Failure Analysis Gears-Shafts-Bearings-Seals
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Gear Cutting and Grinding Machines and Precision Cutting Tools Developed for Gear Manufacturing for Automobile Transmissions
Gear Cutting and Grinding Machines and Precision Cutting Tools Developed for Gear Manufacturing for Automobile Transmissions MASAKAZU NABEKURA*1 MICHIAKI HASHITANI*1 YUKIHISA NISHIMURA*1 MASAKATSU FUJITA*1 YOSHIKOTO YANASE*1 MASANOBU MISAKI*1 It is a never-ending theme for motorcycle and automobile manufacturers, for whom the Machine Tool Division of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) manufactures and delivers gear cutting machines, gear grinding machines and precision cutting tools, to strive for high precision, low cost transmission gears. This paper reports the recent trends in the automobile industry while describing how MHI has been dealing with their needs as a manufacturer of the machines and cutting tools for gear production. process before heat treatment. A gear shaping machine, 1. Gear production process however, processes workpieces such as stepped gears and Figure 1 shows a cut-away example of an automobile internal gears that a gear hobbing machine is unable to transmission. Figure 2 is a schematic of the conven- process. Since they employ a generating process by a tional, general production processes for transmission specific number of cutting edges, several tens of microns gears. The diagram does not show processes such as of tool marks remain on the gear flanks, which in turn machining keyways and oil holes and press-fitting bushes causes vibration and noise. To cope with this issue, a that are not directly relevant to gear processing. Nor- gear shaving process improves the gear flank roughness mally, a gear hobbing machine is responsible for the and finishes the gear tooth profile to a precision of mi- crons while anticipating how the heat treatment will strain the tooth profile and tooth trace. -
Design and Development of Open Differential for Transmission System of Quad Bike
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Design and Development of Open Differential for Transmission System of Quad Bike Utkarsha Chaudhari1, Prathamesh Sangelkar2, Prajval Vaskar3 1,2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Kondhwa ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – A differential is an important torque 2. ANALYTICAL CALCULATIONS transmitting device in most of the rear wheel drive vehicles. An ATV is a vehicle which is used to ride in off-road terrains; 2.1 Primary Calculations for Gear Reduction hence continuous application of traction is a vital factor which showcases its performative aspect. The paper describes Input Data: designing and manufacturing an open differential for an off road ATV (Quad Bike) so that the vehicle maneuvers sharp Turning radius of vehicle: - 3m corners without losing traction to the driving wheels. Rear Track width: - 40” Rear tire diameter: - 23” Key Words: Open differential, traction difference, ANSYS, CREO, gear, pinion, centre pin. 1. INTRODUCTION A differential is a gear train with three shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others, or a fixed multiple of that average. In automobiles, the differential allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster than the inner drive wheel during a turn. This is necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is travelling around the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the other. The average of the rotational speed of the two driving wheels equals the input rotational speed of the drive shaft. -
Gear Cutting Solutions
Gear cuttingsolutions 2 E2F Z TRINITY ORIGIN SWISS MADE SWISS 8100 DUPLEX REVOLUTION 8700 Gear cutting solutions Type Name of tool Standard modules* Tool Tool Machined part Page Tooth by tooth m 0.03 - 1.00 5 gear cutter Z² m 0.015 - 1.000 6 Hobs for epicyclic & involute teeth ORIGIN m 0.015 - 0.800 7 m 0.015 - 1.000 8 Two-way hob cutter m 0.015 - 0.800 9 ORIGIN DUPLEX *Depends on the gearing norm Other modules upon request swiss made Gear cutting solutions Type Name of tool Standard modules* Tool Tool Machined part Page Hobs for asymmetrical 10 gears and special by profi le profi les REVOLUTION Hobs for frontal F 2 m 0.05 - 0.50 11 gear cutting E Hobs for conical m 0.05 - 0.30 12 gears TRINITY Hob cutters for involute gears ISO53 / DIN867 m 0.05 - 1.00 13 DIN quality AAAA 8100 Skiving cutter for m 0.05 - 1.00 internal gear teeth 14 8700 *Depends on the gearing norm Other modules upon request swiss made DUPLEX ORIGIN Hobs for epicyclic New & involute teeth Hobbing with two hob cutters is known to produce burr-free hobbing. It is a functional process, but requires a sometimes tedious start-up. It is necessary to make an adjustment for each hob, and the stacking of the arbor, tools and spacers results in a bad roundness and warping. Louis Bélet SA has found a simple solution that can be used by everyone to solve these problems: ORIGIN DUPLEX hobs. ORIGIN DUPLEX on a shank Circular ORIGIN DUPLEX Made of one-piece solid carbide, these cutters have two cutting areas, one on the right and one on the left. -
Ring Gear and Pinion Tooth Pattern Interpretation
RING GEAR AND PINION TOOTH PATTERN INTERPRETATION The final pinion position will be verified by using the GEAR CONTACT PATTERN METHOD described as follows: The TOE of the gear is the portion of the tooth surface at the end towards the center. The HEEL of the gear tooth is the portion of the tooth surface at the outer-end. The TOP LAND of a gear tooth is the surface of the top of the tooth. Every gear has a characteristic pattern. RING GEAR TOOTH PROFILE There are two types of gears which are determined by the machining method. One is manufactured by FACE HOBBING, while the other one is manufactured by FACE MILLING. You must first determine the type of gear that you have in order to know which gear pattern chart to use as described in this bulletin. To do this, notice the depth of the ring gear tooth - dimension "A" and "B". If the gear was manufactured using the FACE HOBBING method, both "A" and "B" will be of equal depth. If the gear was manufactured using the FACE MILLING method, "A" will be larger than "B". Once the type of ring gear machining method has been identified, refer to the proper gear pattern chart. FACE HOBBING FACE MILLING NOTE: WHEN MAKING CHANGES, NOTE THAT TWO VARIABLES ARE INVOLVED. EXAMPLE: IF YOU HAVE THE BACKLASH SET CORRECTLY TO THE SPECIFICATION AND YOU CHANGE THE PINION POSITION SHIM, YOU MAY HAVE TO READJUST THE BACKLASH TO THE CORRECT SPECIFICATION BEFORE CHECKING THE PATTERN. REFER TO PATTERN INTERPRETATION. BULLETIN 5717-A 5/02 1 of 3 Spicer Technology, Inc. -
Basic Gear Systems
Basic Gear Systems A number of gears connected together is called a “Gear Train”. The gear train is another mechanism for transmitting rotary motion and torque. Unlike a belt and pulley, or chain and sprocket, no linking device (belt or chain) is required. Gears have teeth which interlock (or mesh) directly with one another. Advantages The main advantages of gear train transmission systems are that because the teeth on any gear intermesh with the next gear in the train, the gears can't slip. (An exact ratio is maintained.) Large forces can be transmitted. The number of turns a gear makes can be easily controlled. High ratios between the input and the output are easily possible. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of a gear system is it usually needs a lubrication system to reduce wear to the teeth. Oil or grease is used to reduce friction and heat caused by the teeth rubbing together. Gear systems to increase and decrease rotational velocity Gears are used to increase or decrease the speed or power of rotary motion. The measure of how much the speed or power is changed by a gear train is called the gear ratio (velocity ratio). This is equal to the number of teeth on the driver gear divided by the number of teeth on the driven gear. To decrease the speed of the output the driver gear is smaller than the driven gear. (This will reduce the speed but increase the “torque”.) This diagram shows a small gear (A) driving a larger gear (B). Because there are more teeth on the driven gear there is a reduction in output speed. -
Auto-Meshing Rack and Pinion Gear
Technical Disclosure Commons Defensive Publications Series April 2020 AUTO-MESHING RACK AND PINION GEAR HP INC Follow this and additional works at: https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series Recommended Citation INC, HP, "AUTO-MESHING RACK AND PINION GEAR", Technical Disclosure Commons, (April 10, 2020) https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/3120 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Technical Disclosure Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Defensive Publications Series by an authorized administrator of Technical Disclosure Commons. INC: AUTO-MESHING RACK AND PINION GEAR Auto‐meshing rack and pinion gear In a mechanical system with a rack and pinion, typically the rack and pinion are always engaged with each other but, in some instances, it is necessary to have the pinion gear disengage and engage with the rack. When this happens, the rack and gear need to mesh properly each time that they engage. If the gears do not properly mesh, then the system can lockup, gears can break, or other similar problems occur. One example of this is in a large format printer with a user replaceable printhead cleaner. A rack can be permanently placed in the printer (Figure 1), and then the printhead cleaner contain moving parts driven by the rack. The moving parts could be caps, spitrollers, webwipes, etc. An example of gears locking is shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 ‐ Printer printhead cleaner station with rack Pinion gear Rack gear Figure 2 ‐ Printhead cleaner with pinion gear locking up with rack Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2020 2 Defensive Publications Series, Art. -
Chain Drives 759
Chain Drives 759 C H A P T E R 21 Chain Drives 1. Introduction. 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Chain Drive over Belt or Rope Drive. 3. Terms Used in Chain Drive. 4. Relation Between Pitch and Pitch Circle Diameter. 5. Velocity Ratio of Chain Drives. 6. Length of Chain and Centre Distance. 7. Classification of Chains. 8. Hoisting and Hauling Chains. 9. Conveyor Chains. 10. Power Transmitting Chains. 11. Characteristics of Roller Chains. 12. Factor of Safety for Chain Drives. 21.1 Introduction 13. Permissible Speed of We have seen in previous chapters on belt and rope Smaller Sprocket. 14. Power Transmitted by drives that slipping may occur. In order to avoid slipping, Chains. steel chains are used. The chains are made up of number of 15. Number of Teeth on the rigid links which are hinged together by pin joints in order Smaller or Driving Sprocket or Pinion. to provide the necessary flexibility for wraping round the 16. Maximum Speed for driving and driven wheels. These wheels have projecting Chains. teeth of special profile and fit into the corresponding recesses 17. Principal Dimensions of Tooth Profile. in the links of the chain as shown in Fig. 21.1. The toothed 18. Design Procedure for wheels are known as *sprocket wheels or simply sprockets. Chain Drive. The sprockets and the chain are thus constrained to move together without slipping and ensures perfect velocity ratio. * These wheels resemble to spur gears. 759 760 A Textbook of Machine Design Fig. 21.1. Sprockets and chain. The chains are mostly used to transmit motion and power from one shaft to another, when the centre distance between their shafts is short such as in bicycles, motor cycles, agricultural machinery, conveyors, rolling mills, road rollers etc. -
Oscillatory Motion Leadscrews • for Applications Requiring Linear Oscillatory Motion Over a Fixed Path
© 1994 by Alexander H. Slocum Precision Machine Design Topic 21 Linear motion actuators Purpose: This lecture provides an introduction to the design issues associated with linear power transmission elements. Major topics: • Error sources • Belt drives • Rack and pinion drives •Friction drives • Leadscrews • Linear electric motors "...screw your courage to the sticking-place, And we'll not fail" Shakespeare 21-1 © 1994 by Alexander H. Slocum Error sources: • There are five principal error sources that affect linear actuator' performance: • Form error in the device components. • Component misalignment. • Backlash. • Friction. • Thermal effects • These systems often have long shafts (e.g., ballscrews). • One must be careful of bending frequencies being excited by rotating motors. 21-2 © 1994 by Alexander H. Slocum Belt drives • Used in printers, semiconductor automated material handling systems, robots, etc. • Timing belts will not slip. • Metal belts have greater stiffness, but stress limits life: σ = Et 2ρ • Timing belts will be the actuator of choice for low cost, low stiffness, low force linear motion until: •Linear electric motor cost comes down. • PC based control boards with self-tuning modular algorithms become more prevalent. • To prevent the belts' edges wearing on pulley flanges: • Use side rollers to guide timing belt to prevent wear caused by flanged sheaves: load Guide roller Belt 21-3 © 1994 by Alexander H. Slocum Rack and pinion drives Motor Pinion Rack • One of the least expensive methods of generating linear motion from rotary motion. • Racks can be placed end to end for as great a distance as one can provide a secure base on which to bolt them. -
Worm Gear Screw Jacks Reliable and Versatile High Performance Screw Jacks
Worm Gear Screw Jacks Reliable and versatile high performance screw jacks www.thomsonlinear.com Thomson – the Choice for Optimized Motion Solutions Often the ideal design solution is not about finding the fastest, sturdiest, most accurate or even the least expensive option. Rather, the ideal solution is the optimal balance of performance, life and cost. The Best Positioned Supplier of Mechanical Motion Technology Thomson has several advantages that make us the supplier of choice for motion control technology. • Thomson owns the broadest standard product offering of mechanical motion technologies in the industry. • Modified versions of standard product or white sheet design solutions are routine for us. • Choose Thomson and gain access to over 70 years of global application experience in industries including packaging, factory automation, material handling, medical, clean energy, printing, automotive, machine tool, aerospace and defense. A Name You Can Trust A wealth of product and application information as well as 3D models, software tools, our distributor locator and global contact information is available at www.thomsonlinear.com. For assistance in Europe, contact us at +44 1271 334 500 or e-mail us at [email protected]. Talk to us early in the design process to see how Thomson can help identify the optimal balance of performance, life and cost for your next application. And, call us or any of our 2000+ distribution partners around the world for fast delivery of replacement parts. Local Support Around the Globe Application -
Product Catalogue 2017 2018
Sun Race Sturmey-Archer Inc. No.51, Haishan Central Street, Luzhu District, Taoyuan City, 33856 Taiwan Tel:+886 (3) 354-3900 Fax:+886 (3) 354-2858 E-mail:[email protected] Sun Race Sturmey-Archer Europe Nijverheidsweg 19A, 3641 RP Mijdrecht, The Netherlands Tel:+31 (20) 609-0221 Fax:+31 (20) 609-0211 E-mail:[email protected] Sun Race Sturmey-Archer USA 952 School Street, #409 Napa, CA 94559 U.S.A. Tel:+1 (707) 259-6700 Fax:+1 (707) 259-6710 E-mail:[email protected] reproduced from 1935 advertisement. 2017 2018 2017 2018 / Product Catalogue A0 Introduction The Original And Best Since 1902 Look for SunRace 2017-2018 catalogue. For 115 years, Sturmey-Archer have been pioneers in the design and manufacture of internal gear hubs, hub brakes and dynohub lighting. This is a history of progressive research and development which has made cycling easier and safer. This catalogue illustrates the complete range of Sturmey-Archer cycle components, including the latest innovations. www.sturmey-archer.com www.sturmey-archerheritage.com Introduction History www.sturmey-archerheritage.com The Original And Best Since 1902 Look for SunRace 2017-2018 catalogue. 1902 1907 1910 1910 1913 1918 1922 1922 For 115 years, Sturmey-Archer 3-Speed Hub 3-Speed Coaster X Gear Control Catalogue Tour de France KB 3-Speed CC Single K Gear Control have been pioneers in the design Drum Brake Speed Coaster and manufacture of internal gear hubs, hub brakes and dynohub lighting. This is a history of progressive research and development which 1929 1931 1933 1938 1939 1946 1951 Nürnberg, Germany Motorcycle TF 2-Speed Fixed Dynohub & TF 4-Speed Trigger Control ASC 3-Speed Dry Battery Unit has made cycling easier and safer. -
Gears Practice Test. Key
Gears Practice Test. Key 1. If gears are connected by a chain or belt, they move in the direction. * Opposite Same 2. If gears are meshed (touching), then adjacent gears move the directions. * Opposite Same 3. In the photo, which direction are the gears moving? * Opposite Same 1 /8 4. When more than two gears are together, you should the middle gears when determining direction. * Count Measure Ignore Add 5. In this diagram, what direction does gear 6 rotate compared to gear 1? * Clockwise Counterclockwise 2 /8 6. The diagram shows an object that is moving . * Clockwise Counterclockwise 7. The diagram shows an object that is moving . * Clockwise Counterclockwise 8. When more than two gears are together, the smaller gear will always rotate than the larger gear. * Faster Slower 3 /8 9. Meshed gears with an equal number of teeth will turn at the speed. * Opposite Same 10. To determine how fast a gear is turning in relation to another, you should . * Observe the direction Measure the size Count the teeth 11. What is the speed of gear 3 if gear 1 rotates at 15 rpms? * 5 rpms 3 rpms 10 rpms 6 rpms 12. Gear three will rotate than the other gears. * Slower Faster 4 /8 13. If gear A turns one revolution, how many times will gear B turn? * 2 .5 1 1.5 14. In the diagram, which gear revolves the fastest? * Gear A Gear B 15. In the diagram, what is the ratio for gear A? * 1.75 2 .75 .57 5 /8 16. In the diagram, what is the ratio for gear B? * 1.75 2 .75 .57 17. -
Experimental Simulation of Gear Hobbing Through a Face Milling Concept in CNC-Machine
Experimental simulation of gear hobbing through a face milling concept in CNC-machine SABA HOSEINI Degree project in Second cycle Stockholm, Sweden 2013 www.kth.se Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Experimental simulation of gear hobbing through a face milling concept in CNC-machine Author: Saba Hoseini Report No.: Kimab-2013-119 Swerea KIMAB Project No.: 265010 Date: 07.08.2013 Member program: MRC Materials in Machining i Abstract High-speed steels are the main material for cutting tools especially for producing gear boxes in the automotive industry. Cutting performance of high speed steel depends on their resistance to wear, their toughness and resistance to tempering at operating temperature. In this project, tool-life and wear type of cutting tools made of powder metallurgy high speed steel (PM-HSS) were investigated up to a flank wear width of 0.30 mm in different steels and cutting speeds. Hardness and cutting speed had a significant effect on tool-wear, tool-life and chip formation. More rake face wear was occurred by harder materials because of higher thermo- mechanical loading .Three indicators were used for representing tool life and to show the relation of cutting speed and hardness with cutting performance. Difference of tool life between the softest and the hardest steels was about two times. By increasing cutting speed in every work-material more number of passes was obtained. The required data were obtained experimentally by a 3-axis milling machine. This test method facilitates simulation of gear hobbing wear type in a less time-consuming way, compared to the other methods which have the same kinematics of real hobbing.