DOCSLIB.ORG

Statistical and Economic Weak Form Efficiency of Online Sports Betting in European Soccer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Statistical and Economic Weak Form Efficiency of Online Sports Betting in European Soccer Abnormal returns in an efficient market? Statistical and economic weak form efficiency of online sports betting in European soccer Finance Master's thesis Tero Tiitu 2016 Department of Finance Aalto University School of Business Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Aalto University, P.O. BOX 11000, 00076 AALTO www.aalto.fi Abstract of master’s thesis Author Tero Tiitu Title of thesis Abnormal returns in an efficient market? Statistical and economic weak form efficiency of online sports betting in European soccer Degree Master of Science (M.Sc.) Degree programme Finance Thesis advisor(s) Vesa Puttonen Year of approval 2016 Number of pages 122 Language English Abstract Online sports betting markets have expanded significantly during the recent decade. At the same time, due to their apparent similarities with traditional financial markets, the academic literature has perceived sports betting markets as a suitable empirical setting for different tests of efficiency. Employing a data set more extensive than in any previous relevant study, this thesis investigates weak form efficiency of online sports betting in European soccer between seasons 2009 and 2014 from two perspectives: statistical and economic. The statistical tests examine whether subjective probability indicated by average market odds is an unbiased estimator of objective outcome probability. Economic tests, representing the stricter tests of efficiency, inspect whether any betting strategy yields positive returns, utilizing highest odds quoted in the market. The statistical tests find clear evidence of a persistent favorite-longshot bias and hence of statistical weak form betting market inefficiency. On the aggregate level, both the linear and logit regression models reveal that as the subjective probability of an outcome increases, the objective probability increases more than implied by market efficiency. On the individual odds level, the technique that sorts odds into groups based on subjective probability discovers that the deviations between subjective and objective probability occur on both perimeters of the odds spectrum, not in the middle of it. Thus, in a statistical sense, the betting market appears to be weak form inefficient at high respective low probabilities, while being efficient in between. The economic tests give a more ambiguous view on weak form efficiency. When considering all the matches in the sample, neither the tobit regression model nor any of the naïve strategies show chances for profitable betting, while some of the odds groups with highest subjective probability demonstrate moderately positive returns. When only including matches with a positive expected value and simulating the associated returns, the sophisticated strategy based on quasi-arbitrage yields no profits, but the strategy that takes into account the favorite-longshot bias generates consistent profits. Therefore, the betting market seems to be inefficient also in an economic sense. The study concludes that the European online sports betting market in soccer is weak form inefficient. The results are consistent with the earlier literature in terms of statistical efficiency but not in terms of economic efficiency. Due to the lower bookmaker margins in the current market, it is shown that well known statistical biases now also lead to economic inefficiency. The study provides two explanations for the persistence of these inefficiencies: institutional arrangements and market immaturity. Since sports betting markets are not yet as sophisticated as many financial markets, they provide attractive investment opportunities for sharp bettors. Keywords Efficient market hypothesis, sports betting markets, soccer, betting strategy, favorite- longshot bias Aalto-yliopisto, PL 11000, 00076 AALTO www.aalto.fi Maisterintutkinnon tutkielman tiivistelmä Tekijä Tero Tiitu Työn nimi Abnormal returns in an efficient market? Statistical and economic weak form efficiency of online sports betting in European soccer Tutkinto Kauppatieteiden maisteri (KTM) Koulutusohjelma Rahoitus Työn ohjaaja(t) Vesa Puttonen Hyväksymisvuosi 2016 Sivumäärä 122 Kieli englanti Tiivistelmä Onlinevedonlyöntimarkkinat ovat laajentuneet huomattavasti viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana. Koska vedonlyöntimarkkinoilla on runsaasti yhtäläisyyksiä rahoitusmarkkinoiden kanssa, vedon- lyöntimarkkinat on myös tunnistettu kirjallisuudessa sopiviksi empiirisiksi puitteiksi tutkia mark- kinoiden tehokkuutta. Tämä tutkielma perehtyy Euroopassa pelattavan jalkapallon onlinevedonlyöntimarkkinoiden heikon muodon tehokkuuteen kausina 2009–2014 käyttämällä aineistoa, joka on laajempi kuin missään aiemmassa vastaavassa tutkimuksessa. Tehokkuutta tutkitaan sekä tilastollisesta että taloudellisesta näkökulmasta. Tilastollinen näkökulma testaa, vastaako markkinoilla noteerattujen kertoimien keskiarvoon perustuva subjektiivinen todennäköisyys toteutuneisiin ottelutuloksiin pohjautuvaa objektiivista todennäköisyyttä. Taloudellinen näkökulma, joka edustaa tiukempaa tehokkuuden testiä, etsii voittoisia vedonlyöntistrategioita hyödyntämällä korkeimpia saatavilla olevia markkinakertoimia. Tilastollisen tehokkuuden testit paljastavat pysyvän suosikki-altavastaaja-harhan ja täten selviä epätehokkuuden merkkejä. Kertoimien kokonaistarkastelussa sekä lineaariset että logit-regressio- mallit osoittavat, että subjektiivisen todennäköisyyden noustessa objektiivinen todennäköisyys nousee enemmän kuin tehokkailla markkinoilla. Tarkastellessa erikorkuisia kertoimia erikseen havaitaan, että poikkeamat subjektiivisten ja objektiivisten todennäköisyyksien välillä esiintyvät kerroinalueen ääripäissä, eivät sen keskellä. Markkinat näyttäisivät siis olevan epätehokkaat korkeimpien ja matalampien todennäköisyyksien kohdalla ja tehokkaat näiden ääripäiden välillä. Taloudellisen tehokkuuden testit antavat tehokkuudesta monitulkintaisemman kuvan. Mahdolli- suuksia voittoisaan vedonlyöntiin ei löydy tarkastellessa kaikkia aineiston otteluita tobit-regressio- mallilla ja naiiveilla strategioilla, mutta jotkin korkeimpien subjektiivisten todennäköisyyksien kerroinryhmät tuottavat pieniä voittoja. Kun hyödynnetään ainoastaan positiivisen odotusarvon otteluita ja simuloidaan näiden tuottoja, kvasi-arbitraasiin perustuva strategia on pääosin tappiol- linen, mutta suosikki-altavastaaja-harhaa hyödyntävä sofistikoitunut strategia systemaattisesti voitollinen. Markkinat osoittautuvat näin ollen epätehokkaiksi myös taloudellisessa mielessä. Tutkielman perusteella Euroopan onlinevedonlyöntimarkkinat jalkapallossa ovat heikossa muo- dossa epätehokkaat. Tulokset vastaavat aiempia tutkimuksia tilastollisen tehokkuuden osalta mut- ta eivät taloudellisen tehokkuuden osalta. Tutkimuksessa osoitetaan, kuinka aiemmin tunnistetut tilastolliset epätehokkuudet johtavat nykyisillä markkinoilla myös taloudellisiin epätehokkuuksiin aikaisempaa pienempien vedonvälittäjien marginaalien ansiosta. Tutkielma tarjoaa havaittujen epätehokkuuksien pysyvyydelle kaksi syytä: institutionaalisen asetelman ja markkinoiden kypsy- mättömyyden. Koska urheiluvedonlyöntimarkkinat eivät vielä ole yhtä kehittyneet kuin useat rahoitusmarkkinat, ne tarjoavat houkuttelevia sijoitusmahdollisuuksia järkiperäisille vedonlyöjille. Avainsanat Tehokkaiden markkinoiden hypoteesi, urheiluvedonlyöntimarkkinat, jalkapallo, vedonlyöntistrategia, suosikki-altavastaaja-harha “Chance always favors the prepared mind.” – Louis Pasteur Table of contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Purpose and contribution ................................................................................................. 2 1.2. Motivation ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Main findings .................................................................................................................. 6 1.4. Limitations ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.5. Structure of the thesis ...................................................................................................... 8 2. Fundamentals of online sports betting ................................................................................... 9 2.1. Why do people participate in sports betting? .................................................................. 9 2.2. Characteristics of online sports betting markets ........................................................... 11 2.2.1. Organization of markets ......................................................................................... 12 2.2.2. Other key characteristics ........................................................................................ 14 2.3. Odds, probabilities, and the bookmaker margin ........................................................... 16 2.4. Making money in online sports betting ......................................................................... 18 2.4.1. Value betting .......................................................................................................... 18 2.4.2. Sports arbitrage ...................................................................................................... 19 2.4.3. Matched betting ...................................................................................................... 20 2.4.4. Principles of money management .........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ballymena United Football Club - Season Tickets 2019/20 Application Form
    BALLYMENA UNITED FOOTBALL CLUB - SEASON TICKETS 2019/20 APPLICATION FORM Please provide the information requested in the boxes below using BLOCK capitals Incomplete forms may not be processed NAME OF APPLICANT ADDRESS 1 ADDRESS 2 POSTCODE DATE OF BIRTH DD/MM/YYYY SEX EMAIL DAYTIME TELEPHONE EVENING TELEPHONE TICKET REQUEST Tick the box of the relevant season ticket Discount Price Regular Price Select Relevant Box (Before 01/07/2019 only) ADULT (18+) £150.00 £160.00 SENIOR CITIZEN (65+) £85.00 £95.00 STUDENT (18+) In full-time education £85.00 £95.00 Student ID required (see terms overleaf) YOUTH (Aged 12-17) * £70.00 £80.00 FAMILY (1 Adult & 2 Children) ** £210.00 £240.00 DIRECTORS BOX TICKET +£50.00 +£50.00 Add £50.00 to price of regular ticket * Children under the age of 12 should join the Junior Sky Blues (http://www.ballymenaunitedfc.com/jsb/) ** Strictly 1 adult and 2 children (aged 12-15) from the same family. If you have selected a Family Ticket please state the name(s) and date(s) of birth of the child(ren): Name 1 Name 2 DOB 1 DD / MM / YYYY DOB 2 DD / MM / YYYY Your privacy is important to us and so Ballymena United FC are committed to the new General Data Protection Regulations, which protect how your information must be stored and prohibit unauthorised use of such information. For our full privacy statement, including details on how your information is held and processed, please visit www.ballymenaunitedfc.com DECLARATION I have read and agreed to the terms and conditions associated with the completion of the application and enclose the sum of £..............
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Ireland Football League Ltd Women's Premiership Rules
    Northern Ireland Football League Ltd Women’s Premiership Rules & Regulations Season 2020 CONSTITUTION 1. Title 2. Membership Fees 3. Dual Interests in Clubs 4. Clubs Ceasing to be Members 5. Notices 6. League Competitions 7. Ranking of Teams NIFL PREMIERSHIP MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE 8. NIFL Women’s Premiership Committee 9. NIFL Women’s Premiership Management Committee Powers OFFENCES, INQUIRIES AND COMMISSIONS THEREON, DISPUTES AND APPEALS 10. Inquiry into and Punishment of Offences 11. Commissions and Reports 12. Misconduct in Pre-arranging Results/Gambling on NIFL matches 13. Protests 14. Appeals against Decisions of the NIFL Women’s Premiership Management Committee MATCHES 15. Matches and kick-off times 16. Postponed or Abandoned Matches 17. International duty 18. Substitute Players 19. Player Identification 20. Completion of Team Sheet 21. Kit Approval 22. Late Start 23. Objection to Ground, etc 24. Medals 25. Trophies FINANCE 26. Admission to Grounds 27. Gate Receipts 28. Fines REGISTRATIONS AND TRANSFERS 29. NIFL Player Registration/Eligibility Guidelines 30. Eligible Players 31. Ineligibility of Players NIFL Women’s Premiership Rules – Season 2020 Page 1 32. Penalty for Playing Unregistered or Ineligible Players MISCELLANEOUS 33. Conditions of Membership of Clubs comprising the NIFL Premiership 34. Registration of Ground 35. Technical Areas 36. Referees 37. Official Match Ball 38. Half-time Interval 39. Processional Entry and Fair Play Handshake 40. Match Observers 41. League Structure 42. Alterations to Rules NIFL Women’s Premiership
    [Show full text]
  • Intermediate Football Restructure Background
    Intermediate Football Restructure Background One of the long-term objectives within the Irish FA’s 5-year strategy 2017-2022 is to reinvigorate the everyday game. Specifically, within this objective is a proposal for the restructure of Intermediate Football. The restructure aims to raise standards and continue the development of the game at Intermediate level by seeking to improve the standard of football on the pitch, introducing a more standardised league format and enhancing the quality of facilities/spectator experience. Senior Football 12 NIFL Premiership Intermediate Football 12 NIFL Championship 12 Premier Intermediate League via playoffs Northern Ireland General Intermediate Football Intermediate Intermediate A – 14 NAFL League Ballymena & Approx. 117 teams (excluding Premier – 14 Provincial Football NIFL Premiership reserve Intermediate B - 12 8 League teams) 1A – 14; 1B – 14; 15 1C - 14 Mapping of current Intermediate Football Clubs in Northern Ireland Mapping illustrates very heavy concentration of Intermediate clubs in Greater Belfast/ East of province, various colours represent current intermediate league they play in. Preferred Future Structure The preferred future structure provides for a better geographical split of clubs whilst limiting travel to regional opposition and standardising league formats. The future structure is assumed to sit on top of the existing Junior leagues structure. Region A – North/ North West Region B – Greater Belfast/ East Region C – South/ South East League Management A tender process is to be carried out to confirm league operators for each of the 3 regions. It is assumed that NIFL will continue to operate the Premier Intermediate League (National Intermediate League). However, if this is not the case then the National Intermediate League will be included in the tender process.
    [Show full text]
  • NIFL Policy for Curtailment of Leagues in Exceptional Circumstances
    NIFL Policy for Curtailment of Leagues in Exceptional Circumstances Danske Bank Premiership 1. Status of an unfulfilled season due to exceptional circumstances In the event that the 2020/21 season should be required to halt due to unforeseen circumstances, and it is deemed not possible by government authorities, Irish Football Association or the NIFL Board to complete the season, the final standings will be determined as follows: Fewer than 38 matches played By the end of May 2021, if fewer than 38 matches have been played. • The standings after 33 matches played (when each club has played each other three times) shall determine the league placings. • All sporting consequences flow, including declaration of champion club, promotion and relegation of bottom and top Clubs in divisions, together with European qualification slots. • The top three ranked clubs and the Irish Cup winner will be nominated to participate in the UEFA Club Competitions in accordance with the UEFA Access List. The Europa League Play Offs would not be played. • Should the IFA not determine or nominate a UEFA position, arising from the Irish Cup in accordance with the UEFA Access List, if offered to the NIFL that position will be allocated to the fourth ranked club as per rule 7 of the NIFL Premiership Rules. • In the absence of promotion/relegation play offs the bottom ranked club only would be relegated. Fewer than 33 matches played By the end of May 2021, if fewer than 33 matches have been played (when each club has played each other three times). If more than half of the third round of fixtures If less than half of the third round of fixtures have been played (MD28 onwards) have been played (Less than 28 matches) • League positions determined on the • The standings after 22 matches played basis of points per game (followed by (when each club has played each other goal difference).
    [Show full text]
  • Chairman's Update I Commend the Efforts of Our Media Team and Supporters Club in Highlighting the Need for Better Communication Between the Club and It's Supporters
    ISSUE No.1 17 November 2019 Chairman's Update I commend the efforts of our media team and supporters club in highlighting the need for better communication between the club and it's supporters. Particularly in the absence of a functioning website, which we hope to remedy in the next few weeks. I hope that this publication can develop into a regular match day program and that we can have regular input from relevant people and production support from volunteer supporters. In the meantime, here is an update on some important club issues. Riverside Stadium We have now reached an agreed settlement with the insurers. However, we have been told that we will never again be able to acquire flood insurance for that site, as it is situated in the fourth most prone flood plain in Northern Ireland. Consequently, we decided that re-investing the current insurance settlement in the reinstatement of the Riverside, without the possibility of future flood insurance, would be untenable and a dereliction of duty in terms of ensuring the club's long term survival. Thankfully, Sport NI, who provided the original grant for the development of the stadium, have agreed that it would be in keeping with the conditions of that grant for us to reinvest any insurance claim in the development of an alternative site. However, our lease agreement with the landlord, the YMCA, obliges us to return the site to 'green field status' and this will take a very considerable chunk of the insurance settlement, leaving less residual finance to put towards the development of an alternative site.
    [Show full text]
  • The Northern Ireland Football League Cup
    The Northern Ireland Football League Cup 1. Competition Name: a. The competition shall be called the Northern Ireland Football League (NIFL) Cup. 2. NIFL League Cup Committee a. The control and organisation of the competition shall be vested in the NIFL League Cup Committee. b. The NIFL League Cup Committee shall be formed by the NIFL Board and shall have powers to deal with all matters delegated to it by the Board. 3. Participant Clubs: Only the clubs in membership of the NIFL shall participate in the Competition. 4. Awards: Prize money shall be distributed to participating clubs as determined by the NIFL Board annually and shall be subject to sponsorship being secured for the Competition. The Club winning the trophy will retain it for one year. The trophy shall remain the property of the NIFL. 5. Competition Format a. The competition shall be played on a knockout basis. All ties shall be played to a finish. If at the end of normal playing time the scores are equal then two periods of fifteen (15) minutes each way will be played. If there are no goals scored during extra time the tie shall be decided by kicks from the penalty mark in accordance with the conditions set out in the laws of the game. b. There shall be two (2) entry levels with the NIFL Championship & Intermediate Clubs entering in Round 1 and the NIFL Premiership Clubs entering in Round 2. c. The twelve (12) NIFL Premiership Clubs and the top four (4) NIFL Championship Clubs shall be seeded in Round 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Football Association • Championship Licence Manual • Promotion Licence Manual Timetable and Deadlines for Core Process
    For Award of Licences for Season 2018/19 Version 1.2 IRISH FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION • CHAMPIONSHIP LICENCE MANUAL • PROMOTION LICENCE MANUAL TIMETABLE AND DEADLINES FOR CORE PROCESS BY: 27 October 2017 Licensing documents prepared and issued to the concerned licence applicants. 3 November 2017 Submission deadline for receipt of completed application form from licence applicants. 31 January 2018 Submission of all documentation relating to Sporting, Infrastructure, Personnel & Administrative and Legal criteria and Stadium Infrastructure Inspection Visits completed by Licensing Administration. Club specific deadline date to be advised to licence applicant within non-conformance report. Once received, documents are logged by the Licensing Administration and forwarded to the respective ‘expert’ for review. 31 March 2018 Conclusion of expert review period for documents relating to Sporting, Infrastructure, Personnel & Administrative and Legal criteria. 31 March 2018 Submission deadline for documents related to the Financial criteria. 1 April – 16 April 2018 Expert Review Period for documents related to the Financial criteria. 18 April 2018 Submission of Management Representations Letter. Preparation of Report to the Licensing Committee. 24 April 2018 Licensing Committee Decision. 25 April 2018 Notification of licensing decisions to applicants. 8 May 2018 Licensing Appeals Committee meeting (if required and subject to availability of members). 31 May 2018 Notification of decisions to IFA Board and UEFA. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. Introduction 4 2. Procedure 7 3. Licensor 9 4. Licence Applicant and Licence 15 5. Core Process 19 Timetable and Deadlines 25 6. Sporting Criteria 28 7. Infrastructure Criteria 32 8. Personnel and Administration Criteria 38 9. Legal Criteria 44 10. Financial Criteria 50 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Ireland Football League Ltd Salary Cost Protocol Regulations 1
    Northern Ireland Football League Ltd Salary Cost Protocol Regulations 1. Allowable Income The definition of allowable income is provided in ANNEXE 1. The figure to be inserted into each part of the allowable income calculation will be based on the average of the previous two full years audited financial statements of the club. This calculation has to be carried out for each separate category of allowable income. The calculation of allowable income must be formally agreed and confirmed in writing by, the Irish Football Association prior to the commencement of the summer registration period. 2. Percentage Cap The percentage cap applicable to any particular season will be communicated to the clubs by the Irish Football Association. For season 2015/16 clubs will be assessed via direct linkage to the position of defined key creditors i.e. Bank Loans, Overdrafts, Directors Loans/Accounts or any Other Loans (hereafter ‘Key Creditors’) as stated in the audited financial statements of the club for the financial year ending in 2014. Clubs will be capped in line with a percentage of Key Creditors vs. Allowable Income (2 year average) as follows: Key Creditors position representing up to 24.99% of AI - 60% Key Creditors position representing 25% to 49.99% of AI - 55% Key Creditors position representing 50% to 99.99 of AI - 50% Key Creditors position representing 100% and above of AI - 45% 3. Bonuses and Expenses Bonus and expense payments may form part (or all) of the total cost to a club for engaging any player. Such payments must be managed by each club and fall within the total allowable figure agreed for player expenditure costs following the ‘key creditors’ calculation as per 2 above.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting, Fostering and Developing Football for All
    PROMOTING, FOSTERING AND DEVELOPING FOOTBALL FOR ALL The Irish FA’s Five-Year Strategy 2017–2022 IRISH FA FIVE-YEAR PLAN 2017–2022 CONTENTS Foreword: Irish FA President 04–05 The Irish FA’s Values 06–07 Introduction 08–09 We’re Not Brazil, We’re Northern Ireland: Review 10–11 The Economic Context 12–13 Time For A New Strategy 14–15 Challenge Every Time, Qualify Every Other Time 16–19 Rebuild The Football Estate 20–21 Break The Top 40 in European Leagues 22–23 Reinvigorate The Everyday Game 24–25 Build A Thriving Stadium Business 26–27 Liaising With The Community 28–29 Organise To Serve The Football Family Better 30–31 Timeline 32–33 Consultations 34–35 FOREWORD: IRISH FA PRESIDENT In a specially designed cabinet in the new Education and Heritage Centre there is a carefully preserved minute book detailing the first ever meeting of the Irish Football Association. The date, 18 November 1880, is handwritten in fountain pen and the unique piece of Northern Ireland football history records in fantastic detail how Cliftonville famously issued an invitation to the other clubs in Belfast to follow the lead of clubs in England, Scotland and Wales to form their own association. The seven founding clubs were Alexander, We’re Not Brazil, We’re Northern Ireland. a new five-year plan to continue to drive Avoniel, Cliftonville, Distillery, Knock, Originally planned to run until 2018, It the association forward and to further Moyola Park and Oldpark. We owe the set out bold aims: to qualify for a major promote, foster and grow football in representatives who gathered around tournament; to deliver a National Stadium; Northern Ireland.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Ireland. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    5/13/2017 Northern Ireland ­ Wikipedia Northern Ireland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [8] Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann Northern Ireland pronounced [ˈt̪ˠuәʃcәɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲәn̪ ˠ]; Ulster­Scots: Norlin Tuaisceart Éireann (Irish) Airlann) is a country [9] that is part of the United Kingdom Norlin Airlann (Ulster Scots) in the north­east of the island of Ireland.[10] It is variously described as a country, province, region, or "part" of the United Kingdom, amongst other terms.[11][12][13] Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863,[4] constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co­operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the Location of Northern Ireland (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) ability to "put forward views and proposals" with – in the United Kingdom (green) "determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the Status Country two governments".[14] Capital Belfast Northern Ireland was created in 1921, when Ireland was and largest city 54°36′N 5°55′W partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland Languagesb English by an act of the British parliament. Unlike Southern Ireland, Regional languages Irish · Ulster­Scots which would become the Irish Free State in 1922, the majority of Northern Ireland's population were unionists, Ethnic groups (2011) 98.28% white who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom,[15] most 1.06% Asian 0.20% black of whom were the Protestant descendants of colonists from 0.46% other[1] Great Britain; however, a significant minority, mostly Catholics, were nationalists who wanted a united Ireland Type Constituent unit [16][17][18][19] independent of British rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Premiership Club Licensing Manual
    IRISH FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION PREMIERSHIP CLUB LICENSING MANUAL For Award of Licences for Season 2019/20 Version 1.3 TIMETABLE AND DEADLINES FOR CORE PROCESS BY: 26 October 2018 Licensing documents prepared and issued to the concerned licence applicants. 5 November 2018 Submission deadline for receipt of completed application form from licence applicants. February - March 2019 Club Audits (relating to Sporting, Infrastructure, Personnel & Administrative and Legal criteria) and Stadium Infrastructure Inspection Visits completed by Licensing Administration. Within the audit report the licence applicant is given a 14-day submission deadline for receipt of further documentation to address any “non-conformities” relating to the Sporting, Infrastructure, Personnel & Administrative and Legal criteria. Once received, outstanding documents are logged by the Licensing Administration and forwarded to the respective ‘expert’ for review. 31 March 2019 Conclusion of expert review period for documents relating to Sporting, Infrastructure, Personnel & Administrative and Legal criteria. 31 March 2019 Submission deadline for documents related to the Financial criteria. 1 April – 17 April 2019 Expert Review Period for documents related to the Financial criteria. 18 April 2019 Submission of Management Representations Letter. Preparation of Report to the Licensing Committee. 24 April 2019 Licensing Committee Decision. 25 April 2019 Notification of licensing decisions to applicants. 9 May 2019 Licensing Appeals Committee meeting (if required and subject to availability of members). 31 May 2019 Notification of decisions to IFA Board and UEFA. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. Introduction 4 2. Procedure 7 3. Licensor 9 4. Licence Applicant and Licence 15 5. Core Process 19 Timetable and Deadlines 25 6. Sporting Criteria 28 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Ballymena United Football Club – Half Season Tickets 2018/19 Application Form
    BALLYMENA UNITED FOOTBALL CLUB – HALF SEASON TICKETS 2018/19 APPLICATION FORM Please provide the information requested in the boxes below using BLOCK capitals Incomplete forms may not be processed NAME OF APPLICANT ADDRESS 1 ADDRESS 2 POSTCODE DATE OF BIRTH DD/MM/YYYY SEX EMAIL DAYTIME TELEPHONE EVENING TELEPHONE TICKET REQUEST Tick the box of the relevant season ticket Regular Price Select Relevant Box ADULT (18+) £75.00 SENIOR CITIZEN (65+) £45.00 STUDENT (18+) In full-time education £45.00 Student ID required (see terms overleaf) YOUTH (Aged 12-17) * £40.00 FAMILY (1 Adult & 2 Children) ** £120.00 * Children under the age of 12 should join the Junior Sky Blues (http://www.ballymenaunitedfc.com/jsb/) ** Strictly 1 adult and 2 children (aged 12-15) from the same family. If you have selected a Family Ticket please state the name(s) and date(s) of birth of the child(ren): Name 1 Name 2 DOB 1 DD / MM / YYYY DOB 2 DD / MM / YYYY Your privacy is important to us and so Ballymena United FC are committed to the new General Data Protection Regulations, which protect how your information must be stored and prohibit unauthorised use of such information. For our full privacy statement, including details on how your information is held and processed, please visit www.ballymenaunitedfc.com DECLARATION I have read and agreed to the terms and conditions associated with the completion of the application and enclose the sum of £............... for the purchase of my 2018/19 Ballymena United half season ticket. All cheques made payable to 'Ballymena United FC'.
    [Show full text]