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Handbook for Gold Prospectors in Washington

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Handbook for Gold Prospectors in Washington STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES BRIAN J. BOYLE, Commissioner of Public Lands ART STEARNS, Supervisor DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES RAYMOND LASMANIS, State Geologist INFORMATION CIRCULAR 57 HANDBOOK FOR GOLD PROSPECTORS IN WASHINGTON By WAYNE S. MOEN and MARSHALL T. HUNTTING 1975 Reprinted 1983 For sale by the Department of Natural Resources Price $2.00 PREFACE Because of increases over the past several years in gold prices, gold panning and prospecting is becoming increasingly popular. Few people realize that a small nugget about the size of a match head contains around $1 . 50 in go Id, whereas a nugget the size of a navy bean may sell for as much as $20. Any able-bodied person, equipped only with a gold pan and shovel, can work the gold-bearing streams of the state. Very few will get rich panning gold, but the lure of gold and the challenge to find it will always attract some individuals. Al­ though the richest placer gold deposits in Washington were worked out by 1900, the early-day placer miner failed to recover all the gold and some still remains hidden in stream gravels waiting to be found by a new generation of placer miners. In 1955, "Gold in Washington," by Marshall T. Huntting, was published by Washington Division of Mines and Geology. Although this publication has been out of print for several years, the demand for it remains constant. Rather than reprint this publication in its original form, it was decided to publish a new improved version of "Gold in Washington" under the new title of "Handbook for Gold Prospectors in Washington. 11 The contents of this new publication are basically the same as what appeared in "Gold in Washington"; however, much subject matter has been updated, the lists of the gold occurrences have been condensed, and the distribution of gold in streambeds and methods used to recover placer gold are covered in greater detail. The writers realize that only the basic principles of placer mining are covered in this book; however, if the amateur placer gold miner follows the instruc­ tions contained herein, he should experience the thrill of recovering a nugget or two from the streams of Washington. III CONTENTS Introduction • • • . • • • . • • . • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • . • . • . • • . • 1 Properties of gold • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • . • • • • • • • • . • . • • • . • • . • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . 1 Uses . 2 Gold ores and ore minerals . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • . • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • . • . • • • • . • • • • • • . 3 Prospecting for gold •••••••..••..•••••••••...•.•.••.••••••.•.•••••..•.••••••..•. , • • . • • 4 Sampling .•••.•.•••...•••.• , .••••.• _•.••.••••.•••••••••••.•.••••.•••.•.•.•.•. ,. 5 Size of gold particles ••••••.•.••...••••••.•••.••••.•••..•••••••.••••.••• , . • • • . 6 ldenti fi cation tests .••....•••••••••••.•........•.•••.•• , ••••••• , • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • 7 Locating mining claims .•••..•••• , ..•.••••••••....•.•••••••••••••••.•••..•• , . , •••• , • • • . 8 Mineral rights ••.••.•.••.•••.••••••...••••.•.•.•• , . • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 Staking lode claims . • • . • • • • • . • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • 11 Staking placer claims........................................................... 12 Patenting mining claims •.•••••••• , .•••••••••..••.••••••••••••.·•••••.••••.••••••••••••• 12 Mining methods and treatment . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • 13 History of gold in Washington •••••.•.•.•••••••..••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.••.• , • 13 Production •••..••• , ••.••••. , •••••••••.••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••. , • • • . • • • • . • . • • • 15 Gold prices ••.••.•••••.•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••. , • • • • • • . • • . • • . • • • . • • • . • . • • • • • 18 Selling gold • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • 20 Placer deposits •••••••••.•.•.••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • . 20 Where to pan ...•••.•••••••••••••••..•••.•..••.•••••••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • . • • . 21 How to pan gold • • . • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • . • • 26 Black sand • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • . • . • • . • • 27 The rocker • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • . • • • • • • . • • . • • . • . • 28 The long tom • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • . • . • • . • • . • . • . • • • • 29 The sluice box •.••.••••.•.•••••••••.•••.•..•.•.••..•••••. , . • . • • • • . • • • . • . • . • • 30 Portable suction dredges . • • . • • . • • • • • . • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • . • • • • . • . • . • • 33 The snifter . • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • . • • . • • • • • . • . • • • • . • • • . • . • • • . • • . 34 Stream pollution .•••..••...••••••.•.••••••..•.•.••..•••••.••••... , . • • • . • • • . • • • • • . 34 Occurrences • • . • • . • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • . • • . • . • • . • • . 34 Genera I statement . • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • . • . • • • • . • • . • • 34 Placer gold occurrences .•••••••.••.••.........•..••..• , . • • • . • . • • • . • . • . • . 35 Lode gold . • . • • • . • . • • . • . • • . • • • • • . • . • • • • • • . • • . • • • . • • . • • • . • • . • . • • . • • 47 Lode gold occurrences • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • . • • • . • . • . • • • • • • 48 Selected references ....••..•.•.••••••••••••.••.•••.•••• , • • . • • . • • • . • • • . • • • . • • . • • . • . 81 Property index • • • • • • . • • . • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • . • . • • . • . • . • . • • • • . • • . • • • . • • . • • • • . 85 V ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Graph showing total gold production in Washington, 1866-1956 •.•... , . , . , • , • , • . 16 2. London gold prices, 1971-1974 . , . , ....... , . , .... , ..... , .... , ........ , . • .. .. 19 3. Placer gold deposits along stream channels , , •• , , , . , .. , • • . • . • • . • . • . • • • . 23 4. Placer gold on bedrock •.••.•••••..•.••• , ...• , .•.•....•....• , . • . • • • • . • . • . 23 5. Several types of placer deposits . • • . • . • • . • • . • • • . • • • . • • . • . • • • . • • . • • . • • • • 24 6. Skim bar and distribution of gold in skim-bar gravels • • . • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • . • . • • 25 7. Prospecting rocker suitable for general use .••••••.•••••••••.••.••••••••.••••• , 28 8. The long tom .• , •. , •• , • , • , , , • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • . • . • 29 9. The sluice box • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • . • • . • • • • • • . • • • . • . • • . • • . • • . • • • • • . • • . 31 l 0. Common riffles for sluice boxes ••.....••.••.• , • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • . 32 11. Typical suction dredge • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 12. Placer gold occurrences in Washington . • . • • . • • • • • • • . • • . • . • . • • . • • • . • • . • 36 13. Lode gold occurrences in Washington • • . • • • . • • . • . • . • . • • • . • • . • • • . • . • • 50 TABLES Table 1. World monetary gold stocks, 1973 • . • • . • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • . • . • . • • 5 2. Value of gold nuggets at several market prices • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • 14 3. Annual gold production of Washington, 1866-1956 • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 4. Gold conversion factors , •••••••.••••.•••••••••••.•••.•.••• , . • . • • . • • • • • . • • • 37 5. Placer gold localities • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • . • . • • . • . • • • • • . 43 VII I wanted the gold, a:nd I sought it; I scrabbled and mucked like a slave. Was it famine or scurvy-I fought it; I hurled my youth into a grave. I wanted the gold, and I got it- Came out with a fortune last fall, Yet somehow life's not what I thought it, and somehow the gold isn't all . ... There's gold, a:nd it's haunting and haunting; It's luring me on as of old; Yet it isn't the gold that I'm wanting So much as just finding the gold. It's the great, big broad la:nd way up yonder, It's the forests where silence has lease; It's the beauty that thrills me with wonder, It's the stillness that fills me with peace. From: "The Spell of the Yukon" -Robert Service (1874-1958) IX HANDBOOK FOR GOLD PROSPECTORS IN WASHINGTON By Wayne S. Moen and Marshall T Huntting INTRODUCTION This report is designed mainly for the amateur prospector and answers questions most commonly asked as to how and where gold occurs in Washington. Gold, throughout the ages, has been synony­ In the inquiries received by the Division of Geology mous with wealth. For thousands of years, it has been and Earth Resources, gold has been the metal most fre­ the foremost medium of exchange in most countries. quently asked about, and the purpose of this report is Everyone is familiar with gold and with the romance to
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