Open Infrastructure Matters Supporting Scholar-Led and Community- Driven Services to Advance Open Access
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Peter Baldwin UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
Features Forum Conference Reports GHI News WHY ARE UNIVERSITIES OPEN ACCESS LAGGARDS? Peter Baldwin UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES Copyright was invented in the eighteenth century to give cultural producers property rights in their works, allowing them to live from their eff orts.1 It was specifi cally intended to benefi t those who worked independently, not for wages or salary. Work-for-hire was the only element of copyright dealing with salaried employees. That evolved only later in any detail, and then not equally in all nations. Work-for-hire gives employers — not the creators — most rights in works produced by their employees. It was introduced in the nine- teenth century to deal with commissioned art works. Who owned a portrait, the painter or the commissioner? But it was elaborated in law mainly in the twentieth century, especially in the U.S., and largely at the behest of the fi lm industry. It is not hard to see why. Film is an inherently collaborative art form, demanding cooperation among scores of diff erent creators, all with reasonable claims to be important participants. Copyright stakes two primary claims: the artistic or moral rights, like those of attribution and integrity, and the economic or monopoly rights. The fi rst give authors the right to be identifi ed as such and to prevent their works from being changed without approval. They are largely uncontroversial and need no further comment here. The property right grants a temporary monopoly over dissemination, thus stimulating creators to further eff orts by rewarding them. Equally important, copyright’s monopoly made dissemination possible in the fi rst place. -
Sci-Hub Provides Access to Nearly All Scholarly Literature
Sci-Hub provides access to nearly all scholarly literature A DOI-citable version of this manuscript is available at https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3100. This manuscript was automatically generated from greenelab/scihub-manuscript@51678a7 on October 12, 2017. Submit feedback on the manuscript at git.io/v7feh or on the analyses at git.io/v7fvJ. Authors • Daniel S. Himmelstein 0000-0002-3012-7446 · dhimmel · dhimmel Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania · Funded by GBMF4552 • Ariel Rodriguez Romero 0000-0003-2290-4927 · arielsvn · arielswn Bidwise, Inc • Stephen Reid McLaughlin 0000-0002-9888-3168 · stevemclaugh · SteveMcLaugh School of Information, University of Texas at Austin • Bastian Greshake Tzovaras 0000-0002-9925-9623 · gedankenstuecke · gedankenstuecke Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt • Casey S. Greene 0000-0001-8713-9213 · cgreene · GreeneScientist Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania · Funded by GBMF4552 PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3100v2 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 12 Oct 2017, publ: 12 Oct 2017 Abstract The website Sci-Hub provides access to scholarly literature via full text PDF downloads. The site enables users to access articles that would otherwise be paywalled. Since its creation in 2011, Sci- Hub has grown rapidly in popularity. However, until now, the extent of Sci-Hub’s coverage was unclear. As of March 2017, we find that Sci-Hub’s database contains 68.9% of all 81.6 million scholarly articles, which rises to 85.2% for those published in toll access journals. -
Programme Organised in Collaboration with EUA and LIBER
Science Europe is a non-profit organisation based in Brussels representing major Research Funding and Research Performing Organisations across Europe. For more information on its mission and activities, see www.scienceeurope.org. To contact Science Europe, e-mail [email protected]. Challenging the Current Business Models Workshop in Academic Publishing Accelerators and Obstacles to the Open Access Transition Programme organised in collaboration with EUA and LIBER When Background 26–27 April 2017 “Ensure that […] transparency is improved, in particular by informing the public about agreements Wednesday 12.00–17.45 between public institutions or groups of public institutions and publishers for the supply of scientific Thursday 09.00–13.10 information. This should include agreements covering the so-called ‘big deals’, i.e. bundles of print and electronic journal subscriptions offered at discounted price…” —European Commission, 17 July 2012 Where Bundles of journals offered by publishers and acquired by libraries, the so-called ‘Big Deals’, are the Radisson Blu Astrid dominating business model in academic publishing. They were introduced to answer the so-called Koningin Astridplein 7 serials crisis which occurred in the subscription model about two decades ago. Nowadays, the logic 2018 Antwerp, Belgium and also the business structures behind ‘Big Deals’ are increasingly considered and employed to shape the transition from the subscription world into an open access publishing paradigm based on article processing charges (APCs). Dinner ‘Big Deals’ have advantages, yet also severe disadvantages, and thus are a highly disputed business Grand Café De Rooden Hoed model. This leads to the question if and what disadvantages of the ‘Big Deals’ need to be taken into Oude Koornmarkt 25 account when using them as a transition instrument to implement and increase open access and how 2000 Antwerp, Belgium such disadvantages could be avoided or mitigated. -
The Opencitations Data Model
The OpenCitations Data Model Marilena Daquino1;2[0000−0002−1113−7550], Silvio Peroni1;2[0000−0003−0530−4305], David Shotton2;3[0000−0001−5506−523X], Giovanni Colavizza4[0000−0002−9806−084X], Behnam Ghavimi5[0000−0002−4627−5371], Anne Lauscher6[0000−0001−8590−9827], Philipp Mayr5[0000−0002−6656−1658], Matteo Romanello7[0000−0002−7406−6286], and Philipp Zumstein8[0000−0002−6485−9434]? 1 Digital Humanities Advanced research Centre (/DH.arc), Department of Classical Philology and Italian Studies, University of Bologna fmarilena.daquino2,[email protected] 2 Research Centre for Open Scholarly Metadata, Department of Classical Philology and Italian Studies, University of Bologna 3 Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford [email protected] 4 Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC), University of Amsterdam [email protected] 5 Department of Knowledge Technologies for the Social Sciences, GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences [email protected], [email protected] 6 Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim [email protected] 7 cole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne [email protected] 8 Mannheim University Library, University of Mannheim [email protected] Abstract. A variety of schemas and ontologies are currently used for the machine-readable description of bibliographic entities and citations. This diversity, and the reuse of the same ontology terms with differ- ent nuances, generates inconsistencies in data. Adoption of a single data model would facilitate data integration tasks regardless of the data sup- plier or context application. In this paper we present the OpenCitations Data Model (OCDM), a generic data model for describing bibliographic entities and citations, developed using Semantic Web technologies. -
COUNCIL of the EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 20 September 2013 (OR. En) 13812/13 ADD 4 RECH 410 COMPET 663 MI 779 TELECOM 238 COVER N
COUNCIL OF Brussels, 20 September 2013 THE EUROPEAN UNION (OR. en) 13812/13 ADD 4 RECH 410 COMPET 663 MI 779 TELECOM 238 COVER NOTE From: Secretary-General of the European Commission, signed by Mr Jordi AYET PUIGARNAU, Director date of receipt: 20 September 2013 To: Mr Uwe CORSEPIUS, Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union No. Cion doc.: SWD(2013) 333 final 4/5 Subject: COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT National measures in support of ERA Member States of the European Union Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA PROGRESS REPORT 2013 Delegations will find attached document SWD(2013) 333 final 4/5 . Encl.: SWD(2013) 333 final 4/5 13812/13 ADD 4 AFG/nj DG G III EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 20.9.2013 SWD(2013) 333 final 4/5 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT National measures in support of ERA Member States of the European Union Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA PROGRESS REPORT 2013 {COM(2013) 637 final} EN EN Austria ERA Priority ERA Action National Measure contributing to ERA Year Adoption How the measure contributes to ERA The Austrian Research, Technological Development and Innovation Strategy “Becoming an Innovation Leader: Realising Potentials, Increasing Dynamics, Creating the Future" was published in March 2011. It introduces a coordinated vision and strategy across all ministries in charge of RTDI and identifies new challenges. Also in 2011 a Task Force of senior officials was put in place to coordinate activities from the strategic perspective and monitor the implementation of this strategy. -
Open Access to Scientific Publishing
Editorial http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.1880 Janne Beate Reitan Open access to scientific publishing Interest in open access (OA) to scientific publications is steadily increasing, both in Norway and internationally. From the outset, FORMakademisk has been published as a digital journal, and it was one of the first to offer OA in Norway. We have since the beginning used Open Journal Systems (OJS) as publishing software. OJS is part of the Public Knowledge Project (PKP), which was created by Canadian John Willinsky and colleagues at the Faculty of Education at the University of British Columbia in 1998. The first version of OJS came as an open source software in 2001. The programme is free for everyone to use and is part of a larger collective movement wherein knowledge is shared. When FORMakademisk started in 2008, we received much help from the journal Acta Didactic (n.d.) at the University of Oslo, which had started the year before us. They had also translated the programme to Norwegian. From the start, we were able to publish in both Norwegian and English. Other journals have used FORMakademisk as a model and source of inspiration when starting or when converting from subscription-based print journals to electronic OA, including the Journal of Norwegian Media Researchers [Norsk medietidsskrift]. It is in this way that the movement around PKP works and continues to grow to provide free access to research. As the articles are OA, they are also easily accessible to non-scientists. We also emphasise that the language should be readily available, although it should maintain a high scientific quality. -
Are Funder Open Access Platforms a Good Idea?
1 Are Funder Open Access Platforms a Good Idea? 1 2 3 2 Tony Ross-Hellauer , Birgit Schmidt , and Bianca Kramer 1 3 Know-Center, Austria, (corres. author: [email protected]) 2 4 Goettingen State and University Library, Germany 3 5 Utrecht University Library, Netherlands 6 May 23, 2018 1 PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26954v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 23 May 2018, publ: 23 May 2018 7 Abstract 8 As open access to publications continues to gather momentum we should continu- 9 ously question whether it is moving in the right direction. A novel intervention in this 10 space is the creation of open access publishing platforms commissioned by funding or- 11 ganisations. Examples include those of the Wellcome Trust and the Gates Foundation, 12 as well as recently announced initiatives from public funders like the European Commis- 13 sion and the Irish Health Research Board. As the number of such platforms increases, it 14 becomes urgently necessary to assess in which ways, for better or worse, this emergent 15 phenomenon complements or disrupts the scholarly communications landscape. This 16 article examines ethical, organisational and economic strengths and weaknesses of such 17 platforms, as well as usage and uptake to date, to scope the opportunities and threats 18 presented by funder open access platforms in the ongoing transition to open access. The 19 article is broadly supportive of the aims and current implementations of such platforms, 20 finding them a novel intervention which stand to help increase OA uptake, control costs 21 of OA, lower administrative burden on researchers, and demonstrate funders’ commit- 22 ment to fostering open practices. -
STM Feedback on Norway National Guidelines for Open Access The
STM feedback on Norway National Guidelines for Open access The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medial Publishers (STM) welcomes the National Guidelines for Open Access in Norway, published on 14th June. We also very much appreciate the speed with which these were translated into English to enable us to study them fully. We want to reinforce our support for the process that is underway and to share our global experience of working to successfully implement funder and government open access policies. With this in mind, we offer the following comments on the national guidelines, which we would be very happy to elaborate on and discuss in further detail. Gold Open Access We welcome the recommendation to establish a ‘gold first’ approach in Norway, similar to that adopted by the UK and the Netherlands, as the best way of supporting a transition from the current subscription model to a publishing economy based on open access. The only way in which a transition from the current subscription model can be achieved is through an alternative business model, for example gold OA. Our members are strong supporters of gold open access publishing and offer both gold and subscription publishing options to authors. One thing that is essential however to ensure a successful transition is for there to be funding available for gold. Again, we welcome the guidelines’ specific reference to the fact that financing arrangements to cover the costs of open access publishing must be put in place and that publically funded institutions should contribute to the funding of open access publishing and that private and charitably funded organisations should do the same. -
Will the Swedish Research Bill Include Support for Open Access? The
15/10 2008 Will the Swedish Research Bill include support for Open Access? The Swedish Research Council, The Association of Swedish Higher Education, and the National Library of Sweden have all signed a letter to the Minister for Higher Education and Research, proposing that the Minister include support for Open Access in the forthcoming Research Bill. These three key stakeholders argue that public investments in research would be more cost-efficient if research results were easily accessible for all potential users, both nationally and internationally. Global visibility and Open Access increase the impact of Swedish research. ¨ Three important issues First of all, the signatories request that the Research Bill declare a general support for developments leading to OA. They also stress the importance of the Ministry taking a stand on certain central policy issues. Governmental funding agencies should be encouraged to require their grantees to publish their results with Open Access, unless restricted by specific circumstances. The Ministry should give clear support to the continued development of the infrastructure for Open Archives (Institutional Repositories). The public subsidies for Swedish scholarly journals should be used to promote a change to Open Access publishing models. Ingegerd Rabow [email protected] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15/10 2008 Open Access to Nobel Prize awarded work – a pilot project The Nobel Prize is the world’s most prestigious scientific award, highlighting truly groundbreaking research and providing a window to the world of research to the general public. The pilot project involves the creation of a work-flow and a method for the achievement of free and open access to key publications of Nobel Laureates in physics, chemistry and physiology or medicine at Nobelprize.org. -
Green Open Access in Practice – Results and Recommendations from the Danish Project (2017-2018)
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Sep 26, 2021 Green Open Access in Practice – results and recommendations from the Danish project (2017-2018) Sand, Ane Ahrenkiel; Schneider, Anette Wergeland Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Sand, A. A. (Author), & Schneider, A. W. (Author). (2019). Green Open Access in Practice – results and recommendations from the Danish project (2017-2018). Sound/Visual production (digital), Technical University of Denmark. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. GREEN OPEN ACCESS IN PRACTICE – results and recommendations from the Danish project (2017-2018) ANE AHRENKIEL SAND and ANETTE WERGELAND SCHNEIDER EMBARGO UKSG 42nd Annual Conference and Exhibition: Telford, UK PERMITTED ADDITIONAL OPEN ACCESS ISSUES DATE: April 08 2019–April 10 2019 VERSIONS SYSTEM PUBLISHER INFRA- PRACTICES STRUCTURE THE RIGHTS AND WORKFLOW LICENSES OF RESEARCHERS 10. -
Case Studies
JUNE 1, 2015 Education, Research and Open Access in Denmark PASTEUR4OA PROJECT CRISTIN Jens H. Aasheim, Nina Karlstrøm Education, Research and Open Access in Denmark Education, Research and Open Access in Denmark The following is a short presentation of the education system, research and Open Access in Denmark. As regional coordinator for the Nordic region, CRIStin (Current Research Information System in Norway) was asked to write a case study of Denmark. This study is based in large on data and statistics provided by the Danish Key Node, Anne Sandfær, and the Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science. Summary As one of the countries to focus on Open Access quite early, Denmark was off to a head start. E.g. the Danish government appointed an Open Access Committee to recommend steps on how to implement the transition to Open Access. But progress has been time-consuming. However, several of the suggested recommendations have already been, or are now being implemented. National policies, joint policies for the Danish Research Councils and tools for monitoring Open Access output are some examples. The main focus of the Danish Open Access effort has been directed towards repositories, depositing and the so called green route. The research and scholarly communication system of the country Denmark has a population of 5.6 million, 7.5% of which have a university/college level education of five years or more. There has been a steady increase in output of the Danish research education programs, from over 1200 finished PhDs in 2009 to over 1600 in 2012. These graduate from one of the 8 universities, 7 university colleges or 4 university hospitals in Denmark. -
EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA Progress Report 2018
EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA Progress Report 2018 Country Profile DENMARK EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate A — Policy Development and Coordination Unit A2 — Research and Innovation Strategy Contact: Arie Van Der Zwan E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you) LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019. PDF ISBN 978-92-79-99765-5 doi:10.2777/022506 KI-02-19-109-EN-N © European Union, 2019. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Country profile: Denmark COUNTRY SNAPSHOT Indicator Performance Progress since ERA monitoring 2016 Reference Lead/Gap Reference Lead/Gap Trend Name Score Cluster EU-28 CAGR EU-28 year (Δ %) Period (Δ % pt) (2007-18) Adjusted Research Excellence Indicator (AREI) 2016 78.6 1 75 45.0 2013-16 7.1% 3.9 3.2% GBARD as share of