Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Biodiversity Review 2013 a Review of the Last Ten Years of Nature Conservation at Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve
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Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Biodiversity Review 2013 A review of the last ten years of nature conservation at Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve. Andy Phillips April 2013 Flat 5, 21 West Hill Road, St Leonards On Sea, East Sussex TN38 0NA • [email protected] Table of Contents Foreword iii 1. Summary 1 1.1. Purpose of the Biodiversity Report 1 1.2. Report Summary 1 2. Introduction 2 2.1. Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve 2 2.2. Biodiversity Overview 2 2.2.1. Soft rock cliff 2 2.2.2. Maritime heath and grassland 3 2.2.3. Semi-natural neutral grassland and meadow 3 2.2.4. Ancient gill woodland 4 3. Biodiversity Surveys 5 3.1. List of Surveys 5 3.1.1. Invertebrates 5 3.1.2. Botanical 6 3.1.3. Birds 6 3.1.4. Dormouse 7 3.2. Proposed Future Survey Programme 8 4. Habitats 9 4.1. Maritime Cliff 9 4.1.1. Cathormiocerus myrmecophilus conservation 9 Andy Phillips Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Biodiversity Review 2013 i 4.2. Maritime Heath 10 4.3. Ancient Gill Woodland 11 4.4. Semi-natural Grassland 11 4.5. Arable Farmland 13 5. Species 14 5.1. Birds 14 5.2. Plants 25 5.2.1. Heathland habitat monitoring 25 5.2.2. Semi-natural grassland & arable margins. 27 5.3. Invertebrates 30 5.3.1. Species Accounts 36 5.4 Dormouse 39 6. Assessment & Future Management 40 6.1. Maritime Cliff 40 6.2. Maritime Heath 40 6.3. Ancient Gill Woodland 41 6.4. Semi-natural Grassland 41 6.5. Arable Farmland 42 6.6 Surveys & Monitoring Data 42 7. Acknowledgements 43 8. References 44 Andy Phillips Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Biodiversity Review 2013 ii Foreword Hastings Borough boasts 7 Local Nature Reserves, three Sites of Special Scientific Interest and one European designated site. For a small urban Borough, that is very impressive. Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve is the largest of these nature areas. It incorporates a range of land uses and habitats from arable farmland, to grazed pasture, ancient gill woodlands, lowland heathland and some of the most spectacular coastal scenery anywhere in the South East. The Council and its partners have worked hard over the years to consistently raise the standard of management of the Reserve, ensuring it is a haven for both wildlife and people. It is just over 10 years since we took back a failing farm, incorporated it with the country park and started to focus our management to increase biodiversity at the Reserve. We thought it was now time to take stock to assess how we are progressing with achieving that objective. At a time when the UK is losing biodiversity at an alarming rate, Hastings Council, the Friends of Hastings Country Park and all the volunteers at the Park have been collecting data, surveying wildlife and improving habitats; all with the single aim of increasing the biodiversity of the Reserve. The report outlines major increases in habitats and details monitoring data for species. We have set a base line upon which our future management can be monitored. It is heartening to know that so many people continue to be inspired by Hastings Country Park, working together for the good of the Reserve, helping reverse the decline in the UK's biodiversity and ensure Hastings Country Country Park Nature Reserves remains one of the premier nature reserves in the UK. Councillor John Hodges, Chair of Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Management Forum Andy Phillips Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Biodiversity Review 2013 iii 1. Summary 1.1. Purpose of the Biodiversity Report Hastings Borough Council commissioned this report to review the effects of current management on the biodiversity of Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve over the last few years since the new management plan rotation and Countryside Stewardship was implemented. The council is also pursuing an application for Higher Level Stewardship for the site to replace the current Countryside Stewardship. This report will provide a current overview and status of the biodiversity of the nature reserve gained through recent surveys and monitoring schemes. The report looks in detail at the current status of key habitats and species groups outlining the effects of current management on habitats and species and providing management suggestions for the future. 1.2. Report Summary The report notes success in enlarging and enhancement of maritime cliff-top habitats, maritime heath, semi-natural grassland and wildlife rich arable farmland. This includes an increase in the amount of semi-natural grassland within the reserve from 6ha to 37ha. Current non-intervention management of gill woodland and undercliff is still being maintained therefore protecting habitats for key species groups associated with these dynamic habitats. Extensive survey and monitoring schemes have been very successful in providing informed feedback that can ensure management continues to protect and enhance the biodiversity of the reserve. This has been most notable with breeding bird, wintering bird and ringing studies, plant & habitat monitoring and the delivery of a detailed invertebrate assemblage survey. This has also been supported by dormice monitoring, reptile monitoring and small mammal trapping. Despite the exceptional work carried out by the council, the Friends of Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve and volunteers there are still a great deal of improvements that can be made. Gorse regeneration is the now the biggest threat to maritime heath and cliff-top habitats now that bracken control has had an impact, although the bracken control management must continue as there are still areas where bracken dominates. Diversity in grazing is also required now that that the heavy disturbance caused by cattle and pony grazing has been effective in controlling bracken on heathland areas. Due to the essential prioritising of work to restore nationally scarce habitats within the SSSI and SAC other habitats within the reserve but outside the SSSI/SAC need some attention. This is most notable with regard to invasive species affecting standing freshwater habitat on farmland and gorse control in the Norths Seat area. Northern Fulmar Sickle-bearing Bush-cricket Kidney Vetch Andy Phillips Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Biodiversity Review 2013 1 2. Introduction 2.1. Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve is a picturesque area of coastal gill woodland, sandstone and clay cliffs, heathland and farmland. It sits within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. On clear days there are spectacular views overlooking the coastline from Beachy Head to Dungeness, and as far as Folkestone and France. This stunning landscape has inspired many artists, including JMW Turner and the Pre-Raphaelites. The cliffs here are rich in fossils and have yielded many specimens of dinosaurs, pterosaurs, turtles, crocodiles and plesiosaurs. This site is one of only a handful in the world to have produced early mammal fossils. The nature reserve covers 345 hectares (853 acres) of coastal gill woodland, heathland, grassland and farmland together with five kilometres (three miles) of dramatic soft rock cliffs and coastline. Much of the area has been designated a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) because of the presence of the special wildlife and geologically rich soft rock cliff and slope. Most of the cliff-top area, and a smaller area of heathland at North’s Seat, were declared a country park under the 1968 Countryside Act in 1971. Hastings Country Park and the adjacent Fairlight Place Farm were declared a local nature reserve (LNR) in May 2006. The reserve is also of archaeological importance because of the impressive number of archaeological finds and landmarks. A large area of East Hill is a scheduled ancient monument and much of the reserve has been identified as an area of archaeological interest. The reserve is part of a network of seven local nature reserves and two proposed local nature reserves in Hastings. The other sites are Filsham Reedbed (part of Combe Haven SSSI), Marline Valley (part of Marline Valley SSSI), St Helens Wood, Old Roar Gill (part of Alexandra Park), Church Wood & Robsack Wood, and Summerfields Wood. Ponds Wood and South Saxons Wetlands are also proposed local nature reserves. East Hill Cliff Brakey Bank Bluebells Ecclesbourne Meadow 2.2. Biodiversity Overview Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve is one of the largest nature reserves in Sussex. The complex mosaic of habitats that exist within the site supports a rich diversity of wildlife which is of importance for global biodiversity conservation. Each habitat within the site supports a distinctive community of species including some very special wildlife. 2.2.1. Soft rock cliff The cretaceous clays and sands that make up the soft rock coastal cliffs from Rock-a-Nore to Cliff End support a rich invertebrate fauna and cliff nesting bird population. A diverse mosaic of soft rock cliff habitats can be found from extensive areas of bare ground and early successional vegetation to mature undercliff woodland. Andy Phillips Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve Biodiversity Review 2013 2 At Rock-a-Nore the rare cliff-growing wildflower hoary stock Matthiola incana can be found and the rare weevil Lixus scabricollis is common on its food plant sea-beet Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima. At Covehurst the very rare lichen Tornabea scutellifera was once present but this species is now considered extinct although could still occur as much of the cliff-face is inaccessible. A few dozen pairs of northern fulmar Fulmaris glacialis and European herring gull Larus argentatus nest on cliff ledges as well as smaller numbers of lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus and great black-backed gull Larus marinus.