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Download Book ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA European Southern Observatory ——————————————————— Series Editor: Bruno Leibundgut N.C. Santos L. Pasquini A.C.M. Correia M. Romaniello (Eds.) Precision Spectroscopy in Astrophysics Proceedings of the ESO/Lisbon/Aveiro Conference held in Aveiro, Portugal, 11-15 September 2006 Volume Editors Nuno C. Santos Alexandre C. M. Correia Centro de Astrofisica da Universidade Aveiro Univ. do Porto Depto. Fisica Rua das Estrelas Campus Universitário de Santiago 4150-762 Porto 3810 Aveiro Portugal Portugal Luca Pasquini Martino Romaniello European Southern Observatory European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwar schild-Str. 2 Karl-Schwar schild-Str. 2 85748 Garching 85748 Garching Germany Germany Series Editor Bruno Leibundgut European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2 85748 Garching Germany Library of Congress Control Number: 2007938640 ISBN 978-3-540-75484-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign, Heidelberg Typesetting: by the authors Production: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd., Puducherry, India Printed on acid-free paper 55/3180/Integra 543210 Preface In the last decade we have witnessed impressive advancements in the accu- racy of Doppler shift measurements in astronomy, as well as of high-precision spectroscopy in general. Even if the main (and most recognized) driver for this development is the search for exo-planets, extremely interesting applications include the analysis of QSO absorption lines to determine the variability of physical constants and the analysis of the isotopic ratio of interesting species, such as 6Li/7Li in metal poor stars or D/H in QSO absorption lines. Another field in strong expansion is the determination of stellar oscillations through radial velocity measurements, a technique that is providing interesting re- sults, sometimes in apparent contradiction with photometric determinations. The use of high precision/resolution spectroscopy is intimately connected to the ability to collect a large number of photons. Indeed, the random measurement uncertainty depends on the inverse of the signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, high accuracy usually requires a large photon collecting capability. Not only do the scientific domains using this technique benefit tremendously from the use of 8-meter class telescopes, but they will also fully exploit the tremendous gain provided by future Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), as clearly shown by the preliminary studies of high resolution spectrographs for ELTs. And even if most applications so far have been at optical wavelengths, IR high-resolution spectroscopy should soon approach the same accuracy regime. With this motivation in mind, we proposed to gather together scientists to discuss topics related to various aspects of high precision spectroscopy. In a collaboration between ESO, the Center for Astronomy and Astro- physics of the University of Lisbon (CAAUL), and the University of Aveiro, the conference “Precision Spectroscopy in Astrophysics” was thus organized. During the week from 11 to 15 September 2006, about 100 scientists gathered in the pleasant town of Aveiro, near the northern Portuguese Atlantic coast. Between excellent talks and posters, Portuguese cuisine, and some boat-trips and barbecues, this conference gave the opportunity to discuss the different topics mentioned above in a relaxed but fruitful atmosphere. For this great success we would like to deeply thank all the participants who made it possible. This conference was done for you and by you. Some per- sons and institutions were, however, of fundamental importance in organizing VI Preface the process. First of all, the SOC members, whose suggestions produced the final conference program. The LOC made a wonderful work, and we would like to thank in particular Susana Fernandes, Eugenia Carvalho, and Britt Sj¨oberg, for their invaluable dedication and help, also in the most complicated moments. Finally, we would like to thank the three institutions that made this event possible, ESO, the University of Lisbon, and in particular the University of Aveiro for having provided all the necessary infrastructures for the conference venue. These proceedings could not see the light without the patient and careful work of Pam Bristow. Garching, Lisbon, Aveiro Nuno C. Santos July 2007 Luca Pasquini Alexandre C.M. Correia Martino Romaniello Local Organizing Committee: Nuno C. Santos (co-chair, CAAUL), Alexandre C.M. Correia (co-chair, Uni- versity of Aveiro), Xavier Bonfils (CAAUL), Sergio Sousa (CAAUL/CAUP), Susana Fernandes (University of Aveiro), Eug´enia Carvalho (CAAUL), Britt Sj¨oberg (ESO) Scientific Organizing Committee: Beatriz Barbuy (Brazil), Jacqueline Bergeron (France), Dainis Dravins (Swe- den), Artie Hatzes (Germany), Garik Israelian (Spain), David Lambert (USA), Michel Mayor (Switzerland), Paolo Molaro (Italy), Mario J. Mon- teiro (Portugal), Luca Pasquini (ESO, co-chair), Max Pettini (UK), Martino Romaniello (ESO, co-chair), Nuno C. Santos (Portugal, co-chair) Contents Part I Abundances and Isotopes Lithium Isotopic Abundances in Stars Poul Erik Nissen, Martin Asplund ................................ 3 Lithium Isotopic Abundances in Old Stars Ana Elia Garc´ıa P´erez, Susumu Inoue, Wako Aoki, Sean Ryan ....... 9 Accurate Quantitative Spectroscopy of OB Stars: the H, He and C Spectrum M.F. Nieva, N. Przybilla ......................................... 15 High Resolution Spectroscopy of HgMn stars: A Time of Surprises S. Hubrig, C.R. Cowley, F. Gonz´alez, F. Castelli ................... 19 High-resolution Spectroscopy of Faint Stars with Transiting Planets N.C. Santos, C. Melo, F. Pont, T. Guillot, A. Ecuvillon, M. Mayor, S.Udry,D.Queloz,G.Israelian,F.Bouchy,C.Moutou............. 21 First Resolved Narrow Line Profiles in Ultracool Dwarfs Ansgar Reiners ................................................. 25 Physical Parameters of Evolved Stars in Clusters and in the Field from Line-depth Ratios K. Biazzo, L. Pasquini, A. Frasca, L. da Silva, L. Girardi, A. P. Hatzes, J. Setiawan, S. Catalano, E. Marilli ........................ 29 UVES and CRIRES Spectroscopy of AGB Stars: Technetium and the Third Dredge-up Stefan Uttenthaler, Hans Ulrich K¨aufl, Josef Hron, Thomas Lebzelter, Maurizio Busso, Mathias Schultheis ............................... 35 Characterisation of the Ursa Major Group Matthias Ammler, Eike W. Guenther .............................. 39 VIII Contents [C/O] Observations in Low-[Fe/H] Halo Stars D. Fabbian, P. E. Nissen, M. Asplund, C. J. Akerman, M. Pettini .... 45 Oxygen Abundances in Metal-poor Stars, from [OI], OI and IR OH Lines B. Barbuy, J. Mel´endez .......................................... 47 Sulphur Abundances in Metal-poor Stars P.E. Nissen, C. Akerman, M. Asplund, D. Fabbian, M. Pettini ...... 51 Isotopic Abundances of Eu, Ba, and Sm in Metal-Poor Stars Ian U. Roederer, Chris Sneden, James E. Lawler, Jennifer S. Sobeck, Catherine A. Pilachowski, John J. Cowan .......................... 55 Part II QSO Absorption Lines Gas-phase Deuterium Abundances, Near and Far Edward B. Jenkins .............................................. 63 Comprehensive Abundance Measurements in Damped Lyα Systems M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, J. X. Prochaska, S. D’Odorico, F. Calura, F. Matteucci, ..................................................... 69 Molecular Hydrogen at High Redshift and the Variation with Time of the Electron-to-proton Mass Ratio, µ = me/mp P. Petitjean, C. Ledoux, R. Srianand, P. Noterdaeme, A. Ivanchik ... 73 Spectroscopy of QSO Pairs Sara L. Ellison ................................................. 77 Small-scale Structure of High-redshift OVI Absorption Systems S. Lopez, S. Ellison, S. D’Odorico, T.-S. Kim ...................... 83 Hot Halos around High-Redshift Galaxies Andrew J. Fox, Patrick Petitjean, C´edric Ledoux, R. Srianand ....... 85 Part III Fundamental Constants Astrophysical Probes of Fundamental Physics C.J.A.P. Martins ............................................... 89 Revisiting VLT/UVES Constraints on a Varying Fine- structure Constant M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, V. V. Flambaum ....................... 95 Contents IX On the Variation of the Fine-structure Constant, and Precision Spectroscopy Chand, H., Srianand, R., Petitjean, P., Aracil, B. .................. 101 High-Precision Measurements of ∆α/α from QSO Absorption Spectra Sergei A. Levshakov, Paolo Molaro, Sebastian Lopez, Sandro D’Odorico, Miriam Centuri´on, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Irina I. Agafonova, Dieter Reimers ...................................... 105 Probing Fundamental Constant Evolution with Redshifted OH Lines Nissim
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