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Gustavo Gutierrez's Understanding of the Kingdom of God in the Light of the Second Vatican Council

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Gustavo Gutierrez's Understanding of the Kingdom of God in the Light of the Second Vatican Council Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 1999 Gustavo Gutierrez's Understanding of the Kingdom of God in the Light of the Second Vatican Council Victor Figueroa-Villarreal Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, History Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Figueroa-Villarreal, Victor, "Gustavo Gutierrez's Understanding of the Kingdom of God in the Light of the Second Vatican Council" (1999). Dissertations. 49. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/49 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. 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Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary GUSTAVO GUTIERREZ'S UNDERSTANDING OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD IN THE LIGHT OF THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Victor Figueroa-Villarreal November 1999 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number 9979889 Copyright 2000 by Figueroa-Villarreal, Victor All rights reserved. UMI UMI Microform9979889 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. e Copyright by Victor Figueroa 2 000 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GUSTAVO GUTIERREZ’S UNDERSTANDING OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD IN THE LIGHT OF THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Victor Figueroa-Villarreal APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: Adviser, Director, Ph.DvTh.D^'rogiams Atilio R. Dupertuis RandaU W. Younk Professor o f Theology N.&Hr Miroslav M. KiS Dean, SpArfheoiogi^rSeminary Professor o f Ethics WerafifK. Vyhmeistef Raoul Dederen Professor of Theology, Emeritus V t R. Knight r of Church History p f w - 10 , 2 - O c Q OsvaWe-L. Mottesi, Professorof Ketigion Date app•roved and Society Northern Baptist Theological Seminary Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT GUSTAVO GUTIERREZ'S UNDERSTANDING OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD IN THE LIGHT OF THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL by Victor Figueroa-Villarreal Adviser: Atilio R. Dupertuis Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: GUSTAVO GUTIERREZ'S UNDERSTANDING OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD IN THE LIGHT OF THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL Name of researcher: Victor Figueroa-Villarreal Name and degree of faculty chair: Atilio R. Dupertuis, Th.D. Date completed: November 1999 The proclamation of the Kingdom of God has been reformulated in every age and interpreted accordingly with regard to time and place. Traditionally within Roman Catholicism the Kingdom of God was identified with the church. This view produced a triumphalist attitude within the Roman Catholic Church. The Second Vatican Council brought a new attitude of openness toward the modern world, and with it the council opened the door for Roman Catholic liberation theologians to look for new ways to find what they regarded as the just solutions to the problems of Latin America. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The purpose of this research is to examine Gustavo Gutierrez's understanding of the Kingdom of God in the light of Vatican II's teachings. To attain this goal the study undertakes three tasks. First, it describes his understanding of the Kingdom. Second, it analyzes it. Third, it evaluates his understanding against the background of the Roman Catholic position as set forth in the documents of the Second Vatican Council. After a general overview of the historical and theological development of thought about God's Kingdom within Roman Catholicism, the dissertation focuses on the post-Vatican II developments in Latin American Roman Catholicism. It also investigates Gustavo Gutierrez as theologian--his life, methodology, and hermeneutics. Then this study describes and analyzes Gutierrez's view of the Kingdom of God, and the particular trends that may have influenced him, both regarding content and methodology. Attention is given to the way his view of God's Kingdom functions in his theology. It also includes the concept of the Kingdom of God as portrayed in the documents of the Second Vatican Council. Gutierrez adds the meaning of liberation to the concept of the Kingdom of God. However, this concept loses much of its impact on modern Roman Catholic theology mainly because of its sociopolitical emphasis. Though social Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. sciences can be a helpful tool for understanding the social condition in Latin America, they can never be the foundation of Christian faith and practice as suggested by Gutierrez. Furthermore, Gutierrez fails to acknowledge that the root of Latin American problems is to be found within human beings themselves. From their very birth, men and women, regardless their sociopolitical condition, have an innate predisposition to evil. One wonders, then, whether human beings in their sinful condition are able to build a less sinful society. Finally, the dissertation evaluates Gutierrez's understanding of the Kingdom in the light of Vatican II's teachings on the issue. The final conclusions are presented as well. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................ v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................... X Chapter I. INTRODUCTION .................................... 1 Gustavo Gutierrez's Relevance in the Current Debate on the Kingdom of God ............. 3 Statement and Justification of the Problem . 10 Review of Literature ......................... 13 Purpose and Scope of the S t u d y ............... 17 Outline of the S t u d y ......................... 17 II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ......................... 19 The Kingdom of God in the Roman Catholic Church from St. Augustine to Vatican II...... ..... 20 Protestant View on the Kingdom of God .... 37 Latin American Historical Context ........... 43 Roman Catholicism and the Conquest of Latin America ............................... 43 Roman Catholicism in Contemporary Latin America .............................. 4 9 Gustavo Gutierrez: The Theologian ........... 57 Biographical Survey ....................... 57 Gutierrez's Methodology and Hermeneutics . 60 Summary’ .....................................
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