Contrasting Patterns of Nucleotide Substitution Rates Provide Insight Into Dynamic Evolution of Plastid and Mitochondrial Genomes of Geranium
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The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. -
D.1A Floral and Faunal Compendia
Appendix D.1a Floral and Faunal Compendia APPENDIX D.1a FLORAL AND FAUNAL COMPENDIA INTRODUCTION TO FLORAL AND FAUNAL SURVEY Expected site use by wildlife is derived from survey information combined with documented habitat preferences of regional wildlife species, which, whether or not recorded during the survey, are considered likely to include the project area within their range. Habitat designations used in this report are according to the classification system of Holland (1986). Floral taxonomy used in this report follows the Jepson Manual (Hickman 1993), with updates in accordance to the online Jepson Interchange where known. Common plant names, where not available from Munz (1974), are taken from Abrams (1923), Robbins, et al. (1951), Collins (1972), Niehaus and Ripper (1976) and Muns (1983). Vertebrates identified in the field by sight, calls, tracks, scat or other signs are cited according to the nomenclature of Jennings (1983) for amphibians and reptiles; AOU (1983) for birds; and Jones, et al. (1982) for mammals. Butterflies observed or collected in the field were identified with the help of Garth and Tilden (1986) and Tilden and Smith (1986). FLORAL COMPENDIUM1 LEGEND * Nonnative @ Ornamental/Landscape VASCULAR PLANTS CONIFERAE PINACEAE - PINE FAMILY * Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine ANGIOSPERMAE (DICOTYLEDONS) ANACARDIACEAE - SUMAC FAMILY Malosma laurina laurel sumac Rhus ovata sugar bush * Schinus molle Peruvian pepper-tree Toxicodendron diversilobum poison-oak APOCYNACEAE - DOGBANE FAMILY * Vinca major periwinkle * Nerium oleander oleander ASTERACEAE - SUNFLOWER FAMILY Baccharis pilularis coyote brush Baccharis salicifolia mulefat Helianthus gracilentus slender sunflower * Picris echioides bristly ox-tongue * Silybum marianum milk thistle * Sonchus asper prickly sow-thistle * Sonchus oleraceus common sow-thistle Stephanomeria virgata twiggy wreathplant BRASSICACEAE - MUSTARD FAMILY * Brassica nigra black mustard * Sisymbrium officinale hedge-mustard CAPRIFOLIACEAE - HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY Sambuccus. -
Some Botanical Highlights in the Gardens at the Moment
Some botanical highlights in the Gardens at the moment The numbers refer to the gardens as shown on your map. There is plenty of colour in the Garden this month but our flagship plants, which are at their very best, are the giant Echiums. You will notice them throughout the Garden but the best show is in the Mediterranean Garden (10). Our Echiums are endemic plants from Macronesia, the groups of islands in the north Atlantic off the coast of Europe and north Africa. Giant Echiums (Echium pinnianum) have impressive towering blue spires of flowers. They come from the Canary Islands where they grow in the native laurel forests and are endangered by habitat loss. There are many species of woody Echium on the Canaries, often confined to single islands or isolated mountain tops. At one time we grew many different species in the Garden but they have a tendency to hybridise with each other. The cold weather in March of this year killed off most of the tender species and we are left with a hybrid swarm of plants with flower colours varying from pale blue, bright blue, mauve and pink. Some are single stemmed and others form branched woody plants. This explains why, if you look closely, you will see a range of flower colour and growth form in the plants. Meanwhile, here are some other plants to look out for on your tour of the Garden. There is plenty of colour in the Garden at the moment. Just after passing through the Fig Pergola, if you turn right and walk to the commemorative seating area, you will find an unusual shrub in flower bearing yellow pom-pom flowers. -
The Down Rare Plant Register of Scarce & Threatened Vascular Plants
Vascular Plant Register County Down County Down Scarce, Rare & Extinct Vascular Plant Register and Checklist of Species Graham Day & Paul Hackney Record editor: Graham Day Authors of species accounts: Graham Day and Paul Hackney General editor: Julia Nunn 2008 These records have been selected from the database held by the Centre for Environmental Data and Recording at the Ulster Museum. The database comprises all known county Down records. The records that form the basis for this work were made by botanists, most of whom were amateur and some of whom were professional, employed by government departments or undertaking environmental impact assessments. This publication is intended to be of assistance to conservation and planning organisations and authorities, district and local councils and interested members of the public. Cover design by Fiona Maitland Cover photographs: Mourne Mountains from Murlough National Nature Reserve © Julia Nunn Hyoscyamus niger © Graham Day Spiranthes romanzoffiana © Graham Day Gentianella campestris © Graham Day MAGNI Publication no. 016 © National Museums & Galleries of Northern Ireland 1 Vascular Plant Register County Down 2 Vascular Plant Register County Down CONTENTS Preface 5 Introduction 7 Conservation legislation categories 7 The species accounts 10 Key to abbreviations used in the text and the records 11 Contact details 12 Acknowledgements 12 Species accounts for scarce, rare and extinct vascular plants 13 Casual species 161 Checklist of taxa from county Down 166 Publications relevant to the flora of county Down 180 Index 182 3 Vascular Plant Register County Down 4 Vascular Plant Register County Down PREFACE County Down is distinguished among Irish counties by its relatively diverse and interesting flora, as a consequence of its range of habitats and long coastline. -
Laurisilva of Madeira Portugal
LAURISILVA OF MADEIRA PORTUGAL The Laurisilva of Madeira is the largest surviving relict of a virtually extinct laurel forest type once widespread in Europe. It is still 90% primary forest and is a centre of plant diversity, containing a unique suite of rare and relict plants and animals, especially endemic bryophytes, ferns, vascular plants, animals such as the Madeiran long-toed pigeon and a very rich invertebrate fauna. COUNTRY Portugal NAME Laurisilva of Madeira NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITE 1999: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criteria ix and x. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE The UNESCO World Heritage Committee adopted the following Statement of Outstanding Universal Value at the time of inscription: Brief Synthesis The Laurisilva of Madeira, within the Parque Natural da Madeira (Madeira Natural Park) conserves the largest surviving area of primary laurel forest or "laurisilva", a vegetation type that is now confined to the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. These forests display a wealth of ecological niches, intact ecosystem processes, and play a predominant role in maintaining the hydrological balance on the Island of Madeira. The property has great importance for biodiversity conservation with at least 76 vascular plant species endemic to Madeira occurring in the property, together with a high number of endemic invertebrates and two endemic birds including the emblematic Madeiran Laurel Pigeon. Criterion (ix): The Laurisilva of Madeira is an outstanding relict of a previously widespread laurel forest type, which covered much of Southern Europe 15-40 million years ago. The forest of the property completely covers a series of very steep, V-shaped valleys leading from the plateau and east-west ridge in the centre of the island to the north coast. -
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Achilles Gerasimidis & Georgios Korakis Contribution to the study of the flora of Mount Mitsikeli, NW Greece Abstract Gerasimidis, A. & Korakis, G.: Contribution to the study of the flora of Mount Mitsikeli, NW Greece. — Fl. Medit. 19: 161-184. 2009. — ISSN 1120-4052. On Mount Mitsikeli, 448 plant taxa have been recorded, 169 of which are provided from bibli- ography. The overall taxa belong to 65 families and 239 genera. After having analyzed the life spectrum of the recorded taxa, it is evident that among the six life-form categories recorded, the Hemicryptophytes dominate with 45% while the Therophytes follow with 20%. Through the chorological analysis, several partial units of wide geographical distribution and many sub- units arise. Among them the Mediterranean floristic elements prevail with 34%, reflecting a rel- ative Mediterranean character of the local flora, whereas the Eurasiatic (29%) and the European (12%) follow. The area is quite important for regional endemism. In total 16% of the recorded taxa consist Balkan floristic elements and 15 taxa are Greek endemics. Key words: Mountain Flora, Greece, Natura 2000. Introduction Mitsikeli is a mountain of medium altitude that comprises a variety of plant communi- ties more or less modified by humans. Forest, scrub and grassland vegetation thrives in the mountain contributing to an increased biodiversity (Gerasimidis & Korakis 2005). This pattern along with diverse flora and fauna were the reasons for including the area in the Natura 2000 Network. During the implementation of the Natura 2000 inventory project a systematic recording of the flora was carried out. In this study we present and analyze floristic data collected from the field in addition to literature recordings. -
Worksheet-2B.Pdf
WHAT’S SO IMPORTANT ABOUT NAMES? Topics Covered: Classificaon and taxonomy Understanding the importance of Linnaeus’s contribuon to science Making and using keys What’s in a name? Giving something a name allows us to talk about it. Names are important not only for people, but also for the plants we culvate in our gardens. In the early days of botany (the 17th and early 18th centuries) plants were given long Lan phrases for names that described their parcular features. As more plants became known, names tended to become longer, and much more difficult to remember and use. Then, in the 18th century, a Swedish biologist named Carl Linnaeus developed and popularised a two‐name (binomial) system for all plant species—GENUS and SPECIES. His system is sll in use today. A useful definion GENUS: A group of organisms SPECIES: that have certain characteriscs in of a species is a group of organisms common but can be divided further which can interbreed to produce into other groups (i.e. into species) ferle offspring Binomial names The use of only two words (the binomial name) made it much easier to categorise and compare different plants and animals. Imagine, for instance, talking about a type of geranium using the old name: Geranium pedunculis bifloris, caule dichotomo erecto, foliis quinquepars incisis; summis sessilibus The binomial name is much easier to use: Geranium maculatum 1 WHAT’S SO IMPORTANT ABOUT NAMES? Who was Carl Linnaeus? Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) was born and brought up in and around Råshult, in the countryside of southern Sweden. -
LEMP Biological Monitoring 2020-B Survey Report
Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 2 2 Notes to the 2020-B survey .................................................................................... 3 2.1 Plot location ....................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Definitions .......................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Counts of native species .................................................................................... 4 3 Results and discussions............................................................................................. 5 3.1 List of vascular plant species .............................................................................. 5 3.2 Number of plants ............................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Survival Rate................................................................................................ 9 3.2.2 Natural regeneration................................................................................... 13 3.3 Plot coverage...................................................................................................... 15 3.3.1 Ground cover .............................................................................................. 16 3.3.2 Vegetation cover ......................................................................................... 24 4 -
Geranium Phaeum 'Joseph Green'
GERANIUM PHAEUM ‘JOSEPH GREEN’ Lynne Edwards y father, Joseph Green, a keen horticulturist, began his studies at Sutton Bonington School of M Agriculture in Nottinghamshire in 1937. His specialism was botany. He obtained the Certificate in Horticulture and an RHS Silver Medal. I have so much for which to thank him; he taught me much about botany as I was growing up, encouraging me to learn both the common and the botanical names of plants. As a teenager in the 1960s, right through to my father’s death in 2012, I gardened and Edwards All photographs © Lynne exchanged notes about flora with him. On his retirement, my father helped out at a friend’s plant nursery and, on one occasion, brought me a single-flowered, purple Geranium phaeum plant to fill an empty space in my garden. He warned me that if I allowed it to seed, there could be many new plants popping up all over the garden, adding that there might be the remote chance of a seedling producing a flower of an unusual colour and ‘how interesting that Geranium phaeum ‘Joseph Green’ would be!’ This turned out to be prophetic. Some years later, in early June 2013, I could not believe my eyes when I spotted a most unusual flowering plant in my garden, one I knew I had not planted. It was almost hidden between an old Rosa mutabilis and rampant brambles, and I could see from its leaves that it was a hardy geranium, yet its flowers of purple and chartreuse green were fascinating. It was growing in well-drained, light soil, amongst other G. -
Parallel Evolution of Highly Conserved Plastid Genome Architecture in Red Seaweeds and Seed Plants
Lee et al. BMC Biology (2016) 14:75 DOI 10.1186/s12915-016-0299-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Parallel evolution of highly conserved plastid genome architecture in red seaweeds and seed plants JunMo Lee1, Chung Hyun Cho1, Seung In Park1, Ji Won Choi1, Hyun Suk Song1, John A. West2, Debashish Bhattacharya3† and Hwan Su Yoon1*† Abstract Background: The red algae (Rhodophyta) diverged from the green algae and plants (Viridiplantae) over one billion years ago within the kingdom Archaeplastida. These photosynthetic lineages provide an ideal model to study plastid genome reduction in deep time. To this end, we assembled a large dataset of the plastid genomes that were available, including 48 from the red algae (17 complete and three partial genomes produced for this analysis) to elucidate the evolutionary history of these organelles. Results: We found extreme conservation of plastid genome architecture in the major lineages of the multicellular Florideophyceae red algae. Only three minor structural types were detected in this group, which are explained by recombination events of the duplicated rDNA operons. A similar high level of structural conservation (although with different gene content) was found in seed plants. Three major plastid genome architectures were identified in representatives of 46 orders of angiosperms and three orders of gymnosperms. Conclusions: Our results provide a comprehensive account of plastid gene loss and rearrangement events involving genome architecture within Archaeplastida and lead to one over-arching conclusion: from an ancestral pool of highly rearranged plastid genomes in red and green algae, the aquatic (Florideophyceae) and terrestrial (seed plants) multicellular lineages display high conservation in plastid genome architecture. -
Diversity and Evolution of Seedling Baupläne in Perlargonium (Geraniaceae) Cynthia S
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 14 | Issue 4 Article 7 1995 Diversity and Evolution of Seedling Baupläne in Perlargonium (Geraniaceae) Cynthia S. Jones University of Connecticut Robert A. Price University of Georgia Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Jones, Cynthia S. and Price, Robert A. (1995) "Diversity and Evolution of Seedling Baupläne in Perlargonium (Geraniaceae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 14: Iss. 4, Article 7. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol14/iss4/7 Aliso, 14(4), pp. 281-295 © 1996, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711-3157 DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION OF SEEDLING BAUPLANE IN PELARGONIUM (GERANIACEAE) CYNTIDA S. JONES Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Box U-43 75 North Eagleville Rd. University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 FAX: 203/486-6364 e-mail: [email protected] AND ROBERT A. PRICE Department of Botany University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 ABSTRACT The genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) exhibits tremendous variation in growth form. We apply a broadly defined concept of Bauplan in our study of growth form, architectural and anatomical features of early seedling development in the type subgenus. We analyze variation in these features within a phylogenetic framework based on sequence comparisons of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Preliminary ITS sequence comparisons show strong support for two major clades. One major clade contains two subgroups, one consisting of three previously recognized sections of more or less woody shrubs and subshrubs (sections Pelargonium, Glaucophyllum and Campylia), and a second clade of five sections consisting of geophytes and branched stem-succulents (sections Hoarea, Ugularia, Poly actium, Cortusina and Otidia). -
Illustration Sources
APPENDIX ONE ILLUSTRATION SOURCES REF. CODE ABR Abrams, L. 1923–1960. Illustrated flora of the Pacific states. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ADD Addisonia. 1916–1964. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Reprinted with permission from Addisonia, vol. 18, plate 579, Copyright © 1933, The New York Botanical Garden. ANDAnderson, E. and Woodson, R.E. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Reprinted with permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. ANN Hollingworth A. 2005. Original illustrations. Published herein by the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth. Artist: Anne Hollingworth. ANO Anonymous. 1821. Medical botany. E. Cox and Sons, London. ARM Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1889–1912. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. BA1 Bailey, L.H. 1914–1917. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture. The Macmillan Company, New York. BA2 Bailey, L.H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Revised and expanded by the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. Reprinted with permission from William Crepet and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. BA3 Bailey, L.H. 1900–1902. Cyclopedia of American horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. BB2 Britton, N.L. and Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British posses- sions. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. BEA Beal, E.O. and Thieret, J.W. 1986. Aquatic and wetland plants of Kentucky. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort. Reprinted with permission of Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission.