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Water & Sanitation Services–Honiara's Informal Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Water and Sanitation Services for Informal Settlements in Honiara, Public Disclosure Authorized Solomon Islands Regina Souter and Pablo Orams AUGUST 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. Cover design: Jean Franz, Franz & Company, Inc. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Assistance to complete this assessment was provided by a range of people and organisations. Solomon Islands National University provided assistance with community consultations in informal settlements in and around Honiara. The staff of Solomon Water provided critical inputs to the feasibility of different water and sanitation service options. Representatives from local and national government provided important inputs to the feasibility and possibilities to improve water and sanitation in settlements. These included Ministry of Lands, Housing and Survey, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology, Honiara City Council. Resident of several settlements in Honiara (Burns Creek, Fulisango, Ohiola, Namoliki, RenLau) providing critical inputs to the demand, acceptability and feasibility of water and sanitation service approaches. The Community Access and Urban Services Enhancement Project (CAUSE) program, a partnership between Solomon Islands government and World Bank, provided valuable GIS information about Honiara’s settlements, Jose Fernandez (MIWM, IWC) provided critical capabilities to undertake GIS analyses. Page 2 WATER & SANITATION SERVICES – HONIARA’S INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS | AUGUST 2019 1 CONTENTS 1 Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2 Executive summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 3 Purpose and approach ................................................................................................................................................... 22 4 Characterisation of informal settlements ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Increasing urbanization of Honiara ...................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Informally Settled Areas of Honiara ..................................................................................................................... 28 4.3 ‘Informal settlements’ used for this study ........................................................................................................... 31 4.4 Honiara informal settler population estimates .................................................................................................... 37 4.5 Engaging with informal settlements - Communities and leadership .................................................................... 38 4.6 Water supplies ...................................................................................................................................................... 39 4.7 Sanitation practices .............................................................................................................................................. 41 4.8 Land tenure .......................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.9 Socio-economic situations .................................................................................................................................... 43 4.10 Willingness to pay for water ................................................................................................................................. 44 4.11 Environmental Conditions .................................................................................................................................... 45 4.12 Access (road, pedestrian) ..................................................................................................................................... 47 4.13 Distance to sewer and water mains ..................................................................................................................... 47 5 Service delivery options ................................................................................................................................................. 49 5.1 Shortlisting water and sanitation service delivery options .................................................................................. 49 5.2 Considerations for operationalising the shortlisted service delivery options in Honiara ..................................... 56 5.3 Priority water service delivery options ................................................................................................................. 57 Individual private household water connections using Cash Water (pre-payment) meters ......................................... 57 Shared private water connections using Cash Water .................................................................................................... 65 Water kiosks (connected to utility reticulated water systems) ..................................................................................... 70 Automated (e.g. Water ATM, token-taps) in central public places ................................................................................ 83 5.4 Priority sanitation options .................................................................................................................................... 84 Types of sanitation for Honiara’s informal settlements................................................................................................. 86 Community simplified sewers, community septic/ABR, with offsite effluent and sludge disposal ............................... 87 On-site sanitation options .............................................................................................................................................. 96 6 Alignment of service delivery options with key characteristics of Honiara’s informal settlements .............................. 97 6.1 Key characteristics influencing service delivery options ...................................................................................... 97 6.2 Decision-support trees for water and sanitation service delivery options – inked to Honiara settlement characteristics .................................................................................................................................................................... 98 Water service delivery decision tree - to support planning for Honiara’s informal settlements ................................... 98 Page 3 WATER & SANITATION SERVICES – HONIARA’S INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS | AUGUST 2019 Sanitation service delivery - decision tree to support planning for Honiara’s informal settlements ............................ 99 7 Recommendations for ways forward ........................................................................................................................... 100 8 References.................................................................................................................................................................... 105 9 Appendices ................................................................................................................................................................... 107 9.1 Water service delivery models considered......................................................................................................... 108 9.2 Sanitation service delivery models considered .................................................................................................. 109 9.3 Consultations on service delivery models: workshop with Solomon Water ...................................................... 114 9.4 Consultations on service delivery models: informal settlers .............................................................................. 120 9.5 On-Site Sanitation Options ................................................................................................................................
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