (Butler, Dichanthium queenslandicum (king blue-grass) Approved Conservation Advice Page 1 of 3 This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister on 30/01/2013. 2007). Grazing is also a known threat to king blue-grass, as although it is known to be of good fodder value (Simon, 1982) this species cannot tolerate continual heavy stocking regimes (Fensham 1999). Invasion from weeds such as parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) is another known threat. The main potential threats to king blue-grass include further expansion of mining activities (Butler, 2007), and further weed invasion resulting in competition and potential displacement. Research Priorities Research priorities that would inform future regional and local priority actions include: • Design and implement a monitoring program or, if appropriate, support and enhance existing programs. • More precisely assess population size, distribution, ecological requirements and the relative impacts of threatening processes. • Undertake survey work in suitable habitat and potential habitat to locate any additional populations/occurrences/remnants. • Undertake seed germination and/or vegetative propagation trials to determine the requirements for successful establishment. • Identify optimal fire regimes for regeneration (vegetative regrowth and/or seed germination), and response to other prevailing fire regimes. • Establish the grazing threshold of the species to determine what grazing management practices are consistent with sustaining populations of this species. Priority Actions The following regional priority recovery and threat abatement actions can be done to support the recovery of king blue-grass. Habitat Loss, Disturbance and Modification • Monitor known populations to identify key threats. • Monitor the progress of recovery, including the effectiveness of management actions and the need to adapt them if necessary. • Identify populations of high conservation priority. • Ensure there is no disturbance in areas where king blue-grass occurs, excluding necessary actions to manage the conservation of the species/ecological community. • Investigate formal conservation arrangements, management agreements and covenants on private land, and for crown and private land investigate and/or secure inclusion in reserve tenure if possible. • Manage any other known, potential or emerging threats, including mining practices, grazing, weed invasion and climate change. Invasive Weeds • Develop and implement a management plan for king blue-grass for the control of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) in the region. • Ensure chemicals or other mechanisms used to eradicate weeds do not have a significant adverse impact on king blue-grass. Trampling, Browsing or Grazing • Develop and implement a stock management plan for roadside verges and travelling stock routes. Dichanthium queenslandicum (king blue-grass) Approved Conservation Advice Page 2 of 3 This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister on 30/01/2013. Conservation Information • Raise awareness of king blue-grass within the local community, for example distribute fact sheets/information brochures or conduct field days in conjunction with known industry or community interest groups. • Engage with private landholders and land managers responsible for the land on which populations occur and encourage these key stakeholders to contribute to the implementation of conservation management actions. • Enable recovery of additional sites and/or populations. • Undertake appropriate seed collection and storage. • Investigate options for linking, enhancing or establishing additional populations. • Implement national translocation protocols (Vallee et al., 2004) if establishing additional populations is considered necessary and feasible. Existing Plans/Management Prescriptions that are Relevant to the Species • Draft recovery plan for the ‘Bluegrass (Dichanthium spp.) dominant grassland of the Brigalow Belt Bioregions (north and south)’ endangered ecological community, 2007–2011 (Butler 2007). • A recovery plan is currently being prepared for the following ecological communities: - Natural grasslands on basalt and fine-textured alluvial plains of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland ecological community; and - Natural grasslands of the Queensland central highlands and the northern Fitzroy Basin ecological community. These prescriptions were current at the time of publishing; please refer to the relevant agency’s website for any updated versions. References cited in the advice Accad A, Neldner VJ, Wilson B and Niehus RE (2008). Remnant vegetation in Queensland: analysis of remnant vegetation 1997–1999–2000–2001–2003–2005, including regional ecosystem information. Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane. Butler DW (2007). Draft recovery plan for the ‘Bluegrass (Dichanthium spp.) dominant grassland of the Brigalow Belt Bioregions (north and south)’ endangered ecological community, 2007–2011. Report to Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Fensham RJ (1999). Native grasslands of the Central Highlands, Queensland, Australia. Floristics, regional context and conservation. Rangeland Journal 21: 82–103. Queensland Herbarium (2009). Specimen label information, viewed 3 December 2009. Sharp D and Simon BK (2002). AusGrass: Grasses of Australia. CD-ROM, Version 1.0 (Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, and Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland). Simon BK (1982). New species of Gramineae from south-eastern Queensland. Austrobaileya 1: 455–467. Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC) (2011). Listing advice for Dichanthium queenslandicum. Vallee L, Hogbin T, Monks L, Makinson B, Matthes M and Rossetto M (2004). Guidelines for the translocation of threatened plants in Australia – second edition. Australian Network for Plant Conservation, Canberra. Dichanthium queenslandicum (king blue-grass) Approved Conservation Advice Page 3 of 3 .
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