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Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla (Mammalia) from the Early-Middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan)
CO"uTK1BL 11015 FKOLI IHt \lC5tLL1 OF I' ALEO\ IOLOG1 THE UNIVERSITY OF IVICHIGAN VOI 77 Lo 10 p 717-37.1 October 33 1987 ARTIODACTYLA AND PERISSODACTYLA (MAMMALIA) FROM THE EARLY-MIDDLE EOCENE KULDANA FORMATION OF KOHAT (PAKISTAN) BY J. G. M. THEWISSEN. P. D. GINGERICH and D. E. RUSSELL MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY Charles B. Beck, Director Jennifer A. Kitchell, Editor This series of contributions from the Museum of Paleontology is a medium for publication of papers based chiefly on collections in the Museum. When the number of pages issued is sufficient to make a volume, a title page and a table of contents will be sent to libraries on the mailing list, and to individuals upon request. A list of the separate issues may also be obtained by request. Correspond- ence should be directed to the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. VOLS. II-XXVII. Parts of volumes may be obtained if available. Price lists are available upon inquiry. I ARTIODACTI L .-I A\D PERISSODACTYL4 (kl.iihlhlAL1A) FROM THE EARLY-h1IDDLE EOCEUE KCLD..I\4 FORMATIO\ OF KOHAT (PAKISTAY) J. G. M. THEWISSEN. P. D. GINGERICH AND D. E. RUSSELL Ah.strcict.-Chorlakki. yielding approximately 400 specimens (mostly isolated teeth and bone fragments). is one of four major early-to-middle Eocene niammal localities on the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. On the basis of ung~~latesclescribed in this paper we consider the Chorlakki fauna to be younger than that from Barbora Banda. -
B.Sc. II YEAR CHORDATA
B.Sc. II YEAR CHORDATA CHORDATA 16SCCZO3 Dr. R. JENNI & Dr. R. DHANAPAL DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY M. R. GOVT. ARTS COLLEGE MANNARGUDI CONTENTS CHORDATA COURSE CODE: 16SCCZO3 Block and Unit title Block I (Primitive chordates) 1 Origin of chordates: Introduction and charterers of chordates. Classification of chordates up to order level. 2 Hemichordates: General characters and classification up to order level. Study of Balanoglossus and its affinities. 3 Urochordata: General characters and classification up to order level. Study of Herdmania and its affinities. 4 Cephalochordates: General characters and classification up to order level. Study of Branchiostoma (Amphioxus) and its affinities. 5 Cyclostomata (Agnatha) General characters and classification up to order level. Study of Petromyzon and its affinities. Block II (Lower chordates) 6 Fishes: General characters and classification up to order level. Types of scales and fins of fishes, Scoliodon as type study, migration and parental care in fishes. 7 Amphibians: General characters and classification up to order level, Rana tigrina as type study, parental care, neoteny and paedogenesis. 8 Reptilia: General characters and classification up to order level, extinct reptiles. Uromastix as type study. Identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes and biting mechanism of snakes. 9 Aves: General characters and classification up to order level. Study of Columba (Pigeon) and Characters of Archaeopteryx. Flight adaptations & bird migration. 10 Mammalia: General characters and classification up -
First Report of Gray Whale (Eschrichtius Robustus , Lilljeborg
Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 951-954 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Short Communication doi:10.3906/zoo-1609-50 First report of gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus, Lilljeborg, 1861) conjoined twin calves in the Eastern Pacific Ocean 1 1,2 3 1, Elena TAMBURIN , Erica CARONE , Irma GONZALEZ-LOPEZ , Felipe GALVAN-MAGAÑA * 1 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico 2 Shoreline Soc. Coop. AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy 3 Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico Received: 26.09.2016 Accepted/Published Online: 04.05.2017 Final Version: 28.09.2017 Abstract: In January 2014, gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) conjoined twin calves were found dead in Laguna Ojo de Liebre (Scammon’s Lagoon), Baja California Sur, Mexico. The thoracopagus (united ventrally at the chest) individuals were conjoined in the thorax region, sharing the navel and genital area, but with two distinct heads and flukes. Although observed in humans and domestic animals, this case is rare among cetaceans. Some conjoined twin cetacean fetuses have previously been reported; however, this is the first report of the congenital anomaly in Eschrichtius robustus. Key words: Gray whale, twin calves, malformation, Baja California Sur, Mexico Twins become conjoined during the earliest stages Cases of conjoined twin cetaceans are very rare. The of development when the embryo is in the morula or earliest report dates to 1917, when parapagus newborn blastocyst stage (Kaufman, 2004). The etiology of conjoined female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were twins remains enigmatic; however, three hypotheses reported in the Netherlands (Kompanje, 2005). -
Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
Group Behavior 511 Mexico recognized the importance of the breeding lagoons to the Reeves, R. R. et al . (2005). Report of the Independent Scientifi c Review recovery of the gray whale and it is the only nation to provide impor- Panel on the Impacts of Sakhalin II Phase 2 on Western North Pacifi c tant habitat protection for the eastern population. In 1972, it estab- Gray Whales and Related Biodiversity. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. lished Ojo de Liebre Lagoon (the principle calving and nursery area) [Available from http://www.iucn.org ]. as the world’s fi rst whale refuge. In 1979, San Ignacio Lagoon became Rice , D. W. , and Wolman , A. A. ( 1971 ). Life History and Ecology of the Gray Whale ( Eschrichtius robustus ) . Am. Soc. Mamm. Spec. Pub. 3 . a Whale Refuge and Maritime Attraction Zone . In 1980, reserve sta- Rugh , D. J. , Roderick , C. H. , Lerczak , J. A. , and Breiwick , J. M. ( 2005 ). tus extended to Laguna Manuela and Laguna Guerrero Negro. All lie Estimates of abundance of the eastern North Pacifi c stock of gray whales within the El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve , created in 1988. In 1993, (Eschrichtius robustus ) 1997–2002 . J. Cetacean Res. Manag. 7 , 1 – 1 2 . the United Nations Educational, Scientifi c, and Cultural Organization Rychel , A. , Reeder , T. , and Berta , A. ( 2004 ). Phylogeny of mysticete (UNESCO) made Ojo de Liebre and San Ignacio Lagoons World whales based on mitochondrial and nuclear data. Mol. Phylogenet. Heritage Sites. Lastly, in 2002, all Mexican territorial seas and EEZ Evol. 32 , 892 – 901 . were declared a refuge to protect large whales. -
White Whale, Called “Old Tom,” Who Fought Back E? Against the Whalemen Who Were Trying to Kill Him for His Oil
A White n 1834 author Ralph Waldo Emerson was traveling W Ithrough Boston in a carriage. A sailor sitting beside him told h an extraordinary story. For many years the people of New Eng- al land knew of a white whale, called “Old Tom,” who fought back e? against the whalemen who were trying to kill him for his oil. Emerson wrote that this white whale “crushed the boats to small but covered in white patches, spots, and scratches. The white chips in his jaws, the men generally escaping by jumping over- whale that Reynolds described, however, might have been an al- board & being picked up.” The sailor explained that bino, meaning it was born without the normal pigment the whalemen eventually caught Old Tom in in its skin. Though rare, white or colorless individuals the Pacific Ocean, off Peru. occur in most animals, including birds, chimpanzees, Five years later, Jeremiah elephants, and humans. It seems that Amos Smalley, a Reynolds wrote a magazine ar- Native American whaler from Martha’s Vineyard, killed ticle about a sailor in the Pacific a white sperm whale in the South Atlantic in 1902. A few who said he had killed a white years ago, the author and adventurer, Tim Severin, wrote about a whale. This white whale was not white sperm whale witnessed by Pacific Islanders. At least two dif- called Old Tom but was known as ferent white sperm whales have been photographed in the Pacific, “Mocha Dick,” combining the name as have an albino whale shark and, just this winter, a white killer of a local island off Chile, Mocha Is- whale. -
Grey Whale Eschrichtius Robustus Eastern North Pacific Population
COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Grey Whale Eschrichtius robustus Eastern North Pacific Population in Canada SPECIAL CONCERN 2004 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2004. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the grey whale (Eastern North Pacific population) Eschrichtius robustus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 31 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous report: Reeves, R.R. and E. Mitchell. 1987. COSEWIC status report on the grey whale (Eastern North Pacific population) Eschrichtius robustus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 36 pp. Production note: COSEWIC acknowledges Volker Deecke for writing the update status report on the grey whale (Eastern North Pacific population) Eschrichtius robustus in Canada. The report was overseen and edited by Andrew Trites, COSEWIC Marine Mammals Species Specialist Subcommittee co-chair. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Ếgalement disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la baleine grise (population du Pacifique nord-est) (Eschrichtius robustus) au Canada – Mise à jour. Cover illustration: Grey whale — Drawing by A. -
Marine Mammal Taxonomy
Marine Mammal Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia (Animals) Phylum: Chordata (Animals with notochords) Subphylum: Vertebrata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (Mammals) Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) Family: Balaenidae (Right Whales) Balaena mysticetus Bowhead whale Eubalaena australis Southern right whale Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena japonica North Pacific right whale Family: Neobalaenidae (Pygmy Right Whale) Caperea marginata Pygmy right whale Family: Eschrichtiidae (Grey Whale) Eschrichtius robustus Grey whale Family: Balaenopteridae (Rorquals) Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Arctic Minke whale Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale Balaenoptera edeni Byrde’s whale Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) Family: Physeteridae (Sperm Whale) Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale Family: Kogiidae (Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales) Kogia breviceps Pygmy sperm whale Kogia sima Dwarf sperm whale DOLPHIN R ESEARCH C ENTER , 58901 Overseas Hwy, Grassy Key, FL 33050 (305) 289 -1121 www.dolphins.org Family: Platanistidae (South Asian River Dolphin) Platanista gangetica gangetica South Asian river dolphin (also known as Ganges and Indus river dolphins) Family: Iniidae (Amazon River Dolphin) Inia geoffrensis Amazon river dolphin (boto) Family: Lipotidae (Chinese River Dolphin) Lipotes vexillifer Chinese river dolphin (baiji) Family: Pontoporiidae (Franciscana) -
The Taxonomic and Evolutionary History of Fossil and Modern Balaenopteroid Mysticetes
Journal of Mammalian Evolution, Vol. 12, Nos. 1/2, June 2005 (C 2005) DOI: 10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3 The Taxonomic and Evolutionary History of Fossil and Modern Balaenopteroid Mysticetes Thomas A. Demer´ e,´ 1,4 Annalisa Berta,2 and Michael R. McGowen2,3 Balaenopteroids (Balaenopteridae + Eschrichtiidae) are a diverse lineage of living mysticetes, with seven to ten species divided between three genera (Megaptera, Balaenoptera and Eschrichtius). Extant members of the Balaenopteridae (Balaenoptera and Megaptera) are characterized by their engulfment feeding behavior, which is associated with a number of unique cranial, mandibular, and soft anatomical characters. The Eschrichtiidae employ suction feeding, which is associated with arched rostra and short, coarse baleen. The recognition of these and other characters in fossil balaenopteroids, when viewed in a phylogenetic framework, provides a means for assessing the evolutionary history of this clade, including its origin and diversification. The earliest fossil balaenopterids include incomplete crania from the early late Miocene (7–10 Ma) of the North Pacific Ocean Basin. Our preliminary phylogenetic results indicate that the basal taxon, “Megaptera” miocaena should be reassigned to a new genus based on its possession of primitive and derived characters. The late late Miocene (5–7 Ma) balaenopterid record, except for Parabalaenoptera baulinensis and Balaenoptera siberi, is largely undescribed and consists of fossil specimens from the North and South Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean basins. The Pliocene record (2–5 Ma) is very diverse and consists of numerous named, but problematic, taxa from Italy and Belgium, as well as unnamed taxa from the North and South Pacific and eastern North Atlantic Ocean basins. -
Rorqual Whale (Balaenopteridae) Surface Lunge-Feeding Behaviors: Standardized Classification, Repertoire Diversity, and Evolutionary Analyses
MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, 30(4): 1335–1357 (October 2014) © 2014 Society for Marine Mammalogy DOI: 10.1111/mms.12115 Rorqual whale (Balaenopteridae) surface lunge-feeding behaviors: Standardized classification, repertoire diversity, and evolutionary analyses BRIAN W. KOT,1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-1606 U.S.A. and Mingan Island Cetacean Study, Inc., 378 Bord de la Mer, Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan, Quebec G0G 1V0, Canada; RICHARD SEARS, Mingan Island Cetacean Study, Inc., 378 Bord de la Mer, Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan, Quebec G0G 1V0, Canada; DANY ZBINDEN, Meriscope Marine Research Station, 7 chemin de la Marina, Portneuf-sur-Mer, Quebec G0T 1P0, Canada; ELIZABETH BORDA, Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, Texas 77553, U.S.A.; MALCOLM S. GORDON, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-1606, U.S.A. Abstract Rorqual whales (Family: Balaenopteridae) are the world’s largest predators and sometimes feed near or at the sea surface on small schooling prey. Most rorquals cap- ture prey using a behavioral process known as lunge-feeding that, when occurring at the surface, often exposes the mouth and head above the water. New technology has recently improved historical misconceptions about the natural variation in rorqual lunge-feeding behavior yet missing from the literature is a dedicated study of the identification, use, and evolution of these behaviors when used to capture prey at the surface. Here we present results from a long-term investigation of three rorqual whale species (minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata; fin whale, B. -
Eastern North Pacific Stock of Gray Whale, Eschrichtius Robustus, from Appendix I to Appendix II of the Convention
Prop. 11.15 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Eleventh Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Nairobi, Kenya, 10 to 20 April 2000) Proposal from Japan to Transfer Gray Whales Eschrichtius robustus Eastern North Pacific Stock from Appendix I to Appendix II A PROPOSAL In accordance with the provisions of Article XV 1.(a) of the Convention, Japan proposes the transfer of the eastern North Pacific stock of gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus, from Appendix I to Appendix II of the Convention. This proposal is presented in accordance with Resolution Conf. 9.24 with particular emphasis on the following: (1) The biological criteria (cf. Annex 1, Res. Conf. 9.24) for Appendix 1 stocks are not met for this stock. (2) Precautionary measures (cf. Annex 4, Res. Conf. 9.24) are fulfilled through national conservation and management measures and establishment of a trade control system based on DNA analysis techniques. The most recent scientific findings clearly demonstrate that the population has been increasing steadily, and that it is approaching its carrying capacity. The International Whaling Commission (IWC) permits the take of 140 whales annually from this population for aboriginal subsistence whaling by Russian and US people. In 1994 the Government of the United States of America removed the eastern North Pacific population of the gray whale from the Endangered Species List established under its Endangered Species Act. Downlisting of this stock to Appendix II will in no way endanger the gray whales. Any commercial harvest would be limited by the IWC's risk averse Revised Management Procedure (RMP) and DNA analysis techniques that allow species and individual identification of whales are already available to prevent illegal trade. -
Evolution and Development of Cetacean Appendages Across the Cetartiodactylan Land-To-Sea Transition
EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CETACEAN APPENDAGES A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Lisa Noelle Cooper December, 2009 Dissertation written by Lisa Noelle Cooper B.S., Montana State University, 1999 M.S., San Diego State University, 2004 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2009 Approved by _____________________________________, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee J.G.M. Thewissen _____________________________________, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Walter E. Horton, Jr. _____________________________________, Christopher Vinyard _____________________________________, Jeff Wenstrup Accepted by _____________________________________, Director, School of Biomedical Sciences Robert V. Dorman _____________________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Timothy Moerland ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLELS ......................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................. viii Chapters Page I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 The Eocene Raoellid Indohyus ........................................................................................ -
India's Geodynamic Evolution During the Eocene
Article 489 Sunil Bajpai1 and Vivesh V. Kapur2 India’s geodynamic evolution during the Eocene: perspectives on the origin and early evolution of modern mammal orders 1*Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India 2 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226007, India *Corresponding author; Email: [email protected] (Received : 30/01/2019; Revised accepted : 11/09/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020031 In recent years, explosion of research in the early and the resulting biotic endemism as well as dispersal during this Tertiary mammals of India has attracted widespread interval. The fossil biota from this interval encompasses the interval from India’s last phase of northward drift until its suturing with Asia. interest because of the importance of this fauna in In recent years it has been shown to represent three distinct understanding biogeographic origins, early evolution, biogeographic domains: Gondwanan, Laurasian, and the endemic and dispersal patterns of several modern mammal component. These components present major biogeographic puzzles orders as well for its paleogeographic implications. and have led to hypotheses that emphasize the fact that the distribution Although Paleocene mammals are yet to be discovered of terrestrial fossil biota provides compelling evidence for the reconstruction of paleogeographic relationships between the in the Indian subcontinent, Indian Early Eocene mammal landmasses (e.g., Ali and Aitchison, 2008; Chatterjee et al., 2017; faunas are now becoming increasingly important in Kapur and Khosla, 2018). debates concerning the origins of several modern The northern (Laurasian) land masses (North America/Europe/ terrestrial orders. In many cases, Eocene mammals China) have been historically considered to be the centre of placental from India represent primitive and stratigraphically evolution because of their rich fossil records from the Paleocene and Eocene.