An Inventory of Census Micro-Data from the Territory of Western Ukraine (Red Ruthenia, Eastern Galicia) Before 1914
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Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057 Rostock - Germany +49 381 2081-190 (secretary’s office) http://www.censusmosaic.org MOSAIC WORKING PAPER WP2012-003 Dezember 2012 An inventory of census micro-data from the territory of Western Ukraine (Red Ruthenia, Eastern Galicia) before 1914 Piotr Guzowski This working paper has been approved for release by: Mikolaj Szoltysek ([email protected]), Deputy Head of the Laboratory of Historical Demography. © Copyright is held by the authors. mosaic working papers receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed in working papers are attributable to the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute. Piotr Guzowski An inventory of census micro-data from the territory of Western Ukraine (Red Ruthenia, Eastern Galicia) before 1914 1 Piotr Guzowski Institute of History and Political Sciences University of Bialystok Plac Uniwersytecki 1 15-420 Białystok Poland [email protected] An inventory of census micro-data from the territory of Western Ukraine (Red Ruthenia, Eastern Galicia) before 1914 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 a) Territory, population and religious structure 4 b) Categories of sources 5 c) Ecclesiastical sources 5 d) State-created sources 9 e) The scope of archival research 10 f) Possible directions of research 11 g) Bibliography 12 h) List of abbreviations 12 2. Preserved Material 14 a) Roman Catholic Status Animarum Lists and Confession Lists 14 b) Greek Catholic Status Animarum Lists 42 c) Censuses 61 2 Introduction The aim of this project is to inventory available sources that could be used in the study of household structure in Western Ukraine between the end of the 18th century and 1914. Geographically the project covers the area that between mid-14th century and 1772 belonged to the Comonwealth of Poland and formed the so called Red Ruthenia. After the First Partition of Poland, the area became part of the Habsburg Empire and was renamed Eastern Galicia. Nowadays, this territory is divided between Ukraine and Poland, with the majority of it belonging to Ukraine. The most important primary sources connected with the history of these lands are kept in Polish and Ukrainian archives. The lands of former Red Ruthenia are very interesting from the point of view of historical demographers. Originally, the area was inhabited mostly by people of Ruthenian (Ukrainian) origin, but the mid-14th century marked the beginning of Polish and German settlement there. It attracted also numerous Jewish and Armenian communities. As a result, the area became an ethnic and religious mosaic, with western parts dominated by Catholics, usually of Polish origin, while eastern parts were inhabited mostly by Greek Catholic Ruthenians (Ukrainians). Although the area under study was situated to the east of the Hajnal Line and its modified version – the Mitterauer-Kasser Line marking the most westerly limits of the dominance of west and central European family patterns, Polish demographic studies prove that Red Ruthenia was, in fact, a kind of transitional zone, with its family patterns differing considerably from those in the lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth lying both west and east off it. The author of this project hopes that this report will be of some help in further studies in historical demography of former Red Ruthenia. 3 Territory, population and religious structure In the years 1772-1918, the territory under study was called Eastern Galicia and covered the area of 55 square kilometers. It was part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria which was one of the provinces of the Habsburg Empire. For administration purposes the area was initially divided into Kreises and districts, and in 1865-67 a new division into twelve counties (powiat) was introduced. Thus, Eastern Galicia’s administrative units were: the city of Lviv and the counties of Lviv, Brzeżany, Czortków, Kołomyja, Przemyśl, Sambor, Sanok, Stanyslaviv, Stryj, Ternopil, Złoczów and Żółkiew. According to the population census of 1857, the territory was inhabited by 3 012 849 people. 66.53% of the inhabitants were of Greek Catholic denomination, 21.44% were Roman Catholic, 11.25% were of Judaic religion and 0.76% were Evangelical. By 1910 the number of people had increased to 5 335 820, of whom 61.74% were Greek Catholics, 25.29% were Roman Catholics, 12.35% were Jews and 0.56% were Evangelicals. 58.92% of inhabitants declared Ruthenian as their mother tongue, 39.75% Polish and 1.21% German1. Before 1772, that is before the First Partition of Poland, the lands under study formed three voivodships within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Bełzkie, Ruskie and Podolskie. For the purposes of this project additional data were gathered for Krzemieniecki county which was part of Wołyńskie voivodship in pre-partition Commonwealth and after the Third Partition in 1795 it became part of the Russian Empire2. The territory was covered by ecclesiastical administrative structures of two Catholic denominations: Greek and Roman. The Greek Catholic majority formed two dioceses: Przemyska and Lwowska. The latter was divided around the year 1772 into three new dioceses: Lwowska, Halicka and Kamieniecka3. Local Roman Catholics belonged administratively to Przemyskie bishopric and Lwowskie archbishopric, and to Krzemieniecki decanate which was part of Łuckie bishopric4. 1 K. Zamorski, Informator statystyczny do dziejów społeczno-gospodarczych Galicji. Ludność Galicji w latach 1857-1910, Kraków-Warszawa 1989, p. 72, 106. 2Z. Budzyński, Kresy południowo-wschodnie w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku, vol. III, Przemyśl-Rzeszów 2008, p. 48. 3 W. Kołbuk, Kościoły Wschodnie w Rzeczypospolitej około 1772 roku, Lublin 1998, p. 31. 4 S. Litak, Kościół łaciński w Rzeczypospolitej około 1772 r., Lublin 1996, p. 49. 4 Map 1. Galicia after Partition of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Categories of sources All sources described in this report may be divided into two broad categories. The first one includes documents produced by Greek Catholic and Roman Catholic parish offices for statistical purposes, i.e. the books of Status Animarum and confession registers. The second category is population censuses created for administrative purposes by the officials of the Habsburg Empire. 5 Ecclesiastical sources Roman Catholic parish offices were made responsible for keeping the books of Status Animarum by the decree of the Primate of Poland, archbishop Bernard Maciejowski, in 1607. They were reminded of this obligation once again in 1631 in the so called Rytuał Piotrkowski, which contained practical instructions concerning the introduction of reform decrees issued by the Council of Trent5. In practice, however, 17th-century books of Status Animarum from the lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth are hardly available and the bulk of the surviving books date back to the end of the 18th century onwards. According to the Rytuał Piotrkowski, registers were to include information about individual family members: their names and surnames, age, how they were related, names and surnames of unrelated members of the household living with the family, information about the reception of the Holy Communion at Easter, Confirmation, and the change in the place of living6. However, surviving material hardly ever follows the guidelines set by the Church. For example, in Przemyska and Lwowska dioceses parish registers were the first stage in the creation of parish files which are important sources of information about natural population movements. First, a book of Status Animarum was written and later names of newborns and immigrants were added to the list of parishioners, whereas the names of deceased parishioners or of those who left the parish were crossed out. The beginnings of confession registers date back to the Middle Ages, but the first mention of such registers in the lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth comes from the end of the 16th century. The oldest surviving registers come from the 18th century7. Confession books from the lands which are the subject matter of this project are extremely rare. They survived for very few individual parishes, like Hyżne parish in Przemyska diocese8, and the only area for which the number of surviving registers is bigger is Krzemieniecki decanate. They are in many respects similar to the books of Status Animarum because apart from noting annual confessions they also include the names of members of individual households, their age, how 5 B. Kumor, „Księgi status animarum w diecezjach polskich (do roku 1918)”, Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski 1 (1967), p. 90 6 B. Kumor, op.cit., p. 96. 7 B. Kumor, „Źródła do statystyki kościelnej na ziemiach polskich od połowy XVI do końca XIX wieku” [in:] Rozwój myśli i instytucji statystycznych na ziemiach polskich. Ogólnopolska konferencja naukowa z okazji 75-lecia Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego i 200-lecia statystyki polskiej, Kraków –Mogilany 24-25 maja 1993 r., Warszawa 1994, p. 39-48. 8 Z. Budzyński, M. Sochacka, „Ludność parafii Hyżne koło Rzeszowa w świetle spisów spowiedniczych z lat 1728– 1747”, [in:] Studia i materiały z dziejów społecznych Polski południowo-wschodniej, red. Zbigniewa Budzyńskiego, vol.1, Rzeszów 2003, p. 161-181 6 they were related one to another, and the list of unrelated members of the household. Thus confession registers may be used in the study of household structure. Map 2. Towns and villages in Eastern Galicia where Roman Catholic Status Animarum and Confessional Lists have survived Introduction of the books of Status Animarum in Greek Catholic parishes was connected with the carrying out of census of Greek Catholic population on the order of Lviv consistory issued in 1763 and Przemyśl bishop in 1767. Parish priests were supposed to make lists of both Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic inhabitants of their parishes, but the forms they were using were less detailed than Roman Catholic. Registers were to list families, children, lodgers and servants, but they did not contain information about these people’s age and did not indicate whether and how lodgers and servants were related to the head of the household9.