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Garden Moth Scheme Report 2016 Heather Young – April 2017 1 GMS Report 2016 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 2 Top 30 species 2016 3 Population trends (?) of our commonest garden moths 5 Autumn Moths 12 Winter GMS 2016-17 14 Antler Moth infestations 16 GMS Annual Conference 2017 19 GMS Sponsors 20 Links & Acknowledgements 21 Cover photograph: Fan-foot (R. Young) Introduction The Garden Moth Scheme (GMS) welcomes participants from all parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland, and in 2016 received 341 completed recording forms, slightly fewer than last year (355). The scheme is divided into 12 regions, monitoring 233 species of moth in every part of the UK and Ireland (the ‘Core Species’), along with a variable number of ‘Regional Species’. For each of the last seven years, we have had records from over 300 sites across the UK and Ireland, and later in the report there are a series of charts representing the population trends (or fluctuations) of our most abundant species over this period. The database has records dating back to 2003 when the scheme began in the West Midlands, and now contains over 1 ¼ million records, providing a very valuable resource to researchers. Scientists and statisticians from Birmingham and Manchester Universities are amongst those interested in using our data, as well as the ongoing research being undertaken by the GMS’s own John Wilson. There is an interesting follow-up article by Evan Lynn on the Quarter 4 GMS newsletter piece by Duncan Brown on Antler Moth infestations, and a report on the very successful 2017 Annual Conference in Apperley Village Hall, near Tewkesbury. There is also a brief round-up of the 2016-17 Winter Garden Moth Scheme, and a quick look at some of our autumn-flying moths, but we begin as usual with the ever- popular Top 30 for GMS 2016. 2 Top 30 Species 2016 The top 30 GMS species are fairly consistent each year, with the occasional big winner or loser, often involving the migrant species (Table 1). Table 1. The thirty most abundant species in 2016 in terms of average number of individuals recorded per garden, ranked in 2016 order with their 2015 position in brackets, and an indication of percentage change year on year. Average Average Rank per per 2016 Species garden garden % Change (2015) 2016 2015 (341) (355) Total 1244.10 1494.428 -16.75 1 (1) Large Yellow Underwing 177.53 217.44 -18.36 2 (148) Diamond-back Moth 55.13 1.45 +3692.59 3 (2) Heart and Dart 48.06 95.12 -49.47 4 (9) Light Brown Apple Moth 40.40 29.19 +38.37 5 (11) Square-spot Rustic 31.76 27.35 +16.11 6 (12) Setaceous Hebrew Character 30.85 25.7 +20.02 7 (3) Common Rustic agg. 27.30 58.83 -53.59 8 (4) Dark Arches 26.63 47.35 -43.75 9 (7) Hebrew Character 24.42 32.21 -24.19 10 (15) Riband Wave 23.38 22.66 +3.19 11 (8) Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing 23.35 30.46 -23.33 12 (5) Uncertain/Rustic ag. 23.31 43.92 -46.92 13 (10) Common Quaker 22.66 27.48 -17.55 14 (6) Garden Grass-veneer 21.22 41.4 -48.75 15 (19) Brimstone Moth 18.91 16.58 +14.10 16 (14) Flame Shoulder 17.03 23.15 -26.46 17 (13) Lesser Yellow Underwing 15.41 23.65 -34.84 18 (18) Common Footman 14.96 19.21 -22.09 19 (27) Common Marbled Carpet 14.23 11.35 +25.39 20 (23) Lunar Underwing 13.99 13.08 +6.95 21 (25) Willow Beauty 12.88 11.96 +7.64 22 (16) Small Square-spot 12.17 21.86 -44.34 23 (21) Agriphila straminella 10.33 15.11 -31.61 24 (39) Marbled Minor agg. 9.18 7.63 +20.33 25 (17) Agriphila tristella 9.14 20.06 -54.41 26 (20) Buff Ermine 9.09 15.87 -42.74 27 (47) Snout 8.79 6.08 +44.51 28 (30) Clouded Drab 8.23 10.22 -19.43 29 (33) Silver Y 8.20 8.71 -5.86 30 (29) Straw Dot 8.04 10.25 -21.59 3 Mother of Pearl, Bright-line Brown-eye, Flame and Shuttle-shaped Dart dropped out of the top 30, but not far, surviving in the top 40. The most obvious winner in 2016 was the Diamond-back Moth following its well- publicised invasion that caused panic amongst sprout-lovers everywhere. Indeed, if the figures for Diamond-back Moth were removed from the overall totals for 2016 and 2015, the average catch per garden would have declined by over 20% on last year – those Diamond-back Moth – D. Barnard who thought it was a pretty bad year for moths were absolutely right! Two thirds of our top thirty showed declines in numbers in our gardens in 2016, most of them in double digits percentage-wise. One species bucking the trend and continuing to do well is the Light Brown Apple Moth, now up to 8th place in the overall abundance list of the GMS database, although it does not yet feature in the list of the top 20 most widespread species (Table 2). Light Brown Apple Moth – C. Knott Snout also had a good year, has appeared in the top 30 in 4 of the last 5 years, and is our 17th most widespread species, based on the number of 10km squares it has been recorded in for the GMS (Table 2). Snout – R. Young 4 Population trends (?) of our commonest garden moths The most abundant species across the scheme are not necessarily the most widespread, and vice versa, although 12 feature in the top 20 of each. ‘Nothing’ records beat Large Yellow Underwing and Hebrew Character by only six 10 km squares (Table 2). Table 2. The most abundant and most widespread species in the GMS database (all years 2003 – 2016), based on total number of individuals and presence in 10 km squares. Abundant Widespread Totals 10 km records Large Yellow Underwing 544783 Nothing 531 Heart and Dart 262635 Large Yellow Underwing 525 Dark Arches 147618 Hebrew Character 525 Setaceous Hebrew Character 137072 Dark Arches 519 Hebrew Character 119679 Common Quaker 517 Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing 103232 Brimstone Moth 511 Common Quaker 101529 Lesser Yellow Underwing 510 Lesser Broad-bordered Light Brown Apple Moth 100354 Yellow Underwing 510 Common Rustic agg. 98697 Flame Shoulder 508 Square-spot Rustic 90225 Heart and Dart 507 Garden Grass-veneer 88060 Silver Y 505 Riband Wave 85865 Riband Wave 505 Flame Shoulder 82364 Common Marbled Carpet 505 Lesser Yellow Underwing 72396 Garden Carpet 501 Common Footman 72376 Square-spot Rustic 497 Brimstone Moth 64477 Clouded Drab 493 Small Quaker 57799 Poplar Hawk-moth 488 Shuttle-shaped Dart 51157 Snout 486 Common Marbled Carpet 49609 Early Grey 483 Willow Beauty 48986 Scalloped Oak 482 Since 2010, we have had records from over 300 sites across the UK and Ireland, which means we are starting to accumulate enough data to hint at what is happening to our garden moth populations over a period of time. There follows a series of charts depicting the differing fortunes of the twenty most abundant species, based on the average number of individuals per site in each of the last 7 years of GMS recording. Whether these are ‘trends’ or ‘fluctuations’ is open to debate, and no statistics have been used in the making of this article! 5 Top 3 Species 250 200 Large Yellow 150 Underwing Heart and Dart 100 Dark Arches Average Average pergarden 50 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Other Yellow Underwings 50 45 40 35 Lesser Yellow 30 Underwing 25 20 Lesser Broad- 15 bordered Yellow Average Average pergarden 10 Underwing 5 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Spring Moths 70 60 50 Hebrew Character 40 Common Quaker 30 Small Quaker 20 Average Average pergarden 10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 Geometers 35 30 Brimstone 25 Moth Willow Beauty 20 15 Riband Wave 10 Average Average pergarden Common 5 Marbled Carpet 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Noctuids 100 Setaceous 90 Hebrew 80 Character 70 Square-spot 60 Rustic 50 Shuttle- 40 shaped Dart 30 Average Average pergarden 20 Flame 10 Shoulder 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Two 'Common' Moths 70 60 Common 50 Rustic agg. 40 Common 30 Footman 20 Average Average pergarden 10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 7 Micro-moths 50 45 40 35 Light Brown 30 Apple Moth 25 20 Garden Grass- veneer 15 Average Average pergarden 10 5 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 My personal view is that the spring-flying Orthosia species have shown the most obvious declines, and Light Brown Apple Moth is clearly increasing in numbers. Large Yellow Underwing numbers fluctuate, but there is no particular trend, while the other two common Yellow Underwings do seem to be in decline. Heart & Dart and Dark Arches are also on the slide, while the summer Geometrid species seem to be fairly stable. Setaceous Hebrew Character must have had a very good 2010, Shuttle- shaped Dart has declined somewhat while the other common Noctuids seem to be holding their own. Common Footman has decreased slightly in numbers, and Garden Grass Veneer shows population fluctuations similar to Large Yellow Underwing. I was slightly worried when compiling these charts that some of the declines could be reflecting the changing composition of gardens in the scheme – there are certainly fewer recorders in the south in 2016 than there were in 2010, while numbers in the north have been on the increase in recent years.
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