Basic Guide to Nepal
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Construction Technology of Multi-Tiered Temples and Their Rehabilitation After 2015 April Earthquake in Bhaktapur
Construction Technology of Multi-Tiered Temples and Their Rehabilitation after 2015 April Earthquake in Bhaktapur Rabina Shilpakar1, Prem Nath Maskey2, Pramila Silpakar3 Abstract Kathmandu Valley comprises of numerous tiered temples ranging from single-tiered to the multi-tiered. The 2015 Gorkha earthquake and the following aftershocks caused damages to many temples; the damages ranging from minor to few fully collapsed state. This paper focuses on Nepal’s tallest temple the Nyatapola, square-shaped in the plan and the Bhairavnath temple, rectangular-shape in the plan - representing the tiered temples with more than three tiers of the Kathmandu Valley. The paper investigates the employed indigenous construction technology, materials, structural and seismic performance of these temples. The paper also deliberates on the condition/ level of damage suffered by these temples during the 2015 earthquake; presents the existing condition and the ongoing reconstruction/ renovation works and interventions introduced following the recommendations of the structural, architectural and conservation experts. Keywords: Earthquake, technology, reconstruction, renovation Introduction Nepal is a culturally diversified and rich country in art and architecture. The Kathmandu Valley, in particular, has numerous temples of different styles/ types - shikhara, dome, and tiered temples. The tiered temples also vary from a single-tiered to five-tiered temples with its distinctive features. All the temples of the Kathmandu Valley constructed in the medieval period are based on the structural system of unreinforced brick masonry in mud mortar and wood. The tiered temples consist of various parts and elements performing the structural and decorative functions, and these elements are located at various strategic levels and places. -
Kasthamandap
asianart.com | articles Asianart.com offers pdf versions of some articles for the convenience of our visitors and readers. These files should be printed for personal use only. Note that when you view the pdf on your computer in Adobe reader, the links to main image pages will be active: if clicked, the linked page will open in your browser if you are online. This article can be viewed online at: http://asianart.com/articles/kasthamandap Kasthamandap: Microcosm of Kathmandu’s Living Culture and Storied History by Dipesh Risal September 03, 2015 (click on images to go to larger image and full captions) Kasthamandap is no more. It collapsed into a pile of rubble in the first of the earthquakes that rattled Nepal in April-May, 2015. Kasthamandap (literally Wooden Hall), originally a public rest-house (sattal), has also served many social and religious functions over its lifetime. It was easily the oldest standing building in all of Nepal, dating back to at least 1143 CE. Kasthamandap underwent numerous repairs, remodeling, and renovations over the centuries. However, the large platform with its surrounding quartet of tall, one-piece, “ship-mast” pillars and carved capitals – collectively making up its defining core – most likely date from the original foundation. Kasthamandap is also the largest structure ever built in the traditional triple-tiered roof style. In Nepal, its grand interior space was never surpassed until the eighteenth century. Further, it alone preserves the original configuration and may have established some sort of prototype for a suite of sattals built during the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. -
Club Health Assessment MBR0087
Club Health Assessment for District 325A1 through April 2021 Status Membership Reports Finance LCIF Current YTD YTD YTD YTD Member Avg. length Months Yrs. Since Months Donations Member Members Members Net Net Count 12 of service Since Last President Vice Since Last for current Club Club Charter Count Added Dropped Growth Growth% Months for dropped Last Officer Rotation President Activity Account Fiscal Number Name Date Ago members MMR *** Report Reported Report *** Balance Year **** Number of times If below If net loss If no When Number Notes the If no report on status quo 15 is greater report in 3 more than of officers thatin 12 months within last members than 20% months one year repeat do not haveappears in two years appears appears appears in appears in terms an active red Clubs less than two years old SC 138770 Bansbari 07/12/2019 Active 41 15 0 15 57.69% 26 0 N 1 $600.02 P,MC 138952 Bargachhi Green City 07/12/2019 Active 25 1 0 1 4.17% 24 4 N 5 142398 Biratnagar A One 08/09/2020 Active 32 32 0 32 100.00% 0 2 N 1 M,MC,SC 138747 Biratnagar Birat Medical 07/12/2019 Active 21 1 0 1 5.00% 20 3 N 3 90+ Days P,S,T,M,VP 138954 Biratnagar Capital City 07/12/2019 Active 20 0 0 0 0.00% 20 21 1 None N/R 90+ Days MC,SC M,MC,SC 140415 Biratnagar Entrepreneur 01/06/2020 Active 18 0 0 0 0.00% 20 10 2 R 10 90+ Days M 139007 Biratnagar Greater 07/12/2019 Active 31 8 3 5 19.23% 26 1 4 3 N 3 Exc Award (06/30/2020) VP 139016 Biratnagar Health Professional 07/12/2019 Active 26 4 1 3 13.04% 23 1 0 N 3 Exc Award (06/30/2020) 138394 Biratnagar Mahanagar -
Kathmandu Guidebook.P65
AttractionsAttractions ininKathmanduKathmandu AND ITS SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT A GUIDE BOOK Ananda Kumar Maharjan Ammar Raj Guni Attractions in Kathmandu AND ITS SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT A GUIDE BOOK Ananda Kumar Maharjan Ammar Raj Guni Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................... Traveland Tourismhas been regarded as the world's biggest business and most fruitful industry in the world and many nations have made heavy investments in this sector. Nepal is an important tourist destination in the world tourism map with its vast potentials of natural attractions, socio-cultural values and archaeological heritages. Tourismhas wider implications encompassing not only economic benefits but also social and cultural benefits as well. It also encompasses environmental, educational and political significance. Nepal offers tourists a breath-taking experience of nature and ever-present mountain scenery, including Everest, the world's highest peak. Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal has an incredibly rich cultural heritage, both built and living. This includes intriguing historic living cities, overflowing with monuments some of which are of great antiquity. It has many styles of traditional settlement, all set against some of the world's most dramatic mountain scenery. Festivals, often dating from pre-history, still abound and are filled with vitality and colour. The city is blessed by a pleasant year-round climate, affording stunning mountain views for much of the year. In addition to this the city is peopled by an unfailingly friendly population who are generally very happy to share their innate hospitality as well as their many customs and traditions with visitors. Kathmandu has an immense amount to offer both the general and special interest visitor and it developed as one of the world's most fashionable long haul exotic destinations. -
Geochronologies from the Kathmandu Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site
Geoarchaeological Assessment of Post-earthquake Kasthamandap Working Paper 3 May 2019 Geochronologies from the Kathmandu Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site: Optically Stimulated Luminescence measurement of monument foundation sediments and radiocarbon measurement of timbers. Kinnaird, T.C.1, and Simpson, I.A.2 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews 2School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling Nepal was struck by two major earthquakes on the 25th April and the 12th May 2015, which devastated large areas of the county, with substantial loss of life and livelihoods, and destroying both rural and urban infrastructure and property. The earthquakes and associated aftershocks damaged and destroyed much of Nepal’s unique cultural heritage, including monuments within the Kathmandu Valley’s UNESCO World Heritage Site of Universal Outstanding Value. These damaged monuments are currently subject to a major program of consultation, reconstruction and conservation. As part of this, geoarchaeological investigations are underway on the foundation sediments of the collapsed monuments within the damaged Durbar Squares of Hanuman Dhoka and Bhaktapur and the temple complex of Pashupati. This report summaries: a) the OSL investigations on foundation sediments to the Changu Narayan and Vatsala Temples (Bhaktapur) and Jaisideval, Kathamandap, Pashupati and Trailokya Mohan Temples (Kathmandu; Table 1).; b) the radiocarbon measurements from timbers salvanged from the Kasthsmandap monument The background to these investigations, and the descriptions of the methods and protocols used in determining luminescence ages have been presented in three interim reports – Kinnaird et al. (2016), Kinnaird and Simpson (2018) and Kinnaird et al. (2018). The technical details are not re- produced here, but a summary of the techniques and protocols employed in the OSL analyses is appended in ‘Supplementary Data Files’. -
Debating Identity: Reflections on Coverage of Dharaharā and Kāṣṭhmaṇḍap Post Gorkha-Earthquake 2015
Debating Identity: Reflections on Coverage of Dharaharā and Kāṣṭhmaṇḍap Post Gorkha-Earthquake 2015 Abhas Dharananda Rajopadhyaya Abstract The 7.8 Mw Gorkhā-earthquake in April 2015, took 8,857 lives, injured 21,952, destroyed 755,549 buildings, 581 heritages and cost an estimated approximate $513.38 billion. Many heritage sites, including those enlisted in the World Heritage Site, were damaged due to this disaster. The fall of Dharaharā, among all cultural-historical sites, was given (un- ) due attention by many national media, owing to high number of deaths and as a popular landmark of the city. This modern elite tower structure was presented as symbol of national unity and of 'rising back'. But there are other important public heritages too — many centuries older than Dharaharā and they too had stories of deaths, of injuries and of survivals, but received a very small space or almost none in the national media. I take an example of Kāṣṭhamaṇḍap that hosted over 54 people during the earthquake. I have used the method of qualitative content analysis to discuss the construction of identity by national media. Keywords: Gorkha earthquake, heritage, Kasthamandap, Dharahara, media coverage, qualitative analysis, reconstruction, identity 68 Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal 7 (1) Background Nepal has, for centuries, been prone to disasters, including earthquakes with major ones hitting almost once every century. Earthquakes, from the historically recorded 1223 AD (1280 BS) earthquake1 or that of 1255 AD (NS 375 or 1312 BS) claiming life of reigning King Abhaya Malla (reign: 1216 – 1255 AD) and one-third of the city population to as recent as those in 1834 AD, 1934 AD and now 2015 AD are major ones of the respective centuries that proved disastrous for the nation. -
Community Based Participatory Approach in Cultural Heritage Reconstruction: a Case Study of Kasthamandap
Community based participatory approach in Cultural Heritage Reconstruction: A case study of Kasthamandap Rija Joshi1, Alina Tamrakar2, Binita Magaiya3 Abstract Kasthamandap, a centrally located monument in the old settlement of Kathmandu, is the 7th century structure, from which the name of Kathmandu valley originated. Kasthamandap was originally a public rest house and holds social, cultural and religious significance. The 25th April Gorkha earthquake completely collapsed the monument and it took a year before the government disclosed its reconstruction plan. However, the preparations were not satisfactory. The proposed plans severely contradicted with the traditional construction system. The introduction of modern materials such as steel and concrete made the aesthetic and artistic values of the monument to lose its original identity. The general public couldn’t accommodate with the idea of our national heritage being rebuilt with considerably newer materialistic ideas and a large public outcry against the proposal was seen. The necessity of reconstruction using traditional methods and materials with equal involvement of the community was realised to maintain identity, increase community belongingness and to connect new generation with the heritage. Therefore, a community initiative to rebuild Kasthamandap started with the involvement of diverse groups from the community. This paper discusses the observations, learning and achievements of community participation of the Kasthamandap rebuilding process. Further, the paper includes exploration of both tangible and intangible aspect and its benefits for overall heritage knowledge of Kathmandu valley. This paper presents an exemplary participatory heritage-making concept, which can be a learning for heritage reconstructions in future. Key words: Cultural Heritage, Community participation, Reconstruction, Conservation 1. -
UPDATED REPORT KATHMANDU VALLEY WORLD HERITAGE SITE (Nepal) (C 121 Bis) 1 FEBRUARY 2019 Submitted By: Government of Nepal Minist
UPDATED REPORT KATHMANDU VALLEY WORLD HERITAGE SITE (Nepal) (C 121 bis) 1 FEBRUARY 2019 Submitted by: Government of Nepal Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal Telephone: +977 1 4250683 Facsimile: +977 1 4262856 E-mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 42 COM 7 B.Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) (C 121) SECTION A RESPONSE TO POINTS MADE BY THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE REFER 42COM 7B. SECTION B MANAGEMENT AND AWARENESS ACTIVITIES 1. COORDINATION THROUGH EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE COORDINATION OFFICE 2. IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSERVATION GUIDELINE AND MANUAL 3. COORDINATIVE WORKING COMMITTEE MEETINGS (CWC) 4. PHOTO EXHIBITION 5. TRAINING ON CAPACITY BUILDING 6. AWARENESS PROGRAM TO STAKEHOLDERS 7. ESTABLISHMENT OF CHIMS 8. SOIL CHARACTERIZATION STUDY OF SWAYAMBHU HILL 9. WELCOMING JOINT WORLD HERITAGE ADVISORY MISSION SECTION C STATE OF CONSERVATION REPORTS FROM INDIVIDUAL MONUMENT ZONES 1. HANUMAN DHOKA DURBAR SQUARE PROTECTED MONUMENT ZONE 2. PATAN DURBAR SQUARE MONUMENT ZONE 3. BHAKTAPUR DURBAR SQUARE PROTECTED MONUMENT ZONE 4. BAUDDHANATH PROTECTED MONUMENT ZONE 5. SWAYAMBHU PROTECTED MONUMENT ZONE 6. PASHUPATI AREA PROTECTED MONUMENT ZONE 7. CHANGU NARAYAN PROTECTED MONUMENT ZONE 2 Introduction The seven Protected Monument Zones, which are very important for the archaeological, historical, cultural, religious and many other values, were enlisted on the World Heritage list in 1979 as Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Property. The seven in one site consists, Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, Swayambhu Bauddha, Pashupati and Changu Narayan Protected Monument Zones. Department of Archaeology is the sole national authority of Government of Nepal for the conservation and management of the World Heritage property of Nepal. -
Overview Report of the Nepal Cultural Emergency Crowdmap Initiative 19 May 2015 Acknowledgements
Overview Report of the Nepal Cultural Emergency Crowdmap Initiative 19 May 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As the news of a massive earthquake in Nepal broke out, ICCROM, ICOMOS-ICORP and their combined network of heritage professionals decided to put up the Kathmandu Cultural Emergency Crowdmap to gather on-the-ground reports in order to provide a consistent situation overview. This initiative was successful in gathering valuable information thanks to the contributions of several institutions namely, the Smithsonian Institution, USA, the Disaster Relief Task Force of the International Council of Museums (ICOM-DRTF) and UNESCO office in Kathmandu, Nepal. Social media reports of cultural heritage professionals working in Nepal helped in gathering reports of damage to cultural heritage beyond the Kathmandu Valley. In particular the core team of the crowdmap wishes to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of: Dina Bangdel, Randolph Langenbach, Prof. Arun Menon, Tapash Paul, Neelam Pradhananga, Swosti Rajbhandari, Sudarshan Raj Tiwari, Rakshya Rayamajhi, Kai Weise. Crowdmap core team: Céline Allain, Emergency response coordinator, National Library of France / FAC 2015 Participant Jennifer Copithorne, ICCROM Jonathan Eaton, Cultural Heritage without Borders–Albania / FAC 2015 Participant Rohit Jigyasu, President, ICOMOS-ICORP Elke Selter, Cultural heritage consultant Aparna Tandon, Crowdmap initiative coordinator, ICCROM Report compiled and edited by: Jonathan Eaton, CHwB–Albania Disclaimer: The contents of this report are based on crowd sourced information and individual reports on damage to cultural sites and collections in Nepal, and which remain to be verified through detailed on-site assessments. 2 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 4 A. CRISIS overview 5 B. KEY ACTORS 6 C. Nepal’S cultural HeritaGE 6 D. -
ROJ BAHADUR KC DHAPASI 2 Kamalapokhari Branch ABS EN
S. No. Branch Account Name Address 1 Kamalapokhari Branch MANAHARI K.C/ ROJ BAHADUR K.C DHAPASI 2 Kamalapokhari Branch A.B.S. ENTERPRISES MALIGAON 3 Kamalapokhari Branch A.M.TULADHAR AND SONS P. LTD. GYANESHWAR 4 Kamalapokhari Branch AAA INTERNATIONAL SUNDHARA TAHAGALLI 5 Kamalapokhari Branch AABHASH RAI/ KRISHNA MAYA RAI RAUT TOLE 6 Kamalapokhari Branch AASH BAHADUR GURUNG BAGESHWORI 7 Kamalapokhari Branch ABC PLACEMENTS (P) LTD DHAPASI 8 Kamalapokhari Branch ABHIBRIDDHI INVESTMENT PVT LTD NAXAL 9 Kamalapokhari Branch ABIN SINGH SUWAL/AJAY SINGH SUWAL LAMPATI 10 Kamalapokhari Branch ABINASH BOHARA DEVKOTA CHOWK 11 Kamalapokhari Branch ABINASH UPRETI GOTHATAR 12 Kamalapokhari Branch ABISHEK NEUPANE NANGIN 13 Kamalapokhari Branch ABISHEK SHRESTHA/ BISHNU SHRESTHA BALKHU 14 Kamalapokhari Branch ACHUT RAM KC CHABAHILL 15 Kamalapokhari Branch ACTION FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION TRUST GAHANA POKHARI 16 Kamalapokhari Branch ACTIV NEW ROAD 17 Kamalapokhari Branch ACTIVE SOFTWARE PVT.LTD. MAHARAJGUNJ 18 Kamalapokhari Branch ADHIRAJ RAI CHISAPANI, KHOTANG 19 Kamalapokhari Branch ADITYA KUMAR KHANAL/RAMESH PANDEY CHABAHIL 20 Kamalapokhari Branch AFJAL GARMENT NAYABAZAR 21 Kamalapokhari Branch AGNI YATAYAT PVT.LTD KALANKI 22 Kamalapokhari Branch AIR NEPAL INTERNATIONAL P. LTD. HATTISAR, KAMALPOKHARI 23 Kamalapokhari Branch AIR SHANGRI-LA LTD. Thamel 24 Kamalapokhari Branch AITA SARKI TERSE, GHYALCHOKA 25 Kamalapokhari Branch AJAY KUMAR GUPTA HOSPITAL ROAD 26 Kamalapokhari Branch AJAYA MAHARJAN/SHIVA RAM MAHARJAN JHOLE TOLE 27 Kamalapokhari Branch AKAL BAHADUR THING HANDIKHOLA 28 Kamalapokhari Branch AKASH YOGI/BIKASH NATH YOGI SARASWATI MARG 29 Kamalapokhari Branch ALISHA SHRESTHA GOPIKRISHNA NAGAR, CHABAHIL 30 Kamalapokhari Branch ALL NEPAL NATIONAL FREE STUDENT'S UNION CENTRAL OFFICE 31 Kamalapokhari Branch ALLIED BUSINESS CENTRE RUDRESHWAR MARGA 32 Kamalapokhari Branch ALLIED INVESTMENT COMPANY PVT. -
Nepali Times
#33 9 - 15 March 2001 20 pages Rs 20 KHURSANI SPECIAL 10-11 19 Under my hat RECIPES FOR DISASTER 20 RAMYATA LIMBU IN MADICHAUR, ROLPA EXCLUSIVE ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ut here in the remote hills of mid- Western Nepal, it is difficult to Delhi sneezes… oimagine we are in the middle of a war Indian finance minister zone. This is an idyllic land: the clear, cool Yashwant Sinha did not to have Madi River flowing past ripening fields of a SAD—special additional wheat; cabbage plots watered by sprinklers; duty—in his budget proposal goats and cattle being herded to pasture; this year, but has introduced village women carrying gagris of water from the Today, there is peace. But it is a peace of acquiescence. another acronym that could still spring; children returning from school. It could be a sad story for Nepali be anywhere in Nepal. But this is Madichaur exports, especially in Ward No 1 of the Junkot Village manufactures Development Committee, and it is under using high Indian complete control of the Communist Party of raw material Nepal (Maoist). content. He will It wasn’t always this peaceful here. Till replace two years ago, the villagers were getting caught countervailing in the crossfire between the guerrillas and the duty charged on police, and the valleys reverberated with the LIMBU RAMYATA export prices with sound of gunfire and explosions. The Maoists a flat 16 percent had started systematically attacking the remote on the Maximum police posts, killing enough of them for the Retail Price police to withdraw to their fortified district Ruins of police chowki at Ghartigaon destroyed in a Maoist attack in March 2000. -
2015 Nepal Earthquake Event Recap Report
Aon Benfield Analy tics | Impact Forecasting 2015 Nepal Earthquake Event Recap Report September 2015 Risk. Reinsurance. Human Resources. Aon Benfield Analy tics | Impact Forecasting Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Seismological Recap 5 Human Casualty 9 Property Effects 10 Commercial Effects 13 Utility Effects 15 Infrastructure Effects 15 Impact Forecasting Reconnaissance 16 Impact Forecasting: Real-Time Response 26 Financial Losses 29 Appendix A 34 Appendix B 35 Appendix C 37 Contact Information 38 2015 Nepal Earthquake Event Recap Report 2 Aon Benfield Analy tics | Impact Forecasting Executive Summary A major magnitude-7.8 earthquake struck central Nepal on April 25, 2015, leaving catastrophic impacts across the country. It was the largest earthquake to strike Nepal in over 80 years. That tremor, plus subsequent aftershocks, left more than 9,100 people dead and nearly 25,000 others injured. Extensive damage was recorded throughout Nepal, particularly in the capital city of Kathmandu. The main jolt was later followed by a major magnitude-7.3 aftershock on May 12, 2015. Ground shaking from the first earthquake lasted for two minutes according to local reports and was felt as far away as New Delhi in India, Lahore in Pakistan, Lhasa in Tibet, and Dhaka in Bangladesh. Minimally 379 aftershocks rattled Nepal and the surrounding region with magnitudes 4.0 or greater in the months after the event, including five which registered above magnitude-6.0. Extensive catastrophic damage to property was reported throughout central Nepal, including in Kathmandu and throughout the Kathmandu Valley. Hundreds of thousands of buildings collapsed across many parts of Nepal as a result of the earthquakes, and the combined total of houses destroyed stood at 605,254.