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A Comparison of Some Existing Radios with Implications for Public Safety Interoperability
Chameleonic Radio Technical Memo No. 4 A Comparison of Some Existing Radios with Implications for Public Safety Interoperability S.W. Ellingson June 1, 2006 Bradley Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Blacksburg, VA 24061 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Methodology 1 3 Findings 2 4 Concluding Remarks 3 A Summary of Radio Speci¯cations 5 B Brochures 7 ii 1 Introduction Presently, public safety communications infrastructure in the U.S. consists of a dis- parate collection of radio technologies operating over a wide range of frequencies and using a variety of incompatible protocols [1]. This situation impairs interoperability between public safety agencies, which is particularly apparent during periods of crisis. One possible approach to mitigating this di±culty is to employ mobile radios that are capable of operating over multiple frequency bands and protocols (modes), as opposed to being limited to one frequency range and one protocol [2]. However, this problem is not unique to the public safety community. A simi- lar problem has arisen in military radio communications, which has led to the de- velopment of military radios with multiband/multimode capabilities [3]. Also, for somewhat di®erent reasons, multiband/multimode mobile radios are prevalent in the amateur radio community. Therefore, there may be something to be learned by com- paring the characteristics of these existing multiband/multimode radios to existing public safety mobile radios. This report is a ¯rst attempt. 2 Methodology The summary of this brief, informal study is reported in the form of a table in Ap- pendix A. Ten radios were selected, including 6 from the public safety market, 3 from the military market, and 1 from the amateur radio market. -
NSA's Efforts to Secure Private-Sector Telecommunications Infrastructure
Under the Radar: NSA’s Efforts to Secure Private-Sector Telecommunications Infrastructure Susan Landau* INTRODUCTION When Google discovered that intruders were accessing certain Gmail ac- counts and stealing intellectual property,1 the company turned to the National Security Agency (NSA) for help in securing its systems. For a company that had faced accusations of violating user privacy, to ask for help from the agency that had been wiretapping Americans without warrants appeared decidedly odd, and Google came under a great deal of criticism. Google had approached a number of federal agencies for help on its problem; press reports focused on the company’s approach to the NSA. Google’s was the sensible approach. Not only was NSA the sole government agency with the necessary expertise to aid the company after its systems had been exploited, it was also the right agency to be doing so. That seems especially ironic in light of the recent revelations by Edward Snowden over the extent of NSA surveillance, including, apparently, Google inter-data-center communications.2 The NSA has always had two functions: the well-known one of signals intelligence, known in the trade as SIGINT, and the lesser known one of communications security or COMSEC. The former became the subject of novels, histories of the agency, and legend. The latter has garnered much less attention. One example of the myriad one could pick is David Kahn’s seminal book on cryptography, The Codebreakers: The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet.3 It devotes fifty pages to NSA and SIGINT and only ten pages to NSA and COMSEC. -
Canada's Communications Security Establishment: from Cold War to Globalization
CANADA’S COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY ESTABLISHMENT: FROM COLD WAR TO GLOBALISATION Martin Rudner OCCASIONAL PAPER No 22 – 2000 CANADA’S COMMUNICATION SECURITY ESTABLISHMENT: FROM COLD WAR TO GLOBALISATION Martin Rudner OCCASIONAL PAPER No 22 – 2000 The Norman Paterson School of International Affairs Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 Telephone: 613-520-6655 Fax: 613-520-2889 www.carleton.ca/npsia This series is published by the Centre for Security and Defence Studies at the School and supported by a grant from the Security Defence Forum of the Department of National Defence. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the School or the Department of National Defence. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ii Abbreviations iv INTRODUCTION 1 THE BEGINNINGS OF CANADIAN SIGINT 2 CANADA’S SIGINT COLLECTION EFFORT 6 COLD WAR SIGINT OPERATIONS 8 CANADA AND THE UKUSA AGREEMENT 11 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND ECHELON 13 SIGINT TECHNOLOGY ACCESS AND SHARING 16 CANADA’S POST-COLD WAR SIGINT AGENDA 18 THE ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE CONUNDRUM 22 FUTURE CHALLENGES 25 Notes 34 About the Author 41 LIST OF OCCASIONAL PAPERS 42 i ABSTRACT The Communications Security Establishment (CSE) is Canada’s largest, best funded and most highly secretive intelligence agency, and is the main provider of foreign intelligence to the Canadian government. CSE collects, analyses and reports on signals intelligence (SIGINT) derived from interceptions of foreign electronic communications, radio, radar, telemetry, and other electromagnetic emissions. In fulfilment of its foreign intelligence function, CSE collaborates closely in a special SIGINT sharing arrangement with the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand known as UKUSA. -
Harris Sierra II, Programmable Cryptographic
TYPE 1 PROGRAMMABLE ENCRYPTION Harris Sierra™ II Programmable Cryptographic ASIC KEY BENEFITS When embedded in radios and other voice and data communications equipment, > Legacy algorithm support the Harris Sierra II Programmable Cryptographic ASIC encrypts classified > Low power consumption information prior to transmission and storage. NSA-certified, it is the foundation > JTRS compliant for the Harris Sierra II family of products—which includes two package options for the ASIC and supporting software. > Compliant with NSA’s Crypto Modernization Program The Sierra II ASIC offers a broad range of functionality, with data rates greater than 300 Mbps, > Compact form factor legacy algorithm support, advanced programmability and low power consumption. Its software programmability provides a low-cost migration path for future upgrades to embedded communications equipment—without the logistics and cost burden normally associated with upgrading hardware. Plus, it’s totally compliant with all Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) and Crypto Modernization Program requirements. The Sierra II ASIC’s small size, low power requirements, and high data rates make it an ideal choice for battery-powered applications, including military radios, wireless LANs, remote sensors, guided munitions, UAVs and any other devices that require a low-power, programmable solution for encryption. Specifications for: Harris SIERRA II™ Programmable Cryptographic ASIC GENERAL BATON/MEDLEY SAVILLE/PADSTONE KEESEE/CRAYON/WALBURN Type 1 – Cryptographic GOODSPEED Algorithms* ACCORDION FIREFLY/Enhanced FIREFLY JOSEKI Decrypt High Assurance AES DES, Triple DES Type 3 – Cryptographic AES Algorithms* Digital Signature Standard (DSS) Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) Type 4 – Cryptographic CITADEL® Algorithms* SARK/PARK (KY-57, KYV-5 and KG-84A/C OTAR) DS-101 and DS-102 Key Fill Key Management SINCGARS Mode 2/3 Fill Benign Key/Benign Fill *Other algorithms can be added later. -
TB 380-41 Final!
klg DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION STATEMENT The technical or operational information in this manual is required solely for official use; therefore, distribution is authorized to U.S. Government agencies only. This determination was made on 1 January 1993. For further information, see page i of this document. WARNING: Military or civilian personnel who misuse or disclose to unauthorized persons information marked For Official Use Only (FOUO) may be subject to administrative sanctions brought under UCMJ Article 92, or in accor- dance with AR 690-700, Chapter 751, Table 1-1. Elec- tronic copies made of any publication herein must (1) bear the Four Official Use Only marking, and (2) include this WARNING in its entirety. Protective marking is in accordance with paragraph 3-200, Exemption 3a, AR 25-55. Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. Headquarters, Department of the Army Date of this Publication is 1 August 2003. Current as of 1 July 2003. This bulletin supersedes TB 380-41, October 1994 and rescinds the use of DA Forms 2008 and 2009. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY TB 380-41 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION STATEMENT OUTSIDE THE U.S. GOVERNMENT RELEASE: Requests from outside the U.S. Government for release of this publication under the Foreign Military Sales Program must be made to Commander, U.S. Army Security Assistance Center, ATTN: AMSAC-MI/I, 5002 Eisenhower Ave., Alexandria, VA 22333-0001. Request from outside the U.S. Government for release of this publication under the Freedom of Information Act must be made to the Director, Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM), Communications Security Logistics Activity (CSLA) at ATTN: SELCL-ID-P3, U.S. -
Ky-57 Vinson
KY-57 VINSON Homepage Crypto KY-57 (VINSON) Index Voice encryption unit Enigma The KY-57 was a wide-band voice encryption unit that was developed in the USA during the 1970s as a replacement of the NESTOR cryptographic products, such as the KY-38. It was suitable for use with a Hagelin wide range of military radios and telehone lines. As part of the VINSON family of devices, it was the main Fialka crypto 'workhorse' of the US Army during the 1980s. Even today, many radios and voice encryption devices are still backwards compatible with the KY-57, that is also known as the TSEC/KY-57. The Siemens airborne version of the KY-57 is called the KY-58. Philips The KY-57 uses the NSA-developed Type-1 KY-57 voice encryption unit Nema SAVILLE cryptographic algorithm. When used in combination with a radio transceiver, such as the Racal SINCGARS non-ICOM RT-1439/VRC, the KY-57 STK allows signal fades or losses for up to 12 seconds without losing synchronization. Transvertex The KY-57 was eventually superceeded by the KY- Gretag 99 that offered newer - more advanced - Telsy cryptographic algorithms, but that was still backwards compatible with the KY-57. Later Tadiran SINCGARS ICOM radios, such as the RT-1523, had built-in KY-57 (VINSON) compatibility. USA USSR Both voice and data can be encrypted with the KY-57. Voice data is digitized using Continuous Variable Slope Delta modulation (CVSD), similar to other voice crypto systems of the same era, such as the UK Philips Spendex-10 , the Spendex 50 and the Telsy TS-500. -
KY-58 (Vinson)
KY-58 (Vinson) The KY-57/58 is a member of the VINSON family. The VINSON family consists of wideband secure voice (WBSV) units developed by the National Security Agency to provide line of sight half-duplex voice and data encryption at 16 Kbps. The KY-57/58 provides security for AM/FM, VHF, UHF, half-duplex PTT combat net radios and tactical wireline systems when used with the HYX-57. Also used by non-tactical users for high-level communications in the local wideband telephone networks and wideband satellite terminals. The KY-57 is the manpack/vehicular model and the KY-58 is the airborne/shipborne version. The KY-57/58 is certified to pass data up to TOP SECRET and accepts key from the family of Common Fill Devices and also incorporates remote keying. KY-57/58 production was completed in 1993. No further production is planned. KY-58 photo by Tim Tyler Tim Tyler comments."The photo above depicts the KY-58 unit inside a USCG HH-65C 'Dolphin' helicopter taken in September 2008. It is currently configured just for use on their 225-400MHz aircraft band radio. Supposedly, they're in the process of upgrading the HH-65 helos into an MH-65 (Special Ops capable) configuration which will have APCO P-25 compliant radios (with AES crypto, for talking to other DHS agencies) as well as ANDVT / KY-100 type crypto for communicating with the military-side of USCG ops". The photo above depicts a KY-58 RCU installation in an A-10 attack aircraft. -
A History of U.S. Communications Security (U)
A HISTORY OF U.S. COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY (U) THE DAVID G. BOAK LECTURES VOLUME II NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY FORT GEORGE G. MEADE, MARYLAND 20755 The information contained in this publication will not be disclosed to foreign nationals or their representatives without express approval of the DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY. Approval shall refer specifically to this publication or to specific information contained herein. JULY 1981 CLASSIFIED BY NSA/CSSM 123-2 REVIEW ON 1 JULY 2001 NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREI6N NATIONALS SECRET HA~mLE YIA COMINT CIIA~HJELS O~JLY ORIGINAL (Reverse Blank) ---------- • UNCLASSIFIED • TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBJECT PAGE NO INTRODUCTION _______ - ____ - __ -- ___ -- __ -- ___ -- __ -- ___ -- __ -- __ --- __ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ iii • POSTSCRIPT ON SURPRISE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I OPSEC--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS ___ -------- --- ___ ---- _______________ ---- _ --- _ ----- _ 7 THREAT IN ASCENDANCY _________________________________ - ___ - - _ -- - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 • LPI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I SARK-SOME CAUTIONARY HISTORY __ --- _____________ ---- ________ --- ____ ----- _ _ 13 THE CRYPTO-IGNITION KEY __________ --- __ -- _________ - ---- ___ -- ___ - ____ - __ -- _ _ _ 15 • PCSM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -
AR 380-40 Safeguarding and Controlling Communications
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Army Regulation 380–40 Security Safeguarding and Controlling Communications Security Material Distribution Restriction Statement. This publication contains technical or operational information that is for official Government use only. Distribution is limited to Government agencies or their contractors. Requests from outside the Government for release of this publication under the Freedom of Information Act will be referred to the Commanding General, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, (IACSF–FI), Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755–5995. Requests from outside of the Government for release of this publication under the Foreign Military Sales program must be made to the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–2 (DAMI–CDS), 1000 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–1000. Destruction Notice. Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. Rapid Action Revision (RAR) Issue Date: 24 April 2013 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 9 July 2012 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 380–40 Safeguarding and Controlling Communications Security Material This rapid action revision, dated 24 April 2013- o Updates responsibilities for Commanding General, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command; Commanders, Army commands, Army service component commands, and direct reporting units; command security officers; commanders at all levels; and individual users (paras 1-8, 1-11, 1-12, 1-13, and 1-16). o Provides expanded policy and guidance for administering the Counterintelligence Scope Polygraph Program in support of the Department of the Army Cryptographic Access Program (chap 7). o Requires use of the U.S. -
Link 16 Secure Voice J-Voice for the Entire Operations Team
Product brief: Link 16 secure voice J-Voice for the entire operations team Since its early beginnings in the Vietnam War, Link 16 (L16) has been consistently improved and has subsequently developed into the primary military tactical data link for NATO and selected friendly nations. Commanders are able to employ L16 to exchange vast amounts of mission data between likewise equipped units in real time without fear of cyber attack or being subject to electronic counter measures. One key element of L16 capability is its ability to host secure voice channels – often referred to a J-Voice (Joint Tactical Information Distribution System – JTIDS) – and this is an area where Frequentis can add value. By using the field-proven and certified ground/air and ground/ground secure communications system iSecCOM, Frequentis provides the customer with unparalleled J-Voice connectivity to every iSecCOM position. Key features Link 16 secure voice iSecCOM enables Link 16 secure voice to be available at each operator position. Routed from the workstation via the Link 16 MIDS (multifunctional information distribution system) terminals, both channels A and B, (16kbps & 2.4kbps) are supported. Simplified communications and full control iSecCOM provides full-spectrum communication services, including all radio and telephony services, combined with selected data and Link 16 secure voice full radio remote control services. at a glance Designed by the operators and for the operators • Link 16 Secure Voice connectivity to combat aircraft Frequentis leverages decades of experience working • Embedded electronic-counter-counter- with operators to define the most user-friendly measures in every operator position HMI based on its field-proven, military-grade IT solutions used by multiple forces around the globe. -
11 =�O U��U = � � � 0 • -· T �� :» �� • Z:! T1 • (11 ;! -- FOREWORD
� 0 0. 0. � :» .-4 = � (11 =�o u��u = � � � 0 • -· t �� :» �� • z:! t1 • (11 ;! -- FOREWORD This manual is designed to provide the user with easy reference and quick response to Fleet problems by detailing information on Fleet support services and technical assistance capabilities available from SPAWAR. The initial points of contact for SPAWAR supported equipment problems on the waterfront and for shipyard related issues are the Fleet Liaison Officers. Points of contact are provided for all areas discussed. The Fleet Liaison Program interface is to provide "on call" support necessary to assist users in meeting tqeir operational requirements. A. EDWARDS Deputy /Assistant Commander Technical Management i L .. TABLE OF CONTENTS SPAWAR DIRECT FLEET SUPPORT Fleet Liaison Program .................... ........ ..I CSRR (Combat Systems Readiness Review) ...... ...... 3 CSRT (Combat Systems Readiness Test) ...............4 5 CSDE (Combat Systems Demonstration Evaluation) .... Field Change Program (FCIP) .................. ....6 SSEOC (Surface Ship Engineered Operating Cycle) .... 7 SPAW4R ACTIVITIES AND NEEACTS (Addresses, Commanding Officers, Officers in Charge, and Fleet Liaison Officers) NAVELEXSYSENGACT St. Inigoes ....... ..... .... .... ...9 NAVELEXSYSENGACT DET Philadelphia ..... .... ...... .. 9 NAVELEXCEN Charleston .............................. 9 NAVELEXCEN Portsmouth .... ....... .... ..... .....10 NAVELEXCEN San Diego....... .......................10 NAVELEXCEN Vallejo...... ..........................11 NAVELEXCEN DET Mayport . ............ -
Provides for the Procurement of Secure Communications Equipment to Navy Ships, Shore Sites, Aircraft, Marine Corps, and United States Coast Guard
UNCLASSIFIED BUDGET ITEM JUSTIFICATION SHEET DATE May 2009 APPROPRIATION/BUDGET ACTIVITY P-1 ITEM NOMENCLATURE SUBHEAD OP,N - BA2 COMMUNICATIONS & ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 3415 Information Systems Security Program (ISSP) 52DA FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY2014 FY2015 TO COMP TOTAL QUANTITY COST (in millions) 121.319 100.855 119.054 Continuing Continuing Spares 0.442 0.425 0.319 PROGRAM COVERAGE: The Information Systems Security Program (ISSP) provides for the procurement of secure communications equipment to Navy ships, shore sites, aircraft, Marine Corps, and United States Coast Guard. ISSP protects information systems from unauthorized access or modification of information, and against the denial of service to authorized users or provision of service to unauthorized users. Information Assurance (IA) is a layered protection strategy, using Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS) hardware and software products that collectively provide an effective Network Security Infrastructure (multiple level security mechanisms and ability to detect and react to intrusions). IA is critical in protecting our ability to wage Network Centric Warfare (NCW). The following ISSP specific efforts will be funded under this program: SECURE VOICE: The Secure Voice program procures equipment that provides secure voice communication capabilities. Equipment to be procured in FY10-FY11 includes various secure voice strategic/tactical products (VINSON/Advanced Narrowband and Digital Voice Terminal (VACM), KSV-21, Next Generation Internet Protocol Phones (Next Gen IP Phones), Call Manager, Internet Protocol Tactical Shore Gateway (IP TSG), Navy Certificate Validation Infrastructure (NCVI) cards, and Secure Communication Interoperability Protocol (SCIP) Inter-Working Function (IWF).