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Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and Their Associated Predators at Different Plantations of Sugar Beet Amany A

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Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and Their Associated Predators at Different Plantations of Sugar Beet Amany A J. Plant Prot. and Path., Mansoura Univ., Vol.8 (12): 651 – 656, 2017 Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and their Associated Predators at Different Plantations of Sugar Beet Amany A. Khalifa Biological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt ABSTRACT Sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L. has been introduced into Egypt by late1970s to share sugar cane in satisfying reqiurements of sugar consumers. This crop is liable to infestations by several insect pests. The current study was carried out at sugar beet fields at Sidi Salem District, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons to monitor population dynamics of the most abundant insects, predators and parasitoids at sugar beet fields. Kawemira cultivar was sown in three plantations; early (August plantation), medium (September plantation) and late (October plantation). Cassida vittata, Vill. was recorded in few numbers in the early and medium plantations, but was relatively more occurring in the late one (12.55 – 16.31 adults/25 sugar beet plants), particularly during April and May. Pegomyia mixta Vill. took almost tha same trend, but it was more detected during February, March and April. Aphis spp. were found with moderate numbers in 2016/17 season (17.58 – 28.30 nymphs and adults/25 plants), but were more occurring in October and November on sugar beet plants of August and September plantations. Empoasca lybica (De Berg) nymphs and adults were recorded in considerable numbers during spring. Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) larvae were obtained in very low numbers, but its population density was relatively higher in December in sugar beet plots of the early plantation. Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) larvae displayed moderate population density (5.48 –7.74) in the first plantation, particularly in September and October, but its numbers were very low throughout remaining examinations. Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Boyd) larvae were found in high numbers in sugar beet plants of October plantation (37.12 – 38.69 per 25 sugar beet plants). The predatory coccinellids were more detected in the first plantation (6.24 – 16.13) than in the second (3.44 – 7.08) and the third plantation (2.00 – 3.21 adults/25 sugar beet plants). Other than coccinellid predators, Rhizobius litura (Fabr.), Paederus alfierii Koch. and Orius sp., were surveyed. In addition, two parasitoids were surveyed; Pimpla roborator (Fab) and Bracon sp. INTRODUCTION alfierii (Mesbah, 1991), Coccinella undecimpunctata (El-Zoghby, 1999) and Scymnus spp. (Bazazo, 2005). Sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L. (Fam. As for parasitoids, occurring in sugar beet fields, Chenopodiaceae) roots have 12-21% sugar content. So, Shalaby and Hendawy (2007) recorded five egg- this crop is grown commercially for producing sugar. parasitoid species of the leafhopper, Empoasca Sugar beet has been introduced into Egypt by late1970s decipiens ; four of which are belonging to Mymaridae, to share sugar cane in fulfilling the increasing and one species is belonging to Trichogrammatidae. On requirements of sugar consumers. Sugar beet is grown the other hand, Bazazo (2010) surveyed 38 parasitoid in temperate regions, while sugar cane is grown species from sugar beet fields, belonging to 20 families exclusively in tropical and subtropical zones. of Hymenoptera. Accordingly, Ministry of Agriculture and Land The current study was carried out for two sugar Reclamation, in Egypt, encourages the growers to grow beet seasons; 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at Sidi Salem sugar beet over sugar cane as a water saving measure. District, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate to survey insect Accordingly, sugar beet has become, since 2013, the pest species and their associated predators and first source of sugar in Egypt, while the sugar cane parasitoids occurring in sugar beet fields. In addition, ranks second. In 2015/2016 season, total area cultivated population fluctuation of most common arthropods were with sugar beet reached 545,000 feddans (about 227,000 monitored. hectares), from which about 45% has been cultivated at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate (lower Egypt, near to the MATERIALS AND METHODS Mediterranean sea coast) (Anonymous, 2016). The key insect pests of sugar beet are Pegomyia The present study was carried out at sugar beet mixta Vill, Cassida vittata , Vill, Scrobipalpa ocellatella fields at Sidi Salem location, Kafr El-Sheikh (Boyd), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), Spodoptera Governorate during 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons. The littoralis Boisd and S. exigua (Hubner) (Isakandar, investigation aimed to survey the occurring insects, as 1982, Bassyouni, 1998, Talha, 2001 and Shalaby et al ., well as the dominant predators and parasitoids. The 2011). population fluctuations of the most abundant insects Sugar beet is cultivated in Egypt, in three were monitored trough visual examination in an area of plantations; August, September and October. The early about three feddans. The sugar beet cultivar, Kawemira plantation may suffer serious infestation by the cotton was sown in three plantations, each of about one feddan. In 2015/16, sowing dates were 1 st of August, 1 st of leafworm, S. littoralis , while the late one is subject to rd high infestations with C. vittata and S. ocellatella (Abd September and 3 of October for the first, second and El-Ghany, 1995; El-Khouly, 2000; Shalaby, 2000 and third plantations, respectively. The corresponding dates in the second season were 3 rd of August, 25 th of Bazazo, 2010). th Fortunately, sugar beet ecosystem has enormous September and 15 of October. Normal agricultural natural enemies that should be wisely conserved to keep practices were followed, as recommended, but without the insect pests beyond the economic threshold levels. any pesticide application. Insect predators are important biological control agents, About one month after sowing of each plantation, which can manage insect pest attacks. Mostly surveyed 25 sugar beet plants were weekly examined for insect insect predators from sugar beet fields were Paederus pests, predators and parasitoids. Amany A. Khalifa RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Myzus persicae as major insect pests of sugar beet. Similar results were obtained by El-Dessouki et al . 1. Survey of insects, insect predators and parasitoids (204) and Hossein (2016). occurring in sugar beet plantations: 2. Population dynamics: Data presented in Table (1) show the insects, Cassida vittata : insect predators and parasitoids surveyed from sugar Data in Table (2) show that sugar beet plants of beet plantations, at Sidi Salem District, Kafr El-Sheikh August and September plantations suffered very low Governorate for two successive seasons; 2015/16 and infestation with C. vittata ; 4. 50 and 3.17 larvae and 2016/17. Eight major insect pests were surveyed; adults 125 sugar beet plants respectively in 2015/16 Cassida vittata Vill., Pegomyia mixta Vill., Aphis spp., seasons, and 0.58 and 2.33 larvae and adults in 2016/17 Empoasca lybica (De Berg), Spodoptera littoralis seasons. However, the highest insect population density Boisd.; S. exigua (Hubner), Scrobipalpa ocellatella was detected in October plantation; with values of 60.33 (Boyd) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). In addition, and 66.00 larvae and adults 125 plants in the first and four insects were surveyed as minor ones; Lixus junci second seasons, respectively. It was obvious that C. Bohman, Nezara viridula (L.), Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) vittata population density was very high during March, and Pseudococcus spp. April and May in sugar beet plants of October Table 1. Insects, insect predatros and parasitoids plantation. surveyed from sugar beet fields, Sidi Salem Table 2. Cassida vittata population density as affected District, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, by sugarbeet planting date, Sidi Salem 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons. District, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Category Insect species Number of larvae and adults / 25 plants Cassida vittata, Vill. 2015/16 season 2015/16 season Pegomyia mixta Vill. Date Aphis spp. Aug. Sept. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Plant. Plant. Plant. Plant. Plant. Plant. Major insects Empoasca lybica (De Berg) Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) Sept.1 0 - - 0 - - Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) 15 0 - - 0 - - Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Boyd) Oct.1 0 - - 0 - - Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) 15 0 - - 0 - - Lixus junci Boheman Nov.1 0 0 - 0 0 - 15 0 0 - 0 0 - Minor insects Nezara viridula, (L.) Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Dec.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudococcus spp. 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman) Jan.1 12 0 0 0 0 0 Casual insects Sitona lividipes Fahaeus 15 18 5 5 3 0 4 Earias insulana (Boisd) Feb.1 16 16 15 2 24 11 Coccinella undecimpunctata L. 15 8 3 14 3 4 14 Scymnus interruptus ( Goeze) Mar.1 - 6 228 - 1 10 Scymnus syriacus Mars. 15 - 8 208 - 0 116 Scymnus spp. April 1 - 0 31 - 0 290 Insect predators Rhizobius litura (Fabr.) 15 Paederus alfierii Koch. - 0 31 - 0 50 Orius sp. May 1 - - 110 - - 157 Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) 15 - - 82 - - 140 Monomorium phraonis (Lin.) Average 60.33 0.58 2.33 66.00 However, three casual insect species were Abdel-Raheem (2000) recorded the first surveyed as visitors. Collected insect predators were appearance of C. vittata , in sugar beet fields by the found belonging mainly to Coccinellidae, in addition to second week of March, and its population densities Staphylinidae, Anthocoridae, Chrysopidae and increased during May. However, El-Khouly (2006) Formicidae. Survey revealed the occurrence of two found that the initial appearance of this beetle occurred parasitoids; Pimpla roborator (Fab.) and Bracon sp. early at Kafr El-Sheikh region, as the pest was detected A similar study was carried out by Boraei et al . in January, and reached its peak in April. El-Sherief et (1993), at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, including Sidi al . (2013) recorded the peaks of C. vittata late in the Salem District and revealed the occurrence of 44 insect season; April, June or May . At Kafr El-Sheikh region, species at sugar beet fields; from which 20 were El-Desouki et al .
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