Impeachment Witnesses Defy Subpoenas
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Trial Memorandum of President Donald J. Trump
IN PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE UNITED STATES SENATE TRIAL MEMORANDUM OF PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP Jay Alan Sekulow Pat A. Cipollone Stuart Roth Counsel to the President Andrew Ekonomou Patrick F. Philbin Jordan Sekulow Michael M. Purpura Mark Goldfeder Devin A. DeBacker Benjamin Sisney Trent J. Benishek Eric J. Hamilton Counsel to President Donald J. Trump Office of White House Counsel January 20, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 STANDARDS............................................................................................................................... 13 A. The Senate Must Decide All Questions of Law and Fact. .................................... 13 B. An Impeachable Offense Requires a Violation of Established Law that Inflicts Sufficiently Egregious Harm on the Government that It Threatens to Subvert the Constitution. .................................................................. 13 1. Text and Drafting History of the Impeachment Clause ............................ 14 2. The President’s Unique Role in Our Constitutional Structure .................. 17 3. Practice Under the Impeachment Clause .................................................. 18 C. The Senate Cannot Convict Unless It Finds that the House Managers Have Proved an Impeachable Offense Beyond a Reasonable Doubt. .................. 20 D. The Senate May Not Consider Allegations Not Charged in the Articles of Impeachment. .................................................................................................. -
Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1985
NASA SP-4025 ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1985 A Chronology THE NASA HISTORY SERIES Scientific and Technical Information Division 1988 Iw\sA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC NASA maintains an internal history program for two principal reasons: (1) Sponsorship of research in NASA-related history is one way in which NASA responds to the provision of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 that requires NASA to “provide for the widest practicable and appropriate dissemination of information concerning its a<:- tivities and the results thereof.” (2) Thoughtful stidy of NASA history can help agency managers accomplish the missions assigned to the agency. Understanding NASA’s past aids in understanding its present situation and illuminates possible future directions. The opinions and conclusions set forth in this book are those of the author; no official of the agency necessarily endorses those opinions or conclusions. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (paper cover) Library of Congress Catalog Number 65-60308. Astronautics and Aeronautics for 1985 continues the series of annual chro- nologies of events in aeronautics, aviation, and space science and explora- tion prepared by the History Office of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A compendium chronology covering the events between 1979 (the date of the most recently published Astronautics and Aeronautics chronology) and 1984 is in preparation. The present volume introduces a new format designed to make the series more useful as an historical reference work. Events are arranged by major subject categories and subcategories, and chronologically thereunder. It was written by Bette R. -
The National Security Council: Background and Issues for Congress
The National Security Council: Background and Issues for Congress Updated June 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44828 The National Security Council: Background and Issues for Congress Summary On February 4, 2021, President Joseph R. Biden signed National Security Memorandum (NSM)- 2, Renewing the National Security Council System. In it, the Biden Administration articulates how it intends to manage and coordinate national security issues among relevant departments and agencies. This report offers a brief historical overview of the formation of the National Security Council (NSC), clarifies the terms and structures associated with it, and provides a table of the NSC’s current composition. Congressional Research Service The National Security Council: Background and Issues for Congress Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Pre-NSC Coordination Methods ........................................................................................ 1 The Need for Interdepartmental Coordination ................................................................ 1 Past Modes of Policy Coordination............................................................................... 2 The Creation of the NSC .................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................. -
Proceedings of the United States Senate in the Impeachment Trial Of
1 116TH CONGRESS " ! S. DOC. 2d Session SENATE 116–12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE IN THE IMPEACHMENT TRIAL OF PRESIDENT DONALD JOHN TRUMP PART III PART III OF IV VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:12 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6012 Sfmt 6012 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC E:\Seals\Congress.#13 1 116TH CONGRESS " ! S. DOC. 2d Session SENATE 116–12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE IN THE IMPEACHMENT TRIAL OF PRESIDENT DONALD JOHN TRUMP PART III PART III OF IV U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 39–382 WASHINGTON : 2020 VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:12 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC E:\Seals\Congress.#13 VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:12 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC C O N T E N T S Page PART III 1. Replication of the United States House of Representatives to the Answer of President Donald J. Trump to the Articles of Impeachment ............................................................................................... 129 2. Trial Memorandum of President Donald J. Trump .................................. 139 (III) VerDate Sep 11 2014 21:28 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 0486 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:12 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 0486 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Sitting as a Court of Impeachment In re IMPEACHMENT OF PRESIDENT DONALD J. -
We Understand That the U.S. Department of Labor Announced a Proposed Rule That Would “Update and Clarify” the Department of Labor’S Investment Duties Regulation
July 26, 2020 Office of Regulations and Interpretations Employee Benefits Security Administration, Room N-5655, U.S. Department of Labor 200 Constitution Avenue NW Washington, DC 20210 Attention: Financial Factors in Selecting Plan Investments Proposed Regulation. Document Citation: 85 FR 39113 Page: 39113-39128 (16 pages) CFR: 29 CFR 2550 RIN: 1210-AB95 Document Number: 2020-13705 Dear Sir/Madam: We understand that the U.S. Department of Labor announced a proposed rule that would “update and clarify” the Department of Labor’s investment duties regulation. According to the news release issued announcing this proposed rule, “Private employer-sponsored retirement plans are not vehicles for furthering social goals or policy objectives that are not in the financial interest of the plan,” said Secretary of Labor Eugene Scalia. “Rather, ERISA plans should be managed with unwavering focus on a single, very important social goal: providing for the retirement security of American workers.” We are writing to provide comments on this proposed rule. Background The core idea behind the work of William Michael Cunningham at Creative Investment Research is the recognition that mainstream market-based solutions do not maximize social return. This leads to an underappreciation for the value of human life. We develop market-based innovations to counter this. The elevation of “Chicago-school” economic theories has led to a focus on celebrity and money worship. These magnify and worsen the misallocation of economic resources identified above. Our development of social return investment technologies and the subsequent rise of social entrepreneurs are the methods we have used in this effort. We have radically augmented the development of new investment theories that are the key, we believe, to a higher level of human development. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
GRINDING IT OUT: NEOCONSERVATIVES, STRATEGIC ARMS, AND PROTECTING AMERICA, 1968-1980 By ROGER E. CAREY A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2014 1 © 2014 Roger E. Carey 2 This dissertation is dedicated to Coralyn, with great love. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To paraphrase some PBS programs, this dissertation was made possible by the contributions of many people over the past several years. The work here is mine, and mine alone, along with any errors of fact or judgment. To the extent that this study represents an original contribution to historical knowledge, several individuals and groups supported me during my research and writing. I want to begin by thanking my dissertation advisor, Matthew F. Jacobs. He has been a constant source of encouragement and advice, putting up with my slow pace and challenging me to think more closely and more deeply about what I was trying to argue. At each step of the process, his sage advice and direction have guided my efforts to write the best work I could generate. I also am grateful for the contributions of my committee, William A. Link, Frederick Gregory, Ido Oren, and Norman J.W. Goda, and my original advisor, Robert McMahon (now at Ohio State University). Finally, I owe a debt to Joseph “Andy” Fry, my M.A. advisor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, who started me on the road of historical inquiry. My research for this project was greatly facilitated by two grants: a Moody Grant from the LBJ Foundation at the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum in Austin, TX, and a Milbauer Grant-in-Aid from the Milbauer Program in Southern History at the University of Florida. -
The Military-Industrial Complex and US Military Spending After 9/11," Class, Race and Corporate Power: Vol
Class, Race and Corporate Power Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 5 2014 The Military-Industrial Complex and US Military Spending After 9/ 11 Ronald W. Cox Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/classracecorporatepower Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Cox, Ronald W. (2014) "The Military-Industrial Complex and US Military Spending After 9/11," Class, Race and Corporate Power: Vol. 2 : Iss. 2 , Article 5. DOI: 10.25148/CRCP.2.2.6092117 Available at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/classracecorporatepower/vol2/iss2/5 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts, Sciences & Education at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Class, Race and Corporate Power by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Military-Industrial Complex and US Military Spending After 9/11 Abstract This article examines the economic, political and institutional power of the military-industrial complex (MIC) by examining its influence on military spending before and after the events of 9/11. The reasons for the continuity of MIC influence in US foreign policy is explored. This includes the role of military contractors in financing policy planning organizations, the relationship between military contractors and the Defense Department, and the centralization of executive branch authority in foreign policy decision- making, especially during critical junctures or foreign policy crises. Keywords Military Industrial Complex, US Military Spending, Military Contractors Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. -
House Calendar No. 60
1 House Calendar No. 60 116TH CONGRESS " ! REPORT 1st Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 116–335 R E P O R T OF THE HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE ON THE TRUMP-UKRAINE IMPEACHMENT INQUIRY REPORT together with MINORITY VIEWS DECEMBER 11, 2019.—Referred to the House Calendar and ordered to be printed VerDate Sep 11 2014 21:51 Jan 08, 2020 Jkt 038600 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6012 Sfmt 6012 E:\HR\OC\HR335.XXX HR335 jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with REPORTS E:\Seals\Congress.#13 THE TRUMP-UKRAINE IMPEACHMENT INQUIRY REPORT VerDate Sep 11 2014 21:51 Jan 08, 2020 Jkt 038600 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 E:\HR\OC\HR335.XXX HR335 jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with REPORTS with DSKJLSW7X2PROD on jbell 1 House Calendar No. 60 116TH CONGRESS " ! REPORT 1st Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 116–335 R E P O R T OF THE HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE ON THE TRUMP-UKRAINE IMPEACHMENT INQUIRY REPORT together with MINORITY VIEWS DECEMBER 11, 2019.—Referred to the House Calendar and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 38–600 WASHINGTON : 2019 VerDate Sep 11 2014 21:51 Jan 08, 2020 Jkt 038600 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5012 Sfmt 5012 E:\HR\OC\HR335.XXX HR335 jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with REPORTS E:\Seals\Congress.#13 HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE Rep. ADAM B. SCHIFF (CA), Chairman Rep. JIM HIMES (CT) Rep. DEVIN NUNES (CA), Ranking Member Rep. TERRI SEWELL (AL) Rep. MIKE CONAWAY (TX) Rep. ANDRE´ CARSON (IN) Rep. MICHAEL TURNER (OH) Rep. -
Lockheed Martin Executives and Their Salaries
P r o f il e e profile t a r T he Weapons Manufacturer T hat Does it All: A P r of ile of Arms Giant po L ockheed Mar tin r o c p November 2005 r P r epar ed by Richard Gir ar d P olar is Institute R esear cher o f il e corporate Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 Chapter One: Organizational Profile ............................................................................3 1.1 Lockheed Martin Executives and their Salaries ....................................................3 1.2 Board of Directors ...................................................................................................4 1.3 Business Areas........................................................................................................5 1.4 Operational Divisions..............................................................................................6 1.5 Three Prongs ...........................................................................................................6 1.6 University Links.....................................................................................................11 Chapter Two: Economic Profile..................................................................................13 2.1 Financial Data ........................................................................................................13 2.2 Sales by Customer ................................................................................................13 -
Bolton Aide Impeachment Testimony
Bolton Aide Impeachment Testimony Scalloped Douglas bunglings some failings and reign his hurst so philosophically! Desirable Gav sometimes impolders his mogs tactfully and ionized so aerobically! Which Hillery score so saucily that Simone casserole her yuppies? The statement on impeachment testimony might also pointed out whether the elder biden controversy, since the floodgates are Could be required to confront before House impeachment investigators. John Bolton Says He Will giving in Senate Impeachment Trial if. John Bolton's testimony that being requested in the. Bolton issued a statement Monday after the courts did not take whether he not be compelled to decline during debate House's impeachment. Another insider testifying on Ukraine behind closed doors House passes impeachment resolution investigators summon Bolton Christopher. Vice president on eve of abuse of attainder, house of this feature requires it did what would need only two impeachment testimony of numerous other republicans. The aid in washington in his testimony of millions of misunderstandings on oversight and everyone up. Are claiming the serve to use multiple's failure to testify at his trial as proof that guilt. Top Trump aide on Russia Europe resigns ahead of. However Bolton's attorney Charles Cooper said Wednesday evening that. If called to testify Bolton would coach the highest-ranking White House official to take quiz in impeachment proceedings Democrats have urged. Bolton's book manuscript that Trump explicitly linked a rumor on Ukraine aid to. John Bolton reportedly has praised his beautiful House colleagues who defied President Trump to walk at the impeachment inquiry even. What John Bolton says about US aid withheld from Ukraine. -
Changes in the US National Security Council in the Trump Administration
Changes in the US National Security Sun Chenghao Council in the Trump Administration Sun Chenghao Changes in the US National Security Council in the Trump Administration Sun Chenghao* Abstract: The structure of the National Security Council (NSC) under Donald Trump has been tweaked only slightly on the basis of the previous administration’s “three tiers of committees” model, and without any breakthrough in reform. However, the NSC also faces a series of new changes and features, including instability caused by changes in the President’s entourage, and dysfunction induced by the decreased number of formal meetings. These changes may be attributed principally to the impact of Trump’s governing style, management style and informal decision-making process. The NSC’s role in the decision-making system varies according to the frequent changes in National Security Advisor. In the 70 plus year history of the NSC, it is evident that its development direction is determined by structural changes in the international pattern, US national security challenges and the transfer of power within the decision-making system. How the President positions and utilizes the NSC ultimately determines the structure and efficiency of the mechanism. Keywords: Donald Trump, National Security Council, National Security Advisor, mechanism evaluation ess than three years into Trump’s presidency, the position of National LSecurity Advisor (also known as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs) has changed hands three times. The fourth National Security Advisor, Robert O’Brien, took the baton in September 2019. Frequent changes in the National Security Advisor and other important staff in the NSC and inconsistency in diplomatic decisions of the Trump administration reflect the chaos and disorder of the NSC mechanism. -
Civil Case No. 19-3224 (RJL) ) UNITED STATES HOUSE of ) REPRESENTATIVES, Et Al., ) ) Defendants
Case 1:19-cv-03224-RJL Document 62 Filed 12/30/19 Page 1 of 14 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FORTHEDIBTROCTOFCOLUMB~ CHARLES M. KOPPERMAN, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Civil Case No. 19-3224 (RJL) ) UNITED STATES HOUSE OF ) REPRESENTATIVES, et al., ) ) Defendants. ) MEMORANDUM OPINION fl-, December~, 2019 [Dkt. ##40, 41, 43] Dr. Charles Kupperman ("Kupperman" or "Dr. Kupperman") brings this suit for a declaratory judgment against President Donald J. Trump ("the President") and the United States House of Representatives, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence ("HPSCI") Adam Schiff, Chairman of the House Committee. on Foreign Affairs Eliot Engel, and Chairwoman of the House Committee on Oversight and Reform Carolyn B. Maloney ( collectively, "the House"). See Compl. [Dkt. #1]. Kupperman, who formerly served as the Deputy National Security Advisor and briefly as Acting National Security Advisor was subpoenaed by HPSCI on October 25, 2019 as part of its impeachment inquiry into the President. See id. ,i,i 1, 14. The President directed Dr. Kupperman not to comply with the subpoena because, as a close presidential advisor, he was absolutely immune from compelled Congressional testimony. See id. ,i,i 1, 18. On the same day Kupperman received the subpoena, he filed this suit 1 Case 1:19-cv-03224-RJL Document 62 Filed 12/30/19 Page 2 of 14 seeking the Court's guidance as to which of these two opposing commands he must follow. See id. 111-2, 14. This case was assigned to this Court on October 28, 2019, and I set a scheduling hearing for three days later.