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Espana-UE-AL.Pdf España y la UE 3/13/10 10:15 AM Page 1 El presente volumen trata unas dimensiones selectivas de la problemática y la integración latinoamericana España, española en el momento decisivo de ejercer la presidencia rotativa de la Unión Europea durante el primer semestre de 2010. A la finalización de este mandato, España,España, se cumple el 25 aniversario de la adhesión (junto a Portugal) en junio de 1985 y la Unión Europea el efectivo ingreso el 1 de enero del siguiente año. Pero lo que sobre el papel lo que hace pocos años parecía ser una celebración placentera, se ha insertado en lala UniónUnión EuropeaEuropea una serie de acontecimientos de índole económica, social y política, al tiempo que no se olvida su relación con América Latina. Consecuentemente, la primera parte del libro está dedicada al análisis de la problemática española actual en el yy lala integraciónintegración marco de la UE. La segunda encara las relaciones Unión Europea-América Latina, en el marco de la Cumbre a celebrarse en Madrid en mayo de 2010. La tercera latinoamericana se dedica al estudio del estado actual de diversos aspectos de la integración latinoamericana subregional en Latinoamérica, según se refleja en la evolución y perspectivas de la Comunidad Andina, Centroamérica y MERCOSUR. Coautores. Diego Acosta Arcarazo María Lorca-Susino Anna Ayuso Michel Leví Coral Jamile Bergamaschine Mata Diz Carlos Malamud Joaquín Roy y Roberto Domínguez Manuel Cienfuegos Antonio Martínez Puñal Roberto Domínguez Carlos Francisco Molina del Pozo Alan Fairlie Reinoso Joaquín Roy Natividad Fernández Sola Lorena Ruano Albert Galinsoga Jordá Fernando Rueda-Junquera (compliladores) Rita Giacalone Karine de Souza Silva Francesc Granell Eric Tremolada Álvarez Carlos Hakansson Vicente Palacio Joaquín Roy y Roberto Domínguez (compliladores) ISBN 978-1-4507-0921-7 9 789781 450709 Jean Monnet Chair, University of Miami Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence España en la Unión Europea y el Estado de la Integración Latinoamericana Joaquín Roy y Roberto Domínguez (editores) Miami-Florida European Union Center/Jean Monnet Chair, 2010 España en la Unión Europea y el Estado de la Integración Latinoamericana Joaquín Roy y Roberto Domínguez (editores) Miami-Florida European Union Center/Jean Monnet Chair, 2010 Co-autores Diego Acosta Arcarazo María Lorca Anna Ayuso Michel Leví Coral Jamile Bergamaschine Mata Diz Carlos Malamud Manuel Cienfuegos Antonio Martínez Puñal Karine de Souza Silva Carlos Francisco Molina del Roberto Domínguez Pozo Alan Fairlie Reinoso Vicente Palacio Natividad Fernández Sola Joaquín Roy Albert Galinsoga Jordá Lorena Ruano Rita Giacalone Fernando Rueda-Junquera Francesc Granell Eric Tremolada Álvarez Carlos Hakansson The Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence A Partnership of the University of Miami and Florida International University and The Jean Monnet Chair of the University of Miami The Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence (M-FEUCE) is one of the 11 Centers of Excellence supported by the European Commission at universities throughout the United States, as part of a broader effort to promote people-to-people contacts across the Atlantic. Thus, these EU Centers promote the study of the EU, its institutions and policies and EU/US relations through teaching programs, scholarly research and outreach activities in their local and regional communities. The Jean Monnet Chair of European Integration, awarded by the European Commission’s Jean Monnet Action of the General Directorate of Education and Culture in 2001 to the University of Miami, has been exclusively dedicated to strengthen the teaching and research of the EU, with a strong specialization on its relations with Latin America and the Caribbean and comparative regional integration. Miami - Florida Jean Monnet Chair Staff European Union Center Joaquín Roy (Director) University of Miami Astrid Boening (AssociateDirector) 1000 Memorial Drive María Lorca (Associate Editor) 101 Ferré Building Maxime Larive (Research Assistant) Coral Gables, FL 33124-2231 Phone: 305-284-3266 Florida International University Fax: (305) 284 4406 Web: www.miami.edu/eucenter Elisabeth Prugl (FIU, Co-Director) Inter-American Jean Monnet Chair Editorial Board: Carlos Hakansson, Universidad de Piura, Perú Finn Laursen, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada Michel Levi-Coral, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Quito, Ecuador José Luis Martínez-Estay¸ Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile, Chile Félix Peña, Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Buenos Aires, Argentina Stephan Sberro, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Eric Tremolada, Universidad del Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia International Jean Monnet Chair Editorial Advisors: Francesc Granell, University of Barcelona, Spain Ramūnas Vilpišauskas, Vilnius University, Lithuania ISBN 1-59388-164-9 Ediciones Universal Printed in the United States by Thomson-Shore, Inc. © Copyright 2010. Jean Monnet Chair/University of Miami. All rights reserved. No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form without written consent of the publisher. Índice Estudio Introductorio España, entre Europa y América Joaquín Roy . 1 I. España en la Presidencia de la Unión Europea España en la UE: Las cuatro presidencias españolas Francesc Granell . 13 La Presidencia de España del Consejo de la UE: Prioridades en política exterior, de seguridad y defensa Natividad Fernández Sola . 21 España y sus ciclos económicos María Lorca . 33 La nueva Ley de Inmigración en España. Un primer análisis de sus aspectos liberales y restrictivos Diego Acosta Arcarazo . 51 II. España y América Latina Las relaciones de España con América Latina entre la Cumbre Iberoamericana de Estoril y la ALCUE de Madrid Carlos Malamud . 65 España y su papel en un espacio común birregional UE-ALC: Mirando hacia el futuro Anna Ayuso . 71 La dimensión iberoamericana de España: constantes históricas y aspectos recientes Albert Galinsoga Jordá . 91 III. Relaciones Birregionales El futuro de la integración interregional: Hacia una reformulación de la comunidad internacional Carlos Hakansson . 119 Repensando la Asociación Estratégica UE–América Latina: Reflexiones para el afianzamiento de las relaciones birregionales Carlos Francisco Molina del Pozo Jamile Bergamaschine Mata Diz. 131 La relación birregional y la desintegración en América Latina Lorena Ruano . 153 Cohesión social: Prioridad de las negociaciones de la Asociación Estratégica entre UE, Latinoamérica y Caribe (ALC-UE) Karine de Souza Silva . 169 Una agenda transatlántica ampliada a Latinoamérica y el Caribe: Hacia un área euro-americana Vicente Palacio . 187 IV. América Central y la Comunidad Andina La integración económica centroamericana y el Acuerdo de Asociación con la UE: ¿Una oportunidad para la Asociación Estratégica Birregional? Fernando Rueda-Junquera . 205 ¿Agotamiento del Sistema Institucional Andino? Eric Tremolada Álvarez . 227 La relación UE–Comunidad Andina en el contexto de la negociación de los acuerdos de asociación Michel Leví Coral . 247 Acuerdo multipartes UE-CAN: ¿Factor de cohesión o fragmentación? Alan Fairlie Reinoso . 267 V. Mercosur Mercosur y Venezuela: Estructura económica y escenario tendencial Rita Giacalone . 293 El Mercosur y la Unión Europea: Balance de una década de negociaciones para la creación de una Asociación Birregional y perspectivas de futuro Manuel Cienfuegos . 319 Crisis internacional y sistemas de pagos: Examen de los convenios del Alba para la creación de un Sistema Unitario de Compensación Regional de Pagos (Sucre) Antonio Martínez Puñal . 345 Conclusiones Mirando hacia el futuro de la relación Unión Europea-América Latina Roberto Domínguez . 293 Acerca de los autores Estudio Introductorio España, entre Europa y América Joaquín Roy Nuevos y viejos retos La presente colección de análisis y estudios intenta cubrir tres temas principales. En primer lugar, se propone tratar unas dimensiones selectivas de la problemática española en el momento decisivo de ejercer la presidencia rotativa de la Unión Europea. A su finalización se cumple el 25 aniversario de la adhesión (junto a Portugal) en junio de 1985 y el efectivo ingreso el 1 de enero del siguiente año. Pero lo que sobre el papel hace pocos años parecía ser una celebración placen- tera, se ha insertado en una serie de inconexos acontecimientos, pero (por el destino político-económico) también coincidentes con notable impacto en el contexto temporal.1 España acababa de ingresar como invitada en el llamado G-20, en reconoci- miento a su acrecentado papel mundial. Es ya octavo donante del mundo y posee la octava economía global. Casi de repente, España se enfrentaba a una serie de retos que presentan el peligro que los aniversarios en cuestión y la obligación institucional en al UE queden empañados. España parece no tener suerte en mo- mentos emblemáticos. No es ésta la primera vez y se predice que no será la última en tener que encarar y sufrir dificultades no necesariamente creadas por su interno tejido social, económico y político. En primer lugar, en el plano estrictamente económico, España está inmersa en una de las crisis mayores de la moderna historia global. Además, por diversas causas, se ha convertido en objeto de análisis y de preocupación debido a algunas de las peculiaridades de su dimensión interna. Su economía no solamente sufre de forma frontal las consecuencias del deterioro y los escándalos del sistema fi- nanciero internacional, sino que también se ha convertido en protagonista destacado por la gravedad de
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