E-SEMAI TEACHING PORTAL (ESTP)

By

AZWINAWATI A/P ALWI 18251

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Technology (Hons) (Business Information System)

MAY 2015

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar 32160 Tronoh Darul Ridzuan

CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

E-SEMAI TEACHING PORTAL (ESTP)

By

AZWINAWATI A/P ALWI 18251

A project dissertation submitted to the Business Information System Programme Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (Hons) (BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEM)

Approved by, ______(Ms.Mazlina Mehat)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK May 2015

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons.

AZWINAWATI ALWI

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ABSTRACT

Bahasa Semai is one of the Aslian languages that have been selected to be taught in Malaysian Government schools. However, there are no computing technology that currently supports the knowledge sharing activities and communications of this language between the teachers that teach the language, especially in supporting the Pedagogical Content Knowledge methodology as proposed by Malaysian Ministry Of Education. E-Semai Teaching Portal (ESTP) will help to address the problems by providing a reliable knowledge sharing platform for Bahasa Semai educators. The purpose of ESTP is not only limited and focus to the importance of having computing technology support in teaching, but it also include the concern towards the sustainability of one ethnics background. This paper will examine the role of ESTP in assisting to achieve the objectives and how it is developed. The main aim for the research is to ensure that Bahasa Semai subject will be as important as other subject in schools and will have all the reliable sources that can be referred by the teachers that teach the subject. Hence, it will encourage the knowledge sharing of Bahasa Semai between the teachers and coordinators. The portal analysis and planning stage is conducted using the agile methodology and the development is using .Net Web development that included Bootstrap platform and JavaScript, PHP, CSS, XAMPP and MySQL language. After user acceptance testing, the results show that ESTP have achieved all the purpose and objective. The feedbacks receive from the Bahasa Semai teachers are positive and ESTP prove to be a great assistance for them. Functions in ESTP help them in knowledge sharing and explore new knowledge.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In this chance, I would like to thank all that were involved in making sure this project is successful. First and foremost, I would like to thank my family that always been supporting and giving me the moral supports towards me and my study here in UTP. Secondly, I would like to express my special thanks towards my FYP supervisor, Madam Mazlina Mehat who is responsible in guiding me in developing ESTP for my FYP. She‟s been helping me with the interim report and dissertation and also the development starting from FYP I until FYP II. She gives me a lot of valuable advice and wise knowledge and it really help me a lot in doing the project development.

Not to forget, also to all my friends that also been doing their FYP. We help each other and give solutions to any problems that I have faced during developing this project. They gave me a lot of moral support and courage to be confident that I can do and finish FYP 1 and II. Praise to God for blessing me along the way and for giving me the great health both physical and mental so that I can finish the semester and also the project successfully.

Last but not least, thousands of thanks towards all the teachers in schools for giving me full cooperation and also the coordinators from the Ethnic department in MOE that have been giving me the opportunity to build ESTP as my FYP and to help them in their programme.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY ...... II

ABSTRACT...... III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... IV

CHAPTER 1 ...... 1

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background of Study ...... 1 1.2 Problem Statement ...... 4 1.3 Objectives ...... 5 1.4 Scope of Study ...... 6 CHAPTER 2 ...... 7

LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 7 2.1 Education in ...... 7 2.2 Education Problems among the Orang Asli Students ...... 9 2.3 The Roles of Technology in Sustaining Orang Asli Student Interest ...... 11 2.4 The Significance of ESTP Towards Knowledge Sharing ...... 12 CHAPTER 3 ...... 14

METHODOLOGY ...... 14 3.1 Development Process ...... 14 3.2 Project Requirements ...... 22 3.3 Project Design ...... 23 3.4 Testing ...... 29 3.5 Implementation ...... 31 CHAPTER 4 ...... 32

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ...... 32 4.1 Data Gathering and Analysis ...... 32 ...... 40

...... 41

...... 42

V

CHAPTER 5 ...... 43

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 43 5.1 CONCLUSIONS ...... 43 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 44 Appendix I: Orang Asli Population Distribution Map in Malaysia ...... VII

Appendix II: Orang Asli Group ...... VII

Appendix III: Sprint Planning ...... X

Appendix IV: User Acceptance Testing Survey ...... XI

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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1 Maori Language Website ...... 13 Figure 2 Bahasa Iban Website ...... 13 Figure 3 Agile Methodology (sources: ADF KICKSTART: Agile Methodology) ...... 16 Figure 4 ESTP Timeline ...... 19 Figure 5 FYP I Gantt Chart ...... 20 Figure 6 FYP II Gantt Chart ...... 21 Figure 7 ESTP System Architecture ...... 23 Figure 8 ESTP Use Case ...... 24 Figure 9 Dictionary Search Flow Chart ...... 25 Figure 10 View Dictionary Flow Chart ...... 26 Figure 11 Upload Material Flow Chart ...... 27 Figure 12 Download Material Flow Chart ...... 28 Figure 13 ESTP Main Page ...... 34 Figure 14 Main Page ...... 35 Figure 15 Dictionary Page ...... 36 Figure 16 Dictionary Admin Side ...... 37 Figure 17 Sharing Material Page ...... 38 Figure 18 Discussion Room Page ...... 39 Figure 19 News & Events Page ...... 40 Figure 20 Login Page ...... 41 Figure 21 Account Registration Page ...... 42 Figure 22 Orang Asli Population Distribution Map in Malaysia (sources: Google Images) . VII Figure 23 The Semai People ( Group) (sources: Google Images) ...... VII Figure 24 The Semelai People (Proto-Malay Group) (sources: Google Images) ...... VII Figure 25 The Bateq People ( Group) (sources: Google Images) ...... VII Figure 26 Sprint Planning (sources: Google Images) ...... X

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study In Malaysia Education system, there are more than 100 of subjects that are to be taught in schools. The main subjects that need to be taught are Bahasa Melayu, English, Mathematics and Science. However, there are also subject that is referred as elective subject/language being offered in certain schools in Malaysia schools as part of the “Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah” (KSSR) program. Electives languages are taught in schools based on several reasons as stated in the Education Act 1996.

Based on the Act, the elective language will be offered in schools if there are (i)demand of parents of at least 15 pupils in the schools and (ii) the indigenous languages shall be made avaiable if it reasonale and practicable so to do. Ethnic Language Unit (2007) (as cited in Zamri Mahamod & Magdeline Nor, 2012) stated, among the elective language or also known as the native language that already been taught is schools is, Tamil, Chinese, Iban and also Semai. The language are separated into different level of class like for example, Bahasa Semai is only available for student in standard 3, 4, 5 and 6. Bahasa Semai is mainly taught in Perak and , Bahasa Iban in and KadazanDusun in .

In this research it will focus on the Semai language. Megan (1999) study (as cited in Endicott & Dentan, 2004) stated, “Today Orang Asli comprise at least nineteen culturally and linguistically distinct groups. The largest are the Semai, Temiar, Jakun (Orang Hulu), and Temuan. In 1999 they numbered about 105,000, less than 0.5% of the total Malaysian population”. In Malaysia, the Orang Asli is categorized as the indigenous minority people. Uniquely, each ethnic group is actually does not belong to one particular group or scientifically referred as Homogenous group. This is because; each has their own mother tongue and culture that is different from each other (Nicholas, 1996). According to (Medley, July 15, 2013) the Orang Asli in Malaysia is divided into three major groups and each group is made up of eighteen different tribes. “The language of the Orang Asli in Malaysia is classified into two groups: Aslian and Proto- Malay. The Aslian languages form a

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branch of the Mon-Khmer language family and geographically range through most of the Malay Peninsula” (Lewis, 2009, as cited in Phillips, 2005). The classification is as below;

i. Semang Group( also known as the Negrito)  Found in Northern region of Malaysia  Their physical is most similar to the people in Africa-appearance and complexion (dark skin and curly hair)  Related to the tribes found in Philippines  Kensiu, Kintak, Lanoh, Jahai, Mendriq, Bateq ii. Senoi Group  The largest Orang Asli group  Mostly in central of Malaysia  The language used is under the Mon-Khmer  Believed to migrate from southern Thailand  Temiar, Semai, Semoq, Beri,Jah Hut, Mahmeri, Che Wong iii. Proto- Group  Located in the South of Malaysia  Physical, appearance and culture almost similar to the Malays  Had close interaction with the Bornean Austronesian  , , , Jakun, Semelai, Temuan

Refer Appendix I & II for pictures references

1.1.1 Bahasa Semai in Schools Since Semai is the largest and also the purest language among all the Orang Asli language in Malaysia, therefore, it is chosen to be included in the education structure. Not only that, if compared to the other ethnic language, it actually consist words and sentence structure that is similar as in English and Bahasa Melayu that have grammar, subjective, and others. Phillips (2013) research shows that Bahasa Semai still stays true and follow their ancestry that is the Mon-Khmer. The language contain rich set of vowels as they spoke and use the language without any changes from the original and until now, the speakers of Semai language is more than others Aslian language in Malaysia.

Until now, there are more than 10 primary schools all over Malaysia especially in the Northern, Southern and also the middle area of Malaysia that offered Bahasa Semai as elective subject under the KSSR program. In the Northern region itself, which focuses around the Perak area, there are three primary schools that included Bahasa Semai in their subject list. The teachers assigned for the subject is basically the teachers that is also comes from the Orang Asli ethnics. This is because, even they are not from the Senoi ethnic group, but they can understand a little bit of the language. From the research done by Shulman (1986) (as cited in Zamri Mahamod & Magdeline Nor, 2012) on the PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge), he found that 90 percent to 95 percent of the study showed that teachers need to master either knowledge or basic knowledge points like general knowledge. Meanwhile, (Zaidah Yazid, 2005) believes teacher‟s knowledge and skills in teaching a particular subject will determine how well the teacher can teach the subject in schools. In PCK, the way how they use and applied their knowledge and skills is the main factor that will ensure the objective for the subject is successful.

The teaching of Bahasa Semai in school is not often heard or talked about in fact, it is not listed as important examination like Tamil and Chinese that is included in UPSR, PMR and SPM. However, starting few years back, the Ministry of Education (MOE) under the Ethnic Language Department put the initiative to enforce the language to be as important as Tamil, Chinese and Iban. There are many steps taken to make sure that the subject are being teach properly in schools and they also make efforts to make sure the teachers know what they are teaching rather than just teaching because they have been instructed to teach the language. Proper syllabus is being constructed and aligned then teachers are given training to enhance their skills in learning and understanding the language. This is because; MOE implemented the PCK method, as suggested by Shulman. The coordinators will visit respective schools to monitor the teachers during the teaching process in order to find any problems and weaknesses in delivering the language in class .Meetings between the teachers and coordinators from the Ethnic Department was conducted once in a few months to keep updates about the subject‟s progress. Teachers will discuss more about the language by having a sharing session for example, on how they can improve the methods of teaching the language in schools and what is student‟s feedback in class.

1.2 Problem Statement In today worlds that is full of computing technology, traditional methods are no longer effective in some aspects of life for example, sharing materials and communication between teachers. There are many technology„s that can be used as a medium to assist in developing and expanding the progress of Bahasa Semai teaching in schools. It would be more efficient if the subject have its own portal that can help the teachers and also the coordinators in terms of;

i. Sharing the knowledge on how to teach this subject interestingly in schools ii. Communicate directly and to discuss any updates regarding Bahasa Semai subject

If others language such as Bahasa Melayu, Tamil and Chinese can have their own computing support or system that can help the teachers, then why not Bahasa Semai have the same support? The teaching materials and teaching skills used by teachers to attract the students to learn this language is currently not widely shared among the Bahasa Semai teachers. The main material that is the textbook is important for students but for teachers, it is better for them to learn and have depth knowledge in Bahasa Semai as being suggested in the PCK methodology. By having teachers that comes from various backgrounds and are teaching student with various interests, knowledge share could assists in the process of teaching and learning.

This is one of the main concerns as they were supposedly to share everything about the language to each other‟s. Teaching methods could be shared between teachers to improvise their teaching which may end up in having ability to sustain the student‟s interest. The subject does not only being taught to students that is from the Senoi group but it is also applied to the others Orang Asli ethnic group like the Semelai and Mahmeri. To sustain student‟s interest in learning the language is not the same as it would be with Chinese and Tamil. Several reasons are, the subject is not included in important examination and in class learning is not important as they can learn the language verbally through friends. Therefore, the possibility of having the E-Semai Teaching Portal (ESTP) to solve of these problems is needed.

1.3 Objectives Based on the problem, the objectives of the research are;

i. To provide a portal that can share information and knowledge to all teachers that is teaching Bahasa Semai in Government schools.  ESTP will act as a portal that can increase the depth of knowledge for the teachers that been teaching Bahasa Semai. ii. To identify the importance of having a computing technology that can support the idea of expanding Bahasa Semai between the teachers.  Computing technology allows users to share any new updates of information through online in an easy way and structured. If this is apply to the idea of expanding Bahasa Semai among teachers that teach the subject in schools, the portal will help them in terms of knowledge sharing and updates new information about the subject. iii. To encourage the sustainability of Bahasa Semai through the knowledge shared by ESTP.  Teachers can help to sustain the Aslian language continuity and originality and prevent the language from extinct or mixing it with other languages. Thus makes the language is not unique anymore.  The knowledge the teachers get from the sharing in ESTP, unknowingly making themself as a human sharing center. They can spread the knowledge for example, on how to speak Bahasa Semai to other people beside the pupils in schools that also want to learn the language. This can be achieved as when the teachers learn from the portal, for sure, they will be gladly to share the language to other people through their personal social media and interactions.

1.4 Scope of Study The scope for this study is the teachers in Government primary schools that teach Bahasa Semai as elective language.

The development of the portal will go through few phases and some of the phases are expected to finish at the end of Final Year Project 2 which is in September 2015 which is included in Chapter 3 Methodology. The user for ESTP will include teachers that teach the language and the coordinators only.

The relevancy for this research is; it is believed that ESTP will bring a good impact towards the entire objective that has been mentioned. If ESTP managed to achieved all the objectives, others benefits will also come together as, it might also serve as a platform to make sure that Bahasa Semai continuity in the Orang Asli future generation especially for the Semai ethnic group that use this language as their mother tongue. It will not only will help the teachers but also will help the community and sustain the culture of the Orang Asli people.

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Orang Asli Education in Malaysia Beside from the Malay and the ethnics in Sabah and Sarawak, the Orang Asli in Peninsular is also being categorized as the by the Malaysia Government. Rusaslina Idrus (2011) clearly stated that the Orang Asli rights are protected under the Aboriginal Peoples Act of 1954 which include the right of land, socio-economy and educations. The Government has been aiming to improve the Orang Asli life through education. Specifically, Section 17 in the Aboriginal Peoples Act of 1954 stated that the aborigines not to be excluded from any school and should have the equality of education as other ethnicity.

Thus, the Government have come up with the initiative to establish Orang Asli own department in the government management office that is Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli (JAKOA)-formerly known as Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli (JHEOA). JAKOA is responsible in managing the affair of the Orang Asli people in Peninsular. Their work scope covers all from hospitality to education matters. Any issues that Orang Asli has towards the Government, JAKOA will act as the middle person to address the issue to the Government.

In order to ensure that the Orang Asli have the same level of development as the citizen of Malaysia, the Government has planned various strategy and development plan and it includes the development of educational level among the Orang Asli. As quoted by (Kamarulzaman Kamaruddin, June, 2008), the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development have entrusted JAKOA with the authority to manage any educational matters that is related to the Orang Asli in Malaysia. This effort is to ensure the Orang Asli life is improved through proper education assistance.

There are many programmes that have been done to make sure that the Orang Asli students are not left behind in education. Education is very important nowadays for everyone. Even in Africa, the children there are given education so that the future generation would have knowledge and one day will be the future pillars of

development for their country. Nicholas (2009) mentioned that the Aborigines Act 1954 has recognized the Orang Asli rights towards the right or having proper education level. They can have the freedom of seeking knowledge and go to schools as the other ethnic can. The Orang Asli should not be treated differently just because they are the aborigines‟ people.

To encourage the Orang Asli student to go to schools and pursue knowledge they were given a lot of financial assistance by the Government. For example, in schools, they do not have to pay for the school fees because it already been covered and subsidized by the Government and to the extent, monthly pocket money were given to schools children. If the students managed to get into higher learning institute especially the Government universities, the students will get free scholarship given by JAKOA under the budget given by the Government and also from other organizations like FELDA (Norwaliza Abdul Wahab, Abdul Razaq Ahmad, Zalizan Mohd Jelas, Norshariani Abd Rahman & Lilia Halim, Dec., 2014). This means, for the Orang Asli to pursue knowledge and go to schools, everything is free for them as they have to pay nothing. Schools were built in rural area to make it easier for them to go to schools without having to travel far.

2.2 Education Problems among the Orang Asli Students The level of thinking and acceptance towards education by the Orang Asli is not the same as other race. The educational development comes late to them because the development and reaching to them takes lot of time as they were living in the rural areas and some are still practicing the nomad lifestyle. However, the Government been trying to reach them and try to increase their level of awareness towards the importance of having education. “Education is the main agenda in the Orang Asli‟s development programmes and as a key mechanism in the effort to improve their quality of life” (Mohd Tap, 1990, as cited by Mohd Asri Mohd Noor, 2012).Nevertheless, regardless of many education awareness and support been exposed towards them, the problems of attaining the Orang Asli children to go to schools and pursue studies until higher learning is still being an issue until today.

Until today, even though there have been an improve in the level of awareness of going to schools among the Orang Asli students however, the number of Orang Asli students dropping schools and did not finish their education at least until the end of secondary schools are still very high and poverty is the main reason why this is happening (Nicholas, July, 2005). The level of poverty in some area of the Orang Asli village are still high because they have no fix income as they were living depending to the natural resources and also due to the factors of nomad lifestyle. In some develop areas, like in Pahang and Johor, organizations like FELDA and RISDA help the Orang Asli by giving them assistance in opening their own small rubber or palm oil plantation to help them improving their economy. Parents stop their children from going to schools as they consider it not important. Helping parents at home and find foods are more important for them because they are stuck with the traditional thinking and not thinking for the future. Newman (1995) (as cited in Md.Nasir Masran, Ramlah Jantan, Nachiappan, S., Abd.Aziz Shukor & Roslinda Mustapha, 2010) believes that being poverty have develop a culture or believe where, when you are being poor, nothing else is important rather than trying to find ways on how to survive. This culture and believe will develop into children‟s mind and make them to follow the rules of surviving.

Another reason why the Orang Asli students drop school is, they feel that schools did not attract them and have issue with other students from other race. They were sometimes being bullied just because they were the Orang Asli and teachers did

not understand their differences as the Orang Asli were a slow learner because they did not receive full exposure as compared to the others (Michael & Chuen, Sept., 2012).

Mohd Fauzi (2006) (as cited in Abdull Sukor Shaari, Nuraini Yusoff, Mohd Izam Ghazali & Mohd Hasani Dali, Nov., 2011) stated that the percentage of Orang Asli student passing examination is very low compared to others. They were left behind far and categorized as the isolated people. Sustaining their interest is very challenging even though many efforts were made not only by the Government, but also by schools and the teachers itself. Lack of proper facilities and schools is too far is adding to the reasons why they are not interested to go to schools (Mazdi Marzuki, Jabil Mapjabil & Rosmiza Mohd Zainol, 2014). Some students have the interest but due to the factors of schools are too far from home have breaking their motivation. Some schools provided dormitory but they refused to stay away from their family not because of the reason cannot live independent but it is because as stated by Newman earlier, being poor is not easy. The students need to help their parent after school hours and on the weekend. Being far from families will make it hard for them to help their parents.

2.3 The Roles of Technology in Sustaining Orang Asli Student Interest Teaching and learning process in schools have change throughout the years. Starting the year of 2000‟s, the Government have encouraged the use of technology is schools to sustain students interest in learning. Megan et.al (2013) (as cited in Intan Farahana Kamsin, Rosseni Din, NorSyazwani Mat Salleh, Analisa Hamdan & Siti Zuraida Abdul Manaf, 2014) stated that technology plays important roles in learning and teaching process. The method will lead to long term successful in sustaining and attracting Orang Asli student interest in learning.

It is the teacher‟s responsibility to search for new information by using the technology available nowadays and find ideas on their teaching methods thus, sustaining their student‟s interest and increase the level of understanding the subject. Following the PCK methodology that has been enforced by MOE to all teachers, it is necessary that teachers have depth of knowledge in the subjects that they teach in schools. Kozma (1991) said, through technology, teachers can get access to new knowledge, tools and teaching methods that will help them during the teaching process.

Computing technology have proven to be a great help to teachers in getting deeper knowledge and learning new teaching techniques to be implemented in schools (McGhee & Kozma, n.d ) (as cited in Hennessy, Harrison, & Wamakote, 2010). Encouraging the teachers to explore the technology is important in these days because the old method of teaching and pedagogy is no longer effective in teaching. Students like new information and interesting classroom (Prensky, 2008). Ofsted (2002) (as cited in Elmaifi, 2014) support the idea and mentioned “ICT allow for a higher quality lessons through collaboration with teachers in planning and preparing resources”.

2.4 The Significance of ESTP Towards Knowledge Sharing The significance of developing ESTP is to assist teachers in finding new ways of teaching Bahasa Semai in schools by sharing ideas with other teachers from other schools thus, encouraging knowledge sharing. Carol et.al (n.d) believes that a teacher is a knowledge worker that possesses knowledge of a certain matters or area. The knowledge that they have automatically made them as the center of knowledge that has the ability to analyze, understand and share the knowledge to other people. Meanwhile,( Rosnaini Mahmud, Mohd Arif Hj Ismail, Fadzilah Abdul Rahman, Nurzatulshima Kamarudin & Aisyatul Radhiah Ruslan, 2012) study shows teacher factor is critical in the success of the implementation of the Eduwebtv online portal for teaching and learning purposes. It is important for the teachers to understand the role of the online portal in assisting them to teach using technology-based content.

The originality and sustainability of Bahasa Semai is important to sustain as the language is one of the oldest Aslian language and it reflects the Senoi group identity. Bahasa Semai cannot be found in any written document as it is only speak and practice through orally and passed from generations to generations (Boucher, 2004). Therefore, ESTP will help the teachers in mastering the language, hence making sure the language originality is preserved through the right form of words usage and applications through proper learning in schools. Gill (2014) believe that language reflect one identity of background.

Other ethnic language like the New Zealand native language that is Maori, have their own portal and websites (Figure 1) that includes the dictionary and others important detail about their ethnic and language.

The closest to us which is Bahasa Iban also have a portal that is been created by the chairman of committee for Bahasa Iban for teachers in schools. Foley (n.d) supported the research and he strongly agrees that the internet allows people to share their language thus, strengthen the efforts of sustaining the ethnic language so that everyone would know the about an ethnic existence and their identity.

Figure 1 Maori Language Website

Figure 2 Bahasa Iban Website

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Development Process There are many types of methodology in developing an IT project. For example, Rapid Application Development and the most famous that is the Waterfall Methodology. Methodology provides tools for developer to know what should be done and how to do it. It consists of disciplines that provide a guideline on what need to be done to make sure the project is successful. For this research, a new favorite methodology is used which is the Agile Methodology.

Agile methodology is actually a collection of methodology that been influenced by few people who are also known as the influencer. The first well known influencer is Kent Beck who introduced the XP proponent, however, the actual person who really starter the idea is Bob Martin (Banerjee, March 23, 2003). The XP proponents start from the year of 1992 until now and the movement is being influence by different influencer, each with own techniques as stated in Banerjee blog;

i. Alistair Cockburn – Crystal methods ii. Bill Opdyke – Refactoring iii. Jennifer Stapleton and Arie van Bennekum – Dynamic System Development method iv. Jeff Sutherland, Ken Schwaber and Mike Beedle – Scrum and Pair Development v. Jim Coplien and Larry Constantine – Pair Development and many more.

The Agile methodology is chosen because it is opposite from all the traditional methodology known before and as mentioned above, Scrum is known as the component of the Agile methodology as influence by the influencer above. Scrum is famous for its simplicity and flexibility which is suitable for the ESTP development. There are three actors involved in Scrum which is, Scrum Master (Supervisor), Product Owner (user/client) and Developer team. This is because; due

to time constraint, only certain functions or phases will expect to be done by the end of the Final Semester in September 2015. Scrum can maintained the quality of the project and provide a clear guideline on the project development.

The work progress is iterated and developer can always fix what is wrong in the portal unlike Waterfall model that need phase by phase development. The rest phase cannot start if the current phase is not completed and perfect. Scrum allows the developer to choose the phase based on the highest priority. Story Points is used to estimate the work based on the size, efforts and complexity, not based on the duration. The duration for development will be counted based on the story points that been given for each functionalities. The prioritization is decided based on its functionalities as example, the sharing material page is the most important in achieving the objective if compared to teachers profile page. The prioritization for story values is measured using the Fibonacci Sequence to estimate the importance‟s for the functionalities. The advantages of using Scrum;

 Sprint techniques - This is a technique of planning the development for each functionalities/phase of the project. Each sprint will consist of maximum of four weeks for development. However, for ESTP, the sprint will be minimized to 2-3 weeks per sprint. Refer Appendix III  Product Backlog - Product Backlog is used as a planning on what need to be done in each sprint - This is where the timeline are calculated carefully and prioritization of functionalities is being placed. - Product backlog acts as a reference for the developer so that she will know which phase have complete, which functionalities need to be corrected or make more better and identify the one that need to be placed at last rank as it is not important. This is referred as Backlog Grooming.  Suitable with short timeline project - Since the timeline given is shorter and there are many scopes to cover, therefore, Agile Methodology that uses Scrum technique is a good choice as the quality is more important than the quantity. Future

recommendations can be recommended for other functionalities that cannot finish on time. This methodology allows the developer to identify the level of importance for each function in ESTP.

Figure 3 Agile Methodology (sources: ADF KICKSTART: Agile Methodology) Diagram in Figure 1 shows the Agile Methodology used in developing ESTP. The further explanation is as below;

Cycle 1

i. Development 1  Start the project - Initiate the project - Define all the requirements and functionalities - Prioritize the requirements from high level to low level . Using the Fibonacci Sequence Techniques - Start adding Functionality 1 to the portal

- After finish the sprint, iteration and test will be done to make sure the function works well with no bugs or developer. Scrum techniques required the developer to do testing every time each sprint is done to check on any issues or bugs then it is been recorded for the next sprint in the next development. - The maximum week for each sprint is only four weeks. ii. Development 2  After finish doing iteration (if done) developer can start with adding functionalities 2  However, the developer can choose to still do the functionalities 1 if she feels that it is important to fix the issues first. iii. Development 3  Do the sprint for next functionalities.  This will continue according to prioritize that have been set in Product Backlog  In the case of approaching timeline and still have many tasks to do, the lowest rank functionalities may be discarded and choose to be included in the future recommendation iv. Release  The release is done if the developer is convinced that everything has been done and need to show to the project manager and also the client for feedback. v. Feedback  The most important phase as it will determine the project manager and client reaction towards the portal.  The acceptance of user means the portal can go to testing steps and then release for actual use. However, if the portal is rejected and need improvement, then the developer needs to consider the nest phase cycle.  Therefore it is recommended to finish the development as early as possible as scope creeps and rejection may happen.

Cycle 2

i. Phase 1  Record the problems or the issue need to be fix and incorporate the changes ii. Phase 2  Adjust the track by reprioritize the issues that have been identify during feedback. iii. Continue with the next development and iteration and repeat the whole process in Cycle 1.

However, before the process can be start, it is crucial to conduct a feasibility analysis based on the time frame given and also the project development time frame. A proper analysis is done to ensure the smoothness of the project development process and thus, ensure the successful of the portal. The time feasibility analysis is included in the ESTP Milestone (Figure 4) and Gantt chart for FYP 1(Figure 5) and FYP 2 (Figure 6). In using the Agile methodology and Scrum technique, it is very important that the timeline is aligned with the sprint because it will be the reference for the development process.

*week 9 FYP II *week 14

Figure 4 ESTP Timeline

Figure 5 FYP I Gantt Chart

Figure 6 FYP II Gantt Chart

3.2 Project Requirements This sub-topic will discuss on the User requirement on what need to be include in the portal. Then the requirement on portal development will also be included in this section.

3.2.1 User Requirement Analysis

The project requirement for this project is based from the interview that has been conducted. The objective is to identify what are the features and functionalities the portal should have. Based from the data that have been collected, the results of the user requirement analysis are;

3.2.2 Portal Development

i. Hardware Required  For development - Asus A450C - RAM 4GB - OS:64-bit,x64-based processor - Processor: Intel® Core™ i5-3337U, CPU @ 1.80GHz  For User side - Any laptop or Desktop with RAM 4GB or more - OS:64-bit - Processor: Intel® ii. Software Required (for development)  Bootstrap  XAMPP iii. Language  CSS,PHP,HTML and JavaScript iv. Connection  Local Connection (UTP)

3.3 Project Design In this sub-topic, we will discuss in details about the project design and development. The phase will start with the system architecture and then followed with project design.

3.3.1 System Architecture The system architecture for ESTP will include the simple basic architecture. In the Figure 7, when the user/admin login the portal, it will connect to the local server. Then the server will do checking with the database stored in MySQL about all the details like username and password. The activity like uploading materials and updating user profile will be updated in the database. Other activities like viewing and downloading materials will have direct access to the database and database will do checking and retrieved the information back to the users.

Figure 7 ESTP System Architecture

3.3.2 Use Case (Figure 8) The actor for the ESTP is the Administrator, Teachers and Coordinators. From the user side which is, the teachers and coordinators, they can log in and view all the features in the portal. The system will check the username and password to make sure it is valid. If the visitor is a new user, they need to register and create a new account. Then, the user will be directed to the Portal main view, where they can use functions like Discussion Room to share any new updates or discussion about the subject matters. They can upload any material into the Sharing Material page and share with other teachers and also the coordinators. The user can also download any materials that are available in the database.

Figure 8 ESTP Use Case

3.3.3 Flow Chart Dictionary Search Function Flow

Figure 9 Dictionary Search Flow Chart Search Function is for the user to use when they want to search a specific word in the Dictionary page. If the system identifies the userID and password, the user can go to the Dictionary page. Since the content for the dictionary is confidential at the meantime, therefore, in order to view, the user needs to create an account first before can use and view the page. User can search using keywords and the system will display any relevant words that match only on the table that is currently viewed by the user.

Dictionary View Function Flow

Figure 10 View Dictionary Flow Chart

Flowchart above shows the flow of user opening the Dictionary page. The user can only view the Dictionary without any capability to do any changes to the table. For example, adding new words or modifies the words. The capability is only granted to the Admin which is the developer and Coordinators. This is because; the reference book or dictionary of the Bahasa Semai is held by the Coordinators. Therefore, only they will have the permission to add, change or delete any words.

Upload Material Functions Flow

Figure 11 Upload Material Flow Chart

Download Material Functions Flow

Figure 12 Download Material Flow Chart

The Upload and Download function flow chart (Figure 11 & Figure 12) is the flow of one of the function that is available in the portal. This function allows the user to upload and download any materials into the portal for sharing purpose with each other.

3.4 Testing By applying the Scrum techniques, for every development done in each phase, there will be a testing. Unit testing will be conducted to ensure the goal for each phase is successful. Successful have a subjective meaning however, each phase goal will be considered successful if there are no bugs in the functionality built. Since this is a prototype portal, the end testing will begin when all functionality is finished built and the portal will be tested for user feedback. If the portal is accepted, the user acceptance testing need to be conducted again to ensure there are no glitches or bugs in the portal. The user acceptance test can only be conducted by having a real user which is the teachers in the primary school using the portal. The feedback will be collected for real implementation and if there are any recommendations or functionalities that the user insist to have in the portal, then the prototype will be go through other phase of sprint to develop new requirement. If the portal is fully accepted, then the sprint is not needed and can continue straight to implementation.

3.4.1 ESTP User Acceptance Testing User Acceptance testing was done with six teachers from two different schools in Perak Tengah area; SK. Chenderong Kelubi, Tanjung Tualang and SK.Ayer Denak, Tronoh. Since the number of teachers who are teaching Bahasa Semai is limited unlike other subjects, the method of analyzing the results cannot be quantitative and presented in graph. An open-ended survey questions was distributed to the six teachers and based from the feedback received, analysis was done to measure the results. From the data collected, the results shows;

 6/6 teachers agreed that ESTP is a good system that can help them in sharing information thus, encourage them in knowledge sharing about Bahasa Semai subject.  6/6 teachers voted three most significant needs in ESTP is Introduction to Bahasa Semai page, Dictionary page and Discussion Room page.  5/6 teachers said ESTP help them to learn and know better about Bahasa Semai.  1 teacher mention that since his mother tongue is not Semai language, ESTP helps him to learn the language through the Dictionary function.

- “This portal can help me in delivering Bahasa Semai subject in school because this language is not my mother tongue” (Cuaili Sulim, Bahasa Semai Teacher in SK Chenderong Kelubi,Tanjung Tualang)

Overall, positive feedback is received and the teachers also suggest few recommendations for ESTP to make it better.

.

3.5 Implementation Implementation will be done after user acceptance testing on the prototype portal is finish and get approval from both the supervisor and also the user. Post Interview session is conducted by visiting the teachers in the respected schools around Perak. The questions that have been asked focused on the portal usability, reliability and user friendly. Survey is distributed to collect more data for accuracy on how effective the portal in assisting the teachers in teaching Bahasa Semai and ensuring the objective is achieved. Also, the feedback is to identify any issues or impact that is both might be negative or positive towards the users. The sustainability, reliability and security of the portal are tested to ensure ESTP is a user friendly portal and can be used for a long term.

Based from the user acceptance testing done, there are few requests that the teachers ask to make ESTP better, more informative and interactive thus, achieving all the objectives as well as educating the users. Therefore, the release of ESTP to the market is still on hold and by following the Agile Methodology, Cycle 2 (Refer Figure 3) will start. The request is recorded and changes or enhancement will be made to ESTP. The full implementation will be done after the cycles are completed

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Data Gathering and Analysis For FYP 1, the data was collected through interview with the Bahasa Semai coordinator who is also the Assistant Director from the Ethnic Language Department in MOE. The interview was conducted to have a further understanding on why Bahasa Semai is offered in primary schools, what are the content and also others important matters like who involved in this programme. The information is needed so that when developing the portal, the content is clearer and can avoid any issue of misunderstanding.

The pre-interview is crucial in gathering the user requirements for the prototype development. Since there are time constraint, a prototype will be develop first based on what the coordinators agree to have then, the portal will be tested with real user. The initial information that needs to be known is that, why Bahasa Semai is offered in primary schools and how it is implemented in the schools. During the interview, the Bahasa Semai coordinator explained the reason on why Bahasa Semai needs to be offered in primary Government schools that have Orang Asli student. He also explained what the syllabus content is and what the teachers teach in class.

The second information needed is about the proposed system which is the ESTP which is, if ESTP is developed, what would be the coordinators and teachers respond to this idea. Will they accept the idea or reject the idea. Then he also mentioned that the idea is good as the portal is needed as a medium for all teachers to connect to with each other and also with the coordinators. Based on the pre- interview, below are the results;

4.1.1 Data Gathering  User Requirement and Pre Development - Portal Content and Functionalities  The data are collected from interview session  The interview session is to understand more about Bahasa Semai subject teach in schools. For example how teachers teach the subject in schools and what textbook are they use. - Database  For the Dictionary page, the database is developed based on the Textbook Kamus Trilingual and Draf Tatamengwal Engrok Semai (Private & Confidential Resources)  All the content is retrieved from both textbook so that there is no confusion in similarity and reliability of content.  Post Development - Interview and survey  The interview and survey was done to gain feedback from user about the portal.  It is to identify any impact towards the teachers. Is there any positive or negative feedback?

From all the data required, an analysis was made and the analysis shows that ESTP is needed for the teaching of Bahasa Semai in primary schools. A storyboard is created from the analysis get based on the pre-interview. The storyboard is for the prototype development reference. The storyboard will help in guiding the development, thus, avoiding any scope creep from happen during the progress. Scope creep can cause time lost and may affect the whole portal development. Therefore, it is important to have a guide in the development. The story board design makes a clear guideline of how to develop ESTP and ESTP complete portal is as in 4.1.2 User Interface.

4.1.2 User Interface

Figure 13 ESTP Main Page This is the main page for E-Semai Teaching Portal (ESTP) where there will be an introduction summary about the Orang Asli people in Malaysia. The menu bar of the portal shows only few views like About Bahasa Semai subject in schools. The News Updates will display all the important news that is posted by the admin that is the coordinators. The idea is to alert the teachers on any changes or meetings. The main page does not require login however, if user want to open the Profiles, Materials and Chat Rooms page, user need to log in. only then, they can view all the categories available in ESTP. The login is for data security protection. The useful links tab contained all the links that is related to the subject and important for the teachers. The Social Network link would direct the user to social network opened for the

subject. For example, Facebook group and YouTube channel that have all the videos related. Figure 14 below shows extra information about the Semai ethnic.

Figure 14 Main Page

Figure 15 Dictionary Page Dictionary page included all the content or syllabuses following the MOE structure which include all the Basic Phonology that consist of vocal, consonant and number. The page has the Search function where it will make the user easier to find any words in the table view. This is the user view because onlyAdmin can do changes to the database.

Figure 16 Dictionary Admin Side This is the Admin side dictionary page. The admin can insert new words into the table by just fill in the textbox and click insert then the system will save it direct into the database. Only the Admin have this access and they need to login using Admin username and password.

Figure 17 Sharing Material Page Materials page is consist of all materials that have been shared in the portal. When login, the user can view this and download the material/document wanted. They can also know who are the owners of the materials and download the content. Users only need to click on the Checkbox to select any materials. This is very useful for more than one download. User can also upload new materials into the portal. Only document in supported format are allowed to upload into the portal like pdf, jpeg and words.

Figure 18 Discussion Room Page Discussion Room page is the communication platform for all the users to have a discussion. The teachers can chat with each other‟s through this page in both real time and also archive. To join the discussion or post a new topic, the user need to login again either using Facebook or Google account. User can separate the topic into different channels so it will be easier to trace the discussion.

Figure 19 News & Events Page News and Events page shows example of fun facts shared by the Admin for portal visitor. Coordinators will update any news and events regarding Bahasa Semai in this page so that the teachers will get new information.

Figure 20 Login Page The user need to login before can use the full functions of ESTP. User can click create new account if they did not have any account existing yet or, if they forget their password, they can also click the Forgotten Password link and set new password.

Figure 21 Account Registration Page

User can create new account in this page by filling up all their details needed in the form. The details will be stored in database and the system will keep it under guest database.

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 CONCLUSIONS The usage of technology especially computing technology is much needed nowadays especially if one wants to share information with other people. Bahasa Semai is not known to many people and the teachers that teaching this subject in schools has no computing technology that can assist them in teaching and learning process.

ESTP can assist the teachers to share any knowledge regarding Bahasa Semai with each other‟s in a more convenient ways. The proposed portal will be a great assistance for teachers in finding assistance during need times for example, when they are having holiday or training and they need to access to their teaching materials or refer to the syllabus. The portal mobility and content is important for the teachers as it contain all the reference that they need.

The continuity and appreciations towards the language also can be seen when ESTP is developed. It is relevant to the objective of making sure the language continuity and originality is preserved. It is important to preserve ethnic language not only for Bahasa Semai but also other ethnic languages. In the future, this portal can be a reference for the other language.

From the user acceptance testing and results analysis done, it shows that ESTP is a great assistance for teachers in finding assistance during needed times. Function like Dictionary page is the most significance need for ESTP and very useful for the teachers. In conclusion, ESTP are very important and needed by Bahasa Semai teachers because, ESTP offers a great help for them in the teaching and learning process. ESTP also is a knowledge sharing center for the teachers and the coordinators that can educate them about Bahasa Semai and the origin of Bahasa Semai through page like About Us and Dictionary.

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS There are few recommendations that are crucial for the portal to have in the future. It is not meant to change the whole portal; however, it is to make sure that the portal would have a better interactivity side and user friendly. Features like teaching method page that include all the teaching materials like video, games and PowerPoint slides can be include to diversify the sharing method of teaching this language. As for now, the Share Materials page only focus on sharing documented materials that is in PDF and Microsoft Words form.

Since the other main idea of having ESTP is to provide a mobile learning system where can be access at anywhere and at any time, it is recommended that in the future, this portal is available in mobile apps version. Mobile apps is more preferable for the future development as it will be more user friendly since everyone is using smartphone these days.

The language use in the portal will also be added for enhancement. For now, English is use but in the future, it is planned that the portal will be available in Bahasa Semai language to support the usage of the language, thus achieving the objective of practicing Bahasa Semai and widening the language usage. Also, in the future, the access into the portal will be open to students and also the public to view so that can educate them about Semai language and its origin.

Appendix I: Orang Asli Population Distribution Map in Malaysia

Figure 22 Orang Asli Population Distribution Map in Malaysia (sources: Google Images)

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Appendix II: Orang Asli Group

Figure 23 The Semai People (Senoi Group) (sources: Google Images)

Figure 24 The Semelai People (Proto-Malay Group) (sources: Google Images)

Figure 25 The Bateq People (Semang Group) (sources: Google Images)

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Appendix III: Sprint Planning

Figure 26 Sprint Planning (sources: Google Images)

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Appendix IV: User Acceptance Testing Survey

Maklum Balas mengenai E-Semai Teaching Portal (ESTP) Kaji selidik ini adalah untuk mengumpul maklum balas mengenai ESTP selepas penggunaan portal. Objektif utama adalah untuk mengukur impak ESTP dalam membantu guru-guru mencapai objektif pengajaran Bahasa Semai dan juga mengetahui sejauh mana ESTP berjaya dalam mencapai objektif yang ditetapkan di awal kaji selidik. Maklum balas dari penggunaan sistem ini adalah penting untuk mengenalpasti cadangan atau penambahbaikan yang boleh digunakan untuk memastikan ESTP adalah satu (1) kajian yang berjaya dan boleh digunakan.

Nama Penuh Guru

Kelas/Darjah Bahasa Semai yang diajar

Bilangan Tahun Mengajar Bahasa Semai

1. Setelah berpeluang untuk menggunakan ESTP, apakah pandangan awal anda mengenai portal ini? Sila nyatakan

2. Adakah portal ini menarik perhatian dan mesra pengguna?  Ya (Jika “Ya” sila jawab soalan 3. Jika “Tidak”, sila abaikan soalan 3)  Tidak (Sila nyatakan sebab)

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3. Sila bulatkan nombor skala untuk antaramuka portal ini. Skala bermula dari 1 [Sangat Menarik] hingga 5 [Sangat Tidak Menarik].

1 2 3 4 5 Sangat Menarik Sederhana Tidak Sangat Tidak Menarik Menarik Menarik

4. Adakah portal ini senang untuk digunakan?  Ya  Tidak

5. Antara ciri-ciri ESTP di bawah, yang manakah sangat berguna sebagai bahan rujukan untuk anda akses pada bila-bila masa? (Anda boleh tandakan  pada lebih dari satu (1) ciri)  Pengenalan mengenai subjek Bahasa Semai  Kamus Bahasa Semai  Profil Guru dan Koordinator  Ruangan Bersembang  Tentang Bahasa Semai (Asal-usul)  Muat Naik/Turun Dokumen  Pengumuman Semasa

6. Sejauh manakah portal ini dapat membantu anda dalam mengendalikan pengajaran Bahasa Semai dengan lebih baik dan membantu anda dalam mengakses maklumat- maklumat yang diperlukan?

7. Adakah ia mampu untuk memastikan anda (pengajar Bahasa Semai) sentiasa berhubung sesama tenaga pengajar dengan lebih baik dan mudah?  Ya  Tidak

8. Adakah fungsi memuat naik/turun dokumen membantu atau menggalakkan anda untuk berkongsi maklumat dengan tenaga pengajar Bahasa Semai yang lain dan juga koordinator subjek ini?  Ya  Tidak

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9. Pada pandangan anda, adakah objektif utama ESTP ini secara keseluruhannya telah tercapai?

*Objektif ESTP: i. untuk membantu tenaga pengajar Bahasa Semai supaya mempunyai platform untuk berkongsi maklumat atau pengetahuan mengenai subjek Bahasa Semai yang diajar ii. memudahkan tenaga pengajar subjek ini dalam mempunyai bahan rujukan mengenai subjek selain daripada buku teks iii. ESTP bertujuan untuk memastikan kemampanan Bahasa Semai supaya tidak dilupakan

10. Sila berikan sebarang cadangan atau pendapat untuk penambahbaikan ESTP.

Terima kasih di atas maklum balas dan kerjasama anda.

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